OSH 1162

Mathematics
CHAPTER 7
Trigonometry

SITTI RATNA CHE SOH

 Learning Objectives
• To identify values of the trigonometric functions (e.g. signs of
the trigonometric functions)

• To distinguish types of angles (e.g. right angles, acute angles,

obtuse angles and corresponding angles)

• To determine and solve problems relating to trigonometry of

right triangles

• To describe applications of trigonometry (e.g. electronics,

surveying, engineering and mathematics; calculus)
 7.1 Introduction to Trigonometry
• The very word trigonometry comes from the Greek words for
triangle (trigon) and measurement (metry)

• The ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks developed

trigonometry to find the lengths of the sides of triangles and
the measures of their angles

• In Egypt, trigonometry was used to re-establish land

boundaries after the annual flood of the Nile River
7.2 Values of the Trigonometric Functions

• Many ideas in trigonometry are best explained with a graph

• Each point in the plane corresponds to an ordered pair, 2

numbers written inside parentheses, such as (-2, 4)

• Graphs are set up with 2-axes, one for each number in an

ordered pair. The horizontal axis is called the x-axis, and the
vertical axis is the y-axis. The 2-axes cross at a point called
the origin.
 7.3 Signs of Functional Values

• The axes divide the plane into 4 regions called quadrants

• The quadrants are numbered in a counterclockwise direction

Quadrant +ve functions -ve functions

I All None
II Sin, Csc Cos, Sec, Tan, Cot
III Tan, Cot Sin, Csc, Cos, Sec
IV Cos, Sec Sin, Csc, Tan, Cot
 7.3 Signs of Functional Values

Example 1: Using a calculator to evaluate trigonometric

functions

a) sin 2.2 ≈ 0.808496

b) cos 1.1 ≈ 0.808496

c) cot 28 = ≈ -3.553286

d) csc 0.98 = ≈ 1.204098

 7.4 Pythagorean Theorem:
Distance Formula

• The distance between any 2-points on a plane can be found

by using a formula derived from the Pythagorean Theorem
7.4 Pythagorean Theorem:
Distance Formula (..cont’d)
7.4 Pythagorean Theorem:
Distance Formula (..cont’d)
7.5 Types of Angles
 7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles

• Consider a right angle triangle with Ѳ as one of its acute

angles. The trigonometric ratios are defined as follows:
 7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)

• The symbols we use for these ratios are abbreviations for their full
names: sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant and cotangent
• Since any 2 right triangles with angle Ѳ are similar, these ratios are
the same, regardless of the size of the triangle; they depend only on
the angle Ѳ.
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)

Example 1:
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
Example 2:
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometry of Right Triangles(..cont’d)
Example 3:
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
 7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
Example 1:
 7.6 Trigonometric Graphs (..cont’d)
Example 2:
7.7 Applications of Systems of Equations
Exercises
 Exercises (..cont’d)

In below diagram, QRS is a straight line. Given that cos x° = 4/5,

and tan y° = 3. Find:
i. The length of PR in cm
ii. The length of RS in cm
iii. The length of QR in cm
iv. The value of z°
 Exercises (..cont’d)

A student uses a clinome while he holds the clinome 1.5 m

above the ground. He then measures the angle of
elevation of the top of the tower. Determine the height of
the tower to the nearest tenth of meter.
Exercises (..cont’d)
Thank You…