Cold War Roots

Conference at Yalta

Soviet Union fought West controlling all of Eastern Europe United States and Britain fought East controlling Western Europe Met in middle - Germany

Yalta

United States, Britain, Soviet Union Agreed: Divide Germany into zones

East Germany = German Democratic Republic West Germany = Federal Republic of Germany

Germany will pay (reparations?) to Soviet Union for loss of life and property Free Elections in Eastern Europe

Division of Germany (Yalta) & Berlin (Potsdam)

Goals of the 2 Super Powers

United States Encourage Democracy to prevent spread of Communism Access materials and markets to fuel economy Rebuild European governments for stability Reunite Germany stability and security
Soviet Union

Encourage Communism for worldwide workers revolution (Spread Communism) Rebuild its economy using Eastern Europes resources Use Eastern Europe as a buffer from the West Keep Germany divided to prevent war (France?)

Wall of Satellite Nations

Shield itself from a Western invasion

History of European invasions

Soviets pushed Nazis West capturing Eastern Europe Free Elections?

Installed Communist Governments: Romania, Bulgaria

Iron Curtain Video

Iron Curtain represents the division between

Mostly Democratic Western Europe Communist Eastern Europe

Go To RealPlayer

Truman Doctrine

I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure.

Truman, March 12, 1947

Truman Doctrine: limiting Communism to the areas it already controlled, Containment

Marshall Plan

Post war Europe was destroyed, breeding ground for Communism Marshall Plan: massive aid program, including food and economic assistance to help rebuild European countries Stalin rejected Marshall Plan

Berlin Airlift
of Berlin controlled by Western Democracies lay deep within Eastern Germany June, 1948 : Sealed off rail and highway access to Berlin (lack of utlities) Western Response: Massive airlift for more than a year with food, medicine and fuel Why?

Define the following on this paper:

North Atlantic Treaty Organization Warsaw Pact