create table dept( 2 deptno number(2,0) constraint dept_deptno_pk primary key 3 constraint dept_deptno_ck check (deptno between 10 and

90), 4 dname varchar2(20) constraint dept_dname_nn not null); 5 create table emp( 6 empno number(4,0) constraint emp_empno_pk primary key, 7 ename varchar2(20) constraint emp_ename_nn not null, 8 mgr number (4,0) constraint emp_mgr_fk references emp (empno), 9 dob date, 10 hiredate date, 11 deptno number(2,0) constraint emp_deptno_fk references dept(deptno) 12 on delete set null, 13 email varchar2(30) constraint emp_email_uk unique, 14 constraint emp_hiredate_ck check (hiredate >= dob + 365*16), 15 constraint emp_email_ck 16 check ((instr(email,'@') > 0) and (instr(email,'.') > 0)));

Adding columns:
alter table emp add (job_id number);

Modifying columns:
alter table emp modify (comm number(4,2) default 0.05);

Dropping columns:
alter table emp drop column comm;

Marking columns as unused:

alter table emp set unused column job_id;

Renaming columns:
alter table emp rename column hiredate to recruited;

Marking the table as read-only:

alter table emp read only;

ALTER TABLE tablename DROP UNUSED COLUMNS;