War doesnt show who is right it tells just who is left-

PRESENTED BY: ARNEET KAUR 10TH-R

EFFECTS OF WAR
Refugees Invasive Species Infrastructure Collapse Scorched Earth Practices Biological, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons

Refugees
When warfare causes the mass movement of people, the resulting impacts on the environment can be catastrophic. Widespread deforestation, unchecked hunting, soil erosion and contamination of land and water by human waste occur when thousands of humans are forced to settle in a new area. During the Rwandan conflict in 1994, much of that country's Akagera National Park was opened to refugees; as a result, local populations of animals like the roan antelope and the eland became extinct.

Invasive Species
Military ships, cargo airplanes and trucks often carry more than soldiers and munitions; non-native plants and animals can also ride along, invading new areas and wiping out native species in the process. Laysan Island in the Pacific Ocean was once home to a number of rare plants and animals, but troop movements during and after World War IIintroduced rats that nearly wiped out the Laysan finch and the Laysan rail, as well as bringing in sandbur, an invasive plant that crowds out the native bunchgrass that local birds depend on for habitat.

Infrastructure Collapse
Among the first and most vulnerable targets of attack in a military campaign are the enemy's roads, bridges, utilities and other infrastructure. While these don't form part of the natural environment, the destruction of wastewater treatment plants, for example, severely degrades regional water quality. During the 1990s fighting in Croatia, chemical manufacturing plants were bombed; because treatment facilities for chemical spills weren't functioning, toxins flowed downstream unchecked until the conflict ended.

Scorched Earth Practices

Even in regions not directly affected by warfare, increased production in manufacturing, agriculture and other industries that support a war effort can wreak havoc on the natural environment. "These provide a revenue stream that is used to buy weapons," said Bruch.

Biological, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons

The production, testing, transport and use of these advanced weapons are perhaps the single most destructive effects of war on the environment. Though their use has been strictly limited since the bombing of Japan by the U.S. military at the end of World War II, military analysts have grave concerns about the proliferation of nuclear material and chemical and biological weaponry.

INCREASE IN ALLOCATION TO DEFENCE BUDGET

While the effects of war on the environment may be obvious, what's less clear are the ways that environmental damage itself leads to conflict. Factions in resource-poor countries like those in Africa, the Mideast and Southeast Asia have historically used military force for material gain; they have few other options. once armed conflict begins, soldiers and populations under siege must find immediate sources of food, water and shelter, so they're forced to adapt their thinking to shortterm solutions, not long-term sustainability. This short-term desperation leads to a vicious cycle of conflict, followed by people who meet their immediate needs in unsustainable ways, bringing deprivation and disillusionment, which then leads to more conflict.

CRISES IN ARAB WORLD

INDO-PAK

ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN PEACE TALK

The National Peace Council was founded in after the 17th Universal Peace Congress in London (July August 1908). Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) of India was one of the most influential spokesman for peace and non-violence in the 20th century. Gandhism comprises the ideas and principles Gandhi promoted. Of central importance is nonviolent resistance. Progressive Party supported appeasement of the Soviet Union and a ban on nuclear weapons. They opposed the Berlin airlift and the Marshall Plan. They received over one million popular votes but no electoral votes.

WAGING WAR IS IT ALL NECESSARY