POKHARA UNIVERSITY Level: Bachelor Programme: BE Semester Spring Year : 2010 Full Marks : 100 Pass Mark : !

! %ime : & hrs

"ourse: Po#er S$stem Protection

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Attempt all the questions. 1' a' (ith a neat sketch) e*plain the operation o+ ,'-'" +use' .lso mention the a/vantage o+ ,'-'" +use #ith a tripping /evice over ,'-'" +use #ithout tripping /evice' 0' "alculate the ---1 o+ 1&2k1 circuit 0reaker #ith neutral earthe/' S'" /ata as +ollo#s: Broken current is s$mmetrical2 restriking voltage has +re3uenc$ 20 k,4) p'+ 0'1!' .ssume +ault is earthe/' a' Prove that the positive phase se3uence) negative phase se3uence an/ 4ero se3uence +ault currents in a single line to groun/ +ault are e3ual an/ is given 0$ the e*pression 7+a819:7+a829:7+a809:1+;<=kk809>=kk819>=kk829>&=+? .lso /ra# the e3uivalent circuit #hich allo#s us to calculate the +ault current +or the single line to groun/ +ault' 0' E*plain #ith the help o+ neat sketch the construction an/ #orking o+ minimum oil circuit 0reaker' (hat are its a/vantages an/ /isa/vantages compare/ to 0ulk oil circuit 0reaker@ a' . &Aphase) 5M1.) B'Bk1 alternator #ith a reactance 10C is connecte/ to a +ee/er o+ series impe/ance 80'12>D0' 59 ohm;phase;km' %he trans+ormer is rate/ at & M1.) B'Bk1;&& k1 an/ has a reactance o+ !C' Eetermine the +ault current supplie/ 0$ the generator operating un/er no loa/ #ith a voltage o+ B'Fk1) #hen a &Aphase s$mmetrical +ault occurs at a point 20km along the +ee/er' 0' . 1&2;&& k1 su0station #ith one trans+ormer is connecte/ on 0oth ,1 an/ L1 si/es #ith generating units' Both si/es o+ the trans+ormers are e3uippe/ #ith #ave traps) lightening arresters) circuit 0reakers) isolators an/ earth s#itches' You are re3uire/ to shut /o#n the trans+ormer +or maintenance purposes' Eescri0e $our step#ise actions #ith 0rie+ e*planation' a' (h$ current an/ potential trans+ormers are re3uire/ in
1

5 6

2'

6 F

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protective rela$ing scheme@ .lso) e*plain #hat happens i+ the secon/ar$ o+ the current trans+ormer is open circuite/ #hile the primar$ is +ull$ loa/e/' 0' For a particular transmission line rela$s are use/ as sho#n in the +igure' For /iscrimination) the time gra/ing margin is 0'! Sec' Eetermine the time o+ operation o+ the t#o rela$s assuming that 0oth the rela$s have characteristics as given in the +ollo#ing ta0le' %he rela$1 has a time setting multiplier o+ 0'2' Fin/ the time setting multiplier o+ rela$ 2'

"B

"B Fault 2000.

-ela$ 2 12!C Plug setting

-ela$ 1 100C Plug setting

an/ #orking o+ rela$ !' P'S'M a' E*plain the construction 2 ! the reactance 5 10 #ith 20 6 its tor3ue e3uation' Jperating time in Secon/s 10 5 ! & 2 1'5 0' E*plain the Mer4Aprice protection scheme +or starAstar 5 trans+ormer #ith neat /iagram' a' Eescri0e the Grela$ #ith make t$pe contactH scheme popularl$ 6 B' use/ +or tripping in circuit 0reaker #ith neat /iagram' 0' Ei++erentiate the +ollo#ing: 5 i' Stroke . an/ Stroke B in lightening ii' Lightening arrester an/ Surge a0sor0er (rite short notes on any two: 6' 2I! a' Multiple gap lightening arrester 0' Primar$ an/ 0ackup protection c' -e3uirements o+ a goo/ protective scheme