TOPIC 4

ELECTRIC CURRENT

Objectives:
 The students are able to read passages regarding electric current.
 The students are able to answer questions regarding electric current based on
the passage given.
 The students are able to answer the question regarding job vacancy in
electrical engineering area.
 The students are able to write an application letter and curriculum vitae based
on job vacancy in electrical engineering area.

1. Electric Current
Read the passage and answer the questions!
The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity
of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged
particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a
current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will
not flow through an electrical insulator.
By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same
direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive
part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is
called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around
an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive
in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the
conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either
direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is
widely used to simplify this situation.
The process by which electric current passes through a material is
termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles
and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents
include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal,
and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas
such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly,
sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimeter per
second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of
light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires.
Current causes several observable effects, which historically were the means
of recognizing its presence. That water could be decomposed by the current from a
voltaic pile was discovered by Nicholson and Carlisle in 1800, a process now known
as electrolysis. Their work was greatly expanded upon by Michael Faraday in 1833.
Current through a resistance causes localized heating, an effect James Prescott
Joule studied mathematically in 1840. One of the most important discoveries relating
to current was made accidentally by Hans Christian Ørsted in 1820, when, while
preparing a lecture, he witnessed the current in a wire disturbing the needle of a
magnetic compass. He had discovered electromagnetism, a fundamental interaction
between electricity and magnetics. The level of electromagnetic emissions generated
by electric arcing is high enough to produce electromagnetic interference, which can
be detrimental to the workings of adjacent equipment.
In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being
either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the
current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and
required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of
a circuit to the negative. If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they
will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that
reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine
wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the
charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating
current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse.
Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed
under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties
however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when
first energized.

QUESTIONS:
 1) What is an electric current?
2) What is the unit of the intensity of electric current?
3) Can electric current flow through electrical conductors?
4) Will the electric current flow through an electrical insulator?

2. Applying for a job

There are a number of different ways people find jobs. Friends or relatives
might tell them that their company needs someone for a particular position, or
government or private agencies who specialize in ‘job finding’ could help. Some
people write directly to companies to ask if there are vacancies even if a post has not
been advertised. Most people, however, find a job through advertisements in
newspapers or magazines through the situation vacant columns. The following is the
example of an advertisement telling about job vacancy in Electrical Engineering Area.

Sonar Post, 10 Oct. 2019

JOB VACANCY
OPERATOR

Required by PT PRATAMA
Requirements include:
- Ability to work in a team as well as individual
- Ability to work hard and under pressure
- English literate
- Computer literate
- Single male or female under 24 years of age
- Electrical Engineering background
with minimum GPA = 3.00
- Health with minimum height of 160 cm and free of drug.
- Experience will be useful, but not essential.
Good salary and other remuneration based on the score of the test and experience.

Please reply with typed C.V. to:

Recruitment Team
PT PRATAMA
PO BOX 1111
Palembang, 3000
Not more than 15 October 2019

The following is the example of application letter.

Recruitment team, PT PRATAMA Jalan Padi 2 Blok A No. 11
Po Box 1111 Perumahan Pusri Sako kenten
Palembang 3000 Palembang
South Sumatera South Sumatera

10 October 2019

Dear Sir

I would like to apply for the post of operator advertised in today’s Sonar Post.

As you can see from my curriculum vitae, I am a single male and my age is
twenty-one. I am a fresh graduate and my GPA is 3.60. I have graduated from
State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya majoring in Electrical Engineering. I am
accustomed to work in a team as well as individual in our laboratory (Electrical
laboratory-State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya). Therefore, it is not hard for me to
work in a team as well as individual later in your company. I can assure you
that I am a discipline and hard worker. I always come on time to my campus,
and I do all the tasks given by my lecturers well and on time. Sometimes I
should complete some tasks at the same time. I can handle them well because
I can work under pressure. My English and computer are very well. My TOEFL
score is 500 and I can operate computer very well. The certificate from the
doctor proves that I am a healthy man and free from drug and alcohol. My
height is 170 cm.

I enclose my curriculum vitae and will be available for interview any day.
I look forward to your reply.

Yours faithfully

Jonathan Firdaus

Jonathan Firdaus

Enc.1
Here is another example of application letter.

Bapak Hatta Yudistira Jalan Padi 2 Blok A No. 11

Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Perumahan Pusri Sako Kenten
Palembang Palembang
South Sumatera South Sumatera

11 October 2019

Dear Sir

I would like to apply for the post of FGDP in Plant advertised in

www.kppmining.com

As you can see from my curriculum vitae, I am a single male and my age is
twenty-one. I am a fresh graduate and my GPA is 3.60. I have graduated from
State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya majoring in Electrical Engineering. I am
accustomed to work in a team as well as individual in our laboratory (Electrical
Laboratory-State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya). Therefore, it is not hard for me to
work in a team as well as individual later in your company. I can assure you
that I am a discipline and hard worker. I always come on time to my campus,
and I do all the tasks given by my lecturers well and on time. Sometimes I
should complete some tasks at the same time. I can handle them well because
I can work under pressure. My English and computer are very well. My TOEFL
score is 500 and I can operate computer very well. The certificate from the
doctor proves that I am a healthy man and free from drug and alcohol. My
height is 170 cm.

I enclose my curriculum vitae and will be available for interview any day.
I look forward to your reply.

Yours faithfully

Jonathan Firdaus

Jonathan Firdaus

Enc.1
The following is the example of curriculum vitae.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Jonathan Firdaus

Address : Jalan Padi 2 Blok A No. 11
Perumahan Pusri Sako Kenten Palembang
Phone Number : 081368075233
Email Address : jonathan_firdaus@yahoo.com
Marital status : Single
Place and date of Birth: Palembang, 23 September 1998
Religion : Islam
Educational Background:
- Elementary School Number 30 Palembang, South Sumatera, 2010
- Junior High School Number 10 Palembang, South Sumatera, 2013
- Senior High School Number 2 Palembang, South Sumatera, 2016
- State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Electrical Engineering Study
Program, South Sumatera, 2019
Qualification :
- Senior High School Number 2 Palembang, GPA = 7.7 (on the scale of
10)
- State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Electrical Engineering Study Program
GPA = 3.60 (on the scale of 4)
- Advanced Level Certificate, ABC English Course, Palembang, 2016
- TOEFL prediction = 500 (Language Centre, ABC English Course, 2019)
- Ms Office Certificate, Siap Kerja, Palembang, 2016
- AutoCAD Certificate, Siap Kerja, Palembang, 2017
Interests: Reading, Playing Football, Listening Music, Playing Guitar
Reference:
- Suratman Dirga, S.T., M.T., a lecturer at Electrical Engineering Study
Program
- Yulia, S.T., M.T., a lecturer at Electrical Engineering Study Program.

The following is another example of an advertisement.

 Sonar Post, 10 Oct. 2019

JOB VACANCY: OPERATOR

Required by PT PRANATAMA
Requirements include:
- Ability to work in a team as well as individual
- Ability to work hard and under pressure
- English literate
- Computer literate
- Single male or female under 24 years of age
- Electrical Engineering background
with minimum GPA = 3.00
- Health with minimum height of 160 cm and free of drug.
- Experience will be useful, but not essential.
Good salary and other remuneration based on the score of the test and
experience.

Please reply with typed C.V. to:

Recruitment Team
PT PRANATAMA
PO BOX 1112
Palembang, 3001
Not more than 15 October 2019

The following is another example of application letter. The letter is sent to PT

PRANATAMA.
 Recruitment team, PT PRANATAMA Jalan Padi 2 Blok A No. 11
Po Box 1112 Perumahan Pusri Sako kenten
Palembang 3001 Palembang
South Sumatera South Sumatera

10 October 2019

Dear Sir

I would like to apply for the post of operator advertised in today’s Sonar Post.

As you can see from my curriculum vitae, I am a single male and my age is
twenty-one. I am a fresh graduate and my GPA is 3.60. I have graduated from
State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya majoring in Electrical Engineering. I am
accustomed to work in a team as well as individual in our workshop (Electrical
Workshop - State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya). Therefore, it is not hard for me to
work in a team as well as individual later in your company. I can assure you that
I am a discipline and hard worker. I always come on time to my campus, and I
do all the tasks given by my lecturers well and on time. Sometimes I should
complete some tasks at the same time. I can handle them well because I can
work under pressure. My English and computer are very well. My TOEFL score
is 500 and I can operate computer very well. The certificate from the doctor
proves that I am a healthy man and free from drug and alcohol. My height is
170 cm.

I enclose my curriculum vitae and will be available for interview any day.
I look forward to your reply.

Yours faithfully

Ronal Firdaus

Ronal Firdaus

Enc.1

Here is another example of application letter. The letter is sent to Bapak Hatta
Yudistira.
 Bapak Hatta Yudistira Jalan Padi 2 Blok A No. 11
Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Perumahan Pusri Sako Kenten
Palembang Palembang
South Sumatera South Sumatera

11 October 2019

Dear Sir

I would like to apply for the post of FGDP in Plant advertised in

www.kppmining.com

As you can see from my curriculum vitae, I am a single male and my age is
twenty-one. I am a fresh graduate and my GPA is 3.60. I have graduated from
State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya majoring in Electrical Engineering. I am
accustomed to work in a team as well as individual in our workshop
(Electrical Workshop - State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya). Therefore, it is not
hard for me to work in a team as well as individual later in your company. I
can assure you that I am a discipline and hard worker. I always come on time
to my campus, and I do all the tasks given by my lecturers well and on time.
Sometimes I should complete some tasks at the same time. I can handle them
well because I can work under pressure. My English and computer are very
well. My TOEFL score is 500 and I can operate computer very well. The
certificate from the doctor proves that I am a healthy man and free from drug
and alcohol. My height is 170 cm.

I enclose my curriculum vitae and will be available for interview any day.
I look forward to your reply.

Yours faithfully

Ronal Firdaus

Ronal Firdaus

Enc.1

The following is the example of curriculum vitae. It is written by Ronal Firdaus.

CURRICULUM VITAE
 Name : Ronal Firdaus
Address : Jalan Padi 2 Blok A No. 11
Perumahan Pusri Sako Kenten Palembang
Phone Number : 081368075233
Email Address : ronal_firdaus@yahoo.com
Marital status : Single
Place and date of Birth: Palembang, 23 September 1998
Religion : Islam
Educational Background:
- Elementary School Number 30 Palembang, South Sumatera, 2010
- Junior High School Number 10 Palembang, South Sumatera, 2013
- Senior High School Number 2 Palembang, South Sumatera, 2016
- State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Electrical Engineering Study
Program, South Sumatera, 2019
Qualification :
- Senior High School Number 2 Palembang, GPA = 7.7 (on the scale of
10)
- State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya, Electrical Engineering Study Program
GPA = 3.60 (on the scale of 4)
- Advanced Level Certificate, ABC English Course, Palembang, 2016
- TOEFL prediction = 500 (Language Centre, ABC English Course, 2019)
- Ms Office Certificate, Siap Kerja, Palembang, 2016
- AutoCAD Certificate, Siap Kerja, Palembang, 2017
Interests: Reading, Playing Football, Listening Music, Playing Guitar
Reference:
- Suradi Dirga, S.T., M.T., a lecturer at Electrical Engineering Study
Program
- Jean Susan, S.T., M.T., a lecturer at Electrical Engineering Study
Program.

ASSIGNMENT:
Read the explanation above carefully and based on the explanation, find out
one job vacancy and write your own application letter and Curriculum vitae based on
the job vacancy available.