14.

5 End of World War II

FDR wants quick Soviet entry into Pacific war. ! FDR & Churchill concede Stalin needs buffer, FDR & Stalin want spheres of influence and a weak Germany. ! Churchill wants strong Germany as buffer against Stalin. ! FDR argues for a United Nations.
!

Yalta Conference: February, 1945

Potsdam Conference: July, 1945

! FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference. ! Stalin only original. ! The United States has the A-bomb. ! Allies agree Germany is to be divided into occupation zones ! Poland moved around to suit P.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin the Soviets.

WW II Casualties: Europe

Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

WW II Casualties: Asia

Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

The Creation of the U. N.

Goals: Tolerance and friendship among all nation, racial or religious groups. Maintenance of peace

When did it begin?

! The United Nations is made up of 192 countries from around the world. It is often called the UN. ! It was set up in 1945, after the Second World War, as a way of bringing people together and to avoid further wars. ! It started with 51 countries. The United Kingdom is one of the original members. Germany did not join until 1973.

What does the UN do?

! The UN aims to ensure that people dont suffer from hunger and homelessness. ! It has a special section called Unicef that tries to help children. ! The UN has a convention on children's rights. They would like it to be followed by all countries, as a set of rules about the treatment of children.

Why is it important to have an organization that is bigger than any one country?
! Stops governments mistreating people ! Helps stop wars between countries ! Looks after all the world's young people

Why might the UN have problems getting all countries to treat children fairly?
! Some countries use children in their armies ! Many children work in factories ! Poor countries can't afford to provide schools

United Nation MEMBERS

The Nuremberg Trials: Axis leaders tried for Crimes

Against Humanity

Top Nazis received death sentences, others imprisoned.

200 Germans & Austrians were tried, most were found guilty

Similar war crimes trials held in Japan

Not all were captured or put on trial.

Trial showed that political and military leaders could be held accountable for actions in wartime.

The Division of Germany: 1945 - 1990

The Bi-Polarization of Europe:

The Beginning of the Cold War

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20c

US & Russian Soldiers Meet at the Elbe River: April 25, 1945

! Contain communism. ! Provide military and economic aid to countries resisting communism. ! Formed NATO (military alliance) Both used propaganda to gain world power

U.S.A.

U.S.S.R. !
! Spread communism. ! Create buffer zone as a defense against Germany. ! Formed Warsaw Pact (military alliance)

The De-Colonization of European Empires