OSH 1162

Mathematics
CHAPTER 4
Exponential and Logarithmic Function

SITTI RATNA CHE SOH

 Learning Objectives
• To identify the exponential and logarithmic functions,
respectively

• To determine the use of exponential and logarithmic functions

in biology and economics (e.g. exponential growth), in physics
and medical testing/treatment (e.g. radioactive/radioisotopes
decay), and other diverse phenomena (e.g. temperature
change and compound interest)
 4.1 Exponential Functions
• Laws of exponents are still true when the exponents are real
numbers.

Notes: for a > 0, the exponential function with base a is

defined as
f(x) = ax or f(x) = ex
 4.1.1 Exponential Functions (..cont’d)
• Graphing exponential function by plotting points.

Example 1: Draw the graph of each function.

a) f(x) = 3x
b) g(x) = (1/3)x
 4.1.1 Exponential Functions (..cont’d)
• Solution: Calculate values of f(x) and g(x) and plot points to
sketch the graphs.
x f(x) = 3x g(x) = (1/3)x
-3 1/27 27
-2 1/9 9

-1 1/3 3
0 1 1
1 3 1/3
2 9 1/9
3 27 1/27
4.1.1 Exponential Functions (..cont’d)
4.1.1 Exponential Functions (..cont’d)
4.1.1 Exponential Functions (..cont’d)
 4.1.1 Exponential Functions (..cont’d)
Example 2: Identifying graphs of exponential functions.
4.1.1 Exponential Functions (..cont’d)
 4.1.2 Evaluating the Exponential
Functions
Example 3:
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions
Example 4:
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions (..cont’d)
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions (..cont’d)
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions (..cont’d)
Example 5:
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions (..cont’d)
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions (..cont’d)
Example 6:
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions (..cont’d)
4.1.3 Transformation of Exponential
Functions (..cont’d)
4.2 Logarithmic Functions
4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
 4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
Example 1:
4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
 4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
Example 2:
 4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
Example 3:
4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
 4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
Example 4:
4.2 Logarithmic Functions (..cont’d)
4.2.1 Graphs of Logarithmic
Functions
4.2.1 Graphs of Logarithmic
Functions (..cont’d)
 4.2.1 Graphs of Logarithmic
Functions (..cont’d)
Example 1:
4.3 Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions Models
 4.3.1 Exponential Growth Model

Example 1:
4.3.2 Radioactive Decay Model
4.3.2 Radioactive Decay Model
(..cont’d)
 4.3.2 Radioactive Decay Model
(..cont’d)
Example 1:
4.3.2 Radioactive Decay Model
(..cont’d)
4.3.2 Radioactive Decay Model
(..cont’d)
4.4 Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions
 Exercises

1. Sketch the graph of the function as given:

a. g(x) = (1/5)x
b. h(x) = 8x

2. Sketch the graph of function d(x) = 2e0.5x

3. Sketch the graph of function j(x) = (1.1)x.

 Exercises (..cont’d)

4. The half-life of radium-226 is 1,600 years. Suppose we have a

22 mg sample:
i. Find the function that models the mass remaining after t years.
ii. How much of the sample will remain after 4,000 years.
iii. After how long will only 18 mg of the sample remain?
Exercises (..cont’d)
5. A 50-gallon barrel is filled completely
with pure water as shown above. Salt
water with a concentration of 0.3 lb/gal
is then pumped into the barrel, and the
resulting mixture overflows at the same
rate. The amount of salt in the barrel at
time t is given by:

Q(t) = 15 (1 – e – 0.04t)

where t is measured in minutes and Q(t)

is measured in pounds.
 Exercises (..cont’d)

i. How much salt is in the barrel after 5 mins?

ii. How much salt is in the barrel after 10 mins?
iii. Draw a graph of the function Q(t).
iv. Use the graph in part (iii) to determine the value that
the amount of salt in the barrel approaches as t
becomes large. Is this what you would expect?
 Individual Assignment

v(t) = 80 (1 – e – 0.2t)

A sky diver jumps from a reasonable height above the ground. The air resistance
she experiences is proportional to her velocity, and the constant of
proportionality is 0.2. It can be shown that the downward velocity of the sky
diver at time t is given by:

v(t) = 80 (1 – e – 0.2t)

where t is measured in seconds and v(t) is measured in feet per second (ft/s).
 Individual Assignment (..cont’d)

i. Find the initial velocity of the sky diver.

ii. Find the velocity after 5 seconds and after 10 seconds.
iii. Draw a graph of the velocity function v(t).
iv. The maximum velocity of a falling object with wind
resistance is called terminal velocity. From the graph,
in part (iii), find the terminal velocity of this sky diver.
 Individual Assignment (..cont’d)
Specification of Quality Standards – Written Assignment
1. Merit marks will be given to:
•Details calculation steps.
•Appropriate comment of the given analysis.
2. ONLY computer typing is acceptable, strictly NO
handwriting EXCEPT for graph.
** 1.5 spacing with font size 12 (Times New Roman), comb
binding, margins one inch and page numbering.
3. Front cover must include all the following: CUCMS logo,
assignment title, subject name and code, student’s name,
lecturer’s name and date of submission.
Thank You…