Basic Linux Command Lines For Newbies!

8/3/13
Basic Linux Command Lines For Newbies!

Saturday, August 03, 2013
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If you are new to the world of Linux, this article is a must-read for you. These Linux command lines can make your life easier.
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Saturday, August 03, 2013: If you are a starter in Linux, you might find it a little difficult to understand which command line to use for which function. So here we bring to you command line examples of some much used commands, which will be good enough to give you a kickstart in Linux!
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1. tar command examples Create a new tar archive.

$t a rc v fa r c h i v e _ n a m e . t a rd i r n a m e /
Extract from an existing tar archive.

$t a rx v fa r c h i v e _ n a m e . t a r
View an existing tar archive.

$t a rt v fa r c h i v e _ n a m e . t a r
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2. grep command examples Search for a given string in a file (case in-sensitive search).
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Print the matched line, along with the 3 lines after it.
$g r e pA3i" e x a m p l e "d e m o _ t e x t
Search for a given string in all files recursively

$g r e pr" a t i t h y a "*
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3. find command examples Find files using file-name ( case in-sensitve find)
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#f i n di n a m e" M y C P r o g r a m . c "
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Execute commands on files found by the find command
$f i n di n a m e" M y C P r o g r a m . c "e x e cm d 5 s u m{ }\ ;
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Find all empty files in home directory

#f i n d~e m p t y
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4. ssh command examples Login to remote host

s s hlj s m i t hr e m o t e h o s t . e x a m p l e . c o m
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Debug ssh client

s s hvlj s m i t hr e m o t e h o s t . e x a m p l e . c o m
Display ssh client version

$s s hV O p e n S S H _ 3 . 9 p 1 ,O p e n S S L0 . 9 . 7 aF e b1 92 0 0 3
5. sed command examples When you copy a DOS file to Unix, you could find \r\n in the end of each line. This example converts the DOS file format to Unix file format using sed command.
$ s e d' s / . $ / / 'f i l e n a m e
Print file content in reverse order

$s e dn' 1 ! G ; h ; $ p 't h e g e e k s t u f f . t x t
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Add line number for all non-empty-lines in a file

$s e d' / . / = 't h e g e e k s t u f f . t x t|s e d' N ;s / \ n // '
6. awk command examples Remove duplicate lines using awk

$a w k' ! ( $ 0i na r r a y ){a r r a y [ $ 0 ] ;p r i n t} 't e m p
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Print all lines from /etc/passwd that has the same uid and gid
$ a w kF' : '' $ 3 = = $ 4 'p a s s w d . t x t
Print only specific field from a file.

$a w k' { p r i n t$ 2 , $ 5 ; } 'e m p l o y e e . t x t
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7. Sort command examples Sort a file in ascending order
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Sort a file in descending order
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Sort passwd file by 3rd field.

$s o r tt :k3 n/ e t c / p a s s w d|m o r e
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8. export command examples To view oracle related environment variables.

$e x p o r t|g r e pO R A C L E d e c l a r exO R A C L E _ B A S E = " / u 0 1 / a p p / o r a c l e " d e c l a r exO R A C L E _ H O M E = " / u 0 1 / a p p / o r a c l e / p r o d u c t / 1 0 . 2 . 0 " d e c l a r exO R A C L E _ S I D = " m e d " d e c l a r exO R A C L E _ T E R M = " x t e r m "
To export an environment variable:

$e x p o r tO R A C L E _ H O M E = / u 0 1 / a p p / o r a c l e / p r o d u c t / 1 0 . 2 . 0
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9. xargs command examples Copy all images to external hard-drive

#l s* . j p g|x a r g sn 1ic p{ }/ e x t e r n a l h a r d d r i v e / d i r e c t o r y
Search all jpg images in the system and archive it.

#f i n d/n a m e* . j p gt y p efp r i n t|x a r g st a rc v z fi m a g e s . t a r . g z
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Download all the URLs mentioned in the url-list.txt file

#c a tu r l l i s t . t x t|x a r g sw g e t c
10. ls command examples Display filesize in human readable format (e.g. KB, MB etc.,)
$l sl h r w r -1a t i t h y at e a m d e v8 . 9 MJ u n1 21 5 : 2 7a r c h l i n u x . t x t . g z
Order Files Based on Last Modified Time (In Reverse Order) Using ls -ltr
$l sl t r
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Visual Classification of Files With Special Characters Using ls -F

$l sF
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11. pwd command pwd is Print working directory. What else can be said about the good old pwd who has been printing the current directory name for ages. 12. cd command examples Use cd - to toggle between the last two directories Use shopt -s cdspell to automatically correct mistyped directory names on cd 13. gzip command examples To create a *.gz compressed file:
$g z i pt e s t . t x t 12 Nov: LASER World Of PHOTONICS INDIA
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To uncompress a *.gz file: $ gzip -d test.txt.gz
Display compression ratio of the compressed file using gzip -l

$g z i pl* . g z c o m p r e s s e d 2 3 7 0 9
u n c o m p r e s s e d r a t i ou n c o m p r e s s e d _ n a m e 9 7 9 7 5 7 5 . 8 %a s p p a t c h r p m s . t x t
14. bzip2 command examples To create a *.bz2 compressed file:

$b z i p 2t e s t . t x t
To uncompress a *.bz2 file:

b z i p 2dt e s t . t x t . b z 2
15. unzip command examples To extract a *.zip compressed file:

$u n z i pt e s t . z i p
View the contents of *.zip file (Without unzipping it):

$u n z i plj a s p e r . z i p A r c h i v e : j a s p e r . z i p L e n g t h D a t e T i m e - 4 0 9 9 5 1 1 3 0 9 82 3 : 5 0 3 2 1 6 9 0 8 2 5 9 82 1 : 0 7 1 5 9 6 4 0 8 2 5 9 82 1 : 0 7 1 0 5 4 2 0 8 2 5 9 82 1 : 0 7
N a m e M E T A I N F / M A N I F E S T . M F c l a s s e s _ c l a s s e s _ n a m e s c l a s s e s _ n c o m p
16. shutdown command examples Shutdown the system and turn the power off immediately.
#s h u t d o w nhn o w
Shutdown the system after 10 minutes.

#s h u t d o w nh+ 1 0
Reboot the system using shutdown command.

#s h u t d o w nrn o w
Force the filesystem check during reboot.

#s h u t d o w nF rn o w
16. ftp command examples Both ftp and secure ftp (sftp) has similar commands. To connect to a remote server and download multiple files, do the following.
$f t pI P / h o s t n a m e f t p >m g e t* . h t m l
To view the file names located on the remote server before downloading, mls ftp command as shown below.
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To view the file names located on the remote server before downloading, mls ftp command as shown below.
f t p >m l s* . h t m l/ f t p t e s t / f e a t u r e s . h t m l / f t p t e s t / i n d e x . h t m l / f t p t e s t / o t h e r t o o l s . h t m l / f t p t e s t / s a m p l e r e p o r t . h t m l / f t p t e s t / u s a g e . h t m l
17. ps command examples ps command is used to display information about the processes that are running in the system. While there are lot of arguments that could be passed to a ps command, following are some of the common ones. To view current running processes.
$p se f|m o r e
To view current running processes in a tree structure. H option stands for process hierarchy.
$p se f H|m o r e
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8/3/13