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BKG3493 GAS SYSTEM MATERIALS & COMPONENTS

CHAPTER 1 REVIEW OF GAS SYSTEMS

TOPIC OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
i) Explain the overview of gas industry in Malaysia

ii) Differentiate between NG, LPG and LNG supply chains

iii) Explain the supply pressure and materials used for transporting NG, LPG and LNG to the users

Worldwide Natural Gas Consumption

An increasing demand for natural gas as a fuel as well as a feed for petrochemical and chemicals plants throughout the world. Natural gas has played a major role in meeting energy demand in North America, Western and Eastern European countries, and industrialized Asia due to its availability and environmental acceptance. Advantages of using natural gas includes abundance resources compared to crude oil, most clean burning, efficient, economic, etc.

Among the multinational companies in gas (and oil) industry

Natural Gas Supply Chain

Offshore Exploration and Production platforms (Lawit, Jernih, Resak, Duyong, Bekok, Sotong, Guntong, and etc)

Subsea Pipeline

Gas Processing Plants (A & B)

PGU Line
500-1000 psig

City Gate

Odorizer Station
Feeder Line
260 psig

Residential

Area Station

Supply pressure dictates the material used for the pipeline!

Commercial

Regulating Station

Distribution Line District

60 psig

Station

Commercial

Service Station

Industrial/ Cogenaration

Service Station
> 29 psig

LPG Supply Chain/ LPG Reticulation System

LPG Manifold System

First Stage Regulator

Second Stage Regulator

Residential & Commercial Customers

LPG Bulk Storage

(60 to 80 psi)

5.0 psi

0.5 psi

LNG Supply Chain

Gas Field

Liquefaction Plant

Shipping

Load Centers Pipeline & Distribution Load Centers Receiving Terminal + Re-gasification

Cryogenic condition mainly dictates the materials used for piping and storage systems!

Gas Utilization Policy in Malaysia

In Peninsular Malaysia, natural gas and LPG are mainly utilized for meeting continuous domestic demands from residential/household, commercial and industrial users. Domestic/household utilizations water heating and boiling, cooking, drying and etc. Commercial utilizations restaurants (heating and cooking), hotels (heating, sauna, Jacuzzi), malls (heating, air conditioning), and etc. Industrial utilizations heating, production of steam, power generations, NGV, feedstock for chemicals productions, and etc. In East Malaysia, particularly in Sarawak, natural gas is exported in the form of LNG.

Peninsular Gas Utilisation (PGU) Project

Owned by Petronas Gas Berhad (PGB) Started on 1983 and completed on 1999/2000 GPP A (1,2,3 & 4) and GPP B (5 & 6) 3 phases Phase I from Kertih to Paka and to Kuantan Phase II from Kuantan to Singapore and Klang (via Segamat) Phase III from Klang to Padang Besar Parallel line act as loop

Gas Processing Plant and Gas Liquefaction Plant

Produce treated natural gas (sales gas) to meet pipeline requirements and customers specifications
Involve several processing steps such as gas dehydration, gas sweetening, gas conditioning, dew point control, and etc. In LNG production, raw natural gas must be treated to avoid equipment plugging during liquefaction process.

Gas Processing Plant

GPP 1 2 3 4 5 6

Capacity (mmscfd) 250 250 250 250 500 500

Gas in 1984 1992 1992 1994 1998 1999

Gas Piping System in Malaysia

Gas Transmission System Steel pipe with high tensile strength Pipe diameter ranges from 24 inches to 36 inches Pressure ranges from 500 psig to 1000 psig (3400-6900 kPa) Capable of transporting large volume of gas Comprise large compression station (such as in Segamat)

Gas Piping System in Malaysia

Gas distribution Distribute gas to the customers/users Gas users are from industrial, commercial and residential System components City Gates and Odorisation Station District Station Service Station Piping comprises of Feeder line (steel pipe) Distribution line (steel pipe or PE pipe) Service line (steel pipe or copper pipe) Internal pipe (carbon steel or copper pipe) Pipe size less than 24 inches Operated by Gas Malaysia Sdn. Bhd (GMSB)

Codes and Standards (Malaysian) Related to Piping Materials

MS 930 Code of Standards for the Installation of Gas Piping System and Appliances MS 830 Code of Standards for the Storage, Handling and Transportation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Q&A

LIST DOWN
Characteristics of piped gas Safety requirements in design, construction and maintenance of LPG and NG

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