Kimia Itu Mudah InsyaAllah A SCORING A IN CHEMISTRY 2009 1)

11 12 n

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Describe the atom shown above 12 n Key word Explanations Nucleus The nucleus consists 11 !otons "n# 12 neut!ons Elect!on H"$e 11 elect!ons in its o!%its S"&e H"$e s"&e nu&%e! !otons "n# elect!on is e'u"l to 11 A!!"n(e&ent Elect!onic "!!"n(e&ent )o! "to& R is 2*+*1 ,"lence elect!on H"$e one $"lence elect!ons G!ou Acco!#in( the nu&%e! o) $"lence elect!on- "to& R in (!ou 1 ."l/"line &et"ls) 0e!io# Acco!#in( the nu&%e! o) shells- "to& R in e!io# 1 Neut!"l The "to& is neut!"l since the nu&%e! !otons is e'u"l to nu&%e! o) elect!ons 2)

Describe about the figure above showing the symbol for atom aluminium, Al Key Word Explanations Nucleon nu&%e! The nucleon nu&%e! )o! "to& Al is e'u"l to 22 0!oton nu&%e! The !otons nu&%e! is e'u"l to 11 Elect!on nu&%e! The elect!on nu&%e! is e'u"l to 11 Neut!"l Since the nu&%e! !otons "n# elect!on is e'u"l- the "to& is neut!"l Rel"tionshi The nucleon nu&%e! 3 . !otons nu&%e! 4 neut!ons nu&%e!) Neut!ons The neut!ons nu&%e! is e'u"l to .22 5 11) 3 16 nu&%e! 4 Ch"!(e# 0!oton is ositi$el7 ch"!(e# 8 Ch"!(e# Elect!ons is ne("ti$el7 ch"!(e# Neut!ons Neut!ons is neut!"l ch"!(e# 1) Explain why Group 18 is chemically unreactive or inert Key Word Explanations Mono"to&ic G!ou 1+ ele&ents e9ist "s &ono"to&ic ("ses Co&%ine C"nnot co&%ine :ith "nothe! ele&ents ionic"ll7 o! co$"lentl7 Octet ;o! Neon until R"#on the7 h"$e octet elect!on "!!"n(e&ent <u let ;o! Heliu&- it in #u let elect!on "!!"n(e&ents C"nnot sh"!e The7 c"nnot sh"!e- !ele"se o! "cce t elect!ons :ith othe! ele&ents ,"lence ,"lence elect!on is ei(ht .)ull occu ie#) "n# t:o .#u let) )o! "to& Heliu& 1
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Kimia Itu Mudah InsyaAllah A elect!ons 6) When going down the group the si e become increase! Explain Key Word Shells R"#ius Si>e Explanations =hen (oin( #o:n in (!ou - the nu&%e! o) shells %eco&e inc!e"se So- the !"#ius o) "to& %eco&e inc!e"se Si>e %eco&e inc!e"se :hen (oin( #o:n in (!ou

?) "he reactivity of Group 1 becomes increase when going down in group! Explain Key word Si>e <ist"nce ;o!ces Ten#enc7 0ot"ssiu& Re"cti$it7 @) Clone SPM 2006 Explanations =hen (oin( #o:n- the si>e %eco&e inc!e"se since the nu&%e! o) shells inc!e"se The #ist"nce %et:een $"lence elect!on "n# nucleus %eco&e )u!the! The "tt!"ction )o!ces %eco&e :e"/e! "s (oin( )u!the! o! &o!e %i((e! Ten#enc7 the $"lence elect!on to !ele"se %eco&e hi(he! So- the ot"ssiu& is $e!7 )"! :ith nucleus- so :e"/e! )o!ces "n# ten#enc7 to elect!ons is $e!7 hi(he! th"n so#iu& "n# lithiu& The !e"cti$it7 is inc!e"se :hen (oin( #o:n in G!ou 1

#ompare the attractive forces between the nuclei and the valence electrons in the atom in $ and % and relate this to their reactivity Key Word G!e"te! Shells Att!"cti$e )o!ces Ten#enc7 Elect!o ositi$e Rele"se Explanations The #ist"nce %et:een nuclei "n# $"lence elect!ons o) the "to& R is (!e"te! th"n S Ato& R h"s th!ee shells :hile "to& S h"s onl7 t:o shells As the #ist"nce %et:een nuclei "n# $"lence elect!on "to& R is $e!7 (!e"te! - the "tt!"cti$e )o!ces is :e"/e! th"n "to& S So- the ten#enc7 "to& R to !ele"se elect!ons is $e!7 hi(he! co& "!e# "to& S Ato& R &o!e elect!o ositi$e co& "!e# "to& S Ato& R !ele"se t:o elect!ons to %eco&e R24

2) When going down Group 1&, the si e of the atom becomes increases! "he melting and boiling points increase too Key Word Explanations 0!oton nu&%e!s =hen (oin( #o:n in (!ou - the !oton nu&%e! %eco&e inc!e"se Si>e The si>e %eco&es inc!e"se "s nu&%e! o) shell inc!e"se <i"to&ic H"lo(ens e9ist "s #i"to&ic &olecules "t !oo& te& e!"tu!e :ith ,"n #e! =""ls )o!ces 2
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Kimia Itu Mudah InsyaAllah A ;o!ces "tt!"ction %et:een )luo!ine &olecules "!e :e"/ %ut :hen (oin( #o:n- it %eco&e st!on( Ene!(7 Mo!e ene!(7 nee#e# to o$e!co&e th"t )o!ces Aoilin( o! &eltin( Aoilin( "n# &eltin( oints %eco&e inc!e"se +) "he reactivity of Group 1& becomes decrease when going down in group! Explain Key Word Explanations Si>e =hen (oin( #o:n- the si>e %eco&e inc!e"se since the nu&%e! o) shells inc!e"se <ist"nce The #ist"nce %et:een $"lence elect!on "n# nucleus %eco&e )u!the! ;o!ces The "tt!"ction )o!ces %eco&e :e"/e! "s (oin( )u!the! o! &o!e %i((e! <i))icult It %eco&es &o!e #i))icult to "cce t elect!ons "s the "to& inc!e"ses in si>e Elect!one("ti$e St!on(e! "tt!"ction to:"!#s elect!ons "n# %eco&e &o!e elect!one("ti$e Re"cti$it7 The !e"cti$it7 is #ec!e"se :hen (oin( #o:n in G!ou 1 9) When across 'eriod ( from sodium to argon, the atomic si e decreases! Explain why Key Word Explanations 0!otons As the !oton nu&%e! inc!e"se 0ositi$e ch"!(e The ositi$e ch"!(e o) the nucleus %eco&es inc!e"se ;o!ces The )o!ce o) "tt!"ction o) nucleus on elect!on o) the )i!st th!ee shells inc!e"se Inc!e"se )o!ce The inc!e"se )o!ce o) "tt!"ction o) nucleus on the elect!ons- c"uses the "to&ic si>e to #ec!e"se 10) ;luo!ine

Which of the following metal oxides suitable to be used in above diagram Key Word Explanations Bess !e"cti$e Met"l o9i#es :hich "!e less !e"cti$e th"n h7#!o(en- H2 in !e"cti$it7 se!ies o) &et"ls A!!"n(e&ent C N" C" M( Al use# Dn ;e Sn 0% (H) Cu Ese# "%o$e #i"(!"& e9"& le Co e! o9i#e "n# Sil$e! O9i#e A( 1
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Clone SPM 2008 Key Word Ai& o) e9 e!i&ent M"ni ul"te# Res on#in( Const"nt H7 othesis A "!"tus 0!oce#u!e

Explanations To co& "!e the !e"cti$it7 o) lithiu&- so#iu&- "n# ot"ssiu& :ith :"te! <i))e!ent t7 es o) &et"ls Re"cti$it7 o) the &et"ls ,olu&e o) :"te!F si>e o) the &et"l use# The !e"cti$it7 o) these &et"ls to:"!#s :"te! inc!e"ses #o:n the G!ou 1 ;o!ce s- /ni)e- :"te! t!ou(h- )ilte! " e!- :"te!- lithiu&- so#iu&- ot"ssiu& "n# !e# lit&us " e! A s&"ll iece o) lithiu& is cut usin( " /ni)e The oil on its su!)"ce is #!ie# usin( " iece o) )ilte! " e! Ese " "i! o) )o!ce s to #!o it into " t!ou(h cont"inin( :"te!* O%se!$"tion :"s !eco!#e# The solution :"s teste# :ith !e# lit&us " e! :hen !e"ction sto e# Ste 1 to 6 "!e !e e"te# usin( so#iu& "n# ot"ssiu& !es ecti$el7 Metal Obser ation Bithiu& It &o$es slo:l7 on the :"te! su!)"ce :ith " little )i>>in(* Re# lit&us " e! tu!ns to %lue So#iu& It &o$es !" i#l7 on the :"te! su!)"ce :ith "hissin( soun#* Re# lit&us " e! tu!ns to %lue 0ot"ssiu& It &o$es $e!7 !" i#l7 on the :"te! su!)"ce* It i(nites :ith " lil"c )l"&e o "n# " hissin( soun#* Re# lit&us " e! tu!ns to %lue

T"%ul"tion o) #"t"

12) When a piece of sodium metal is dropped into a)ueous copper *++, sulphate solution, copper metal is not displaced! -owever, a blue precipitate is formed! Explain why! Key Word Re"cts E'u"tion H7#!o9i#e Explanation So#iu& !e"cts :ith :"te! in the co e! .II) sul h"te solution to )o!& so#iu& h7#!o9i#e "n# h7#!o(en ("s 2N" 4 2H2O G 2N"OH 4 H2 The h7#!o9i#e ions !e"ct :ith co e! .II) ions- to )o!& %lue co e! .II) o9i#e !eci it"te

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Key Word 0!ec"utions

Che&ic"l )o! H ;unction o) H Re"ction 0"!t C 16)

Explanations H7#!o(en- H2 ("s &ust %e )lo:e# th!ou(h the " "!"tus )o! se$e!"l &inutes to eli&in"te "ll the "i! in the " "!"tus A "!"tus %e teste# %7 collectin( the ("s e&itte# )!o& the tin7 o enin( :ith " test tu%e "n# teste# :ith " li(hte# :oo#en s linte! Anh7#!ous c"lciu& chlo!i#e- C"Cl2- concent!"te# sul hu!ic "ci#- H2SO6<!7in( "(ent The &et"l o9i#e is !e#uce# %7 h7#!o(en- H2 into &et"l "n# :"te!- H2O is )o!&e#

Determine the empirical formulae of the oxide of . Key Word Explanations Ele&ent Met"l- M O M"ss 102*02( 5 ?2*16( 36+*@+( 10?*+@( 5 102*02( 3 1*+6( Mole 6+*@+( F 202 ( &ol81 3 0*21?&ol 1*+6F1@(&ol81 3 0*26&ol Si& lest !"tio 0*26F0*26 3 1 0*26F0*26 31 R"tio 1 1 E& i!ic"l MO ?
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Kimia Itu Mudah InsyaAllah A )o!&ul" 1?)

Key Word Meltin( oint ="te! %"th Sti!!in( Conic"l ;l"s/ Te& e!"tu!e !e&"in 1@)

Explanations Te& e!"tu!e "t :hich " su%st"nce ch"n(es st"te )!o& soli# to li'ui# To ensu!e th"t the H is he"te# e$enl7 To ensu!e "n e$en te& e!"tu!e #u!in( the coolin( o) su%st"nce H in o!#e! to "$oi# su e! coolin( To &ini&i>es the he"t loss to the su!!oun#in( :hich &"7 "))ect the "ccu!"c7 The he"t ene!(7 "%so!%e# %7 the "!ticles is use# to o$e!co&e the )o!ces %et:een "!ticles

-ow many protons and electrons does an atom of / contain0 Key Word Explanations Elect!on C"tion 3 2*+ "!!"n(e&ent Y24 &e"ns t:o elect!ons loses- )o! "to&I 0!oton nu&%e! 2*+*2 3 12 !otons Elect!on nu&%e! 12 elect!ons S"&e The nu&%e! o) !otons is e'u"l to the nu&%e! o) elect!on )o! "to& Y G!ou G!ou 2 .%"se# on $"lence elect!ons) 0e!io# 2 .%"se# on the nu&%e! o) shells) 12)

Which of the following shows the position in the 'eriodic "able of the elements0 Key Word Explanation 0!oton nu&%e! Is 9 Elect!on nu&%e! Ato& h"$e the s"&e nu&%e! o) elect!on is e'u"l to 9 A!!"n(e&ent 2*2 ,"lence elect!on 2 &e"ns G!ou 12 .$"lence elect!on 4 10) Shells H"$e t:o shells &e"ns 0e!io# 2 1+) @
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Key Word Ato& 0 Ato& J Elect!on "!!"n(e&ent Aon# Sh"!in( ;o!&ul" 19)

Explanations 0!oton nu&%e! 3 elect!on nu&%e! is e'u"l to @ 0!oton nu&%e! 3 elect!on nu&%e! is e'u"l to 12 Ato& 0 3 2*6 .G!ou 168non8&et"l) Ato& J 3 2*+*2 .G!ou 12 5 non8&et"l) Co$"lent Co& oun# 1 c"!%on "to& o) 0 sh"!es )ou! elect!ons :ith 6 "to&s J to "chie$e# st"%le octet elect!on "!!"n(e&ent 0J6

Key Word Elect!on "!!"n(e&ent Elect!on nu&%e! 0!oton nu&%e! 0lus elect!on 0!oton nu&%e! 20)

Explanations A"se# on ion R elect!on "!!"n(e&ent I e'u"l to 2*+ 10 =hen ion %eco&es ne("ti$e ions- this "to& h"$e "##ition o) nu&%e! o) elect!ons Anion R28 "## 2 elect!ons 10 5 2elect!ons 3 + elect!ons 3 + !otons .)o! "to& R)
Silver ion Ag+ Zinc ion Zn2+ Nitrate ion NO3Chloride ion Cl-

Name of ions Formula of ions

=!ite the )o!&ul" )o! e"ch co& oun# the %elo: Key Word Sil$e! Nit!"te A(4 "n# NO18 3 A(NO1 Dinc Chlo!i#e Dn24 "n# Cl8 3 DnCl2 Sil$e! Chlo!i#e A(4 "n# Cl8 3 A(Cl Dinc Nit!"te Dn24 "n# NO18 3 Dn.NO1)2 Dn24 NO18 1 2 Dn.NO1)2 21)

Explanations

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Key Word Elect!on "!!"n(e&ent G!ou

Explanations 0 3 2*6 S 3 2*+*1 J 3 2*? T 3 2*+*2 R 3 2*+ E 3 2*+*2 G!ou 1 3 "to& S .%"se# on $"lence elect!ons) G!ou 2 3 "to& T G!ou 16 3 "to& 0 .$"lence elect!ons 4 10 )o! $"lence elect!on 1F6F?F@F2F+) G!ou 1? 3 "to& J G!ou 12 3 "to& E G!ou 1+ 3 "to& R 0e!io# 2 is "to& 0- J- R .%"se# on the nu&%e! o) shells) 0e!io# 1 is "to& S- T- E Ato& S Ato& 2 Ato& R ."chie$e# st"%le octet elect!on "!!"n(e&ent) Ste"&

0e!io# Met"l ;o!& 42 ch"!(e Ine!t ("s 22) ="te!

0!ocess

="te!

He"t The ch"n(e o) st"te is c"lle#K Key Word Bi'ui# G G"s E$" o!"tionF%oilin( G"s G Bi'ui# Con#ens"tion Soli# G Bi'ui# Meltin( Soli# G G"s Su%li&"tion G"s G Soli# Su%li&"tion Bi'ui# G Soli# ;!ee>in(

He"t Explanations

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