MCS-51 & Assembly language 1

Lp trnh Assembly cho

MCS-51
Nguyn Quc Cng
B mn 3i HBK HN
MCS-51 & Assembly language 2
Plan
Tp lnh MCS-51
Ngn ng Assembly s dng phn mm Keil
Gii thiu Phn mm m phng mch in Proteus
V d
MCS-51 & Assembly language 3
Tp lnh
Vi x l u c mt tp lnh
Cc lnh c c ct trong b nh chng trnh
di dng cc m lnh nh phn
thun tin cho vic lp trnh:
Cc m lnh c quy c vit dng gi nh
(mnemonic)
Cn chng trnh dch cc mnemonic qua m my
(Assembler): Hp ng
MCS-51 & Assembly language 4
Chng trnh s dng hp ng
EDITOR
PROGRAM
ASSEMBLER
PROGRAM
LINKER
PROGRAM
OH
PROGRAM
Myfile.asm
Myfile.obj
Other obj file
Myfile.lst
Myfile.abs
Myfile.hex
MCS-51 & Assembly language 5
Mt s thut ng
Assembly:
l mt cch th hin cc code lnh ca mt CPU di dng cc k
hiu m con ngi c th d dng c
Assembler:
phn mm chy trn my tnh c kh nng dch cc file vit bng
Assembly sang dng object file
Object code:
Cha cc m lnh dng binary
Object file:
Object code
Thng tin v relocation phc v cho linhker
MCS-51 & Assembly language 6
Linhker
Chng trnh c kh nng tp hp cc object file to
thnh mt chng trnh duy nht c th executable
Segment
L mt n v b nh code hoc data.
C nhiu kiu segment trong mt chng trnh Assembly
Absolute segment: c nh khng th thay i
Relocatable segment: c cc thuc tnh i km cho php linker
ghp nhiu segments li vi nhau trc khi to ra mt chng
trnh executable
MCS-51 & Assembly language 7
Tp lnh MCS-51
Gm 255 lnh:
139 lnh 1 byte
92 lnh 2 byte
24 lnh 3 byte
c chia thnh cc nhm lnh
S hc
Logic
Chuyn data
Kim tra iu kin (Boolean Instructions)
iu khin chng trnh
MCS-51 & Assembly language 8
Assembly cho MCS-51 (Standard)
Keil cung cp 4 tools
A51 Macro Assembly (\Keil\C51\Bin\A51.EXE)
BL51 Linker/Locator (\Keil\C51\Bin\BL51.EXE)
LIB51 Library Manager (\Keil\C51\Bin\LIB51.EXE)
OH51 Object-Hex Converter (\Keil\C51\Bin\OH51.EXE)
MCS-51 & Assembly language 9
Cc bc to
mt chng
trnh s dng
Keil ASM
PL/M 51: l ngn ng bc cao c Intel
pht trin vo nhng nm 1980
MCS-51 & Assembly language 10
Cu trc mt chng trnh ASM
Cc lnh (statements) ASM gm
Cc t kha iu khin chng trnh assembler (assembler control)
Cc t kha nh hng cho chng trnh dch (assembler directive)
Cc lnh my (instruction)
Mi dng ch c th cha duy nht mt lnh assembler
control hoc assembler directive hoc mnemonic
Mi lnh phi vit trn mt dng
Cc tham bin hoc cc ton hng ca cc lnh c phn
bit vi cc lnh t nht bi mt space
Chng trnh assembly phi c kt thc bi asm directive
END, cc statements sau t kha END s b b qua
MCS-51 & Assembly language 11
$TITLE (Demo Program #1)
CSEG AT 0000h
JMP $
END
TITLE assembler control
JMP instruction mnemonic
CSEG, END assembler derective
MCS-51 & Assembly language 12
Lnh my
[;comment] [, operand] [, operand] [operand] mnemonic [label:]
[ ] c ngha rng trng l optional
label: nhn c dng nh du a ch m ti lnh c t
mnemonic dng gi nh ca lnh my
operand ton hng
comment li ch thch
MCS-51 & Assembly language 13
Directive
nh hng cho chng trnh dch ASM
Cch x l cc lnh mnemonic trong chng trnh
nh ngha cc k t, t trc cc nh,...
Khng sinh ra code lnh executable (ngoi tr mt s
directive DB v DW), bao gm cc nhm:
Segment control
Symbol definition
Memory Initialization
Reserving Memory
Program linkage
Address control
Other
MCS-51 & Assembly language 14
Segment control
Generic Segments
C tn v mt lp cc thuc tnh i km
Cc Generic Segment c cng tn cc object file khc
nhau s c ghp li thnh mt segment khi linhker
Cc t kha: SEGMENT, RSEG
Absolute Segments
Dng nh ngha cc vng nh xc nh
Cc t kha: CSEG, BSEG, DSEG, ISEG, XSEG
MCS-51 & Assembly language 15
SEGMENT
segment SEGMENT class reloctype alloctype
segment tn ca segment
SEGMENT t kha
class ch ra khng gian cc lp b nh (code, data, idata, xdata...)
reloctype xc nh hot ng relocation cho linker
allotype xc nh hot ng allocation cho linker
MCS-51 & Assembly language 16
RSEG
RSEG segment
RSEG t kha
segment tn ca generic segment c nh ngha trc bi
t kha SEGMENT
RSEG c dng La chn mt generic segment c nh ngha bi
SEGMENT
V d:
MYPROG SEGMENT CODE ; declare a segment
RSEG MYPROG ; select the segment
MOV A, #0
MOV P0, A
MCS-51 & Assembly language 17
BSEG, CSEG, DSEG, ISEG, XSEG
BSEG AT address defines an absolute BIT segment.
CSEG AT address defines an absolute CODE segment.
DSEG AT address defines an absolute DATA segment.
ISEG AT address defines an absolute IDATA segment.
XSEG AT address defines an absolute XDATA segment.
Thng bo vi chng trnh linker mt segment ti mt a ch nh trc
MCS-51 & Assembly language 18
inh ngha cc k hiu (Symbol directive)
Cho php s dng cc k hiu biu din thanh
ghi. a ch, cc s
Cc k hiu c nh ngha s khng c nh
ngha li, ngoi tr lnh SET
MCS-51 & Assembly language 19
EQU, SET
symbol EQU expression
symbol EQU register
symbol SET expression
symbol SET register
symbol tn ca k hiu
expression biu thc s, c th cha cc k hiu nhng phi c
khai bo trc
register thanh ghi: A, R0-R7
symbol c nh ngha vi EQU s khng c nh ngha li
Khng th s dng EQU nh ngha li cc symbol nh ngha bi SET v ngc li
MCS-51 & Assembly language 20
V d:
LIMIT EQU 1200
VALUE EQU LIMIT 200 + 'A'
SERIAL EQU SBUF
ACCU EQU A
COUNT EQU R5
VALUE SET 100
VALUE SET VALUE / 2
COUNTER SET R1
TEMP SET COUNTER
TEMP SET VALUE * VALUE
MCS-51 & Assembly language 21
BIT, DATA, CODE, IDATA, XDATA
symbol BIT bit_address defines a BIT symbol
symbol CODE code_address defines a CODE symbol
symbol DATA data_address defines a DATA symbol
symbol IDATA idata_address defines an IDATA symbol
symbol XDATA xdata_address defines a XDATA symbol
symbol is the name of the symbol to define. The symbol name can
be used anywhere an address of this memory class is valid.
bit_address is the address of a bit in internal data memory in the area
20H .. 2FH or a bit address of an 8051 bit-addressable SFR.
code_address is a code address in the range 0000H .. 0FFFFH.
data_address is a data memory address in the range 0 to 127 or a special
function register (SFR) address in the range 128 .. 255.
idata_address is an idata memory address in the range 0 to 255.
xdata_address is an xdata memory address in the range 0 to 65535.
MCS-51 & Assembly language 22
V d:
DATA_SEG SEGMENT BITADDRESSABLE
RSEG DATA_SEG ; a bit-addressable rel_seg
ENABLE_FLAG BIT 60H ; an absolute bit
DONE_FLAG BIT 24H.2 ; an absolute bit
P1_BIT2 EQU 90H.2 ; a SFR bit
RESTART CODE 00H
INTVEC_0 CODE RESTART + 3
INTVEC_1 CODE RESTART + 0BH
INTVEC_2 CODE RESTART + 1BH
SERBUF DATA SBUF ; redfinition of SBUF
RESULT DATA 40H
RESULT2 DATA RESULT + 2
PORT1 DATA 90H ; a SFR symbol
BUFFER IDATA 60H
BUF_LEN EQU 20H
BUF_END IDATA BUFFER + BUF_LEN 1
MCS-51 & Assembly language 23
sfr, sbit
sfr sfr_symbol = address;
sbit sfr_symbol = bit-address;
sfr_symbol is the name of the special function register (SFR) symbol to define.
address is an SFR address in the range 0x80 0xFF.
bit-address is address of an SFR bit in the format address ^ bitpos or
sfr_symbol ^ bitpos. address or sfr_symbol refers to an bitaddressable
SFR and bitpos specifies the bit position of the SFR bit in the range 0 7.
V d:
sfr P0 = 0x80;
sfr P1 = 0x90;
sbit P0_0 = P0^0;
sbit P1_1 = 0x90^1;
MCS-51 & Assembly language 24
Khi to b nh (Memory initialization)
Khi to cc gi tr trong b nh code
T kha
DB define byte (8 bits)
DW define word (16 bits)
MCS-51 & Assembly language 25
label: DB expression , expression ...
label: DW expression , expression
label: is the symbol that is given the address of the initialized memory.
expression is a byte value. Each expression may be a symbol,
a character string, or an expression.
V d:
REQUEST: DB 'PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE', 0
TABLE: DW TABLE, TABLE + 10, ZERO
ZERO: DW 0
MCS-51 & Assembly language 26
Reserving memory
Khai bo dung lng vng b nh s c s dng
T kha
DBIT khai bo vng b nh bit
DS khai bo vng b nh byte
MCS-51 & Assembly language 27
DBIT, DS
label: DBIT expression
label: DS expression
label is the symbol that is given the address of the reserved memory. The label
is a typeless number and gets the current address value and the memory
class of the active segment. The label can only be used where a symbol of
this type is allowed.
expression is the number of bit (DBIT) or bytes (DS) to reserve. The expression cannot
contain forward references, relocatable symbols, or external symbols.
ON_FLAG: DBIT 1 ; reserve 1 bit
OFF_FLAG: DBIT 1
GAP: DS (($ + 16) AND 0FFF0H) $
DS 20
TIME: DS 8
V d:
MCS-51 & Assembly language 28
Lin kt chng trnh (Program linkage)
S dng cc inh hng lin kt chng trnh cho php
Phn chia mt chng trnh thnh cc module (file) ring bit
Cc module trao i vi nhau thng qua tn v cc tham chiu
C 3 kiu nh hng
PUBLICa ra danh sch cc k hiu (symbol) c dng bn ngoi
module. Symbol phi c nh ngha trong module co t kha
PUBLIC
EXTRN a ra danh sch cc symbol m module c th s dng
nhng cc symbol ny c nh ngha trong module khc
NAME ch ra tn ca mudule
MCS-51 & Assembly language 29
PUBLIC
PUBLIC symbol , symbol
symbol must be a symbol that was defined somewhere within the source file.
Forward references to symbol names are permitted. All symbol names,
with the exception of register symbols and segment symbols, may be
specified with the
PUBLIC directive. Multiple symbols must be separated with a comma (,).
V d:
PUBLIC PUT_CRLF, PUT_STRING,
PUT_EOS
PUBLIC ASCBIN, BINASC
PUBLIC GETTOKEN, GETNUMBER
MCS-51 & Assembly language 30
EXTRN
EXTRN class (symbol , symbol )
class is the memory class where the symbol has been defined and
may be one of the following: BIT, CODE, DATA, IDATA, XDATA, or
NUMBER (to specify atypeless symbol).
symbol is an external symbol name.
V d:
EXTRN CODE (PUT_CRLF), DATA (BUFFER)
EXTERN CODE (BINASC, ASCBIN)
MCS-51 & Assembly language 31
NAME
NAME modulename
modulename is the name to use for the object module and can be up to 40
characters long. The modulename must adhere to the rules
for symbol names.
Nu tn ca module khng c ch ra bi directive NAME th tn file (khng c
phn m rng) s c s dng
Ch c mt NAME c s dng trong mt file
MCS-51 & Assembly language 32
Address control
nh hng cho chng trnh dch bit a ch ni s
t code lnh hoc a ch ca cc thanh ghi s dng
C 2 kiu
ORG thay i ni dung ca b m a ch n
mt gi tr mi. Cc statements tip theo sau s c t
bt u t a ch mi
USING ch ra bank thanh ghi no c s dng
cho R0 n R7
MCS-51 & Assembly language 33
ORG
ORG expression
expression must be an absolute or simple relocatable expression without
any forward references. Only absolute addresses or symbol
values in the current segment may be used.
Nu ORG xut hin trong mt absolute segment th gi tr expression l gi tr
tuyt i
Nu ORG xut hin trong mt relocatable segment th gi tr ca expression c
coi l gi tr offset
V d:
ORG 100H
ORG RESTART
MCS-51 & Assembly language 34
USING
USING expression
expression is the register bank number which must be a value between
0 and 3.
USING khng to ra bt k mt code lnh thay i register bank, n ch n gin
l s dng a ch tuyt i ca cc thanh ghi
USING 3
PUSH AR2 ; Push register 2 in bank 3
USING 1
PUSH AR2 ; Push register 2 in bank 1
MCS-51 & Assembly language 35
Phn mm Proteus
Phn mm ca hng Labcenter Electronics Ltd
(http://www.labcenter.co.uk)
Gi phn mm
V mch nguyn l, mch in
M phng s dng SPICE
VSM (Virtrual System Modelling) cho php m phng ch mixed
gia tng t v s (bao gm c cc h thng c s dng cc chip vi
iu khin)
Gi phn mm ty thuc vo tnh nng m khch hng la
chn
Ti liu tham kho c rt t, ch yu l cc file help i km
MCS-51 & Assembly language 36
MCS-51 & Assembly language 37
V d 1
Vit chng trnh assembler kim tra cng P1.5, nu
bng 0 th thit lp P1.6 = 1
bng 1 th thit lp P1.6 = 0
Qu trnh kim tra clp li cho n khi tt ngun
MCS-51 & Assembly language 38
V d 2
Vit chng trnh assembler pht ra xung vung c
chu k 20ms vi duty cycle 50% ti cng P1.0 (s
dng timer). Bit tn s clock ca MCU l 12MHz