SPH4U0!

! ! !

Names:___________________________________________________!

! LEARNING GOAL! ! ! Determine the relation between mass, radius and initial angle to the period of pendulum motion! ! ! APPLICATIONS OF PENDULUMS! !
! While walking, our legs act as a coupled system of pendulums. The leg supporting our weight! is analogous to an inverted pendulum with the suspense point on the ground and the swinging leg analogous to a damped pendulum. As we learn how to walk, we learn to control this system in such a way that will minimize our energy usage. The variables of step length and frequency are essential parameter of the modelled system. Coupled pendulum motion is a signicant simplication of walking, however the pendulum remains the fundamental mechanism in walking. !

Pendulum Motion Lab

! Perhaps the most common application of pendulum motion is seen in grandfather clocks. Every time the pendulum goes back and forth, it moves a gear one notch. Gears are then used to move the hands of the clock. If the clock runs to fast or too slow, the length of the pendulum would be adjusted in these clocks. Modern clocks use the oscillations of quartz to keep time, usually one second per pulse. Temperature uctuations affect the period of quartzs oscillation. Quartz watch manufacture recommend wearing their watches regularly to reduce the magnitude of environmental temperature swings. Quartz watch cases form a crystal oven that uses the stable temperature of the human body to keep the crystal in its most accurate temperature range. !

! Foucault Pendulums demonstrate the rotation of the Earth. These pendulums were the rst simple proof for the ration of Earth in a was to see experiment. Foucault pendulums consist of a tall pendulum free to swing in any vertical plane. The actual plane of the swing nap pears to rotate relative to the Earth. The wire needs to be as long as possible, typically 12-30m. To see the rotation of the vertical plane, many focal pendulums touch a bed of sand or have a marking tip at the end. A clockwise turn points to a location in the north hemisphere. !

! ! INVESTIGATION! ! ! !
! "

! You will be determining how mass, radius and initial angle affects the period of pendulum motion. Use the tables on the following page to experiment how each parameter affects the period, remembering to keep the other parameters constant. !

Use at least ten different trails per parameter investigation. ! When calculating the period, use at least 5 full cycles for your calculations. ! Initial angle should not be bigger than 50!

! !

Mass investigation!
Mass Radius Initial Angle Cycles Time

! ! ! !

Radius Investigation"
Mass Radius Initial Angle Cycles Time

! ! ! !

Initial Angle Investigation!

Mass Radius Initial Angle Cycles Time

! ! ! ! ! ! !

! Finally, create a system of at least three pendulum all with different radius but constant mass. Keep it simply by adding 5 or 10 cm between each pendulum. Using a rule, begin the system at the same time and initial angle. Determine the amount of time it takes for the system to come back to its initial state. You may need to work other groups to set up a larger system of pendulums. !

Mass 1 2 3 4 5

Initial Angle

Radius

Period

Return time