Basic Arabic

ARA 181
BASIC
ARABIC
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Course Code ARA181

Course Title Basic Arabic
Course Developer/ Writer Dr. Barihi Adetunji
ational !pen "niversit# o$ i%eria&
'a%os
(ro%ra))e 'eader Dr. A. *. Ah)ed
ational !pen "niversit# o$ i%eria&
'a%os.
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA
ii
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
ational !pen "niversit# o$ i%eria
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'a%os
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i%eria
e2)ail3 centralin$o4nou.edu.n%
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(ublished b#3
ational !pen "niversit# o$ i%eria 6778
*irst (rinted 6778
ISB3 8982708218020
All Ri%hts Reserved
iii
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
CONTENTS PAGES
Module 1 The Importane o! Ara"# Lan$ua$e%
the Ara"# Alpha"et& and #t& Form&''''1
"nit 1 The I)portance o$ Arabic 'an%ua%e::::.. 128
"nit 6 Arabic Short /o5els& Sukn, unation
;Tanwn<& 'on% /o5els& Diphthon%s& Double
Consonants& the =oon and Sun 'etters:::.. 17218
Module ( Ara"# Voa"ular) *e+elopment''''' (,

"nit 1 +ousehold Ite)s and Word Relatin% to
Da# to Da# Activities::::::::::. 67260
"nit 6 u)bers& Dates& the Da#s& the =onths& the
Weather and Season Divisions. ::::::. 6.268
"nit > +u)an Bod#& *ive Senses& Illness and
!ccupation::::::::::::::.. >72>6
"nit - So)e Arabic Custo)s& and ?ender
u)bers :::::::::::::::. >>2>8
"nit 0 The ature& Trees& Insects& Reptiles&
Inani)ate !bjects and Adjectives:::::.. >82->
"nit . *ood& /e%etables and *ruits& Drin@s&
Ban@ and (ost !$$ice::::::::::.. --2-.
Module - Grammar% Common .or/& and
Seleted At#+#t#e&'''''''''''0 12

"nit 1 (repositions& Adverbs and *urther
'essons on (ronouns ::::::::::. -9200
"nit 6 Co))on Words "sed in +ospital&
?overn)ent Service& Co))erce etc::::.. 0.208
"nit > Relative and Intero%ative (ronouns& and
Introduction to Sentence Construction::::082.>
"nit - Directions& =easure)ents& School
Subjects and (unctuation =ar@s::::::. .-2.9
Module 1 Short Ara"# Pa&&a$e&'''''''''00 34
"nit 1 *ive Selected (assa%es::::::::::.8296
"nit 6 Conversation and So)e Si)ple Arabic (oe)s 9>29.
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
MO*ULE 1 T5E IMPORTACE OF ARA6IC
LANGUAGE% T5E ARA6IC ALP5A6ETS
AN* ITS FORM
"nit 1 The I)portance o$ Arabic 'an%ua%e
"nit 6 Arabic Short /o5els& Su@un& unation ;Tanwn<& 'on%
/o5els& Diphthon%s& Double Consonants& the =oon and
Sun letters.
UNIT 1 T5E IMPORTANCE OF ARA6IC LANGUAGE
CONTENTS
1.7 Introduction
6.7 !bjectives
>.7 =ain Content
>.1 Brie$ +istor# o$ Arabic
>.6 The Arabic Alphabet
>.- *or) o$ Arabic 'etters
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
..7 Tutor =ar@ed Assi%n)ent
9.7 Re$erences/*urther Readin%s
10, INTRO*UCTION
A recourse to histor# o$ the advent o$ Isla) in i%eria sho5s the
position o$ Arabic as its o$$icial lan%ua%e. The i)pact o$ Arabic
lan%ua%e there$ore cannot be overe)phasiAed. In this unit& #ou are %oin%
to learn about the i)portance o$ Arabic lan%ua%e in understandin% and
assi)ilatin% Isla)ic @no5led%e in i%eria and in the 5orld.
(0, O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit& #ou should be able to3
appreciate the i)portance o$ Arabic as lan%ua%e o$ co))erce&
politics& culture& and correspondence in the 5orld histor#.
Identi$# the ortho%raph# o$ Arabic alphabets and its $or)
ac@no5led%e particular i)portance o$ Arabic lan%ua%e on the
sustainabilit# o$ the +ol# Qur'n and Isla).
ac@no5led%e the i)portance o$ Arabic on research and
docu)entation.
Identi$# Arabic as the lan%ua%e that has %reat in$luence on the
cross2$ertiliAation o$ science and civiliAation at the %lobal level.
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
%ive a brie$ histor# o$ Arabic
>.7 MAIN CONTENT
>.1 A 6r#e! 5#&tor) O! Ara"#
Arabic is the #oun%est o$ the Se)itic %roup o$ lan%ua%es. !ther
lan%ua%es that $all into this class include +ebre5& Ara)aic& S#riac&
"%aritic& Acadian& (hoenician& Ti%re& Ti%ina& A)haric and ?eeA. But
)arvelousl#& Arabic outlives the) all. *or instance& the "%aritic and
Acadian lan%ua%es have died lon% a%o 5hile Ara)aic& 5hich 5as& $or
centuries& the lin%ua $ranca o$ the Western Asia survives in its pristine
$or) onl#. Si)ilarl#& S#riac does thrive in its pri)itive $or) as at
present. *urther)ore& the +ebre5& one o$ the oldest Se)itic $a)il#
su$$ered untold ne%lect $or centuries be$ore and a$ter the appearance o$
(rophet Isa ;Besus& peace be unto hi)< and durin% the da#s o$ ?ree@ and
Ro)an po5er. The rise o$ Isla) and its spread $urther eclipsed the
lan%ua%e $or centuries be$ore it $inall#& $ound o$$icial shelter in Israel.
The Se)itic lan%ua%es o$ Cthiopia 5ere e,uall# con$ined to their areas
o$ ori%in and the# could not spread be#ond their environ)ent.
!ther lan%ua%es& 5hich are alien to the Se)itic $a)il# but 5hich also&
su$$ered the sa)e $ate as the $a)il# did include 'atin& ?ree@ and
Sans@rit. *or eDa)ple& 'atin& 5hich 5as the rich classical lan%ua%e that
pla#ed i)portant role in )edieval Curope& $inds little patrona%e in the
)odern 5orld. Si)ilarl#& ?ree@& 5hich 5as the )ost universal lan%ua%e
in the ancient ti)es& cannot be per$ectl# )aintained b# the ?reece
si)pl# because her i))ediate nei%hbours have no interest in the
lan%ua%e. As $ar as Sans@rit& 5hich 5as the ancient Indian lan%ua%e is
concerned& its popularit# does not to %o toda# be#ond the $our 5alls o$
the countr#.
!n the contrar#& there has not been an# established record o$ decline $or
Arabic. Thou%h& the ti)e o$ its e)er%ence is #et to be @no5n& its
popularit# dates bac@ to the Jhiliyyah ;barbaric& pri)itive< a%e o$ Arab
societ# and its popularit# 5as not unconnected 5ith the art o$ poetr#.
So)e o$ the Arabs o$ this a%e in particular 5ere %i$ted poets 5ho
co)posed poe)s brilliantl#. (art o$ such poe)s co)posed 5as @no5n
as the Mu'allaqt. It is said that the poetic co)petitions 5ere or%aniAed
a)on% the poets o$ di$$erent tribes o$ the societ#.
Bud%es 5ere appointed and elo,uence o$ the poets 5as used as criterion
$or selectin% the best poet. The poe)s o$ this period& at least a %reat
percenta%e o$ the)& 5ere not recorded until the third centur# o$ Isla).
The# used to be trans)itted onl#. The re)ains o$ the poe)s 5e have
toda# testi$# to the $act that Arabic had attained per$ection ri%ht $ro) its
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
e)er%ence and that it has not su$$ered an# vicissitudes.
+o5ever& the onl# lan%ua%e& 5hich can be considered to be at par 5ith
Arabic in ter)s o$ classical i)portance& richness and continuous
pro%ress and prosperit# $ro) the ti)e o$ its e)er%ence up to the present
ti)e& is Chinese lan%ua%e. But the supre)ac# o$ Arabic is discernible
$ro) the $act that )illions o$ Chinese )usli)s are )asters o$ Arabic
5hile )an# other )illions are aspirin% to learn the lan%ua%e.
=ean5hile& the i)portance o$ Arabic lan%ua%e is )ani$ested
internationall# and locall#. *irstl#& it is the lin%ua $ranca o$ over a
hundred )illion inhabitants o$ the =iddle Cast& 5hich lin@s three
separate continents ;A$rica& Asia and Curope< to%ether. In the earl#
period o$ the eDpansion o$ Isla)& the )usli)s ca)e in contact 5ith the
?ree@ and their sciences and throu%h the )ediu) o$ Arabic the# leaned
and recorded their sciences. The# even i)proved and standardiAed the
sciences. Then& the )usli)s %ot access into orth A$rica and later
crossed to Spain. It 5as at that ti)e that the )usli)s vi%orousl# pursued
@no5led%e. B# the )iddle o$ the ei%hth centur#& the Spanish )usli)
scholars travelled east5ard in ,uest o$ learnin%& 5hich 5as recorded in
Arabic and b# earl# eleventh centur# the reverse 5as the case. B# the
t5el$th centur#& Arabic )edicine and sciences had started $indin% their
5a# into Curope 5here the# 5ere translated $ro) Arabic to 'atin and
later to other Curopean lan%ua%es.
Thus& it is no %ain sa#in% the $act that Arabic is the vehicle $or the
eDchan%e and cross2$ertiliAation o$ sciences and civiliAation at the %lobal
level. In $act& the )odern civiliAation as 5ell as the )odern sciences
)i%ht not have eDisted& at least to the eDtent 5e have the) toda#& but $or
the laudable service o$ Arabic lan%ua%e& 5hich preserved their ori%in
and en%ineered their i)prove)ent and standardiAation. Cven in the 1.th
centur#& Dutch ph#sicianE 'aurentus *riseurs ar%ued that the stud# o$
Arabic is indispensable $or those 5ishin% to )a@e a career out o$
)edicine.
Secondl#& apart $or) placin% Arabic on e,ual pedestal 5ith other
international lan%ua%es li@e Cn%lish& *rench and ?er)an to )ention but
a $e5& Arabic has also %allantl# 5ithstood the test o$ ti)e& %ained 5ide
currenc# as an international lan%ua%e o$ co))erce& diplo)ac#& politics
and so on. Its universal reco%nition )ani$ested in the "nited ations
!r%aniAation ;"!<& the !r%aniAation o$ A$rican "nit# ;!A"<& the
!r%aniAation o$ (etroleu) CDportin% Countries ;!(CC< and the *ood
and A%riculture !r%aniAation ;*A!<.
While co))entin% on the si%ni$icance o$ Arabic as a universal
lan%ua%e& (ro$essor ?ir%is said3 FIn ter)s o$ the nu)ber o$ spea@ers and
>
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
eDtent o$ its in$luence& Arabic is b# $ar the )ost i)portant Se)itic
lan%ua%e toda# and )ust be re%arded as one o$ the i)portant 5orld
lan%ua%es.
Thirdl#& Arabic is speci$icall# i)portant to the )usli)s all over the
5orld because it is the lan%ua%e o$ their sacred boo@E Qur'n and
Sharah ;Isla)ic la5< in 5hich the tenets o$ their reli%ion are 5ritten.
Allah sa#s 3 _ _ _|
GWe revealed it as an Arabic Qur'n so that #ou )a#
understandF ;H1636<
_ o > O_Sg
FThus have We revealed it ;Qur'n< a decisive utterance in Arabic:.
;H1>3>9<
a_ a oj o_| j g
q_ a_ g q_o> __| g_>j u_
__;o
FWe @no5 indeed that the# sa#3 it is a )an that teaches hi)& the ton%ue
o$ 5hich the# 5ic@edl# re$er to is notabl# $orei%n 5hile this is Arabic&
pure and cleanF ;H1.317><.
It is ri%htl# noted that @no5led%e o$ Arabic is an indispensable pre2
re,uisite $or proper understandin% o$ Qur'n and other Isla)ic boo@s
since their translations cannot& 5ith ut)ost accurac#& conve# their real
)essa%es. This is so because in translatin% one lan%ua%e to another& it is
believed that a ,uarter o$ the conceptual value o$ the ori%inal lan%ua%e is
lost.
*urther)ore& practical use$ulness o$ Arabic cannot be over e)phasiAed.
It serves as a source o$ the vocabularies o$ so)e A$rican lan%ua%e. *or
instance S5ahli& the lan%ua%e 5idel# spo@en in Cast A$rica& has siDt#
percent o$ its 5ords and eDpressions ori%inatin% $ro) Arabic lan%ua%e.
Si)ilarl#& about $ort# percent o$ +ausa 5ords and eDpressions are $ro)
Arabic. *or instance3
Arabic +ausa =eanin%
Al-ahad Alahadi Sunday
Al-akhbar Labaari e5s
Jardah Jariida e5spaper
Iim Ilimi n!wl"d#"
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
In li@e )anner& a )inor percenta%e o$ Ioruba 5ords also ori%inated
$ro) Arabic lan%ua%e e.%
JKLMNOP
Arabic Ioruba =eanin%
QRSTMUOP
ar-ra d ara tunder
VWX
aba ab! return
QMSYVZP
al-amru alam!ri )atter/ essence
Q[V\]V^SOP
al-ba$al alub!$a onion
QJV_SàbSOP
al-%itnah %itina cala)it#
QJVVKacd]VNOP
al-a%iyat alaa%ia health
The lan%ua%e o$ West Curope still bears the i)prints o$ Arabic in$luence
in the $or) o$ nu)erous loan 5ords and concept3 Al%ebra ;al&abr<&
Cotton ;qutn<& Su%ar ;$ukar<& surcre2$rench& Aucchero2italian.
All these instances sho5 that Arabic had been the lan%ua%e o$ both
learnin% and co))erce $or centuries
Apart $ro) lin%uistic service& Arabic renders cultural service to A$rica.
The true records o$ A$rican histor#& 5hich the A$ricans the)selves can
proudl# call their o5n& 5as preserved b# the lan%ua%e. Thus& @no5led%e
o$ the lan%ua%e 5ill enable aspirin% scholars to drin@ deep into the parts
o$ the A$ricans le%ac# contained in the Arabic )anuscripts $ound in our
universities& archives and )useu)s.
*or the West A$rican countries that have diplo)atic relations 5ith so)e
Arab countries such as the "nited Arab Republic& the Republics o$
Sudan& Ira,& S#ria& 'ebanon& 'ib#a and the 1in%do) o$ Saudi Arabia
etc. Arabic is particularl# use$ul. The =inistries o$ In$or)ation and
CDternal A$$airs o$ such West A$rican Countries need Arabist to ensure
)utual understandin% and eDchan%in% o$ ideas a)on% the countries
involved in the diplo)atic relations. In addition to that& Arabic is
particularl# i)portant and use$ul to i%erian nationals because it
constitutes the native ton%ue o$ the Shu5a Arab& a tribe in Borno state.
In A$rica& it is the native lan%ua%e o$ countries li@e =orocco&
=auritania& Al%eria& 'ib#a& C%#pt& Sudan& and the Western Sahara. It
accounts $or about siD percent o$ its ori%inal 5ords and eDpression in
S5ahili lan%ua%es. In Asia it is the )ediu) o$ eDpression and
co))unication in countries li@e 'ebanon& Bordan& Sudan& S#ria& Saudi
Arabia& 1u5ait& Bahrain& Hatar. Ira,& (alestine& and Ie)en. In short&
apart $ro) bein% the lin%ua $ranca o$ )ore than one hundred )illion
peoples& it is also esti)ated that it is bein% used as litur%ical lan%ua%e b#
)ore than $our hundred )illion people.
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0101 The Ara"# Alpha"et
Arabic is 5ritten $ro) ri%ht to le$t. Arabic %raphic s#)bols have been
adopted b# and adapted $or )an# lan%ua%es spo@en b# )usli) nations&
$or eDa)ple "rdu in (a@istan& (ersian in Iran& and =ala# in =ala#sia.
+ausa lan%ua%e used Arabic s#)bols be$ore the advent o$ 5hite )en.
The t5o co))onest 5a#s o$ 5ritin% are 'a$khi nor)all# used in print
and $or)al 5ritin%s o$ten used in personal correspondences
The Arabic alphabet consists o$ the $ollo5in% 68 letters
Transliteration (ronunciation Arabi
c
letter
Transliteration (ronunciation Arabic
letter
e efdg h g iAli$
/+a)Aah
j
k kfg l B Bfg W
m mfg n T Tfg o
c c
A#n p Th Thfg q
?h ?ha#n r B Bs) t
* *f$ u v vfg w
H Hf$ x 1h 1hfg y
1 1f$ z D Dfl {
' 'f) | Dh Dhfl }
= =s) ~ R Rfg
n f#
+ +fg ] S Ssn
W Wfg Sh Shsn
I Ifg S fd
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-010( Form& o! Ara"# Letter&

In 5ritin% Arabic& the letters ta@e di$$erent $or)s accordin% to their
di$$erent positions in the 5ord3 5hether at the be%innin%& in the )iddle&
or at the end.
The $ollo5in% table sho5s the di$$erent $or)s o$ the letters o$ the
alphabet
Cndin%
position
=iddle
(osition
Be%innin%
a 5ord
Standin%
alone
Arabic
alphabet
d] d] P P P
] ]^] ]L W W
] ]`] ] o o
] ]] ] q q
] ]] ] t t
] ]] ] w w
] ]] ] y y
R] R] { { {
] ] } } }
M] M]
] ]
] ]] ]
] ]] ]
] ]\] ]
] ]] ] h h
] ]] ] l l
] ]] ] n n
-] ]N] ]T p p
] ]] ] r r
] ]b] ]c u u
] ]] ] x x
] ]] ] z z
[] ]] ]O | |
] ]] ]Y ~ ~
] ]_] ]
] ]] ] ] ]
] ]
] ]K] ]
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Note8
1. It 5ill be noted that in the table o$ the alphabet %iven above the
$ollo5in% siD letters are sho5n as capable o$ bein% joined to a
precedin% letter onl#.
}{P
"nder no circu)stance can the# be joined to a succeedin% letter.
6. When ali% is joined to lm the# are read to%ether& as lam-ali% and
5ritten thus . When both o$ the) are to%ether in the )iddle o$ a
5ord& the# are 5ritten thus ]
>. When the letter hfi ;< denotes the $e)inine endin% o$ nouns and
adjectives it is 5ritten 5ith t5o dots above ;< and pronounced FtF
this is @no5n as tg marbta. ;ta<
10, CONCLUSION
*ro) the discussions so $ar #ou have learnt the $ollo5in%3

Arabic as )ost i)portant )e)ber o$ the Se)itic %roup o$ lan%ua%es
It is the #oun%est and the onl# thrivin% lan%ua%e in the %roup.
Isla) has pla#ed vital roles on its survival till toda#
It is i)portant because it is the lin%ua $ranca o$ over one hundred
)illion inhabitants that cut across the %lobe.
It is also the vehicle $or the eDchan%e and cross2$ertiliAation o$
sciences and civiliAation at a point in the histor# o$ the 5orld.
It is placed on e,ual $ootin% 5ith other international lan%ua%es& b#
%ainin% 5ider currenc# as lan%ua%e o$ co))erce & diplo)ac#&
politics and so on
It is i)portant speci$icall# to the )usli)s all over the 5orld because
it is the lan%ua%e o$ their sacred boo@& the hol# Qur'n
It is there$ore an indispensable prere,uisite $or proper understandin%
o$ the Qur'n and other Isla)ic boo@s
Its lon% histor# o$ ac,uaintance 5ith other lan%ua%es especiall# in
A$rica has enhanced its %reat in$luence on the vocabular# o$ those
countries
It helps in the diplo)atic relations bet5een so)e Arabic spea@in%
countries in A$rica and Asia.
90, SUMMARY
In this unit& #ou have been eDposed to the i)portance o$ Arabic as an
international lan%ua%e and as a lan%ua%e $or the )usli)gs 5orship. In
addition & #ou have been able to see ho5 each o$ the Arabic letters loo@s
li@e 5hen even it stands alone& or 5hen it is joined to a 5ord either at
8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
the be%innin% & the )iddle or at the end. Iou are there$ore advised
stron%l# to )aster these letters be$ore #ou %o to the neDt unit.
30, TUTOR:MAR;E* ASSIGNMENT
1. 'ist $our )ajor i)portance o$ Arabic as an international lan%ua%e
6. Write all letters in Arabic alphabet in a descendin% order and
their correspondin% e,uivalents in Cn%lish.
20, REFERENCES<FURT5ER REA*INGS
Chejne& A. ?. ;18.9<. Th" Arabi( Lan#ua#") it$ r!l" in *i$t!ry,
=inneapolis3 "niversit# (ress.

+un5ic@& B. !. ;18.-<. FThe in$luence o$ Arabic in West A$rica3 A
(reli)inar# Surve#F in Tran$a(ti!n !% th" *i$t!ri(al S!(i"ty !%
+hana, ;T+S?<& v.ii.
=aAhar& =.A. ;1896<. Arabi() Th" S!ur(" !% all th" Lan#ua#"$,
endein3 Draus
/erstee%h& 1. ;1889<. Th" Arabi( Lan#ua#"& Cdinbur%h3 Ca)brid%e
"niversit# (ress.
8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT ( ARA6IC VO=ELS >S5ORT AN* LONG?%
NUNATION >TANWN? LONG VO=ELS%
*IPT5ONGS% *OU6LE CONSONANTS% T5E
MOON AN* SUN LETTERS
CONTENTS
1.7 Introduction
6.7 !bjectives
>.7 =ain Content
>.1 Arabic /o5els
>.6 The Short /o5els
>.> The 'on% /o5els *ur%u -l--Madd
>.- Sukn ;Huiescence<
>.0 unation
>.. Dipthon%s
>.9 The =oon and Sun 'etters
>.8 Double Consonants ;Shaddah<
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
..7 Tutor2=ar@ed Assi%n)ent
10, INTRO*UCTION
"nli@e in Cn%lish& Arabic vo5els are placed as a si%n above or belo5 a
letter and called vocaliAation and 5ithout the) the letters 5ill be
i)possible $or be%inners to pronounce. The vo5els are broadl# divided
into t5o& the short and the lon% vo5els. 1no5led%e o$ the short vo5els
5hich shall be introduced $irst in this unit& 5ill enhance ,uic@ and eas#
pronunciation o$ so)e si)ple 5ords introduced later in the unit.
This shall be $ollo5ed b# the eDtensive @no5led%e o$ the letters in
nunation $or) and their pronunciation& the prolon%ation o$ letters
throu%h the lon% vo5els and the introduction o$ the students to double
consonants. The )oon and sun letters especiall# in relation to the Arabic
de$inite article shall also be treated in this unit.
(0, O67ECTIVES

Reco%nise the vo5els& nunation& double consonants as 5ell as the
)oon and sun letters.
Read the 5ords 5ritten 5ith all the si%ns applied in vocaliAation.
17
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0, MAIN CONTENT
-01Ara"# Vo.el&
'etters o$ Arabic alphabet are all consonants. The# cannot be read
correctl# 5ithout the help o$ vo5els.
There are three short vo5els and three lon% vo5els in Arabic. "nli@e
'atin scripts& these vo5els are not letters. Certain si%ns placed on or
under the consonants concerned onl# represent the). This is @no5n as
.!(ali/ati!n,
-0(The Short Vo.el&
The short vo5els are as $ollo5s3

1. 0at-hah3 It sounds /a/ as in )ani and is represented in 5ritin% b#
a s)all slantin% stro@e placed on the consonant concerned.
*or eDa)ple
VW Vo VVq
To read the above eDa)ple 5e sa#
1i %at-ha /ba/
Ti %at-ha /ta/
Thi %at-ha /tha/
Vj VW Vo Vq
g a ba ta Tha
Vt Vw Vy V{
ja ha @ha da
V} V V V
dha ra Aa sa
V V Vh Vl
sha sa a ka
Vn Vp Vr Vu
a
c
a %ha $a
Vx Vz V| V~
,a @a la =a
V V] V V
na ha 5a Ia
6. a$rah3 It sounds /i/ as in Gpit and is represented in 5ritin% b# a
slantin% stro@e placed under the consonant concerned .
*or eDa)ple
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ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
aW ao aq
To read the above eDa)ple 5e sa#
12 ka$rah /bi/
T2 ka$rah /ti/
Th2 ka$rah /thi/
a aW ao aq
g i bi ti Thi
at aw ay a{
ji hi @hi di
a} a a a
dhi ri Ai si
a a ah al
shi si i ki
an ap ar au
i
c
i %hi $i
ax az a| a~
,i @i li =i
a a ] a a
ni hi 5i Ii
>. 3ammah3 It sounds /u/ as in FputF and is represented in 5ritin% b#
a gwaw'
Q placed on the consonant concerned
*or eDa)ple
QW Qo Qq
To read the above& 5e sa#
1i dammah /bu/
T2 dammah /tu/
Th2 dammah /thu/
Vj QW Qo Qq
g u bu tu Thu
Qt Qw Qy Q{
ju hu @hu du
Q} Q Q Q
dhu ru Au su
Q Q Qh Ql
shu u u ku
Qn Qp Qr Qu
u
c
u %hu $u
Qx Qz Q| Q~
,u @u lu =u
Q Q] Q Q
nu hu 5u #u
16
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0- The Lon$ Vo.el& @ 5urA!u BL :Madd
The lon% vo5els are represented b# addin% one o$ the letters @no5n in
Cn%lish as Gletters o$ prolon%ation and in Arabic as hur%- ial-maddi to
the consonants concerned a$ter the short vo5els have been put. The
letters o$ prolon%ation are3
1. P ;Ali% madd< )eanin% iali% o$ prolon%ation and correspondin% 5ith
al-%a-thah,
6. ;4fiu madd< )eanin% wfi o$ prolon%ation and correspondin% 5ith
damma
>. ;5fiu madd< )eanin% y2 o$ prolon%ation and correspondin% 5ith
ka$rah.
The lon% vo5els are prolon%ed t5ice the pronunciation o$ the short
vo5els. The# are as $ollo53
i. Al2%at-hah 5ith iali% madd3 It sounds // as in cari and is
represented b# a si)ilar stro@e o$ ial-%a-thah to%ether 5ith iali%
that $ollo5s the consonant concerned. X
*or eDa)ple
dL 5hich is spelt thus3 1f2 %at-hah ali% madd 6baa6
d 5hich is spelt thus3 Tf2 %at-hah ali% madd 6taa/
d 5hich is spelt thus 3 Thfi %at-hah ali% madd 6thaa6
ii. Al- ka$rah 5ith yf2u madd3 it sounds /ii/ as in sheepi and is
represented in 5ritin% b# a si)ilar stro@e 5ith ya2 $ollo5in% the
consonant concerned. *or eDa)ple3
aL 5hich is spelt) bf2 ka$rah ya2 madd 6 bii6
T 5hich is spelt) tf2 ka$rah ya2 madd 6tii6
a 5hich is spelt3 thi ka$rah #aiu madd /thii/
iii. 3ammah 5ith w madd. It sounds /uu/ as in booti
QL 5hich is spelt bf2 dammah waw madd 6 buu/
Q 5hich is spelt3 t2 dammah wa$ madd 6tuu/
Q 5hich is spelt3 th2 dammah waw madd 6thuu6
1>
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
When the consonant o$ the elon%ated %athah is Ali$ as in ~{X the si%n
o$ the %athah and the stressin% Ali% are to be replaced b# madda thus
;< over the2Ali% ,
The lon$ Fat:hah
En$l#&h Tran&lat#on Tran&l#terat#on Ara"#
A #outh Shbun WdV
It 5as lon% Tla |dV
Slept 'ma V~dV
To chan%e *la V|dV
To continue 3ma V~PV{
To deviate 7#ha VrPV
To be lost 8a VpdV
To aid / help +htha VqdV
The Lon$ ;a&rah
near qarb a MV
bi% kabr MKa^V
dear a// aVT
brie$ /Short wa&/ KaV
advanta%eous mu%d RKabQY
not heav# kha%% KabV
indication dall [aKOV{
$ar bad RKaNVL
The Lon$ Dammah
)ind con$usion 3huhl |QV}
re$utable mardd {Q{SMVY
suc@lin% ra#hth qQV
raised mar%u pQcSMVY
eDpectation ruqb WQV
cal)ness $ukn QQ
prevalence umm ~QT
$ood qt oQ
-01 Sukn >Cu#e&ene?
The absence o$ vo5els is indicated b# a si%n rese)blin% a s)all circle
on top o$ the consonant. This si% S is called G$ukn )eanin%
G,uiescence i.e. no sound uttered a$ter as the pronouncin% o$ the
consonant.
*or CDa)ple3
1-
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Wao is spelt as t2 ka$rah ti, b $ukun 6tib/
~V| is spelt as lmE %athhah l min $ukun 6lam6
|Qx is spelt as q% dammah qu lm $ukun 6qul6
It should be noted that $ukn does not start a 5ord in Arabic. It can onl#
be in the )iddle or at the $inal position in a 5ord. =ore eDa)ples o$
silent consonants are as $ollo53
Ara"# Tran&l#terat#on Ara"# Tran&l#terat#on
SWVj ab S[V hal
Sa $i% SVO lan
SQ khudh SMa sir
Sa qi% SQ Aur
SQO lu& S[aY )il
-09 Nunat#on
We have earlier treated three short vo5els in Arabic viA3 0at-hah
indicated b# V the ka$rah represented b# ;
<& and 3ammah is

si%ni$ied b#
E ho5ever& 5hen these vo5els are doubled the# produce

an e$$ect called TA'49' or nunation i.e. the sound is pronounced
thou%h it is not 5ritten. +ence& %at-hatan ;V< produces A& ka$ra-tan
;< produces I and dammatn ;Q< produces " sound. In addition&
apart $ro) closed ta2 ;ta2 marb:ah< 5hich bears onl# the double %a-tha
;JVaSQY<E all other letters 5ith double %at-ha )ust bear the addition o$ ali%
e.%. bT P
=ore CDa)ples on unation
Pronun#at#on Ara"#
Alpha"et
Pronun#at#on Ara"#
Alpha"et
an un in jajVj an in un hahVVh
ban bin bun WaWVVW an in un lal VVl
tan tin tun o aaoVVo an in un nanVn
than thin thun qaqVVq an in un p apVVp
jan ji jun tatt %han %hin %hun r aarVr
an in un wawVVw $an $in $un u auVVu
@han @hin
@hun
yayVVy ,an ,in ,un x axV Vx
dan din dun {aa{VV{ @an @in @un zazz
dhan dhin
dhun
} a}} lan lin lun |a||
10
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
ran rin run a )an )in )un ~a~~
Aan Ain Aun a nan nin nun aV
san sin sun a han hin hun a
shan shin shun a 5an 5in 5un a
han in un a #an #in #un a
-03 *#pthon$&
Diphthon% is a co)bination o$ t5o sounds or vo5el letters e.%. the
sounds o$ !u in out and !y in bo# are diphthon%s. With the si%n o$ $ukn
and the 5ea@ consonants % and s 5e can thus )a@e t5o diphthon%s
co)posed o$ a short Ga $ollo5ed b# a vo5el less # or s 5hich in
pronunciation )ust be %iven $ull consonantal value e.%. VL ba5 and VL
bay. Thus aw and ay are al)ost identical 5ith !u#h in bou%h and i#h in
bi#ht.
-02 *ou"le Con&onant& >Shaddah?
I$ t5o identical consonants co)e to%ether and are not separated b# a
vo5el onl# one is 5ritten 5ith above it. This is called $haddah
or stren%thenin%. Thus& 5e have3
Mean#n$ Ara"#
to dra%& dra5 S MV $or MV
to pour out S^ $or UV
to s)ell SV $or V
to $lee& escape SMV c $or M]Vc
to solve ;proble)< [SV $or [V
to thin@ about MVSVc $or VM]UVc
to clean VS V $or VU V
to co)b VSVY $or VUVY
to arran%e VSV $or UV
to train& drill WVS V{ $or VWU V{
/o5elless dental consonants are %enerall# assi)ilated to a $ollo5in% o
;t< the $irst bein% 5ritten 5ithout an# si%n and the second received
$haddah e.%. xoR $or oSRQ )eans I l"d. A vo5el less ;n< assi)ilates to
a $ollo5in% | ;l< letter in pronunciation or actuall# in 5ritten as in the
conju%ation Vj alla SVj anla ;that not< and a $or S inla ;i$ not&
other5ise<.
-04 The Moon and Sun Letter&
The particle al |Vj in Arabic is added to nouns to )a@e the) de$inite. *or
eDa)ple kitb WdVà )eans a boo@E al-kitb WdVàSOP )eans the boo@.
1.
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
The Arabic alphabets are divided into =oon letters& ial-hur%-ul-
qamariyyah and sun letters& ial-hur%-a$h-$ham$iyyah.
In the case o$ nouns startin% 5ith )oon letters& the de$inite article is
pronounced in $ull 5hile the l is dropped in that o$ sun letters.
Noun& Start#n$ =#th Moon Letter&
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Tran&l#terat#on Ara"#
the needle ial2iibrah Q VM]SLPj
the co5 ial2ba,arat Q VMV]V^S OPW
the )ountain ial2jabal Q[V^]V ]SOPt
the stone ial2hajar MVV]SOPw
the bread ial2@hubA Q]S^]QSOPy
the hone# ial2asal Q[]VVN]S OPp
the stran%er ial2%harsb Q S]aMV]S OPr
the )ouse ial2$air Q S]Vb]SOPu
the )oon ial2,a)ar Q M]V]VSOPx
the cup ial2@aisu Q S]V]SOPz
the @in% ial2)al@ QS]VSOP~
the cat ial2hirr M]]a]SOP
the docu)ent ial25aths,ah QJVSK]aV]SOP
the hand ial2#ad R]]VK]SOP
Noun Start#n$ =#th Sun Letter&
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Tran&l#terat#on Ara"#
the cro5n 2at-ta& QtdU ÒPo
the $oD 2ath-thalab QV]SN]UOPq
the buc@et 2ad-dalw ]SOUR]OP{
the $l# 2adh-dhubb QWdV]LOP}
the letter 2ar-ri$lah QJ]VOdV ]MOP
the butter 2a/-/ubd QR]SL ]OP
the roo$ 2a$-$ath Q-]S UOP
the police )an 2a$h-$hurtiyyu a SM]OP
the soap 2a;-;abun QQLd]U\OP
the estate 2ad-di%daah QJ]TRSbU]OPh
the sta)p 2a:-:abiu Q-]aLdU]OPl
the envelop 2a<-<ar% QuSM]UOPn
the )il@ 2al-laban QV^]UOP|
the carpenter 2an-na&r Qd]V U_OP
10,CONCLUSION
19
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Iou )ust have leant the $ollo5in% in this unit3
The Arabic short vo5els and their pronunciation on t5o& three& and
)ore than three letter 5ords.
The position o$ $ukn in an Arabic 5ord and its pronunciation.
+o5 to reco%niAe the lon% vo5els and the )ethod o$ its articulation.
The diphthon%s and the double consonants as 5ell as the )oon and
sun letters.
+o5 to read si)ple 5ords in Arabic& $ull# vocaliAed 5ith all the
si%ns introduced.
+o5 to 5rite Arabic letters in a connected )anner at the be%innin%&
)iddle and end o$ the 5ord.
90,SUMMARY
We have dealt eDtensivel# 5ith the preli)inar# aspect o$ our stud# o$
Arabic. It is eDpected that thorou%h )aster# o$ all Arabic 5ords
provided and the abilit# to read the) $luentl# are necessar# pre2re,uisite
$or proper understandin% o$ subse,uent units.
..7 TUTOR:MAR;E* ASSIGNMENT
1. Write a short note on Tanwn,
6. Distin%uish bet5een =oon and Sun 'etters.
>. ?ive t5o eDa)ples each o$ the 5ords vocaliAed 5ith3
;a< Short vo5els
;b< 'on% vo5els
;c< Diphthon%s
;d< unation
;e< Shaddah
-. Re25rite the $ollo5in% 5ords in joined $or).
;a< WPoz
;b< ux
;c< }~|o
;d< {~
;e< ~
;$< |P|
;%< |~t
;h< ~|z
;i< {|
;j< pP
18
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
9.7 REFERENCES < FURT5ER REA*INGS
Adeniji& B. ! and +a)eed& !.!. ;6777<. A e5 Approach to the Arabic
'au%ua%e $or schools and Colle%es& Abeo@uta3 at Ta##ibun
Isla)ic !utloo@.
A n"w A==r!a(h t! th" Arabi( Lan#ua#" %!r S(h!!l$ and >!ll"#"$.
Abeo@uta3 at2Ta##ibun Isla)ic outloo@.
=aAhar& =.A. ;1896<. Arabi(, th" S!ur(" !% all th" Lan#ua#"$. eidein.
Draus (ublishers.
18
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
MO*ULE ( ARA6IC VOCA6ULARY *EVELOPMENT
"nit 1 +ouse2hold Ite)s and Words Relatin% to Da# to Da#
Activities
"nit 6 u)bers& Dates& the Da#s& the =onths& the Season
Divisions d
"nit > +u)an Bod#& *ive Senses& Illness and !ccupation.
"nit - So)e Arabic Custo)s& ?reetin%s and ?ender u)bers.
"nit 0 The ature& Trees& Insects. Reptiles& Inani)ate !bjects
and so)e Arabic Adjectives.
"nit . *ood& /e%etables& *ruits& Drin@s& Ban@s and (ost !$$ice
UNIT 1 5OUSE:5OL* ITEMS AN* =OR*S
RELATING TO *AY TO *AY ACTIVITIES
CONTENTS
1.7Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 Co))on Words at +o)e
>.6 Co))on 5ords in the @itchen
>.> Co))on Words in the School
>.- Co))on Words in the Boo@shop
>.0 Co))on Words in the *ar)
>.. =e)bers o$ the *a)il#
>.9 a)e o$ So)e Ani)als
>.8 a)e o$ So)e Birds
>.8 Co))on 5ords in Sport
>.17 So)e Co))on verbs
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
..7 Tutor =ar@ed Assi%n)ent ;T=A<
10, INTRO*UCTION
This unit introduces #ou o the learnin% o$ co))on vocabularies that are
peculiar to various pro$essions& environ)ent& ti)e and concepts. It is
)eant to enrich #our @no5led%e on spo@en and 5ritten Arabic.
(0, O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this stud#& #ou are eDpected to have learnt the $ollo5in%.
67
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
a)es o$ various ite)s that are uni,ue to speci$ic )atters and
environ)ent
So)e co))on verbs that are used $or da# to da# activities.
-0, Ma#n Content
-01 Common =ord& At 5ome
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"# En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"#
house |a]S_VY slab JVV VL
5indo5 V]acdV )ailboD aRaM]V^SOPQxQRS_Q
shutter aWdV^S OPQpPV MS\aY balcon# J]VcSM]Q
bell VM]V bench RVN]S]VY
loc@ []Vb]V tree VM]V ]V
stair tSQ{ %rass ]Q]QT
roo$ ]S V @e# wd]V`]SbaY
%arden J]VSaRV $ence tdVK]a
shel$ uV bathroo) ~d]VV]V
chair aSMQ ceilin% ]S]V
telephone adV corridor xPVQ
Bas@et J]V iron PV]S]aY
$urnished house QMSb]VYVSVY air conditionin% aPV]VSOPQK]a KSV
%ara%e aVV dK]UOPQVMS KaV upstairs aS]QNOSPQ]aLU dOP
sin@ JV]VS]VY clothes WS]V
sittin% roo) aQQSOPQJ]V cSM]Q closet J]VPV]a
chi)ne# R]aS]VY couch J]V]S aVj
librar# J]V]^V`S]VY curtain VdV `]V
bedroo) a~S]U _OPQ J]VcSM]Q broo) JV]V_SaY
pillo5 V{dVa apart)ent J]U]Q
)irror XSM]VY electrical
5irin%s
Q JVKadVLV MSVSOPQzVSVZP
)attress PVM]a c Carpet V{d]UV
-0( Common =ord& In The ;#then
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"# En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"#
@itchen V^SVY saucepan SR]a
re$ri%erator J]V VV tea@ettle aSVQ]Sa MSLa
oven SM]V c bo5l JVaR]SLQ
table J]VOaVd utensil J]VK]aX
cupboard JVPV]V $r#in% pan VS]aY
sin@ aPVVZPQ[VS]VY @ni$e Kaa
61
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
dish ]S V spoon JV]VNSaY
%lass S ]V plate ]V ^]V
su%ar2bo5l J]VaMS]Q tra# JV]Ka _]SKa
co@in% pan VM]V ]S_V %as stove dVQR]aS]VY
@ettle J]VV]V bottle JV_]SKa_]V
$ilter d]VbS\aY broo) QJV]V_SaSOP
dust Q uQVdS OP $ol@ J]VS]V
electric stove adVLV M]SVQR]aSVY
-0- Common =ord& In The Shool
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"# En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"#
school J]VV SRVY pen V V
classroo) [S \Vc eDercise J]VPU MQ
sta$$roo) VSKaVRQS OPQV MSQ boo@ WdVà
principalis o$$ice aRSKaVNSOPQV`SVY ruler VM]VSaY
laborator# []VSNVY blac@board VQ^V
librar# JV^]V`S]VY chal@ MKadV^V
asse)bl# hall a pdVa`SaPQJVOdV duster JVUQ
principal QRSKaVNSOP pupil ;)ale< ]KaS a
vice2principal aRSKaVNSOPQadV student ;)ale< aOdV
senior2tutor Q|UVjQVRQY pupil ;$e)ale< VKaSa
teacher VNQYQ VRQY student ;$e)ale< JVâ OdV
)istress JVVNQY JVVRQY $ello5 [KaYV
-01 Common =ord& In The 6oo/&hop
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"# En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"#
boo@s Q `]Q %lobe JVKaSV jQ UMQ
pens M]S â~VS Vj in@ M]Sâ
pencil dVV QV V in@2pot VMV ^SY
arith)etic boo@ WdVaQWdVà dictionar# QYdV
science boo@ ~QQTQWdVà cop#2boo@ MV`]S cV{
histor# aa dVQWdVà $ountain pen [adVMS âQV V
%ra))ar boo@ aRaTPVVQ WdVà stapler JVdV^V
readin% boo@ aaVPVMaQWdVà paper2rea) xV VQQTdVY
paper J]VV V stor# J]U\a
ruler VMV SaY envelope uV]a
chal@ QS^V novels QodVPV MOP
poetr# MSNa bulletins QoPVMVU _OP
blac@2board {VS VjwSVO )a%aAine QoUVVSOP
)ap J]VSa MV adventure stories aoPVMVYdVQSOPQV\a
duster dVSQY
66
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-09 Common =ord& In The Farm
En$l#&h Tran&lat#on Ara"#
$ar) J]TV S]VY[]SV
ve%etables M]SQ
$ruit J]VadVc
beans |]QQL
$ar)er wUVc
tree VM]VV
branch pS M]Vc
pal)2tree J]V]SV
-03 Mem"er& o! The Fam#l)
$a)il# JVadVT )other2in2la5 dVV
$ather WVj dau%hter2in2la5 J]U_a
)other ~Qj step$ather ~Q ZPQtSV
dau%hter JV_]S LP step)other WVZPQJVSV
brother yVj husband tSV
sister SQj 5i$e JVSV
%rand$ather RV sin%le ;)ale< Q WQSTVj
%rand)other URV sin%le ;$e)ale< Q dVLSVT
%randson RKabV en%a%ed WSQ SVY
%randdau%hter VRKabV spinster adVT
uncle ;related to
)other<
|dV $ianc S KaV
uncle ;related to
$ather<
VT $iance JV^SKaV
aunt ;related to
)other
JVOdV )arried tVVV`QY
aunt ;related to
$ather<
JUVT divorced U]VQY
cousin ;)ale< VTQ]SLP 5ido5er [VYSV j
cousin ;$e)ale< VTQJ]V_]S LP 5ido5 J]VVYSV j
cousin ;)ale< |dVQS LP bride2%roo) Sa MVT
cousin ;$e)ale< |dVQQJ]V_]S LP bride QMVT
nephe5 yVjQSLP )arria%e Q udVca QtPVa
nephe5 SQjQS LP en%a%e)ent QJ]V^]Sa
niece yVjQ J]V_]SLP 5eddin% SM]QTudV ca
brother2in2la5 QM]Sa t5in ~VjS]V
sister2in2la5 aVSOPQJV_]S LP 5eddin% rin% a ud]Vc OPQ JV]SLV{
$ather2in2la5 QSV bachelor Q\V
6>
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-02 Name o! Some An#mal&
En$l#&h Ara"# En$l#&h Ara"#
lion RVVj polar bear aSVOPWQ{
rabbit V SVj 5ol$ ]Sa}
sna@e VN]S cVj %ira$$e J]VcPV V
co5 VMV]VL h#ena -]S ^V
)ule [V]L %oat V ]S_VT
o5l ~QL %aAelle / beer |PV]V
crocodile wdV]Sa )are/horse VM]V c
$oD VSN]V leopard R]SVc
ca)el []V]V elephant [SK]ac
house dV\]a )on@e# {SM]a
pi% Ma]S_a do% S]V
ra) S^]V cat M]a
lioness V]Q^]VO o@api WdVVj
ti%er Ma]V 5ater bu$$alo adVSOPQQYdV
e5e JV]SNV otter aVdSOPQV]SNV
-04 Name o! Some 6#rd&
(arrot dV]S^VL crane aSMV
ni%htin%ale [Q^S]QL ea%le M]SV
duc@ J]U ]VL ostrich J]VYdVN]V
%old$inch Q]QV hoopoe R]Q SR]Q
pi%eon JVYdV]V bat lPVSV
coc@ ]S a { %oose U V
hen JVdVV{ 5hine hat ]aNSK]V]Q
peacoc@ Qd]V deer xPV]S V
cro5 WPV M]Q partrid%e [V ]V
butter$l# JVPV M]Vc pelican -VVL
$alcon MS]V ,uail VS]V
sail$ish Q K]abVV s5allo5 QbS\QT
sna@ebird aPVVN]S cVj M]aVd tur@e# V^VQa {
-0D Common =ord& #n Sport
$ootball a~VRVOSPQUMQ $ield PV RSK]VY
%oals QuPV RSVj %ol$ VOSV
bas@etball aJUOPQUMQ boDin% JV]VVQY
volle#ball aVMa UdOPQU M]Q ph#sical
eDercise
QJUKaVRV ^SOPQ JVdV MOP
handball RVKSOPQUMQ c#clin% aodV PVUROPQWQQ
6-
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
5restlin% JVTVdV\SOP $ishin% aVUOPQRSKV
tennis Qa_U ÒP hi%h ju)p aOdVNSOPQ]SbV]SOP
horse ridin% [SKVSOPQWQQ hoc@e# aS]VSOP
-01, Some Common Ver"&
+e ate V[VVj +e dran@ VWa MV
+e sat V VV +e arrived V~aRV
+e 5atched V VMV +e accepted V[a^V
+e studied V VV{ +e lau%hed VaV
+e tied VV LV +e rode VaV
+e entered V[V V{ to be heav# V[Q]V
+e read VjV M]V to be abundant VM]Q]V
+e eDplained VwV MV to be nice VQ]V
+e 5as ill V haMVY to be eas# V[QV
+e 5rote Va ^VO to be di$$icult VQN]V
+e $or%ot VaV to be s5eet VWQVT
10, CONCLUSION
Iou )ust have learnt in this unit so)e 5ords that are peculiar to various
places& ani)als& pro$essions and sports.
90, SUMMARY
This unit has dealt 5ith )an# co))on vocabularies that are necessar#
$or the stud# o$ so)e i)portant issues in subse,uent units.
1< =ention $ive 5ords each that are co))on to the $ollo5in%3
i. ho)e
ii. school
iii. sports
6< 'ist ten verbs and their translation in Cn%lish
20, REFERENCES<FURT5ER REA*INGS
Cl2?e)ei& =.=. ;1897<. Arabi( 1!!k %!r '!n-Arab$& Cairo3 al2Ahrf)u
t2Tijfri##ah press
+ashi)& A. ;18.8<. Arabi( Mad" ?a$y& 'ahore3 Ashra$ (rintin% (ress.
60
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT ( NUM6ERS% *ATES% T5E *AYS% T5E
MONT5S% T5E =EAT5ER AN* T5E SEASON
CONTENTS
1.7 Introduction
6.7 !bjectives
>.7 =ain Content
>.1 u)bers
>.1.1 The Real u)bers
>.1.6 The !rdinal u)ber
>.6 The Dates
>.> The Da#s
>.- The =onth
>.0 The Weather
>.. The Season
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
The unit introduces #ou to both the real and ordinal nu)bers& da#s o$ the
5ee@ and the )onths o$ the #ear& 5eather / seasons shall be discussed
and the division o$ thin%s into parts.
(0, O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit& #ou should be $a)iliar 5ith3
u)berin% s#ste) in Arabic
Arabic na)es $or dates& da#s o$ the 5ee@& )onths& 5eather and parts.
-0, MAIN CONTENT
-01 Num"er&
-0101 The Real Num"er&
one RaPV ei%hteen VMVVTVJVKadVV
t5o QdV_S P nineteen V MVVTVJVNSa
three JVV V t5ent# VQMSaT
$our JVNV LSVj thirt# VQVV
6.
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
$ive JVS]V $ort# VQNV LSVj
siD JUà $i$t# VQdVV
seven JVNS^V siDt# Và
ei%ht JVKadVV sevent# VQNS^V
nine JVNSa ei%ht# VQdVV
ten VMVVT ninet# VQNSa
eleven VMVVTVRSP hundred JV daY
t5elve V MVVTdV_S P t5o hundred adV`VaY
thirteen V MVVTVJVV V three hundred JV daQVV
$ourteen VMVVTVJVNVLSV j one thousand SOVj
$i$teen V MVVTVJV]SV t5o thousand adVbSOVj
siDteen VMVVTVJVà one )illion QQKSaY
seventeen V MVVTVJVNS^V t5o )illion adVQKSaY
-010( The Ord#nal Num"er
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"# En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"#
*irst Q|UVZP seventh VMVVTQ-aLdU OP
second a dUOP ei%hteenth VMVVTQaYdU OP
third QaOdU OP nineteenth M]VVTQ -adUÒP
$ourth Q-aLPUMOP t5entieth VQMSaNSOP
$i$th QaYdVSOP t5ent#2$irst VQMSaNSOPVa{dVSOP
siDth Qa{dUOP t5ent#2second VQMSaNSOPVadU OP
seventh Q-aLdU OP t5ent#2third VQMSaNSOPVQ aOdUOP
ei%hth QaYdU OP t5ent#2$ourth VQMSaNSOPVQ -aLPU MOP
ninth Q-adU ÒP thirtieth VQVUOP
tenth QMadVNSOP $ortieth VQNVLSV ZP
eleventh VMVVTa{dVSOP $i$tieth VQSV SOP
t5el$th VMVVTadU OP siDtieth VÒP
thirteenth VMVVTQ aOdUOP seventieth VQNSÛ OP
$ourteenth VMVVTQ -aLPU MOP ei%htieth VQdVUOP
$i$teenth VMVVTQaYdV SOP ninetieth VQNS ÒP
siDteenth VMVVTQa{dUOP one hundredth QJV daSOP
-0( The *ate&
da# ~SV in the )ornin% ddV ^V
5ee@ pQ^SQj at noon PMSQ
)onth MSV in the a$ternoon a MSOPVRSNVL
#ear JV_V one ,uarter o$
an hour
aJVTdV Q -SLQ
da#ti)e dVV hal$ an hour aJVTdV Q S\a
ni%ht [SKVO season [S \Vc
69
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
to)orro5 PVRV hal$ a #ear JV_V Q S\a
#esterda# JVadV^SOP )id2da# adVU_OPQa\V`S_QY
hour JVTdV )id2ni%ht a[S KUOPQa\V`S_QY
)o)ent JVS VO dail# aYSV
)inute JVSKaV{ leap #ear JVS K]a^V JV_V
second JVKadV sunrise aSUOPQxQ MQ
in the evenin% dVVY sunset aSUOPQWQMQ
-0- The *a)&
En$l#&h Ara"#
=onda# aSKV_]S aPQ~SV
Tuesda# adV VOPQ~SV
Wednesda# adVNaLSV ZPQ~SV
Thursda# aSKaVSOPQ~SV
*rida# aJVNSQSOPQ~SV
Saturda# a SÛOPQ~SV
Sunda# a RSVZPQ~SV
-01 The Month
Month& #n the
En$l#&h
Calendar
Tran&l#terat#on Month& o! the
A&&)r#an
Calendar
Month& #n the
I&lam#
Calendar
Banuar# Q MadV_V adUOPQQVd ~U MVQY
*ebruar# Q MaPV MS^Vc Q ldU^Q Q MVbV
=arch QS dVY Q PV}X a|UV ZPQ -KaLV
April Q[a MSLP QdVKa adU OPQ -KaLV
=a# SVdVY Q dUj VOVSQZPV{dVQ
Bune SVKa Q aPVMSa V JV KadUOPV{dVQ
Bul# SVKaOQ QV Q VV
Au%ust S QSQVj Q WX QdV^SNV
Septe)ber S Ma^SV`S^V Q|QS Vj dVVYV ;)onth
o$ $astin%<
!ctober SMa LV`SQj a|UV ZPQaMS a |PVV
ove)ber S Ma^SVcQ adUOPQaMS a aVRSNVSOPQ}
Dece)ber S Ma^SVSa{ a|UV ZPQQVd JUQ SOPQ} ;)onth
o$ +ajj<
-09 The =eather
cli)ate QydV_Q Y rain MVVY
5eather QSV sno5 S V
air QPVV cold {SMV L
68
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
5ind Qa rainbo5 wVVQQSV
breeAe QKa V ice RKaV
s@# QdVV thunder RSTV
horiAon Q cVj stor) JVadVT
cloud JVSKV 5et SV
$o% WdV ^V sunn# QaSQY
de5 -KaV hu)idit# JVLQQ
-03 Sea&on *#+#&#on
En$l#&h Ara"#
Autu)n Q aMV SOP
Winter Q dVàOP
Sprin% Q -KaLU MOP
Su))er Q SKU\OP
10, CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have learnt the t5o t#pes o$ nu)bers 2 the real and the
ordinal. Iou have also learnt the seven da#s in a 5ee@E the t5elve
)onths in a #earE the various t#pes o$ 5eather and the $our seasons.
90, SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith $ive di$$erent ite)s that are use$ul in our proper
understandin% in our da# to da# activities.
30,TUTOR MAR;E* ASSIGNMENT
1. Count $ro) 1 67 in Arabic
6. Write $ro) 67 -7 in Arabic.
>. =ention the seven da#s o$ the 5ee@.
-. +o5 )an# )onths are there in Arabic calendar =ention the).
20,REFERENCES < FURT5ER REA*INGS
ajsb& D. ;677.<. Arabi( Lan#ua#" %!r 0!r"i#n"r$, Beirut3 Aliahli##ah
(ress.

/erstee%h& 1. ;1889<. Th" Arabi( Lan#ua#", Cdinbur%h3 Ca)brid%e
"niversit# (ress.
68
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT - 5UMAN 6O*Y% FIVE SENSES% ILLNESS AN*
OCCUPATION
CONTENTS
1.7 Introduction
6.7 !bjectives
>.7 =ain Content
>.1 (arts o$ the Bod#
>.6. *ive Senses
>.> Illness
>.- !ccupations and Their Tools
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
In this unit #ou 5ill be eDposed to Arabic na)es o$ hu)an bod#& )anis
$ive senses& illness / ail)ent and various occupations.
(0, O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit& #ou 5ill be able to3
list the Arabic na)es o$ various parts o$ the bod# and the $ive sense
or%ans
identi$# and eDplain the various na)es o$ ail)ents in Arabic
list about the na)es o$ various occupations
-0, MAIN CONTENT
-01 Part& o! the 6od)
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"# En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"#
head Q SjUMOP hair Q MSNUOP
$orehead QJVS^V SOP ears QS}QZP
e#es QSKVNSOP $ace Q SVSOP
chee@ RV SOP nose Q SVZP
nostrils Q~QKV SOP chin QSUOP
)outh QVbSOP lips QJVUbVOP
ton%ue QdVOP teeth QdV_SV ZP
nec@ Q JV^SU MOP shoulder Q S`VSOP
>7
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
hand QRVKS OP chest Q SRU\OP
breast QSRU OP abdo)en QSV^S OP
naval Q VM]OP thi%h Q aVbSOP
@nee Q JV^SMOP $oot Q~VRVOP
an@le QSNVOP s@ull QJVQSQ
$in%er Q -V^Sa elbo5 Q VcSMaY

-0( The F#+e Sen&e&
En$l#&h Ara"#
touch QSUOP
hearin% Q-SUOP
si%ht QMV\VÔP
s)ell QUOP
taste QxSUOP
-0- Illne&&
pain -SV abscess Q[VYQ{
diAAiness Q JVSV{ 5ound QwSMQ
collie QSVY cou%h JVSNV
diarrhea Q|dVSa du)b Q VMSVj
headache pPVRQ dea$ VVjQVMSV j
co))on cold SV blind VSTVj
$ever VQ la)e QtVMSTVj
)easles JV^]S\V cancer QVdS MQ
s)all2poD aS RQ diabetes aMVQ
lepros# VMV L paral#ses QaOdVc
-01 Oupat#on& and The#r Tool&
Carpenter QdVU_OP
En$l#&h Ara"#
sa5 dVS_aY nail dVSaY
join VSV c eDtractor JVTV]S_aY
%lue VdVQ padloc@ [SbV
ha))er PVMV c 5i)ble V]SaY
Blac@s)ith Q{PURVSOP
pic@aDe |VSNaY anvil QPVRS _a
aDe SVc $ire @indlin% adU _OPQ[S KaNSV
pu)p ydVbS_aY $urnace VQ
Tailor QlU dKV
collar JVdV trousers |PVSMaVQQS_V L
>1
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
dress ~PVRS_a sleeves ~dVSVj
5aistcoat VS RV dress dV`SQc
Other oupat#on&
en%ineer aR_VQY la5#er aYdVQY
barber xU V shoe )a@er acdVSP
trader Ma dV $ar)er wVVc
hunter {dU KV teacher VRQY
editor MaMS VQKaV driver adV
10, CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have learnt about the Arabic na)es $or various parts o$
the bod# in Arabic& the $ive senses and various na)es o$ ail)ents and
occupations.
90, SUMMARY
In this unit& $ocus has been Arabic na)es $or hu)an bod# parts& the $ive
senses& illnesses and occupations.
1. What is the na)e %iven to the $ollo5in% in Arabic
;a< A doctor ;b< An editor ;c< A collar ;d< A pu)p
;e< An aDe
6. a)e $ive parts o$ the bod# in Arabic.
>. =ention $ive illnesses in Arabic
20, REFERENCES < FURT5ER REA*ING
Abdul Babbfr& ". ;.D< al-Jadd %it-Takh:ub wat-tabr, Boo@s I II&
Cairo3 Dar2al2 =aifri$
CAAat& =. ;188><. ?."ryb!dy2$ >!n."r$ati!nal ?n#li$h, Cairo3 Dar
=e)phis (rintin% (ress.
>6
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT 1 SOME ARA6IC CUSTOMS AN* GREETINGS%
GEN*ER NUM6ERS IN ARA6IC GRAMMAR
CONTENTS
1.7 Introduction
6.7 !bjectives
>.7 =ain Content
>.1 Arabic Custo)s
>.6 Arabic ?reetin%s
>.> ?ender u)bers
>.>.1 =asculine and *e)inine ?ender
>.- Sin%ular& Dual and (lural
>.-.1 Bro@en (lural
>.-.6 Sound =asculine (lural
>.-.> Sound *e)inine (lural
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
There are so )an# 5a#s throu%h 5hich the Arabs eDpress courtes#. The
)ode o$ %reetin%s and custo)s o$ the Arabs are dealt 5ith in this unit. It
also $ocuses on the nu)bers in Arabic %ra))ar. We shall distin%uish
bet5een sin%ular& dual and plural.
(0,O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit& #ou 5ill be able to3
CDpress #oursel$ in a si)ple )anner o$ %reetin%s in Arabic
'ist and eDplain the %ender and nu)ber in Arabic %ra))ar.
-0, MAIN CONTENT
-01 Ara"# Cu&tom&
I$ #ou please VSVVVP}aVSVVSVO
(lease VzQSV jVaSVcSaY
Than@s P MSQ
ot at all PSbVT
CDcuse )e a_SaYdVaSaSTV jaS aPVQV
Sorr# aX
>>
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0( Ara"# Greet#n$&
(eace be upon #ou VUVja cSQSKVVTQ~VUOP<
?ood )ornin% a MSKVS OPQwdV^V
?ood evenin% aMS KVSOPQdVVY
?ood ni%ht MSKVVVTVQa^S \QQa^S\Q
?ood b#e ;$are5ell< aJVVYVUOPV-VYdTPV{a
+app# ne5 #ear ^ K]`]j MSKVaLSQ`SVjV~dVT[Q
I$ ?od 5ills or i$ ?od 5ishes PVdV S
?ood luc@ All the best MSKV U[QVVOU_VV VjPRKaNVd V
Sa# peace to #our $a)il# $or )e Va`VadVTVOaaYVVS VL
I 5ill be seein% #ou be$ore lon% dâ MVadVOPVOa
Con%ratulations on #our success Va dVV_aLVQ_V Qj
+o5 are #ou toda# V~SVKS OPVQOdVVSKV
I a) $ine& than@s PMSQQ ~PVMQ dVYVVTa
Is the $a)il# all ri%ht Q~PVMQ dVYVVTQ JVadVNSOPS[V
We are 5ell& than@ #ou VzQMQSVj MSKVa LdNKaVdUa
-0- Gender Num"er&
-0-01 Ma&ul#ne and Fem#n#ne Gender UVQSOPVQMUVQSOP
?enders in Arabic are t5o t#pes the# are MUVQY ;)asculine< and UVQY
;*e)inine<.
MUVQSOP ;=asculine< denotes )ale a)on% hu)an bein%& ani)als& place or
thin%. *or eDa)ple3 KaSa ;a student<& Sa{ ;a coc@<& uQMV ;a la)b<& RaSVY ;a
)os,ue<.
UVQSOP ;*e)inine< denotes $e)ale %ender a)on% hu)an bein%& ani)al&
place or thin%. *or eDa)ple VKaS a ;A $e)ale student< JVSNV ;a e5e< JVdV V{ ;a
hen< JVVSRVY ;a school<
It is pertinent to )ention here that there is no neutral %ender in Arabic.
The table belo5 sho5s )asculine and $e)inine Arabic b# closed tf2 at
the end.
Fem#n#ne UVQSOP Ma&ul#ne QMUVQSOP
JV_aYSQY aYSQY
VRaOPV RaOPV
JVSKV SKV
>-
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Addin% closed tai at the end does not $or) $e)inine nouns o$ so)e
)asculine
Fem#n#ne UVQSOP Ma&ul#ne MUVQSOP
dVbQSQ VSKV
JVdV [VV
JVdV V{ Sa {
The closed tai is not the onl# $e)inine si%n. The lon% vo5el Ali% )a#
su$$iD $e)inine nouns and adjectives. The $e)inine proper noun VSKVO has
this Ali% su$$iD.
The $e)inine proper nouns VS V and the $e)inine adjective dV_SV ;in VS MVY
dV_S V< ;=ar#a) is pleasant< have this $e)inine iAli% $ollo5ed b#
*am/ah 5hich )a@es this iAli% a little lon%er. There$ore& the $e)inine
iAli% $ollo5ed b# a *am/ah is called the elon%ated iAli% SOVZP
{QRSVS]OP5hereas that o$ VS KVO is called the short iAli% Q\SVSOPQSOV ZP
The closed $e)inine ti is to be pronounced as an unvo5elled h i$ the
reader pauses at the end o$ the noun.
The $e)inine endin% tun occurs in )an# 5ords& 5hich have no
)asculine $or) e.%
JV_SaRVY )adinatun a cit#& JV_SKV_Q 2 a %arden& JVVSVY 2 a la5 court.
It is occasionall#& althou%h rarel#& $ound in 5ords 5hich are )asculine
e.%. JVbKa V successor Caliph& JVOdUV 2 a %reat traveller& %lobe trotter.
The $ollo5in% classes o$ 5ords are $e)inine 5ithout re,uirin% the
distinctive $e)inine endin%3
i< All 5ords and proper na)es& 5hich are b# their nature $e)inine
e.%. ~Qj 2 )other& QMVT 2 a bride& SQj 2 a sister& T an old
5o)an& particles 5hich 5ith special )eanin% can be applied to
$e)ales such as [aYdV pre%nant& -aSMQY 2 suc@lin% ;adjective<
ii< =ost ;thou%h not all< na)es o$ countries and cities e.%. VRS_VO
'ondon& MS\aY 2 C%#pt& dVSV MVc 2 *rance& Q RS_aSOP2 India
iii< So)e parts o$ the bod#& 5hich occurs in pairs e.%. SKVT 2 a e#e& RV
2 a hand& S}Qj 2 an ear& [Sa 2 a $oot.
iv< A nu)ber o$ 5ords 5hich are $e)inine b# usa%e e.%. Sa a
5ind& WSMV 2 a 5ar& PV{ 2 a house& dV a $ire & hSV j earth /
%round& SUOP 2 sun.
v< A nu)ber o$ 5ords are o$ co))on %ender and )a# be )asculine
or $e)inine e.%. |dV 2 a state& a MV 2 a road& xQ a )ar@et
;usuall# $e)inine< Ka a @ni$e ;usuall# $e)inine<.
>0
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-01 S#n$ular% *ual and Plural
In Arabic& there are three nu)bers. The# are {VMSbQSOP 5hich denotes one&
sin%ular dual _VQSOP 5hich denotes t5o and plural -SV SOP 5hich denotes
)ore than t5o.
10 Sin%ular 2 {VMSbQSOP is a noun indicatin% one person& or thin% or an
adjective describin% such a noun& 5hether it is )asculine or
$e)inine.
(0 Dual 2 U_V QSOP3 is a noun indicatin% t5o persons& or t5o thin%s&
)asculine or $e)inine or an adjective )odi$#in% such a noun. To
$or) dual in Arabic& the vo5el o$ the last letter o$ the concerned
noun should be chan%ed to al-%a-thah and then ali% and nun ;P<
should be added to the noun in the accusative or %enitive case. *or
eDa)ple V beco)es adVV V. But i$ nouns are in the accusative or
%enitive case& silent ya and nun should be added e.%. SKVV V i$ the noun
ends 5ith a closed ta& it 5ill be chan%ed to ordinar# t be$ore addin%
iAli% or y and nn. *or instance JVYa{dV beco)es SKV`VYa{dV or adV`VY{a dV.
It should be pointed out here that the nun o$ the dual )ust al5a#s
ta@e ka$rah. CDa)ple3 dV `VâOdU OPaoVdV the ;t5o< student %irls ca)e.
Dual noun dV `VâOdV is in the no)inative case.
SKVâ OdVQSj I sa5 the ;t5o< students. Dual noun is in the accusative
case. SKV VRQSOPQJVcSMQaaV This is the roo) o$ the t5o teachers.
Dual noun is in the %enitive.
When _VQSOP is GudVQY is dropped. SVOdV`VNSa t5o pieces o$ )eat is in
the no)inative case S VOSV`VNSa t5o pieces o$ )eat is in obli,ue case.
P JVb\O )ust also a%ree 5ith uQSVSOP in nu)ber.
I$ uQSVSOP be _Y then P JVb\O )ust also be U_VQY
dV`VSKaVS OPaS_a ^SOPdV _SKVT The t5o beauti$ul e#es o$ the %irl.
JVSKaVSOPaS_a^SOPdV_SKVT The t5o e#es o$ the beauti$ul %irl.
dV`VKaV aS_a ^SOPdV _SKVT The t5o e#es o$ the %irl are beauti$ul.
-0 Plural : Q-SV SOP3 there are three @inds o$ plural in Arabic. The#
are3
#0 Sound Masculine Plural aOdUOPaMUVQSOPQ-SV 5hich is $or)ed b#
addin% waw and nun to the last letter o$ the noon 5hen the noun
is in the accusative or %enitive case. *or instance VRQY beco)es
Q VRQY in the case o$ the no)inative case and SKaVRQY in the case
o$ the %enitive and accusative case. It should be noted that the
nun o$ the plural should carr# al2%athah 5hile that o$ dual should
carr# ial-ka$rah. When aOdUOPaMUVQSOPQ-SV is udVQY then is
dropped. JV VSRVSOPQ aVNQY the teachers o$ the school is in the
>.
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
no)inative case and JROPNY the teachers o$ the school is in
the %enitive case JVVS RVOPVQaVNQOP and JVVSRVOPKaaVNQOP are not correct.
##. Sound Feminine PluralaOdUOPQVVQOPQ-SV: which is $ound b# addin%
iAli% and open tf2 to the $e)inine noun concerned. *or JVâ OdV
beco)es odVâOdV these @inds o$ plurals are re$erred to as sound
because the# are $or)ed 5ithout disruptin% the structure o$ the
sin%ular.
###0 Broken Plural a MKaSU ÒPQ-SV8 This is a noun indicatin% three or )ore
persons or thin%s or an adjective describin% such a noun. This
plural does not retain the structure o$ its sin%ular. *or instance RVOV
beco)es {VSVj this plural has )an# patterns so& a learner should
)e)oriAe as )an# plural as he can.
The ta"le "elo. &ho.& the &#n$ular% dual and plural& o! &ome noun&0
-0101 6ro/en Plural
go> Plural *ual _. o S#n$ular oa o En$l#&h
Q[QQ aVQV |QV a )essen%er
QSRQY adV `V_aRVY JV_aRVY a cit#
QdVaL aPV MSVL MSVL a sea
~VSj adVVV VV a pen
xPVSj adVQ xQ a )ar@et
QdV_SLj adV_SL SL a son
QKQ adVSKV SKV an ar)#
QMQSj aPVMSV MSV a )onth
QxQ MQ adVa MV a MV a road
QdU âj adV^Ka ^V Ka ^V a ph#sician
-010( Sound Ma&ul#ne Plural
go> Plural *ual _. o S#n$ular oao En$l#&h
VQVVc adV VVc QwVVc a peasant
VQdU ^V adVdU^V QydU ^V a coo@
VQbUVQY adVbUVQY QUVQY a cler@
VQaMVbV`QY adVa MVbV`QY QtaMVbV`QY a spectator
VQa dVc aPVadV c a dVc a 5inner
-010- Sound Fem#n#ne Plural
go > Plural *ual _.o S#n$ular oa o En$l#&h
QoPVR KV adV VRKV QVR KV a lad#
QoVVV adV`VOdUV QJVOdUV a 5asher 5o)an
Q oPVSj adV`Sj Q SQj a sister
>9
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Q odVdU KV adV`VdUKV QJVdU KV a sea)istress
QodV VRQY adV `VVRQY QJV VRQY a $e)ale teacher
10, CONCLUSION
In this unit #ou have learnt various 5a#s throu%h 5hich the Arabs
eDpress courtes#& their )ode o$ %reetin%s and custo)s and the %ender
nu)ber in Arabic %ra))ar.
90, SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith so)e o$ the custo)s o$ the Aras& their %reetin%s and
eDpressions o$ courtes#& and %ender nu)bers in Arabic %ra))ar.
1. ?ive the $e)inine o$ the $ollo5in% 5ords
VSKVSa{[VV VRQYaOdV a`VMa dVaYSQY
6. ?ive the dual and plural $or)s o$ the $ollo5in% nouns
JVaRV MaVaSMQa RVMadV JVaVNQYVRKV[aYdVTRVOVa dV
>. +o5 do #ou %reet #our =usli) $riends
-. What do #ou sa# 5hen #ou 5ant to %reet in the )ornin% and
evenin%
+a)eed& =. ;18.8<. At-Tuh%at A$-Sanyyah,, Beirut3 Dfr2al2*i@r
Said& +. Abdul2=ajeed& =. ;1-69<. Qaw2id-ul-Lu#hat-l- Arabiyyah,
Ben%haAi3 Dfr2l #n.
>8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT 9 T5E NATURE% TREES% INSECTS% REPTILES%
INANIMATE O67ECTS AN* A*7ECTIVES IN
ARA6IC GRAMMAR
CONTENTS
1.7Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 The ature
>.6 The Trees
>.> The Insects and Reptiles
>.- Inani)ate !bjects
>.0 Adjectives
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
In this unit& na)es o$ natural thin%s includin% the trees& various insects&
reptiles& inani)ate objects and adjectives in Arabic %ra))ar shall be
introduced.
(0,O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit #ou are eDpected to be $a)iliar 5ith3
The na)es o$ the various natural thin%s includin% the trees&
insects& reptiles and inani)ate objects.
The adjectives in Arabic %ra))ar
-0,MAIN CONTENT
-01 The Nature
earth QhSj thunderbolt QJVaTdV
re%ion QKaS desert QPVMSV
horiAon QS cj Roc@ Q VMSV
li%htin% QxSMV L 5eather QSV
sea QMS VL $lood QdVcQ
la@e Q VMSKV QL dar@ Q~VV
volcano QdVSMQ L shade [a
>8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
cold Q{SMV L stor) QJVbadVT
soil QWPVMQ dust QdV^Q
hill JVSVj[V cloud QJVSKV
sno5 QS V continent QU dV
harbour VdV _]SKaY pole Q SQ
)ountain [V^V )oon QMVV
island QV MaV top QJUa
ice QRKa V canal Q dV_V
south QWQ_V rainbo5 QwVVQSV
at)osphere V universe QSVSOP
stone QMV V 5ater QdVY
pebbles V\V ocean QKaQY
hot QdV Aone QJVVS_aY
ba# QKa V cli)ate QydV_QY
eclipse uQQuQQ 5ave QJVSVY
e,uator aPVa`SP V $ire Q dV
s)o@e QdV Q{ sprin% -S^V
thunder QRSTV star QSV
)oisture QJVLQQ river QMSV
sand Q[SYV li%ht QQ
5ind QSa air QPVV
earth,ua@e Q |PVSOa valle# a{PV
stor) QJVNVLSV )ud Q[S V
sun QSV oasis QJVPV
coast Q[a dV sea2shore adV
plain Q[SV spar@ VPVMV
-0( Tree&
pear tree dV aQ VMVV banana tree QSVYQVMV V
oran%e tree U_ o>a al)ond trtee _ o> a
oa@ tree b o>a vine tree oS
pal) tree o>a $i% tree ___ o> a
apple tree a o>a po)e%ranate tree o_ o> a
cane tree _ > o>a ,uince tree o> a
_>a a
olive tree .j_ o>a jujube tree _u o> a
-0- In&et& and Rept#le&
$lea qQSMQ L $l# QJVLdVLQ }
)os,uito hQNVL reptile QJVbaPV
bu% JU VL drone [SU _OPQ MVV}
-7
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
serpent dV ^SNV liAard JVKa SV
locust V{PVMV cric@et QS MQ
%rasshopper WQRS_Q )oth VT
sna@e JU KV scorpion QWVMSVT
cha)eleon Q dVLSMV butter$l# QJVPVMV c
insect VMV V spider oQ^VS_VT
beetle JVQbS_Q louse Q JVSV
5or) V {Q{ bee QJVS V
caterpillar VMV V V{Q{ ant Q JVSV
sil@5or) aV V {Q{ viper JVYdVVNS cVj
-01 Inan#mate O"Eet&
En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"# En$l#&h
Tran&lat#on
Ara"#
)ountain [V^V 5indo5 zdU ^Q
villa%e JVS MV door WdV L
5all Qa dV corridor VSVYQ KaS V{
ceilin%
QSV aeroplane V MadV
roo$ QSV ball UMQ
stone MVV boat WadV
ship JV_KabV boo@ WdVà
-09 AdEet#+e& a
Adjective is used to ,uali$# a noun. In Cn%lish 5e sa# Gan i%norant bo#
an Arab 5ould sa# a bo# i%norant in Arabic. oun ;P< ,uali$ied co)es
$irst and the adjective co)e neDt [adV RVOV and i%norant bo#. a MV [QV a
noble )an& MKa^VSKVL a bi% house.
An adjective in Arabic $ollo5s the noun it ,uali$ies. It )ust a%ree 5ith
the nouns it ,uali$ies ;QuQSVOP< in
1. Case endin%
6. ?ender
>. u)ber
-. Inde$initness or de$initeness
JUKa_VVR KVa_SVPV a rich lad# visited )e
Q [adVbOPQVNQOPVMVV the noble teacher arrived
aJVKaV aJVMVacQKaTj I live in a beauti$ul villa%e
VQLUVQYWVQ a VV these are 5ell )annered students
There eDist nu)erous adjectival patterns& the )ost i)portant o$ 5hich are
-1
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
the $ollo5in%3
-6
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
i. [aTdVc actuall# is the active participle o$ the si)ple verb. e.%.
[adV i%norant& pl. Ma dV|dUQ trader or )erchant pl. dUQ
adV 5ritin%& a cler@& pl. aOdVT WdU`Q2learned& pl. QdVVQT
ii. [KaNVc2 )ore co))onl# adjectival than no)inal e.%.
RKaNV2 happ#& $ortunate& pl. a MVQ PVRVNQ %enerous& pl.QdVYVMQ
a MV noble& pl.a^VQdV cVMQ stupid& pl. QdV Ka^Sj
VSNVc .iii 6nd declension $ro) si)ple verbs o$ the pattern [aNVc
denotin% te)porar# state& e.%.
VSV Q2 laA#& pl. VOdVV $e). sin%. VSV
dVSVT thirst#& pl. VdVVT $e). sin%.VSVT
dVSNV 2 sleep#& pl. VdVNV $e). sin%. VSNV
N06. In )odern Arabic& the pattern VSNVc usuall# ta@es the sound
endin%s in the $e)inine and plural& e.%. dV^SNV tired.
iv. |QNVc is an intensive $ro) o$ patterns ;i< and ;iii< e.%.
Q|QV2 ver# i%norant |QV ver# laA#
v. |dUNVc denotin% habitual action or pro$ession& e.%. |dUVj al5a#s
eatin%& %luttonous PURVT al5a#s runnin%& a runner patterns ;iv<
and ;v< ta@e the re%ular $e)inine and sound plural endin%s.
vi. |QNSbVY actuall# the passive participle o$ si)ple verbs& e.%.QMSVY
pleased& overjo#ed |QSVY occupied& bus# This pattern ta@es
the sound plural endin% 5hen it re$ers to rational bein%s& other5ise
bro@en plural or the sound $e)inine plural endin%& e.%. ~QSMVY a
decree / a verdict& pl. p SVYQKa PV MVY a subject& topic& pl.
odTQSVY. The pattern [VNScj $e). sin%. VSNVc )asc. and $e). pl.[SNQc
is con$ined to adjectives denotin% colours or de$ects o$ the bod#&
e.%.
{VSVj blac@& $e). sin%. PV{SV pl. {Q
MVSVj red & $e). sin%. PMS V pl. MSQ
MVbSj #ello5& $e) sin%. PMS bV pl. MSbQ
QMVSj2 %reen& $e). sin%. PMSV pl. MSQ
VKS Lj 5hite& $e). sin%. dVSKVL pl. KaL
.B. the sound %roup bein% uy2 bein% repu%nant to Arab ears u2
chan%es into i' the vo5el co%nate to the $ollo5in% consonant.
VS Lj du)b& $e). sin%. dVSQL pl.SQL
QVMSj2 dea$& $e). sin%. dVS MV pl. S MQ
VSTj blind& $e). sin%. dKSVT pl. SQT
-.7 CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have learnt the na)es o$ natural thin%s& insects& reptiles&
inani)ate objects and adjectives in Arabic %ra))ar.
->
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
90,SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith na)es o$ natural thin%s& reptiles and insect& as 5ell as
trees& other inani)ate objects and adjectives in Arabic %ra))ar.
1. =ention $our na)es o$ each $ro) the $ollo5in%3
nature& trees& insects& reptiles and inani)ate objects
6. What is the position o$ the adjective in relation to the ,uali$ied
noun
9.7 REFERENCES< FURT5ER REA*INGS
Co5an David ;188><E M!d"rn Lit"rary Arabi(, 'a%osE Isla)ic
(ublications Bureau
Bari)& A A)een =. ;.D< An-'ahw-ul-wdih-%i Qawidi-l-lu#hat-
l-Arabiyyah- li-madri$-l-marhalat-il-la@ .ol 1& Cairo3 Dfr2ul2
=airi$.
--
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT 3 FOO*% VEGETA6LES F FRUITS% *RIN;S%
6AN; AN* POST OFFICE
CONTENTS
1.7 Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 *ood
>.6 /e%etables and *ruits
>.> Drin@s
>.- Ban@s and (ost !$$ice
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
..7 Tutor2=ar@ed Assi%n)ent ;T=A<
10,INTRO*UCTION
This unit is a continuation o$ the precedin% unit on vocabular#
develop)ent speci$icall# touchin% on the @inds o$ $oods in our
environ)ent& ve%etable& $ruits and drin@s. The units 5ill also $ocus on
so)e 5ords use in ban@s and post o$$ice.
(0,O67ECTIVES
Identi$# various @inds o$ $ood in Arabic.
*a)iliariAe #oursel$ 5ith various @inds o$ ve%etables& $ruits and
drin@s.
Also reco%niAe so)e 5ords used in ban@s and post o$$ice
-0,MAIN CONTENT
-01 Food
$ood Q~dVNV bee$ a[SVTQS VO
boiled e%%s xQSVYQSKVL salt QSaY
$ried e%%s aSVYQSKVL butter QVRSLQ
)il@ QKaV crea) JVS V
chic@en Q JVdVV{ brea@$ast QQQ c
$ish QVV lunch QPVRV
Tea QdV dinner QdVVT
-0
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
hone# [VVT sausa%e adVV
#o%hurt Q JV_S^VO e%% QSKV L
-0( Ve$eta"le& and Fru#t&
po)e%ranate dVYQ %rape QV_aT
apricots VSaY pear QdV a
onion [V\VL nut Q SV
dates QVVL apple QwdVbQ
dried dates QMVV olive Q`SV
to)ato QadVVV QRS_VL lettuce V
cucu)ber dVaQdVKa ,uince [VS MVbV
$i% QSKa al)ond Q SVO
oran%es Q|dVaS MQL pepper [QbS Qc
carrot QV V potato dV dVV L
pineapple Q dV_VVj peach QxPU Q{
-0- *r#n/&
5ater QdVY carrot juice VV Q MKa\VT
)il@ QKa V so$t drin@ odV^ VMQY
co$$ee VSV cacao dVdV
juice Q MKa\VT #o%hurt V ^VO
le)onade VRVQKa L 5ine Ka^V
-01 6an/& And Po&t O!!#e
che,ue QKa OP closin% o$ account a WdVaOPQ[SbV
current account adV QWdV a )ail QRaMV L
)# account aLdV a posta%e QRa MV^SOPQVMS Qj
credit {dVa`STP air)ail VVQRaMV L
interest VRadV c tele%ra) JKVSMV L
shares SPQ dVNSP $or) VdVa `Sa
debts QQ { postal order _ o >
j_; _
assets Q|QQj post o$$ice RSa MVLQV`SVY
endorse gg eDchan%e/re)ittance _j_>
rate o$ eDchan%e _O _ a cashier _o _> o
travellers
che,ue
c _ a
_>_ a
phone m_
bonds c_ a counter _j_> O; a
-.
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
10, CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have learnt about3
i. /arious @inds o$ $ood& ve%etables& $ruits and drin@s
ii. a)es o$ so)e 5ords used in ban@s and post o$$ice
90, SUMMARY
The vocabularies learnt in this unit relate to $oods& ve%etables& $ruits&
drin@s& ban@s and post o$$ice in Arabic
1. =ention $our )ajor @inds o$ $oods in our environ)ent
6. What are the Arabic 5ords $or the $ollo5in%
;a< dates ;b< apple ;c< nut ;d< hone# ;e< chic@en ;$< interest ;%<
)ail ;h< $or) ;i< cashier
20, REFERENCES < FURT5ER REA*INGS
Abdur2Rah)n& 1hi#l Abd2al2'atee$& "th)n ;1890<. al-Qiriat-l-
Arabiyyah li;-Aa%%i r-Bbial-Ibtidii& Ri#adh3 WiArat2al2)airi$
(ress
Is)fil& =.& asi$& =. =u@htr& T. ; n.d.< Al-arabiyyat-l-lin-n$hi2n,
Ri#adh3 5iArat2al2=airi$ (ress.
-9
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
MO*ULE - GRAMMAR% COMMON =OR;S AN*
SELECTE* ACTIVITIES

"nit 1 (repositions& Adverbs and *urther 'essons on (ronouns
"nit 6 Co))on Words used in +ospital& ?overn)ent Service&
Co))erce etc.
"nit > Relative and Interro%ative pronouns& and Introduction to
Sentence Construction.
"nit - Directions& =easure)ents& School Subjects and
(unctuation =ar@s.
UNIT 1 PREPOSITIONS% A*VER6S AN* FURT5ER
LESSIONS ON PRONOUNS
CONTENTS
1.7 Introduction
6.7 !bjectives
>.7 =ain Content
>.1 (reposition
>.6 Adverbs
>.> (ersonal (ronouns
>.- Basic Division o$ (ersonal (ronouns
>.0 The Ter)s o$ o)inative (ersonal (ronouns
>.. The /erb and Its Doer
>.9 The Ter)s o$ Accusative (ersonal (ronouns
>.8 Ter)s o$ the ?enitive (ersonal (ronouns
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
9.7 Re$erences and *urther Readin%s
10, INTRO*UCTION
This unit is a continuation o$ an aspect o$ unit > 5hich speci$icall#
$ocused on pronunciations. In this unit& ho5ever& e)phasis 5ill be on the
t5o $or)s o$ adverb3 the adverbs o$ ti)e and o$ placeE the prepositions
and their uses as 5ell the interro%ative and relative pronouns.
6.7 O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit& #ou are eDpected to3
?et $a)iliar 5ith the prepositions in Arabic and their usa%e
Be ac,uainted 5ith adverbs and their usa%e
-8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
'ist and eDplain other @inds o$ pronouns and their usa%e.
-0, MAIN CONTENT
-01 Prepo&#t#on&
(repositions are particles o$ten placed be$ore a noun in Arabic and render
it in the %enitive.
Since Arabic %ra))ar deals )ainl# 5ith the case endin%s& the Arabic
prepositions are re$erred to as huru%ul-&arr MV SOPQuQMQ 5hich literall#
)eans the particles o$ %enitive& the# are %iven this ter) in Arabic
because the# %overn the nouns that $ollo5 the) in the %enitives case.
*or eDa)ple& 5hen 5e sa#3[QV aSKV^S OPac there is a )an in the housei the
particle ;c < ;in< is a preposition $ollo5ed b# the noun ;aSKV^SOP< ;house<
5hich is in the %enitive case because o$ the particle ;c< that %overns it.
So)e o$ the Arabic prepositions are3
i. VOa ;to <
CDa)ples3 JV_aRVSOPOaQSa ;I ca)e to the cit#<
a MaRQSOPVOaQRVOVSOPVV`V ;the bo# 5rote to the director<
ii. VVT ;on<3
CDa)ples3 V`SVOPVVTdVVVV QJVadVcSVNVV ;*ati)at put her pen on
the des@< aaRVNSVSOPVVTQa OdUOPVVV ;the student sat on the bench<
iii. c ;in<3
CDa)ples3 aRaSVSOPacQaSQSOP ;the )usli)s are in the )os,ue <
a dVSOPacQWdVàSOPV-VV ;the boo@ $ell into the 5ater <
iv. aY ;$ro)E o$<3
CDa)ples3 a SKV^SOPVaY~a{dVdVVP ;I a) co)in% $ro) ho)e<
aVV SOPVaYaSMQSOPPVV ;this chair is o$ 5ood<
v. VT ;till<3
CDa)ples3 a OdUOPa|dVSVTQVNQSOPV|VV ;the teacher as@ed about
the condition o$ the student<
a[S\VbSOPaVTQa MVNSOPVWdV ;the )onitor 5as absent $ro) the
class<
vi. U`V ;till<3
CDa)ples3 MSSOPU`V aQ Q{QSNVPV ;I revised )# lessons till
noon<
[SKUOPU`V aRaSVSOPacVSLV V ;I 5ill re)ain in the )os,ue
till ni%ht<
-8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
vii. ;used $or oath<
CDa)ples3 aP ;I s5ear b# Allah<
aS U_OP ;I s5ear b# star<
viii. W ;5ith<3
CDa)ple aVVS OdaLQ Q`SjdV Vj ;I a) 5ritin% 5ith pen<
a UMQOadLQVNSVa_S LP ;)# son is pla#in% 5ith the ball<
iD. a| ;$or<3
CDa)ples3 a dVSOQSVSOPPVV ;this do% is $or the %uard<
[KaVVdVa S_a^SaO ;this beauti$ul rin% is $or the %irl<
D. Vz ;asE ali@e<
CDa)ple3 a MaU_OdV MaSOP ;a cat is li@e a ti%er<
a KaÔdVQVNQSOP ;a teacher is li@e a doctor<
-0( Ad+er"&
Adverbs are o$ t5o @inds the# are32 dVVOPQuSMV ;adverb o$ place< and
dVYVOPQuSMV ;adverb o$ ti)e<. Both o$ the) are in the accusative case and
%overn the nouns in the %enitive case& adverbs o$ ti)e and place include.
Plae T#me
In $ront o$ o )ornin% >;
behind VSV ni%ht SKVO
over VxSVc da# dYSV
under VSV to)orro5 PRV
5ith VRS_aT )onth PMSV
beside VS_V #ear SV
EGAMPLES8
Ad+er" o! plae o Ob
The bo# stands in $ront o$ the )irror QRVOVSOPaV o XSMaOP
The cat sleeps behind the door Q JUaSOPQ~dV_V m > WdVÔP
The bird is on the tree QMS KUOP @8 VMV UOP
+e is sittin% under the tree aOdVVQ u> V MVUOP
The pen is 5ith the bo# QVVOP _ RVOVOP
07
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
The student is beside the teacher Qa OdUOP u > aVNOP
EGAMPLES8
Ad+er" o! T#me o Ob
the sun rises in the )ornin% dV dV^VQUOPQxa MSQ
The bat $lies in the )id2ni%ht SKVOQdVbQOPQMKa V
I spent a co)plete #ear in 'ib#a aYdVVdVKa^Ka OacQSKVV
aid returns to his house at sunset. dVaTaa`S KVLVOaQRSV V -VV
-0- Per&onal Pronoun& >_:o?
Arabic pronouns are divided into three parts
i. Detached JV a\VbS_QSOP
ii. Attached JV a\U`QOP
iii. I)plied URVQOP
The Arabic personal pronoun is no)inative& accusative and %enitive.
-01 6a&# *#+#&#on o! Per&onal Pronoun
;a< The no)inative detached pronoun is the subject o$ a no)inal
sentence.
;b< The no)inative attached (ronoun is the subject& ;doer<& o$ verb.
;c< The i)plied pronoun is also the subject o$ a verb.
En$l#&h
Ca&e
The
Pronoun
EHample& _.oV :o
_
Ara"#
Ca&e
o)inative I I a) a student
I 5rote the lesson
#esterda#.
;I< I a) 5ritin% the
lesson no5
a VdVVj
SYVjVSUROPQS^V`V
VPVSUROPQQ`SVj
dVj
Qo
I)plied
o)i2
native
Accusative =e =ah)ud treated )e
5ell
=e alone =ah)ud
treated 5ell
Q{QSVYa_VYVMSj
Q{QSVYV~VMSV jVdUa
]
VdUa
Accu2
sative
(ossessive =# To )e ;there is<a
s)all car
=# car is s)all
aMKaV VdVKV aO
aMKaVaV dVKV
]
]
?ene2tive
01
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
;d< The accusative (ronoun is the object o$ a verb. It is )ost
$re,uentl# attached& li@e the ya
su$$iD in a_VYVMSVVjE but it is rarel# detached co)in% be$ore the verb
$or e)phasis. This sentence then reads3 ~V MSVjVdU a
;e< The ?enitive (ronoun 5hich is the object o$ a preparation or the
second part construct phrase is al5a#s attached and is identical
5ith the accusative attached pronoun& li@e the
y2 in aO Gto )e ii aLdVà )# boo@.
;$< We )a# add here that 5hen a state)ent be%ins 5ith a noun or a
pronoun and is $ollo5ed b# a verbE the pronoun or noun is treated
as the subject o$ a no)inal sentenceE not o$ the verb. The subject
o$ the verb cannot precede itE it has to $ollo5 it
tan%ibl# or to be re%arded as an i)plied pronoun. I$ 5e sa#& $or
eDa)ple& S^V`VdV Vj
GI 5rote& the state)ent is re%arded as a no)inal sentence o$
5hich the pronoun dV j
Ii is the subject. The subject o$ the verb S^V`V is the t& Qo& and the
verbal sentence consistin% o$ the verb and its subject doer is
re%arded as the predicate.
-09 The Term& o! Nom#nat#+e Per&onal Pronoun
Attached (ronoun JVa\U`QOPQ MdVVOP Detached (ronoun MdVVOP
JVa\VbS_QOP
=eanin% (ronoun =eanin% (ronoun
(erson
I 5rote
We 5rote
QS^V`V
dV _V`S^V`V
I
We
dVVj
QSV
*irst
QVV`QOP
Iou ;bo#< 5rote
Iou ;%irl< 5rote
Iou ;6 bo#s< 5rote
Iou ;6 %irls< 5rote
Iou ;bo#s< 5rote
Iou ;%irls< 5rote
VS^V`V
aS^V`V
dVQ`S^V`V
dVQ`S^V`V
SQ`S^V`V
UQ`S^V`V
Iou ;)ale<
Iou ;$e)ale<
Iou ;6 )ales<
Iou ;6 $e)ales<
Iou ;)ales<
Iou ;$e)ales<
VSVj
aSVj
dVQ`SVj
dVQ`SVj
SQ`SVj
UQ`SVj
Second
QVdVQOP
06
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
;+e< Wrote
;She< Wrote
The# ;6 bo#s< 5rote
The# ;6 %irls< 5rote
The# ;bo#s< 5rote
The# ;%irls< 5rote
VV`V
SV^V`V
dV^V`V
dV`V^V`V
Q^V`V
VS^V`V
+e
She
The# ;6 )ales<
The# ;6 $e)ales<
The# ; )ales<
The# ;$e)ales<
VQ
VQ
dVQ
dVQ
SQ
UQ
Third
QadVSOP
This )eans3 ;5hen a bo# is spo@en to< the sa)e applies to other 5ords in
parentheses.
-03 The Ver" and It& *oer
QMSYVZP
Q padVQOP adVOP
o)inal
Sentence
/erbal
Sentence
o)ina
l
Sentenc
e
/erbal
Sentenc
e
(ersons
Q Q`SVjdV Vj
QQ`SV QSV
QQ`SVj
Q Q`SV
QS^V`VdVVj
dV_S ^V`VQSV
QS^V`V
dV_S^V`V
S.
D(.
S Q`SQj
a ^Q`SQj
dV ^Q`SQj
PQ ^Q`SQj
VS ^Q`SQj
QQ`SVVSj
VKa ^Q`SVaSVj
adV^Q`SVdVQ`SVj
VQ^Q`SVSQ`SVj
VS^Q`SV UQ`SVj
Q Q`SV
VKa^Q `SV
adV^Q `SV
VQ^Q `SV
VS^Q `SV
VS^V`VVSVj
aS^V`VaSVj
dV Q`SVj
dVQ`S^V`V
SQ`S^V`VSQ`SVj
UQ`S^V `VUQ`SVj
VS^V`V
aS^V`V
dVQ`S^V`V
SQ`S^V`V
UQ`S^V`V
=.S
*.S
D.
=.(
*.(
S
e
c
o
n
d
0>
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Q Q`SVQRUVVY
Q Q`SVQJVa dVc
dV^Q `SVaPVRVOVOP
dV ^Q`SVadV`S _aÔP
Q^Q`SVQ{VSVZP
VS^Q`SV QodV _VÔP
QRUVVYQ Q`SV
QJVadV cQ Q`SV
Q`SV
PV RVOVOP
adV`S_aÔPQ Q`SV
Q`SV
{VSV ZP
QodV_VÔPQ Q`SV
VV`VQRUVVY

JVa dVc
V^V`V
PVRVOVOP
dV^V`V
dV`S _aÔP
dV`V^V`V
{VSVZP
PQ^V`V
o dV _VÔP
S^V`V
V`V
QRUVVY
V^V`V
JVa dVc
V`V
PVRVOVOP
V^V`V
dV`S _aÔP
V`V
{VSVZP
V^V`V
odV _VÔP
=.S
*.S
=.D
*.D
=.(
*.(
T
h
d
ote that the QQ o$ the Ka dUÒPdV is replaced b# the VMSVbecause the QQ
o$ the ~V o$ |P $ollo5s
An asteris@ is placed over the verb in the table 5hen its subject is an
i)plied pronoun.
-02 The Term& o! Au&at#+e Per&onal Pronoun&
Attahed Pronoun&
_.o _:o
*etahed Pronoun&
_ _.o _:o
Mean#n$ Pronoun Mean#n$ Pronoun
Per&on
Iou treated )e 5ell
Iou treated us 5ell
a_V`SYVMSVj
dV_V`SYVMSVj
=e ;alone #ou treated 5ell<
We ;alone #ou treated 5ell<
(VSYVMSjVdUa
(V SYVMSjVddUa
I treated #ou 5ell ;)<

:::::::;$<.
:::::::
:::::::.
:::::::.
VQ`SYVMSVj
aQ`SYVMSVj
dVQQ`SYVMSVj
QQ`SYVMSVj
UQQ`SYVMSVj
Iou ;alone I treated 5ell< ;)<
:::::::::::;$<.
:::::::::::.
:::::::::::.
:::::::::::.
(QSYVMSjVzdUa
(QSYVMSjazdUa
(QSYVMSjdVQdUa
(Q SYVMSjQdUa
(QSYVMSjUQdUa
S
e
c
o
n
d
0-
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
I treated hi) 5ell
I treated her 5ell
I treated the) 5ell
::::::::.
::::::::.
QQ`SYVMSVj
dVQ`SYVMSVj
dVQQ`SYVMSVj
QQ`SYVMSVj
UQQ`SYVMSVj
+i) ;I treated 5ell<
+er ;I treated 5ell<
The# ;alone I treated 5ell<
:::::::::::
:::::::::::
(Q SYVMSjQdUa
(QSYVMSjdV dUa
(QSYV MSjdVQdUa
(QSYVMSjQdUa
(QSYVMSjUQdUa
T
h
d
-04 Term& o! the Gen#t#+e Per&onal Pronoun
Attahed Pronoun&
_.o _:o
*etahed Pronoun&
__.o _:o
Mean#n$ Pronoun Mean#n$ Pronoun
Per&on
To )e
To us
aO
dV_O
=# boo@
!ur boo@
aLdVà
dV _QLdVà

To #ou
:::..
:::..
:::.
:::..
VVO
aVO
dVQVO
SQVO
UQVO
Iour boo@ ;=<
:::::::;*<
:.::::::
:::::::.
:::::::.
VQLdVà
aQLdVà
dVQQLdVà
QQLdVà
UQQLdVà
S
e
c
o
n
d

To hi)
To her
To the)
The the)
To the)
QVO
dVVO
dVQVO
SQVO
UQVO
+is boo@
+er boo@
Their boo@
:::::..
:::::..
QQLdVà
dVQLdVà
dVQQLdVà
QQLdVà
UQQLdVà
T
h
d

10, CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have learnt about the prepositions& adverbs& and $urther
00
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
lessons on pronouns.
90, SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith the usa%e o$ prepositions& adverbs and personal
pronouns in Arabic %ra))ar.
30, TUTOR MAR;E* ASSIGNMENT
1. "se the $ollo5in% personal pronouns in sentences o$ #our o5n3
dUQ`SjQSV VSj
6. "se the $ollo5in% prepositions in sentences o$ #our o5n.
acSaYVVTSVT
>. *ill in the blan@ spaces 5ith suitable 5ords
1 2 VYQj
6 2 VSa
0 2 VQOdV
6. "se these adverbs in sentences3
V xSVcVSKVOV~dVYVjdVYSVJVTdV
Antoine& Cl2Dahdah ;1886< A di(ti!nary !% Cni."r$al Arabi( +rammar)
Arabi(-?n#li$h, Beirut3 =a@tabatu 'ubnfn
=uha))ad& Abdur2Rai$ ;.D.< Arabi( %!r ?n#li$h $="akin# Stud"nt$,
Cairo3 iAhrf)2t2tijfri##ah (ress.
0.
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT ( COMMON =OR*S USE* IN 5OSPITAL%
GOVERNMENT SERVICE% AN* COMMERCE
ETC
C!TCTS
1.7Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 Co))on Words "sed in +ospital
>.6 Co))on Words "sed in ?overn)ent
>.> Co))on Words "sed in Co))erce
>.- Co))on Words "sed in Sea2Shore
>.0 Co))on Words "sed in Television Station
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
=odern da# activities re,uire our contacts 5ith other people in various
areas o$ discipline and pro$ession. This unit deals 5ith so)e co))onl#
used na)es and ite)s that are peculiar to those disciplines.
(0,O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit #ou should be able to ac,uire enou%h 5ords in
Arabic that are peculiar to so)e disciplines.
-0,MAIN CONTENT
-01Common =ord& U&ed In 5o&p#tal
injection QJV_SQ sur%er# JVKa PVMaJUKaVVT
doctoris
prescription
aKa ÛOPQSV banda%es QJVa LSV ZP
blood pressure a~UROPQSV patients VS MVSOP
dentist adV_SV ZPQKa ^V nurses QodV aMVQOP
pills QWQ^QSOP children disease
;pediatrics<
a|dVbSV ZPQhPV MSYVj
oint)ent QV SMVY blood trans$usion a~UROPQ[SV
tablets QPV MSVj optician aQKQNOPQKa^V
09
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0(Common =ord& U&ed In Go+ernment
@in% _O_ o )inistr# VPV a
president _ _:__
j__o>
)inistr# o$ $orei%n
a$$airs
a JVKaadVOPQVPV a
@in%do) oo )inistr# o$ interior JVKaa PVROPQVPV a
republic j__o> )inistr# o$ de$ence apdV caROPQVPV a
constitution _.ao )inistr# o$ justice a|SRVNOPQVPV a
parlia)ent o )inistr# o$ $inance JV KaOdVOPQVPV a
a)bassador _a_a )inistr# o$ public 5or@s a|dVSZPQVPV a
e)bass# oaa )inistr# o$ health JV a\OPQVPV a
capital _o_ )inistr# o$ education JV KaLSMV ÒPQVPV a
independent UV_.a opposition JV VdVNVY
votin% uj_ director QMaaRQY
election u>_._| inspector _.a o
vice u_: authorit# ba
I
)inister QMaV pri)e )inister Ka V
VPV a
-0- Common =ord& U&ed In Commere
)one# o receipt _ g
bro@er b_ ag project ga o
a)ount g; o debt _jo
pro$it __ )onopol# __.>
to %ain j ban@ruptc# _V8_|
to lose _a>j eDpenses c a
to sell g_;j custo)er _
discount a > balance __
capital _Uo __ consu)ption OV_. a_|
auction _oo g accountant u_a> o
a%enc# Sg value o_
si%nature o_ | bill _ua_> _o_8
-01 Common =ord& U&ed In Sea:Shore
sea side _>; _g_ba a)use)ent _a
s5i))in% >;a pleasure _g a
s5i))in% suits _>; a;_ shallo5 5ater > _ o
08
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-09 Common =ord& U&ed In Tele+#&#on Stat#on
ne5s QdV^SVj tone control on b_
loudspea@er ;o contrast _j;.
ne5s in $ull ___a._ _;> channel o
studio j_o.a television j__a_.
10,CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have leant about Arabic lan%ua%e re%isters that are
related to so)e various $ields o$ hu)an activities.
90,SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith so)e co))onl# used na)es and ite)s that are
peculiar to %overn)ent service& co))erce& sea2shore and television
station.
1. "se these 5ords in sentences
Q adVQJVVSVYQPVMS jQJV_SQ QQ`SV{
6. Translate the $ollo5in% 5ords to Arabic
balance )onopol# inspector election capital
Ru$fi& iAbd2ul2AAeeA iAbd2ul2Babbfr ")ar ;18.8<. Al-mutfli2at-u$-
$u2diyyah li- - a%%i-l-khmi$-il-ibitidf, Ri#fdh3 WiAfratul2
=aifri$ (ress.
fbir& iAbdu `l2*atfh ")ar& Ali ;.D< al-Qir2at-ur-Ba$hdat /ol.1&
Cairo3 Dar2al2=aifri$ (ress.
08
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT - RELATIVE AN* INTERROGATIVE
PRONOUNS% AN* INTRO*UCTION TO
SENTENCES CONSTRUCTION
CONTENTS
1.7Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 Relative (ronouns
>.1.1 The Co))on Relative (ronouns in Arabic
>.6 Interro%ative (ronouns
>.> Introduction to Sentence Construction
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
This unit deals 5ith relative and interro%ative pronouns in Arabic
lan%ua%e. It also introduces #ou to various 5a#s o$ constructin% si)ple
no)inal and verbal sentences Arabic.
(0, O67ECTIVES


Identi$# so)e relative and interro%ative pronouns in Arabic lan%ua%e
Construct si)ple sentences in Arabic
-0, MAIN CONTENT
>.1 Relat#+e Pronoun& Uo a$
A relative pronoun is the noun that %ives in$or)ation about its antecedent
5ith the aid o$ a relative clause. It is considered as a de$inite noun.
CDa)ple
.7
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0101 The Common Relat#+e Pronoun& #n Ara"#
S#n$ular *ual Plural
=asculine aOP aPV OP Va OP
*e)inine aÒP adV` OP a OP

I read the boo@ 5hich I bou%ht QQ `SVMV `SPa OPVWdV àSOPQoPV MV
These are the ;6< bo#s 5ho pla#ed dVâNaOaPV OPaPVRVOVSOPaPVV
These are the bo#s 5ho travelled PQMV cdVV OP{V SZPa VQV
The %irl 5ho danced has co)e SV\V VaÙOPQS_a ^SOPa oVdV
The t5o %irls are pla#in% s@ill$ul adVV Ma dVYadV^VNSVadV ÒPadV`S _aÔP
These are the %irls 5ho are
travellin%
VSMa cdVQaUOPQodV_V ÔPa VQV
-0(Interro$at#+e Pronoun&
An interro%ative pronoun as@s about a person& thin%s& ti)e& place reason&
nu)ber or ,ualit# and condition. It in,uires about the occurrence o$ the
verb& there$ore& the ans5er to a ,uestion. An interro%ative pronoun has to
%ive the in$or)ation re,uiredE 5hereas the ans5er to a ,uestion
introduced b# [V or the j has to be the e,uivalent o$ o or #es QSNV. *or
eDa)ple PV SVY ;5ho is this< should %ive the na)e o$ a person li@e RSV PVV
;that is a#d< and QSaVSj ;5here are #ou livin%< 5ould be so)ethin%
li@e this JV_aRVOPacQQSj I sta# in the cit#& but the ans5er to the ,uestion
MVQTV MVVS[V or MVQTVMVVj ;is ")ar around< should be either Ni Ies or
i o
Interro$at#+e
Pronoun
EJu#+alent EHample Mean#n$
SVY Who PVVSVY Who is this
dVY What PVV dVY What is this
P}dVY What VMV PV}dVY What happend
VaO Wh# PVV VaO Wh# is this
PV}dVaO Wh# SVMV PV}dVaO
V JVVSRVSOP
Wh# did #ou leave
the school
VSj Where QQSVVSj Where do #ou live
V`VY When QJVPV ROPQjVRS^VV`VY When does the
school session
be%in
VSKV +o5 VSjVSKV +o5 are #ou
SV +o5 )an# V SaLV PV Q{SV +o5 )an# dollars
did #ou earn
SV +o5 )uch a VdVKU OPQVVSV +o5 )uch is the
price o$ the car
SVaO To 5ho)& 5hose QVàSOPPVVSVaO To 5ho) does the
.1
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
boo@ belon%
UVj Which aQaJVadV cUVj Which $ruit do #ou
li@e
S[V Do #ou Did #ou
Will #ou e.t.c
QSUOPaVNVVS[V +as the sun
appeared
j ;a< sa)e as S[V Q MVVSOPV -VVj +as the )oon
appeared
;b< 5hich ;o$ t5o
thin%s<
~ VjVJV_aRVSOPQ[VbQVj
JVSMVSOP
Do #ou pre$er the
to5n or the villa%e
ote that the Arabic ,uestion )ar@ is eDactl# the sa)e as the Cn%lish
,uestion )ar@ eDcept that it $aces the ri%ht side.
A$ter a preposition dVY& an interro%ative pronoun is %enerall# shortened to~
and 5ritten attached to the preposition& e.%.
VaO $or 5hat& 5h#
V~V till 5hen
V~VVT $or 5hat
UaY $ro) 5hat
ote that the noun ,uali$ied b# V ho5 )uch& )an# is in the accusative
sin%ular. e.%.
d LdVàSV ho5 )an# boo@s
PRVOVSV ho5 )an# bo#s
JVTdUOPaV 5hat ti)e is it
j is an interro%ative adjective %overns a $ollo5in% %enitives& e.%.
SKV Lj 5hich house
[Q VVj 5hich )an
a|dV MOPVj 5hich ;one< o$ the )en
j is ver# o$ten used as co))on %ender and its $e)inine JUVj
ne%lected& e.%. VMKaYVjVj 5hich princess
-0-Introdut#on To Sentene Con&trut#on
A co)plete sentence in Arabic is a co)bination o$ t5o or )ore 5ords in
a 5a# that is )eanin%$ul. CDa)ples3
aVVPVV this is )# pen
V JVOdVMOPQRSV VV`V aid 5rote a letter
The i)perative V S}a #!2 is a co)plete sentence because it consists o$ a
verb and an i)plied subject. A phrase cannot be re%arded as a co)plete
.6
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
sentence no )atter the nu)ber o$ its 5ords MKa\VOPVVTa SVSa ;i$ #ou sit
on the )at< is not a co)plete sentence even thou%h it contains $our
5ords.
A sentence 5hich starts 5ith a noun or pronoun in Arabic is ter)ed a
no)inal sentence JVKaSaPQJVSQOP e.%.
Ma dVQRVOVOP ;the bo# is present<
VMadVQS_aÔP ;the %irl is present<
JVbKaVQJVVS RVOP ;the school is neat<
a[S\VbOPacQKaS ÒP ;the student is in the class<
The $irst noun ;subject< and the second one ;predicate< are used in the
no)inative case.
A sentence 5hich starts 5ith a verb either per$ect or i)per$ect in Arabic
is ter)ed a verbal sentence JUKaSNabOPQJVSQ OP e.%.
Q xdVSVVV Is2hf, sat
V WdVàOPQ[KaTdVSjMS a Is)fsl is readin% the boo@
VVZPaJVVS RVOPVOVaVTQV S Ali is %oin% to the school no5
V JVdVbÒQRVOVOPV[VVj The bo# ate the apple
When the doer [aTdVbOP is a $e)inine a silent ta2 should be added to )a@e
the verb $e)inine e.%.
QV_S VSVVV ainab sat
QJVa dVcSV^V`V *ati)ah 5rote
Q odV_VÔPQ[QSV The %irls are eatin%
10, CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have learnt about relative and interro%ative pronouns in
Arabic %ra))ar. Iou also learnt about the various 5a#s o$ constructin%
si)ple sentences in Arabic.
90, SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith relative and interro%ative pronouns and the various
5a#s o$ constructin% si)ple sentences in Arabic.
1. ?ive $ive eDa)ples o$ no)inal and verbal sentences.
6. What are the relative pronouns
>. What are the interro%ative pronouns "se each in a separate
sentence.
.>
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Ba)fiatun )ina `l2asftidhah ;18.9<. Qawfid-u$-ar% wan-'ahw- li-
u%%-il-ibtidfiyyah, Beirut3 Al2=a@tab2at2Tijfrs (ublishers
A)een +asan Thaiflabi Iah#ah ;1890<. Qawfid Dul-lu#hat-
Arabiyyah li-a%%i th-thflith-il-mutawa$it, Ba%hdad3 =atbaiat
al2AA2har.
.-
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT 1 *IRECTIONS% MEASUREMENTS% E*UCATION
AN* PUNCTUATION MAR;S IN ARA6IC
CONTENTS
1.7Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 Directions
>.6 =easure)ents
>.> Cducation
>.- (unctuation =ar@s in Arabic
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
*urther develop)ent o$ vocabularies is necessar# in this unit especiall#
on =easure)ent& a)es o$ colours and the application o$ punctuation
)ar@s in )odern Arabic literature 5ritin%.
(0,O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit& #ou should be able to ac,uire enou%h vocabularies
that are peculiar to directions& )easure)ents and education. Iou should
be able to identi$# the punctuation )ar@s in Arabic and their uses.
-0,MAIN CONTENT
-01 *#ret#on&
Cast Q xSMV South QWQ_V
West QWSMV orth Q|dVa
-0(Mea&urement&
En$l#&h Ara"# En$l#&h n Ara"#
)illi)etre aMS àKaaY #ard {SdV
)etre a MSàY )etre s,uare S-U LVMVYa MSàY
%ra) ~PVMV a )etre cube SNVVYa MSàY
inch S a )ile [SKaY
@ilo)etre a MSàYSVKa hectare dV`Sa
$oot S~VRV ton SV
.0
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0-Eduat#on
@inder%arten a|dVbS ZPQJVSV al%ebra VMaS]V^S OP
ele)entar#
school ;pri)ar#<
JVKa PVRa`SLPQ JVVSRVOP %eo)etr# QJVVRS_V
secondar# school JVaVd OPQ JVVSRVOP tri%ono)etr# odVV VQYWdV a
boardin% school QJVKa aPV{JVVSRVY )echanics dVKa_VSKaY
lan%ua%es odVQO ph#sics JVNKa^V
arith)etic WdVa che)istr# QdVKaKa
botan# odV^V Aoolo%# PVVKV
%eolo%# JVVRS _V philosoph# JVbVS Vc
sociolo%# Qpda`SP histor# QadV
hall QJVOdV education SKaS NVÒP
*acult# JVKaQ Depart)ent QS a
Bacheloris
de%ree
a dVOPQJV VV{ =asteris de%ree MKa`SaVOPQJVVV {
Doctorate PVQ`SV{ Institute QRVSNVY
*acult# o$ Arts WPV {PQJVKaQ *acult# o$
Sciences
~QQNOPQ JUKaQ
*acult# o$ 'a5 xQQOPQJVKaQ *acult# o$
Cn%ineerin%
JV VRS_VOPQ JUKaQ
*acult# o$
=edicine
aOPQJVKaQ *acult# o$
A%riculture
JVTPV OPQ JUKaQ
*acult# o$
/eterinar#
science
aMVKV ÔPaOPQJVKaQ Institute o$
!ceano%raph#
QRVSNVY c >V
_:o
Institute o$
Archeolo%#
adVPQRVSNVY Institute o$
oriental lan%ua%es
cn o
_a
>.- PUNCTUATION MAR;S IN ARA6IC _. oV
ote Cn%lish translation Arabic
A$ter call and division ;o$ ideas <3 Eh
man, y!u ar" thr"at"n"d with dan#"r
Co))a {}QJVadVbOP
Bet5een t5o sentences& one o$ 5hich is
)otive $or the occurrence o$ the second3 I
kn"w h" w!uld (!m"@ i$ it =!$$ibl" that
h" w!uldn2tF
Se)i colon {}QJVNadVOP
At the end o$ a )eanin%3 Th" $un i$
ri$in#,
*ull stop {}Q JVS_OP
Be$ore an eDpression eDplainin% the
precedin% one3 *" $aid) I am #!in#
Colon JVYVVT
{:}aKaSVÒP
To indicate suppression o$ 5ords3 Th"
=r!%"$$!r (am" and b"#anG,
Dot o$ Suspension uSVOPQJVYVVT
{...}
..
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
A$ter sentences as@in% ,uestions3 4hat i$
y!ur nam"F
Huestion )ar@ JVYVVT
~dVSba`S P
{}
A$ter astonish)ent and i)pact3 th"n h"
l!!k"d at him with ama/"m"ntH
CDcla)ation )ar@ JVYVVT
{!}a|dVNabSP
Double brac@et3 to conve#
co))unication o$ 5ords3 Jibril $aid) II
a==r"(iat"d $il"n(" in li$t"nin# t! th"
=rattl"rJ
Huotation )ar@s JVYVVT
}a dVâ `SP
{F
At the be%innin% and the end o$ an
inserted sentence and to indicate the
chan%e o$ spea@er3 4hat i$ y!ur nam"F-
My nam" i$ Sulaiman
Dash JVadVNOP
{2}
Around nu)bers and so)eti)es $or
brac@etin%3 ?i#ht KLM w!m"n (am",
(arentheses dV SVOP
{; <}
At the end o$ a $oot note indicate that the
subject is continued on the neDt pa%e.
=ar@ continuit# JVYVVT
{=}aJUKSNa LdVÒP
Around an eDpression needed to be
isolated. Al2=aiari# said3 My %ath"r
in%li(t"d !n m" Nalth!u#h th"r" w"r"
many in%li(ti!n$ !n himO whil" I did n!
harm t! any!n"
Brac@ets JVYVVT
MS \VOP
{ }
10,CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have learnt enou%h vocabularies that are peculiar to
directions& and )easure)ents. Iou have also learnt the punctuation
)ar@s in Arabic
90,SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith the 5ords that are peculiar to directions and
)easure)ents. Iou have been introduced to the speci$ic usa%e o$
punctuation )ar@s in Arabic
1. Translate the $ollo5in% 5ords into Arabic
=odern School Institute +all 1inder%arten (h#sics
6. Translate the $ollo5in% 5ords into Cn%lish
Q JVKQVpdVa`SWdVaKVNUÒPa MKa`Sa dVOPJV VV{
>. CDplain the usa%e o$ punctuation )ar@s in Arabic.
.9
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
Anss& I. ;1891<. Al-Lu#hawiyyft, Cairo3 =a@tab2al2Bsl.
ajeeb& IAAud2deen ;6770<. Mar&i2uka-d-3f2im %i Qawf2id-l-Lu#hat-
il-iIn&ili/iyyah, Beddah3 =a@tabat2s2saii (ublishers.
.8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
MO*ULE 1
"nit 1 *ive Selected (assa%es
"nit 6 Conversation and so)e si)ple Arabic poe)s.
UNIT 1 S5ORT ARA6IC PASSAGES
CONTENTS
1.7Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 Short Arabic (assa%e
>.1.1 A eat Bo#
>.1.6 The School
>.1.> !ur Teacher
>.1.- The 'ost (urse
>.1.0 =# *irst Da# in the School
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
+avin% )astered all necessar# vocabularies in the precedin% units& this
unit is basicall# on the short passa%es 5ritten in Arabic. All the 5ords
used in the passa%es are those #ou have been accusto)ed 5ith.
(0, O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit& #ou should be able to read 5ith assi)ilation&
si)ple and short Arabic passa%e.
-0,MAIN CONTENT
-01Short Ara"# Pa&&a$e
-0101 m_b g
1 2 aaYSV SaYPMV^QYQaSKV`S V KaV RVOV
6 2 aaPV MacSaYdVQVS_V
> 2 dbSKVV {adV^S OPVdVS OPQ[aSNV`Sa
- 2 aQ LdU\OPVa dVSOdaLQVQ_QTVQVSVVQ VMSNVVaSKVTPV a}Va SVRVQzQMSbV
0 2 a dVSMQbSOda LQ VdV_SVjQ V_Q
. 2 aJVbVS_aSOda LQVSa Q UV_V`V
9 2 PSMaS OPV~dVYVjQVMSNVQwVMSV
.8
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
TRANSLATION
A NEAT 6OY
1. A neat bo# 5a@es up earl# $ro) his bed.
6. +e %ets up at once $ro) his bed.
>. +e %oes to the bathroo).
-. +e uses cold 5ater in su))er.
0. +e rubs his hands& ar)s& hair& $ace and nec@ 5ith 5ater and soap.
.. +e cleans his teeth 5ith brush.
9. +e dries his bod# 5ith to5el.
8. +e co)bs his hair in $ront o$ a )irror.
-010( a_o
1 2 VMKa VdVQPV MQQVVMKa ^VdV_Q `VVSRVY
6 2 dU OPa U\OPacdVVj
> 2 a JVNaPVaVMS QacQaSVj
- 2 VMKa Va cPVVVWdV LdVVO
0 2 aS MQVVTQaSV QSV
. 2 aSMQVVTQ aSVQVNQSOPV
9 2 PV{SVVQ ^V[S\V c[Qac
8 2 Q MKa dVÛVJVUVdVV`SVV
8 2 a MKa dVÛ OdaLaVQÛOPVVTVSU ROPQ Q`SVQVNQSOP
17 2 VKVNQSOPQ~a MV`SVjVa`VVSRVYaQjdVVj

TRANSLATION
T5E SC5OOL
1. !ur school is bi% and its roo)s are )an#.
6. I a) in class t5o.
>. I sit in a spacious roo).
-. It has a door and )an# 5indo5s.
0. We sit on benches.
.. The teacher sits on a chair.
9. There is a blac@ board in each class.
8. "nder it is a duster and pieces o$ chal@.
8. The teacher 5rites lesson on the blac@board 5ith pieces o$ chal@.
17. I li@e )# school and I respect the teachers.
-010- o o
1 2 Ka VKabVdV_QVNQY
6 2 dV _QLVQVdV _SKVVTQ aSNV
> 2 V[aSQSOPQV\S_V VU RaSOPQ-VQV
- 2 VKaa dU_OPVaYVQV_aORaSOPVVTdV _QVV
97
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
0 2 aQ QSOPVQVV[VVSOPVV WaVSOPQ VMSVdV_QVNQY
. 2 V JVcdVU _OPVaQ QSOPV~VMVVURaSOPVV xSR\OPdV_SKVOa Q^VQV
a SVRaOPVSOPVPVJVTdVV
9 2 a KaS MQdVYaQ[VSNV VQ VS\QQ -VSVVQ âQ QSV
ENGLIS5 TRANSLATION
OUR TEAC5ER
1. !ur teacher is @ind2hearted.
6. +e loves us and trains us.
>. +e encoura%es the assiduous students and advises the ne%li%ent
ones.
-. +e eDhorts us to be dili%ent so that 5e can be success$ul students.
0. !ur teacher hates lies& ne%li%ence& and bad habits.
.. +e )a@es us love truth& dili%ence& noble behaviour& cleanliness&
obedience to Allah and our parents.
9. We love hi)& 5e listen to his advice and 5e do nothin% eDcept
5hat pleases hi).
-0101 oao _
1 2 a a{QQQSKaV VVVa padUOPacaSV[Q VVdV
6 2 QVOQV^V `SPdVYV
> 2 ~VQQS_aYaRSNQLVVTQ VPVVVdVV
- 2 Q VVVV cVVVVKaVKaSOPV PVMVc
0 2 V VVS{VjV`V a[Q UMOPVPVVVVVV
. 2 VS_aYVVVVQKaPVV QVOV|dVVc
9 2 V~VQSOPVMVVVVKaS OPQ[QU MOPVVVVc
8 2 a{Q_OPSaYVaLQVa cdVQSVjV{PVVjV
8 2 d SKVVQSVSVjVV cVQU_VVOVV~VQSOPQVMVV
ENGLIS5 TRANSLATION
T5E LOST PURSE
1< A )an 5as 5al@in% in the street and the purse containin% his
)one# dropped.
6< +e 5as una5are o$ it.
>< A bo# 5as behind hi) in a $ar distance.
-< +e sa5 the purse 5hen it dropped and pic@ed it up.
0< +e ran a$ter the )an until he cau%ht up 5ith hi).
.< +e told hi) this is #our purse. It $ell o$$ #oui
9< The )an %ot the purse and than@ed the bo#
8< +e 5anted to re5ard hi) 5ith so)e a)ount $ro) the )one#
8< The bo# than@ed hi) but re$used to ta@e an#thin%.
91
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0109 a_o _q8 UgV __oj
1 2 aSVQSVVVPMadV LaPVMa cSaYQSVV a |UZPa-Ka LUMOPaMSVa|UZPa~SVKS OPac
a JVVS RVSOPa|QQ RaOP{PVRSNa `SPVJVbKa U_OPVa LdVaQSa^VOVa MSNVQSUVYV
6 2 {VSZPVVYPMKaVQoSRV dVaaMU OPacVa JVVSRVSOPVOaYQjV-VYddV^VQS^V V}
JVaU OPa JVSQNSOPVRSNV LdVSKVOa SaaTQ QMaLVa QMSVYaJVVSRVS OPVOaaSaYVKaâ PV}
> 2 acVadVS ZPVa dVSV ZdaLJVTQS VY JVaRVV MKa^VVNSVYdVKacJVKaVQJVVSRVSOP
oVadVVRaTdVVYdVacVMQ
- 2 aSPV[UVV-QPVVàLQQ`S ^VVjVa JVaSVZPVSNVLa_VOVVV ca JVVSRVS OPQRKaVTdV _VV^SV`SP
JVLdVàSOPVVVPVMaSOPaQVNV`VadV cVaV-VYd VjQKaVLVYQjdV_S`VTU{VUQbVaOVUKVTV
WdVaSOP
0 2 [QaJVV SRVSOPVOaQV S}VjVaLQVcdVVjVaOaS_VYOa PQ MSaYQoSRQTadVVSOPacV
~Q
TRANSLATION

MY FIRST *AY IN T5E SC5OOL
1< !n the $irst da# in the )onth o$ Rabiul2a55al& I rose up ver#
earl# $ro) )# bed& 5ashed )# $ace& co)bed )# hair and 5ore
)# clean dress in preparation to %o to school.
6< I 5ent to the school in the )ornin% 5ith )# )other. I sa5 on the
5a# )an# children %oin% to the school li@e )e. The# 5ere happ#
$or their resu)ption a$ter the lon% holida#.
>< The school is beauti$ul. In it& there is a bi% pla#%round and a
%arden 5ith trees and $lo5ers. There are benches and a table in its
roo)s.
-< The principal o$ the school received us. +e as@ed )e so)e
,uestions and I ans5ered 5ith respect. +e re%istered )# na)e and
placed )e in a class. I bade )# )other $are5ell and I 5as 5ith )#
$riends learnin% readin%& 5ritin% and )athe)atics.
0< I returned to )# ho)e happil# in the evenin% and I a) proud o$
%oin% to the school ever#da#.
10,CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have read so)e si)ple and interestin% passa%es in
Arabic 5ith e)phasis on 5ord usa%e.
90,SUMMARY
We have selected si)ple and interestin% passa%es $or readin% 5ith
e)phasis on 5ord usa%e.
30, TUTOR MAR;E* ASSIGNMENTS
96
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
1. "se the $ollo5in% 5ords in co)plete sentence3
QS_a^S OPQVQÛOPQJVVSRVSOPQ RVOVSOPQWdVàSOP
6. *ill in the %aps 5ith suitable 5ords
1 2 a~SPadVS VjQU\OP
6 2 a MSVacQPS MQSOPV|V V
V SMVSOPVdVbU\OPVKVLQ[KaTdaSat
acQV`V^Ka VQMVQTVaV{
aSMQOPQJVa dVcSVVV
u@hbatun )in Asftidhati2l2Arabi##ah ;18.8<. iAl-&adsd %i -l-
Qirfiatil-Arabiyyah /ol 1& Beirut3 =a@tabatul2=adrasat 5adfr2
ul21itfb2il2'ubnfn.
+a#hat2t2Taili$2li `l2=adfris ;18.-<. Al-Qirf2atu -l-Arabiyyat-il-
*adsthah .ol. 1& Beirut3 Dfru2n2ahdat al2+adsthah.
9>
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
UNIT ( CONVERSATION AN* SOME SIMPLE ARA6IC
POEMS
CONTENTS
1.7Introduction
6.7!bjectives
>.7=ain Content
>.1 Conversation
>.6 Wise Sa#in%s
>.>. Si)ple Arabic (oe)s
-.7 Conclusion
0.7 Su))ar#
10, INTRO*UCTION
This is the concludin% unit o$ this 5or@ and it is a conversation bet5een
t5o people. Si)ilarl#& si)ple Arabic poe)s are added to co)ple)ent
this subject.
(0, O67ECTIVES
At the end o$ this unit #ou should be able to eDpress #oursel$ 5ell enou%h
in a spo@en Arabic lan%ua%e. Iou should be able to @no5 so)e 5ise
sa#in%s and si)ple Arabic poe)s.
-0,MAIN CONTENT
>.1 Con+er&at#on :o>o
:QMVQT aVTdVa MSKVOPQwdV^V
:aVT QMVVTdVa_OPQwdV^V
:QMVQT Q VSV VSjVOa
:aVT aJVVSRVOPVOQ VS}j
:QMVQT Va`V VSRVYacS\VcSV
:aVT |Q\Q cQJVSVa`V VSRVYac
:QMVQT Q QSRV VP}dVY
:aVT aJVKaYSPaodV PaROPaJVKaLV MVNOPVJVOPQ QS{j
:QMVQT aJVKa LVMVNOPaJVOPQ QSRV VP}dVaO
:aVT a~VSPaa MVOPaXMQOPQJVQOaVaVOdVNOPacJUaQYJVQOdUVZaJVKaLV MVNOPaJVOPQ QS{Vj
9-
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
-0( =#&e Sa)#n$&
Correct the son and he 5ill %ive #ou
rest
PMKa^VaaLVUMQP MKaVQ VRVOVV WU{jSVY
Idleness is the root o$ all evil MV[QQdVVjQ[VVSOP
Idleness is the devilis bolster. adV SKVOPQV{dVaQ[VVSOP
Idleness rusts the )ind a[SVNOPQjVRVQ[VVSOP
Idleness is the @e# o$ be%%ar#. Q[VVVOPaMSVbOPQwdV`SbaY
1no5led%e is po5er VQJV caMSNVOP
(atience is a virtue JVKaVcQMSÛ \OP
(lou%h deep and #ou 5ill %et plent# o$
corn
VRVVURVSVY
A $riend in need is a $riend indeed aURaOPacVzdVXSVYQa RV\OP
A hun%r# sto)ach has no ears dNadVQ-aSQVVV a
A 5ord is enou%h $or the 5ise V dVPaKabSVQKaÔP
Acts spea@ louder than 5ords |dVVYSaYQV\S cP|dV UWQ
Advie is ever in 5ant VdVV`SPaVYV WdVV
Al5a#s in a hurr# al5a#s behind VVTQ|QVV[VVTVVTQ hPV MSYVZPa dV
[SVY
As #ou so5& so shall #ou reap. QRQ\SVQpVS VdVY
*ro) othersi $aults& 5ise )en learn. aaMKVaLV VNUPaVYQ[a dVNOP
-0(S#mple Ara"# Poem&
_oV o
o
o
SUVVS VjV\Q WV dVVV O
U OPVSV NVVS ZPdV _VO
QQ_S VVV SuROPQ[aS MQdSMQ
VV `SVcV hSZPVoS MVYV jV
dS a VdU _OPVS^V
STVRSLV jVVhS dV VYVS ^Q[Q
dVS dVV bOPaca{dV V`V SdV UOP
VdcVSoS dVV bOPaudVSOaL
S dV aVdLVPMVVS dU _OdaL
90
oS VVcSV jQdVVYV dV VSa
~dVNS OPacVSjP VV hVSZP
PV}aVcVKacQ XS MQS OPV|V VQRa MVc
dU _VTVSKU OVPV}a VVaVS QO
a MVSa YSRKaNU OPVzdUKV Va L
RKa VaMS VZPacV SVjSRKaNVLV
cVwVSRaRV SOPQ _OPaa LV
SRKa TaMSa bSOPVPVVcSRKa VaSV SOP
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
V _8
V _8
o_ a
aOa dV]_OPVVj
a_aR]]]SbQ awM]]]OdaLS]]VYV]]YQja ]Oad]]U_OP]]VVj
a_SK]]]VQ aR]S]]VY]]VVTS]]VYdV JV]]]SKVOSaYS ]]]VVc
a_SK]]]]a_V]]Q{d]]]V]SaVWS]]VT a{d]]]V oS]]]V \aL
a_KaS]]]]]V`VcM]]]V S]]aYV{SM]]V LS]]aYUV]]VTQ ud]VV
a_K]]]a]SN]]Q`VcdV]]a{d]]V Qj hVM]VYS]]aYV]]VVOVjS]]]aYV
_]]]aRSbQ awM]]]]]]OdaLdV]]VdV]]SaRS cQjuS ]]VaQM]]a L
a_K]aS MQ]]VNSVdV]]]VdVaVd]]]]V_V ]]]acVN]]]SVjV
10, CONCLUSION
In this unit& #ou have read so)e si)ple conversations bet5een t5o
people& 5ise sa#in%s and Arabic poe)s.
90, SUMMARY
We have dealt 5ith conversation bet5een t5o people. Wise sa#in%s and
si)ple Arabic poe)s are added $or learners to )e)oriAe. !ne should
en%a%e onesel$ in interaction on da# to da# activities in the societ#
so as to be 5ell versed in Arabic lan%ua%e.
~SV KSOPa[V NSPaVOa dVa VOa dV
MaVjVaQ Q{acV aTV jVPRKaNV
KacSU ÒPa[V NSPVa ^S VVa SVT
{Va LaS PV_VPV V
daV OadVdVYV dV KSROPSYPV
a VOa
MKaV VoPVTUROPV KaQ YdV
oVdâPVSOPPV{V jVodV VMV ^SOP
a ca ^Ka\VVodNacdU_OPa~QQ NSOdaL
odV aRV SOPa QMQaS aYadVKV OP
[Q Sa V`SPaodV aS OPU[QVa YdV
aV
YQPU aRS_a TSVS OPacdVY[Q
V Od VVcaOSU _VV Va OSoVU KV
Ka YQjS aadVKV YQjdV
QTSRV
WdV ^SjU[Q SPV V SOP YQjabVV
^Q aV OSdVaS daLddVV VSdV_VS OP
S dV TROPQPQ[V ^SVS dVcVS OPV
9.
ARA181 BASIC ARABIC
30, TUTOR MAR;E* ASSIGNMENT
1. Ans5er the $ollo5in% ,uestions3
VKVOaadU_OPVV jSVYj
VYQjVSVVSKVVTQaV PV}dVYW
VYQ jVVOPQ SMVPV}dVYt
6. *ill in the %aps 5ith suitable 5ords
~SVKS OPS[VNSPaVOadVj ............................................
dVVYVdVVSa W ................................................
|VV t ...............................................................
aYUVVTQ udVV{ ..............................................
'ajnatun $i 5iAfrat at2tarbi#ah ;1899<. al-Qirf2tu -l D
(
arabiyyat li D
a%%i -r D Bfbi
(
i-l ibtidfis& Ba%hdfd3 =at2ba
c
at "$sst li `n2nashr.
=a
c
had at2Tarbi#ah& ;677-<. Al-Qirf atu -l D
(
Arabiyyatu -l Jaddah li
`l2 madri$i -l D Ibtid2iyyah vol. iv. fria3 Ah)adu Bello
"niversit# (ress.
99

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ARA 181

<& and 3ammah is

E ho5ever& 5hen these vo5els are doubled the# produce

I treated #ou 5ell ;)<

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