OSH 2543

MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT SAFETY

Introduction to Machinery and

Equipment Safety
 LEARNING OUTCOME
After completing the course, students are
expected:
 To define the machinery and equipment;
 To describe type of machines; and
 To state the legal requirements.
 Definition
• Machine - an apparatus using mechanical power
and having several parts, each with a definite
function and together performing a particular
task.
 Definition
• Machinery - An assembly of linked parts or
components, at least one of which moves, with
the appropriate machine actuators, control and
power circuits, etc., joined together for a specific
application, in particular for the processing,
treatment, moving or packaging of a material.
 Definition
• Equipment - the necessary items for a
particular purpose.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Lathe: It utilizes mechanical energy to cut the
metals. The other types of machine tools also
perform the same task.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Milling machines: tools designed to machine metal,
wood, and other solid materials. Often automated,
milling machines can be positioned in either vertical
or horizontal orientation to carve out materials
based on a pre-existing design.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Grinding machine: any of various power tools or
machine tools used for grinding, which is a type of
machining using an abrasive wheel as the cutting
tool. Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface
cuts a small chip from the work piece via shear
deformation.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Injection molding : machine for manufacturing
plastic products by the injection molding process.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Turbines: They produce mechanical energy.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Compressors: They use mechanical energy to
compress the air.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Engines: They consume the fuel and produce
mechanical energy.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Refrigerators and air-conditioners: They use
mechanical engineering to produce cooling
effect.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Washing machines: They use mechanical
energy to wash the clothes.
Here are some examples of the machines:
• Computer Numerical Control (CNC): a process
used in the manufacturing sector that involves
the use of computers to control machine
tools.
IMPORTANCE OF MACHINERY SAFETY
• As well as the moral obligation to avoid
harming anyone, there are laws that require
machines to be safe, and sound economic
reasons for avoiding accidents
 SAFEGUARDING PEOPLE
• In the past, sometimes safeguarding machinery was
viewed as a nuisance. As a result, safety devices
were often not used at all.
• Innovative technology has enabled protective
devices to be integrated into the work process.
• If properly applied, they are no longer a hindrance
for the operator. Indeed they often improve
productivity.
• For this reason, reliable protective devices
integrated into the workplace are essential.
 SAFETY IS A BASIC NEED
• Machine operator, maintenance personnel
and others shall be able to rely on the safety
of a machine.
• Safety must be taken into account right from the
design stage and must be kept in mind at all
stages in the life of a machine:

Design, Manufacture, Installation, Adjustment,

Operation, Maintenance and Eventual scrapping.

The safety of machinery depends to a large

extent on the correct application of regulations
and standards
 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 - Duty of
employer 15 (2):
• (a) Procurement & maintenance of plant and
systems of work that, to the extent practicable,
safe and without risk to health;
• (b) Manufacturing arrangements for ensuring, so
far as practicable, safety and absence of risks to
health in connection with the use or handling,
storage and transport of plant and substances;
The Factories & Machinery Act 1967:
• Under the Factories and Machinery (Fencing
Machinery & Safety) Regulations 1970:
• For each part of dangerous machinery
 OBJECTIVES

• Control of factories operations with respect to safety,

health and welfare of persons

• Registration and inspection of machinery

 APPLICATION
• OSHA 1994 supersedes the FMA 1967 in the event
of any conflict
• FMA 1967 applies to mainly factories and
construction sites
• Contains some general provision on safety, health
and welfare
• FMA- limited to manufacturing industry, mining and
quarrying and construction
 Factory
but does not include:-

• Any premises used as garage for locomotive or vehicle

where only cleaning, washing and minor repair are carried
out.
• Any premises where less than 5 persons working and no
machinery is use.
 Machinery does not include:-
• Machinery used for propulsion of vehicles
• Machinery driven by manual power
• Machinery used for private and domestic purpose
• Office machines
 Part 2: Safety, Health and Welfare
Key points:
• Premises must be structurally sound with safe access to work areas, materials and goods must
be safely stacked (Section 10)

• Machinery must be of sound construction and dangerous parts must be fenced (Section 14, 15,
16)

• Employees must not misuse safety and health equipment (Section 20)

• Employees not to endanger himself or other person

• Premises must be kept in clean state, with adequate work space, ventilation, lighting and
toilets (Section 22)

• Persons must be supplied with adequate facilities for clothing, storage, drinking, water, first aid
and washing facilities (Section 25)

• Employees must be trained on the safety of machinery (Section 26)

 Part 3: Persons-in-charge and Certificates of Competency

• Key points:
– Machinery operators must be adequately trained
or under the supervision of a trained person
(Section 26);
– Young persons (< 16 years) must not operate
machinery (Section 28)
 Part 5: Notice of Occupation of Factory and Registration and Use of Machinery

1. Notify Department of Occupational Safety ad Health (DOSH)

within 3 months of the intended start date (Section 34)
2. Building operations must be notified if last more than 6 weeks
(Section 35)
3. Changes to the use of factory or machinery must be notified
to DOSH
4. Fills a standard form together with (a) layout plan of the
factory; (b) list of products to be manufactured; (c) list of
machines to be used; (d) list of chemicals, toxic or flammable
substances to be used, and (e) detail flow chart of the
processes
 CONCLUSION
• National regulations ensure safe and healthy
working conditions.
• Regulations typically state that where hazards
exist, safeguarding needs to be used.
REFERENCE