eWSE GSM-R 5.0 BSC6000 Basic Feature Description - V1.1 (20120621)

eWSE GSM-R 5.
0 BSC6000
Basic Feature Description

Issue V1.1
Date 2012-06-21

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010 All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Notice
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Address: Huawei Industrial Base
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PUBLIC
eWSE GSM-R 5.0 BSC6000 Basic Feature Description

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Page 3 of 152

Contents
1 Basic Features ................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1 Radio Service Function .................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.1 GBFD-110102 Support for E-GSM Frequency Band ............................................................................. 8
1.1.2 GBFD-110103 Support for R-GSM Frequency Band ............................................................................. 9
1.1.3 GBFD-110104 1800 MHz Frequency Band ........................................................................................... 9
1.1.4 Support for ER-GSM Frequency Band ................................................................................................. 10
1.1.5 GBFD-110101 Frequency Band ............................................................................................................ 11
1.1.6 GBFD-110030 3GPP Protocol Compliance .......................................................................................... 11
1.2 Call Services................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.2.1 GBFD-110201 Telephone Service (TS11) ............................................................................................ 12
1.2.2 GBFD-110202 Emergency Call Service (TS12) ................................................................................... 13
1.3 Basic Bearer Service (CSD) ........................................................................................................................... 14
1.3.1 GBFD-110206 BS24 Asynchronous 2.4 kbps T ................................................................................... 14
1.4 Mobility Management .................................................................................................................................... 16
1.4.1 GBFD-110301 Location Updating ........................................................................................................ 16
1.4.2 GBFD-110302 IMSI Detach ................................................................................................................. 17
1.4.3 GBFD-110303 Paging ........................................................................................................................... 18
1.4.4 GBFD-110304 Authentication .............................................................................................................. 20
1.4.5 GBFD-110608 SDCCH Handover ........................................................................................................ 21
1.4.6 GBFD-110601 HUAWEI I Handover ................................................................................................... 21
1.4.7 GBFD-110607 Directed Retry .............................................................................................................. 24
1.5 Cell Selection ................................................................................................................................................. 25
1.5.1 GBFD-110401 Basic Cell Selection...................................................................................................... 25
1.5.2 GBFD-110402 Basic Cell Re-selection ................................................................................................ 27
1.6 Connection Management ................................................................................................................................ 29
1.6.1 GBFD-110501 Call Control .................................................................................................................. 29
1.6.2 GBFD-110502 Assignment and Immediate Assignment ....................................................................... 30
1.6.3 GBFD-110503 Call Reestablishment .................................................................................................... 32

eWSE GSM-R 5.0 BSC6000V901R013 Basic Feature Description

V1.20 (2009-06-301) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
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1.6.4 GBFD-112501 TCH Re-assignment ..................................................................................................... 33
1.7 Radio Resource Management ......................................................................................................................... 33
1.7.1 GBFD-111001 TRX Management ........................................................................................................ 33
1.7.2 GBFD-111002 Radio Link Management .............................................................................................. 34
1.7.3 GBFD-111003 Radio Common Channel Management ......................................................................... 36
1.7.4 GBFD-111004 Radio Dedicated Channel Management ....................................................................... 37
1.7.5 GBFD-111005 Enhanced Channel Assignment Algorithm ................................................................... 38
1.8 Operation and Maintenance ........................................................................................................................... 40
1.8.1 MRFD-210302 Performance Management ........................................................................................... 40
1.8.2 GBFD-111202 O&M of BTS ................................................................................................................ 42
1.8.3 GBFD-111203 O&M of BSC ................................................................................................................ 44
1.8.4 GBFD-111207 BTS Test Function ........................................................................................................ 45
1.8.5 GBFD-111210 Integrated Network Management Interface .................................................................. 47
1.8.6 MRFD-210303 Inventory Management ................................................................................................ 48
1.8.7 GBFD-116501 Man Machine Language (MML) .................................................................................. 50
1.8.8 MRFD-210301 Configuration Management ......................................................................................... 51
1.8.9 MRFD-210304 Faulty Management ..................................................................................................... 53
1.8.10 MRFD-210305 Security Management ................................................................................................ 55
1.8.11 MRFD-210309 DBS Topology Maintenance ...................................................................................... 56
1.8.12 MRFD-210310 BTS Software USB Download .................................................................................. 57
1.8.13 GBFD-116402 Maintenance Mode Alarm .......................................................................................... 58
1.9 Software Management.................................................................................................................................... 59
1.9.1 MRFD-210401 BSC Software Management ........................................................................................ 59
1.9.2 MRFD-210402 BTS Software Management ......................................................................................... 60
1.9.3 GBFD-111213 Remote Upgrade of the BSC&BTS Software............................................................... 61
1.9.4 MRFD-210403 License Management ................................................................................................... 62
1.10 GBSS Network Architecture ........................................................................................................................ 63
1.10.1 MBFD-210204 Star Topology ............................................................................................................ 63
1.10.2 MBFD-210205 Chain Topology ......................................................................................................... 64
1.10.3 MBFD-210206 Tree Topology ............................................................................................................ 65
1.10.4 GBFD-118801 BSC Cabinet/Subrack Sharing ................................................................................... 66
1.10.5 GBFD-118621 Connection Inter BSC over IP .................................................................................... 67
1.11 System Reliability ........................................................................................................................................ 67
1.11.1 GBFD-111701 Board Switchover ....................................................................................................... 67
1.11.2 GBFD-111705 Flow Control ............................................................................................................... 69
1.11.3 GBFD-112301 Remote EAC Maintenance ......................................................................................... 70
1.11.4 GBFD-111214 Operation & Maintenance System One-Key Recovery .............................................. 70


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1.11.5 GBFD-111211 Reporting the Temperature List of the BTS Equipment Room ................................... 71
1.11.6 MRFD-210101 System Redundancy ................................................................................................... 72
1.11.7 MRFD-210102 Operate System Security Management ...................................................................... 73
1.11.8 Link Aggregation ................................................................................................................................ 75
1.11.9 GBFD-117804 Intelligent Shutdown of TRX Due to PSU Failure ..................................................... 76
1.12 Basic features ............................................................................................................................................... 76
1.12.1 GBFD-110901 Adjustment of Adaptive Timing Advance .................................................................. 76
1.12.2 GBFD-110801 Processing of Measurement Report ............................................................................ 77
1.12.3 GBFD-110802 Pre-processing of Measurement Report ..................................................................... 78
1.12.4 GBFD-111101 System Information Sending ...................................................................................... 79
1.12.5 GBFD-111102 Forced System Information Sending by OMC ........................................................... 81
1.12.6 GBFD-111901 Supporting Three-Digit MNC..................................................................................... 81
1.12.7 GBFD-116101 Support of Daylight Saving Time ............................................................................... 82
1.12.8 GBFD-113001 SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment .................................................................................... 83
1.12.9 GBFD-112401 Cell Frequency Scan ................................................................................................... 84
1.12.10 GBFD-111806 STP (Signaling Transport Point) ............................................................................... 85
1.12.11 GBFD-111802 14-Digit Signaling Point Code .................................................................................. 85
1.12.12 MRFD-210801 Interface Message Tracing ....................................................................................... 87
1.12.13 MRFD-210802 User Signaling Tracing ............................................................................................ 88
1.12.14 GBFD-112203 Cell Tracing .............................................................................................................. 88
1.12.15 GBFD-111301 LAPD Multiplexing at Abis Interface ....................................................................... 89
1.12.16 GBFD-111601 BTS Power Management .......................................................................................... 90
1.12.17 GBFD-110703 Enhanced Power Control Algorithm......................................................................... 91
1.13 Big Capacity BSC ........................................................................................................................................ 93
1.13.1 GBFD-115201 High Speed Signaling ................................................................................................. 93
1.14 Interface Features ......................................................................................................................................... 94
1.14.1 GBFD-111801 Ater Interface 4:1 Multiplexing .................................................................................. 94
1.14.2 GBFD-119001 Gb Interface Function ................................................................................................. 95
1.14.3 GBFD-111803 A Interface Circuit Management ................................................................................. 96
1.14.4 GBFD-111804 A Interface Protocol Process ....................................................................................... 98
1.14.5 GBFD-111805 A Interface Occupation Rate Monitoring .................................................................... 99
1.15 PS Services Features .................................................................................................................................. 100
1.15.1 GBFD-119101 Packet Channel Combination Type .......................................................................... 100
1.15.2 GBFD-119102 Packet System Information....................................................................................... 101
1.15.3 GBFD-119103 MS Types .................................................................................................................. 103
1.15.4 GBFD-119104 MAC Mode .............................................................................................................. 103
1.15.5 GBFD-119105 RLC Mode ................................................................................................................ 104


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1.15.6 GBFD-119106 Coding Scheme ........................................................................................................ 105
1.15.7 GBFD-119107 Networking Control Mode ....................................................................................... 106
1.15.8 GBFD-119108 Network Operation Mode Support ........................................................................... 107
1.15.9 GBFD-119109 QoS (Best Effort) ...................................................................................................... 108
1.15.10 GBFD-119110 Access ..................................................................................................................... 109
1.15.11 GBFD-119111 Assignment ............................................................................................................. 110
1.15.12 GBFD-119112 PS Paging ............................................................................................................... 111
1.15.13 GBFD-119113 Timing Advance Update ......................................................................................... 112
1.15.14 GBFD-119115 Power Control ......................................................................................................... 113
1.15.15 GBFD-119116 Uplink Flow Control ............................................................................................... 114
1.15.16 GBFD-119117 Flow Control on Gb Interface ................................................................................. 115
1.16 Network Security ....................................................................................................................................... 116
1.16.1 GBFD-113523 NAT Beside OM ....................................................................................................... 116
1.17 VIP Service Support ................................................................................................................................... 117
1.17.1 GBFD-110521 Guaranteed Emergency Call ..................................................................................... 117
1.18 Emergency Communications ..................................................................................................................... 118
1.18.1 GBFD-511001 License Control for Urgency .................................................................................... 118
1.19 Antenna System Solution ........................................................................................................................... 119
1.19.1 MRFD-210601 Connection with TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier) ................................................ 119
1.19.2 MRFD-210602 Remote Electrical Tilt .............................................................................................. 121
1.19.3 MRFD-210604 2-Way Antenna Receive Diversity ........................................................................... 124
1.20 Synchronization Mechanism ...................................................................................................................... 125
1.20.1 MRFD-210501 BTS Clock ............................................................................................................... 125
1.20.2 MRFD-210502 BSC Clock ............................................................................................................... 126
1.21 Maintainability and Testing ........................................................................................................................ 127
1.21.1 GBFD-119301 Voice Fault Diagnosis ............................................................................................... 127
1.21.2 GBFD-119306 Abis Crossed Pair Diagnosis .................................................................................... 128
1.21.3 GBFD-119307 Spectrum Scan .......................................................................................................... 129
1.21.4 GBFD-119308 Intermodulation Testing ............................................................................................ 130
1.22 Group Call and Broadcast Service ............................................................................................................. 131
1.22.1 BGFD-510301 Voice Group Call Service(VGCS) ............................................................................ 131
1.22.2 BGFD-510302 Voice Broadcast Service(VBS) ................................................................................. 132
1.22.3 BGFD-510320 Late Entry ................................................................................................................. 133
1.22.4 BGFD-510307 eMLPP ..................................................................................................................... 134
1.22.5 BGFD-510321 Railway Emergency Call .......................................................................................... 135
1.23 Documentation ........................................................................................................................................... 136
1.23.1 MRFD-210701 Documentation ........................................................................................................ 136


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2 Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................. 138


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1 Basic Features
1.1 Radio Service Function

1.1.1 GBFD-110102 Support for E-GSM Frequency Band
Availability
This feature is available from GSM-R 1.0.
Summary
Huawei GBSS equipment supports E-GSM 900MHz frequency bands.
Benefits
The BGSS equipment can provide service band for Chinese Railways GSM-R system.
Description
The following table lists the frequency bands supported by Huawei GBSS equipment.
Frequency
Band
Uplink Frequency
(MS TX, BTS RX)
Downlink Frequency (BTS
TX, MS RX)
900 MHz
(E-GSM)
880915 MHz 925960 MHz
The key character of this feature is that Huawei GBSS equipment can support the 4M
frequency band for China's Ministry of Railways GSM-R system:


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Uplink frequency :885-889MHz
Downlink frequency: 930 - 934MHz
1.1.2 GBFD-110103 Support for R-GSM Frequency Band
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS equipment supports R-GSM 900MHz frequency bands.
Benefits
Huawei GBSS equipment supports the 4M frequency band ordered by UIC for GSM-R
system in Europe.
Description
Frequency
Band
Uplink Frequency (MS TX,
BTS RX)
Downlink Frequency
(BTS TX, MS RX)
900 MHz
(R-GSM)
876915 MHz 921960 MHz
The key character of this feature is that Huawei GBSS equipment can support the 4M
frequency band for GSM-R system especially in Europe:
Downlink frequency: 921 - 925MHz

1.1.3 GBFD-110104 1800 MHz Frequency Band
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS equipment supports 1800MHz frequency bands.


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Benefits
The BGSS equipment can provide GSM-R service using 1800MHz band according to the
applicable frequency source.
Description

1.1.4 Support for ER-GSM Frequency Band
Availability
Summary
Change frequency brand on MRFUd.
Benefits
Huawei GSM-R equipment supports the 7M frequency band for GSM-R system in Europe.
Description
The following table lists the frequency bands supported by Huawei GSM-R equipment.
Frequency
Band
Uplink Frequency (MS TX,
BTS RX)
Downlink Frequency
(BTS TX, MS RX)
900 MHz
(ER-GSM)
873880MHz 918925 MHz
The key character of this feature is that Huawei GSM-R equipment can support the 7M
frequency band for GSM-R system especially in Europe:
Downlink frequency: 918 - 925MHz.

Frequency
Band
Uplink Frequency
(MS TX, BTS RX)
Downlink Frequency
(BTS TX, MS RX)
1800 MHz 17101785 MHz 18051880 MHz


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1.1.5 GBFD-110101 Frequency Band
Availability
This feature is introduced in GSM-R 5.0.
Summary
Huawei GSM-R equipment supports the following frequency bands: GSM850, GSM900, and
PCS1900.
Benefits
With this feature, the BTS supports multiple frequency bands and thus TRXs of different
frequency bands can be inserted into the slots in the same cabinet. In this way, the number of
required cabinets and the area required for the equipment room are reduced.
GSM-R equipment supports multiple frequency bands. Thus, the GSM network can be
deployed with different frequency bands to meet the requirements of operators.
Description
The following table lists the frequency bands supported by Huawei GSM-R equipment.
Frequency
Band
Uplink Frequency
(MS TX, BTS RX)
Downlink Frequency
(BTS TX, MS RX)
ARFCN
850 MHz 824849 MHz 869894 MHz 128251
900 MHz
(P-GSM)
890915 MHz 935960 MHz 1124
1900 MHz 18501910 MHz 19301990 MHz 512810

The GSM900 frequency band contains the standard P-GSM and extended E-GSM and
R-GSM. The GSM900 listed in the preceding table refers to P-GSM. For details of E-GSM
and R-GSM, see the optional feature GBFD-110102 "Support for E-GSM Frequency Band "
and optional feature GBFD-110103 "Support for R-GSM Frequency Band."

1.1.6 GBFD-110030 3GPP Protocol Compliance
Availability


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Summary
Huawei GSM-R equipment complies with the 3GPP specifications.
Benefits
In compliance with the 3GPP R6, this feature enables the interconnection with other NEs that
comply with the 3GPP R99, R4, R5, or R6. Thus, it brings diverse services with optimal
performance to the subscribers and improves the competitiveness of operators.
Description
GSM-R 5.0 complies with the 3GPP R99/R4/R5/R6/R8.

1.2 Call Services
1.2.1 GBFD-110201 Telephone Service (TS11)
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the telephone service (TS11) specified in GSM specifications.
The telephone service can be classified into mobile-originated calls (MOC) and
mobile-terminated calls (MTC). The full rate (FR) speech coding is adopted by default. The
speech calls can be made not only between MSs within a GSM PLMN, but also between a
PLMN MS and a subscriber of PSTN or other communication networks.
Benefits
Telephone service is a basic speech service specified in GSM specifications. It is also one of
the basic speech service functions provided by the operators. The excellent speech service
provided by Huawei BSS provides the following benefits:
Telephone services with high quality, hence better user experience for subscribers
Better brand reputation, hence increase in the operators' profit
Description
Telephone service (TS11) specified in GSM specifications is a basic function of the GSM
equipment. It is also a basic service provided by Huawei GBSS.


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In terms of the called party, the telephone service is classified into MOCs and MTCs. The
telephone service supports the speech calls between MSs within a GSM PLMN, also between
a PLMN MS and a subscriber of PSTN or other communication networks.
In the BSS, the transcoder & rate adaptation unit (TRAU) is responsible for the speech
conversion between the GSM speech codings and the 64 kbit/s PCM coding. If the speech
coding schemes specified in optional features are not activated for a common call, the full rate
speech coding is adopted by default.
1.2.2 GBFD-110202 Emergency Call Service (TS12)
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the emergency call service (TS12) specified in GSM specifications
and provides higher priority for the emergency call service.
Benefits
Emergency call service enables a subscriber to contact local services for assistance in case of
emergency. For subscribers in emergencies, the emergency call service is of great importance.
During an emergency, this feature enables the GSM-R subscriber to dial the specified
public emergency service number.
The emergency call service takes precedence over other services in accessing the
network. Even located in congested cells, the subscriber can contact the aid agencies by
dialing the emergency service number.
Description
Emergency call service (TS12) specified in GSM specifications is a basic function of the
GSM equipment. It is also a basic service provided by Huawei GBSS.
The emergency call takes precedence over common calls. Compared with common calls, the
procedure of the emergency call is simplified to accelerate the call establishment and to
ensure a higher call establishment success rate. For example, during the immediate
assignment procedure, a traffic channel (TCH) can be assigned directly so that an emergency
call can be quickly and easily allocated with radio resources.


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1.3 Basic Bearer Service (CSD)
1.3.1 GBFD-110206 BS24 Asynchronous 2.4 kbps T
Availability
Summary
Huawei BSS supports the traditional CSD services - the data services of multiple rates.
Benefits
One of the important GSM-R applications is to provide the ETCS information transmission
between the signaling system and the train.The function is achieved by CSD.
Both CSD and GPRS are the standard 2G data services.While for the CSD, data transmission
takes a dedicated voice channel which is always occupied during the locomotive running.So
CSD services more reliable than GPRS; it is the existing standard for ETCS information
transmission.
Description
Huawei GBSS supports various bearer services specified in GSM specifications. The GBSS
provides the lower-layer connection but does not process the upper-layer services. The bearer
service can be used in low-rate data service applications. Huawei GBSS supports the
following bearer services:
BS24 asynchronous duplex circuit data service, transparent, 2400 bps

vailability
Summary
Benefits


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transmission.
Description

vailability
Summary
Benefits
transmission.
Description


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1.4 Mobility Management
1.4.1 GBFD-110301 Location Updating
Availability
Summary
To ensure that services such as paging service can be processed normally, the network needs
to know the location of the MS. The MS registers to the network through the location
updating procedure. In this way, the VLR and HLR keep track of the location information
about the MS, thus ensuring the normal communication of MSs.
Benefits
Location updating is a basic feature for operators to provide the CS speech services.
Description
The location updating procedure is the signaling procedure for the MS to update the location
information on the network. This ensures that the location information about the MS stored in
the HLR and VLR is consistent with the actual location information about the MS.
The general location updating procedure is as follows:
1. The MS initiates the access request with the location updating as the access cause;
2. The network side allocates a signaling channel to the MS;
3. The MS sends a location updating request on this signaling channel;
4. The NSS side determines whether to accept the location updating request based on the
identity of the MS.
In different scenarios, three types of specific location updating procedures are initiated:
normal location updating, periodic location updating, and IMSI attach location updating.
Normal location updating
When the location of the MS changes, the MS initiates a normal location updating
procedure. During the normal location updating procedure, the network side may initiate
other supplementary procedures, such as the classmark interrogation, identification
request, authentication, and ciphering mode setting.
Periodic location updating
When timer T3212 expires, the MS initiates the periodic updating procedure. The value
of T3212 is provided by the network in the system information type 3 message. The MS
resolves this system information message to obtain the value of the T3212 timer.


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IMIS attach location updating procedure
The IMSI attach location updating is a complement to the IMSI detach procedure. The
network uses the system information type 3 message to indicate whether the IMSI attach
and IMSI detach are allowed. If the network indicates that the IMSI attach and IMSI
detach are required, the MS triggers the IMSI attach procedure when the IMSI is
activated. When the MS activates the IMSI or the MS has moved from a non-coverage
area to a coverage area, the IMSI attach procedure is triggered if the IMSI attach is
allowed and the stored location area of the MS is the same as the location area of the
serving cell.
Location updating ensures smooth communication by updating the information about the
location of MSs stored in the VLR and HLR in real time.

1.4.2 GBFD-110302 IMSI Detach
Availability
Summary
After the IMSI is detached, the subscriber is marked as an invalid subscriber by the network.
Then, the network does not send any paging message to this subscriber.
Benefits
IMSI detach is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS speech services.
Description
IMSI attach and detach are IMSI-specific procedures. When an MS is powered off, it sends
the network the last message containing the detach request. On receiving this message, the
MSC/VLR sets the subscriber status to invalid. Then, the network does not page this
subscriber.
During the IMSI detach, the subscriber status is set only on the MSC/VLR but not on the
HLR. After the MS powers on again, the MS performs the IMSI attach procedure if the
current location area of the MS is the same as the location area registered before the MS is
powered off. Otherwise, the MS performs the normal location updating procedure to make the
location information stored in the HLR and VLR the same as the actual location area of the
MS.
The network informs the MS whether the IMSI attach or detach is allowed by sending the
system information type 3 message.


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1.4.3 GBFD-110303 Paging
Availability
Summary
The network instructs the MS as the called party to access the network through the paging
procedure to complete the call establishment.
Benefits
Paging is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS speech services. The paging
algorithm determines the paging efficiency of the GBSS.
The paging algorithm,provides the following benefits:
The paging processing capability is one of the KPIs that indicate the system capability.
Huawei GBSS paging algorithm guarantees the paging processing capability while
maintaining the paging efficiency and reducing the paging load.
The paging algorithm prevents the paging from being missed so that the subscriber can
receive calls. Thus, complaints decrease and customer satisfaction increases.
Description
Paging procedure: To answer the call timely, the MS in idle state listens to the paging channel
all the time. If there is a paging message to the MS, the MS responds to the paging and
completes the subsequent procedure as a called party.
The pagings are classified into PS pagings and CS pagings. When there is downlink data to be
transferred to the MS, the SGSN initiates the PS paging procedure. If a packet common
control channel (PCCCH) is configured, the PS paging message is transmitted on the PCCCH.
If PCCCH is not configured, the PS message is transmitted on PCH.
The CS paging message is sent on PCH. When a call arrives at the MSC that serves the MS,
the MSC determines the location area of the MS and then sends the paging message to all
BSCs in this location area. The BSCs determine the paging cell based on the location area and
determine the paging group that the MS belongs to based on the IMSI. Then, the BSC sends
the paging message to the corresponding BTS. The BTS then sends the paging message to the
MS on the assigned PCH.
Huawei GBSS supports the following three standard paging modes:
Common paging mode
The paging message is transmitted on only the configured PCH and the IMSI defined
channel.
Complete paging mode


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When an MS group is informed in this mode, the paging message of this group may be
transmitted on any PCH of the same timeslot. When dynamic change of PCH
configuration occurs, paging message loss can be avoided in this mode.
Spaced paging mode
The BSS adds the paging message of a group to another paging channel to avoid
temporary overload. That is, the MS receiving common paging messages on channel N
can get the paging message on the next paging channel N+2.
Huawei GBSS supports paging message queuing, paging retransmission, simultaneous
processing of multiple pages, and paging flow control. This can effectively improve and
ensure the paging capacity of the BSC.
Paging message queuing
The transmission of paging messages on the Um interface is limited on the basis of
paging groups. The paging message of one paging group can only be transmitted on the
paging block corresponding to the paging group. Therefore, the paging message queuing
is implemented on the BTS. That is, during the period when the BTS waits for
transmission, the paging messages from the BSC are buffered on the BTS. Upon the
transmission, the BTS selects the appropriate paging messages from the queue to
transmit on the corresponding block. If many paging messages have the same
transmission priority, the BTS processes these messages according to the FIFO principle.
Paging retransmission
Generally, both the CN and BSS of the GSM network allow paging retransmission. A
two-level retransmission mechanism is provided. One retransmission is initiated by the
CN to handle long intermittence during the paging transmission. The retransmission
initiated by the CN takes a relatively long time. The other retransmission is implemented
on the BTS. The retransmission initiated by the BTS takes a relatively short time. Hence,
the two-level retransmission mechanism reduces the signaling load on the Abis interface
and A interface. Huawei BSS supports the paging retransmission. That is, when there is
no paging message or immediate assignment message to be transmitted on the
corresponding sending block, the paging messages that are already transmitted are
retransmitted on this sending block. The maximum number of paging retransmissions
can be specified by the system parameter.
Simultaneous processing of multiple paging messages
Each paging command from the BSC comprises only one paging message sent to one
MS, but each paging request on the Um interface may pack a maximum of four paging
messages sent to four different MSs. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of the paging
processing, the number of paging commands to the MS included in the paging message
on the Um interface should be as many as that is specified. In detail, a maximum of four
paging messages can be included. When the sending block of a paging group is polled,
the BTS searches for the paging messages to be transmitted in the paging queue
corresponding to the paging group. Then, based on the maximum combination principle,
the BTS packs these paging messages or several of the paging messages as appropriate
type of paging request on the Um interface. The paging request is then sent on the
sending block to the MSs. In this way, the paging commands of multiple MSs can be
transmitted on the Um interface.
Paging flow control


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When the paging flow from the MSC exceeds the processing capability of the BSS, the
BSS initiates the selective flow control based on the current network situation to ensure
the robustness and proper operation of the system, the high efficiency of the paging
capacity, and the smoothness and stability of services.

1.4.4 GBFD-110304 Authentication
Availability
Summary
Authentication is an identity verification procedure. With the authentication, only legal
subscribers can access the network.
Benefits
Authentication is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS speech services. This
feature ensures that only the legal subscribers can access the network, thereby guaranteeing
the security of the network and services.
Description
Authentication is a procedure in which the GSM network verifies the validity of the identity
of an MS.
The purpose of authentication is to prevent unauthorized subscribers from accessing the
network and to protect the private information of authorized subscribers.
The network initiates the authentication procedure in the following situations:
The MS requests to change the information restored in VLR or HLR.
Service access such as MOC, MTC, MS activation or deactivation, or supplementary
services is required.
Initial network access is required after MSC/VLR reboot.
The ciphering key Kc sequence is mismatched.
The network needs to determine whether the MS is accessible to network.
Parameters for the MS to calculate new ciphering key is required.
The authentication procedure is always initiated and controlled by the network.
After the RR connection between the MSC and the BSS is established, the network can
decide whether to initiate the authentication procedure to verify the subscriber's identity. The
BSS is mainly responsible for the RR connection establishment and the transparent
transmission between the MSC and the MS. When the network determines to initiate the


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authentication procedure, the MSC/VLR sends the MS an Authentication Request message to
trigger the authentication procedure. The MS responds to this request with an Authentication
Response message and reports the calculated result to the CN for approval for the
authentication.
Authentication strengthens the network identification of subscribers and ensures their
security.

1.4.5 GBFD-110608 SDCCH Handover
Availability
Summary
SDCCH handover refers to the handover from one SDCCH to another SDCCH in the
immediate assignment procedure.
Benefits
This feature helps improve the access success rate of MSs on the edge of the network.
Description
The SDCCH handover refers to the handover from one SDCCH to another SDCCH. This
feature helps improve the access success rate of MSs on the edge of the network, thus
improving the network quality.
The handover decision in SDCCH status is the same as that in TCH status. That is, the TA
handover, interference handover, BQ handover, signal level rapid fall handover, and edge
handover are allowed, and the load handover, PBGT handover, concentric handover, and
AMR handover are not allowed. In addition, the parameter used for handover decision in
SDCCH status is the same as that used for handover decision in TCH status.
Generally, the time for seizing the SDCCH is short, and thus the SDCCH handover seldom
occurs. To prevent unnecessary handovers due to inaccurate MR in the initial phase of call
setup, the minimum time to start the SDCCH handover can be configured to control the
handover rate of the signaling channel.
1.4.6 GBFD-110601 HUAWEI I Handover
Availability


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Summary
This feature involves the following phases: MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision,
and handover execution. In the handover decision phase, an appropriate candidate cell is
selected for the handover.
Benefits
With this feature, the MSs in movement can continue with the ongoing call.
Handover is an important method to ensure the voice quality.
Handover optimizes the overall performance of the system by adjusting the traffic volume of
the cells.
Description
The GSM service area is composed of a number of cells that provide continuous coverage.
The handover technique is introduced into the GSM system to enable the MSs in movement
to continue with the ongoing calls within the coverage area, thus optimizing the network
performance.
This feature involves the following phases: MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision,
and handover execution. The NEs involved in the handover include the MS, BSS, and MSC.
The measurement and MR reporting are implemented by the MS and BTS. The MS measures
the downlink level strength, downlink quality, and TA of the GSM cell and then reports the
information to the BTS. The BTS measures the receive level strength and quality of the MS
and then reports all the information to the BSC. Generally, the MR processing is implemented
by the BSC. The BSC performs the basic functions such as filtering and interpolation to
provide reference for the subsequent handover decisions. If the BTS performs the
pre-processing of MRs, the MR processing can be implemented by the BTS. Based on
different factors such as radio signal quality, radio signal level, speed, load, and requirement
of operators, the handover decision algorithm determines which candidate cell to be used as
the target cell for handover. After the target cell is selected, the handover procedure is initiated.
If the handover failure or rollback occurs, the MR indicating the result is reported to the
handover decision module. Then, the handover decision algorithm selects another candidate
cell as the target cell.
The handover decision algorithm is categorized into five types: emergency handover,
enhanced dual-band network handover, load handover, and normal handover. The emergency
handover is of five types: TA handover, bad quality handover, quick level drop handover,
interference handover, and no downlink measurement report handover. The normal handover
is of the following types: edge handover, hierarchical handover, PBGT handover, concentric
cell handover, AMR handover, and better 3G cell handover.
TA handover: The timing advance can be used as a standard to limit the cell coverage to
some extent. The BSC determines whether the TA value of the current MS exceeds the timing
advance limit (TALIM). If the TALIM is exceeded, the BSC initiates an emergency handover
with the cause value being great TA value. The TA value ranges from 0 to 63. The step of each
bit corresponds to the distance from the MS to the BTS, which is 553.5 m. The TA value 63


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corresponds to a distance of 35 km. If the serving cell meets the conditions to trigger a TA
emergency handover, penalty is performed on the originating cell after a successful to prevent
a handover back to this cell due to other causes. The TA handover algorithm has been
optimized to meet the special requirements of the extended cells.
Quick level drop handover: This handover is responsive to the signals with rapid signal
level drop. The average value filtering and P/N decision methods are used in edge handover
and PBGT handover, and therefore the time for measurement and decision is prolonged. Thus,
these handovers are not sensitive to rapid level drop in a short period. Therefore, concerning
the rapid level drop, you can perform finite impact response (FIR) filtering on the original
receive level. This filtering method is responsive to the rapid level drop based on the drop
slope of the original receive level.
When the quick level drop handover is triggered, the selected target cell should have the
highest priority based on the ranking in the preprocessing. If the candidate GSM cells do not
meet the handover conditions and there are neighboring 3G cells available, the inter-RAT
handover is performed if allowed. Otherwise, the algorithm determines to perform the
emergency handover of other types.
Edge handover: Edge handover is a type of rescue handover based on the signal level. To
trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis
value (hysteresis of inter-cell handover) higher than the receive level of the serving cell.
When the receive level of the serving cell is lower than the edge handover threshold and the
P/N criterion is met within a period of measurement time, the edge handover is triggered for
the MS to maintain proper communication quality.
Bad quality handover: The transmission quality of the link is measured in bit error ratio
(BER). The BSC determines the quality of a radio link based on the quality level in the MR.
There are eight quality levels ranging from 0 to 7. Level 0 is the best and level 7 is the worst.
Bad quality level may be resulted from low signal power or channel interference. When the
receive quality of the serving cell is lower than the BQ handover threshold, the BSC starts the
handover algorithm for the MS to maintain proper communication quality. This procedure is
called BQ handover. If the serving cell meets the conditions to trigger the bad quality
handover, penalty is performed on the originating cell after a successful handover to prevent a
handover back to the cell due to other causes..
Interference handover: When the receive level of the serving cell is good, the network starts
the interference handover for the MS to maintain proper communication quality if the receive
quality deteriorates to a certain degree. If interference handover is triggered, the quality of the
channel in the serving cell is affected to some extent. Conversation, however, can be
maintained. At the same time, the receive level of the serving cell is relatively high and other
channel in the serving cell may be affected to some extent. Therefore, the intra-cell handover
is recommended.
PBGT handover: PBGT handover is also referred to as better cell handover. The PBGT
handover is based on the path loss. In PBGT handover, the system searches in real-time for a
cell with less path loss and in compliance with the system requirements. Then, the BSC
determines whether a handover is required. Compared with other handover algorithms, the
PBGT handover is triggered on the basis of path loss instead of receive level.


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Hierarchical handover: The radio systems with the same coverage can be divided into four
layers. The highest layer, also the fourth layer, is the umbrella-shaped GSM900 cell with wide
coverage. This GSM900 cell implements the coverage and the connection of the fast-moving
MS. The third layer is composed of GSM900 macro cells. These are the most widely used
cells of the current system. Most of the MSs camp on this layer. The second layer is
composed of DCS1800 micro cells with smaller coverage. The DCS1800 cell is also the target
cell for capacity expansion aiming at solving the problem of insufficient frequency resources.
The bottom layer is composed of DCS1800 pico cells, which aims to meet the requirements
of the hot spot or the blind spot. The cell at the lower layer has a higher priority than the cell
at the higher layer.
Inter-layer handover: This handover is performed between different layers or between
different hierarchies at the same layer. The inter-layer handover is not performed between
cells at the same layer and the same hierarchy. If the following situations occur in a layered
and hierarchical network:
A cell with a higher priority exists.
The cell meets the conditions to trigger the hierarchical handover. That is, the signal
level of a neighboring cell is higher than the sum of inter-layer handover threshold and
hysteresis.
The P/N criterion is met. That is, within period P, the conditions to trigger the handover
are met for period N.
Then, the call is handed over to the cell with a higher priority even if the serving cell can
provide good services. The purpose of hierarchical handover is to direct the traffic of the MS
to the cell with a higher priority so that the traffic can be distributed more properly.
During the call, the hierarchical handover flexibly adjusts the traffic distribution between
different layers to meet the requirements of various networking modes.

1.4.7 GBFD-110607 Directed Retry
Availability
Summary
Directed retry is a special type of handover. That is, during the assignment procedure, the
BSC initiates the directed retry procedure to switch the MS to a neighboring cell if no TCH is
available or the traffic load is heavy in the serving cell.
Benefits
This feature provides the following benefits:


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This feature helps reduce the call access failure due to TCH congestion in the serving
cell, and hence increases the access success rate.
This feature can balance the traffic load between different cells, and hence avoids the
traffic load imbalance among cells.
Description
When the MS initiates a call, the BSC determines the assignment procedure that is to be used
according to the load of the current cell if the BSC receives an ASSIGN REQ message from
the MSC. There are three types of assignment procedures: normal assignment procedure,
mode modification procedure, and directed retry procedure. If the load of the cell is so high
that the cell does not admit a new service or that a newly admitted service will affect the
existing services, the BSC determines to perform a directed retry. The directed retry procedure
is as follows:
The BSC sends a CHAN ACTIV message to the target cell.
After receiving a CHAN ACTIV ACK message, the BSC requests circuit service resources.
After the requested resources are allocated successfully, the BSC sends an HO CMD to the
MS through the originating cell.
The MS sends an HO ACC message in the target cell to attempt to access the network. The
BTS sends an HO DETECT message to notify the BSC of the request and sends the PHY
INFO message to the MS.
The MS accesses the network through the FIRST SABM frame. Then, the BTS sends an EST
IND message and a UA frame to the MS for acknowledgment.
The MS sends an HO CMP message to the BSC through the target cell. Then, the BSC sends
an ASS CMP message to the MSC to process signaling in other assignment procedures. The
mobile originated procedure is complete.
Based on the homing BSC and MSC of the serving cell and target cell, the directed retry can
be classified into these types: intra-BSC directed retry, inter-BSC directed retry, and
inter-MSC directed retry. The directed retry helps reduce the call access failures due to TCH
congestion in the serving cell, increase the access success rate, and improve the network
quality.
1.5 Cell Selection
1.5.1 GBFD-110401 Basic Cell Selection
Availability


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Summary
When the MS is powered on or moves from a blind spot to a coverage area, the MS searches
for all frequencies that the PLMN allows and selects a proper cell to camp on. This procedure
is called cell selection.
Benefits
This feature facilitates the automatic selection of the network on the MS and avoids the
complexity of manual operations.
Description
The cell selection involves two scenarios:
The MS does not store any information about the BCCH TRX.
The MS sets a search frequency band first. When the MS is tuned to the frequency with
the highest level, it decides whether this frequency is the BCCH TRX. If it is the BCCH
TRX, the MS tries to decode the SCH to synchronize with this frequency and read the
BCCH system broadcast messages. The MS camps on this cell if the MS can decode the
BCCH data correctly and confirms that this cell belongs to the selected PLMN,
parameter C1 exceeds 0, and that the access to this cell is not denied. Otherwise, the MS
is tuned to the frequency with the second highest level and repeats the decoding and data
verification procedures until the MS finds the available cell.
The MS stores the information about the BCCH frequency.
The MS searches for the stored BCCH frequency first. If the MS can decode the BCCH
data of the cell but cannot camp on this cell, it checks the BA (BCCH) list. If none of the
BCCH frequency in the list is suitable, the MS initiates the cell selection procedure
without the BCCH message mentioned earlier.
Whether an MS can select a cell to camp on is also influenced by the following factors:
Two parameters in system information 1
Cell bar access (CBA): It indicates whether a cell allows access of an MS. Cell bar
access is a one-bit code: Value 0 indicates that the access is allowed, and value 1
indicates that the access is not allowed. This parameter does not influence the access of
MSs that are handed over to the cell.
Access control (AC): It can be graded from level 0 to level 9 and from level 11 to level
15. Usually each GSM subscriber has an access level and each level is represented by
one bit: Value 1 indicates that the current cell does not allow the access of the MS with
the corresponding level value. Otherwise, the access is allowed. Subscribers with level
11 to level 15 have higher priority over subscribers with level 0 to level 9 in access, but
there is no priority difference within level 11 to level 15 or within level 0 to level 9.
The minimum receive level allowed in system information 3:
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN: It is the signal level threshold represented by a 6-bit code. The
range 0 to 63 corresponds to the level value range 110 dBm to 47 dBm.
Access parameter CBQ in system information 4


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Cell Bar Qualify (CBQ): It is a one-bit code. CBQ and CBA together indicate the
priority status of the cell. For details, see the following table.
CBQ CBA Priority Status of
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Status
0 0 Normal Normal
0 1 Barred Barred
1 0 Low Normal
1 1 Low Normal
Enhancement
None.
Dependency
Impacts on the BSC hardware
None.
Impacts on the BTS hardware
Please refer to the BTS Dependency of feature list.
Dependency on other features of the GBSS
None.
Dependency on other NEs
None.

1.5.2 GBFD-110402 Basic Cell Re-selection
Availability
Summary
The MS in idle mode reselects the cell based on the trigger condition to find a cell that can
provide better services. This procedure is called cell reselection.


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Benefits
The MS is always bound to a relatively good cell to obtain better service quality.
Description
The MS in idle mode periodically measures the receive level of the downlink BCCH TRX of
the serving cell and that of all downlink BCCH TRX in the BA list indicated by the BCCH
system information. Based on the corresponding algorithm, the MS then calculates the C2
value and determines whether to select a new serving cell. The MS periodically reselect cells
based on the cell reselection algorithm. In this way, the MS can find a cell that can provide
better service. This feature enables the MS to bind to a relatively good cell to obtain better
service quality.
The cell reselection of the MS is based on the BA list provided in the system broadcast
information about the serving cell. The GSM network has two BA lists. One is transmitted in
the system information on the BCCH, used for cell selection and reselection of MSs in idle
mode. The other is transmitted in the system information on the SACCH, used to inform the
MS about which BCCH TRX is used for handover monitoring in dedicated mode.
The MS triggers the cell reselection procedure in any one of the following scenarios (if the C2
algorithm is not activated, that is, C2 = C1):
The C2 value of a cell (belonging to the same location area as the current cell) exceeds
the C2 value of the current cell for five consecutive seconds.
The C1 value of a cell (belonging to a location area different from that of the current cell)
exceeds the sum of the C2 value of the current serving cell and cell selection hysteresis
value for five consecutive seconds.
The current serving cell is barred.
The MS detects a downlink failure.
The C1 value of the serving cell is less than 0 for five consecutive seconds.
The access attempt fails after the number of retransmissions exceeds the maximum one
during the random access of the MS.
The following parameter in system information 4 determines whether to activate the C2
calculation:
PI (Cell Reselect Parameters Indication) indicates whether the MS uses C2 as cell reselection
parameter and whether the parameters related to the C2 formula exist. It is a one-bit code: 0
indicates that the MS uses C1 as the cell reselection parameter; 1 indicates that the MS uses
C2 retrieved from the system information as the cell reselection parameter.
Enhancement
None.


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Dependency
None.
None.
None.
1.6 Connection Management
1.6.1 GBFD-110501 Call Control
Availability
Summary
Through the call control procedure, the BSS provides required radio resources and terrestrial
circuit to the call so that the CN can complete the call connection procedure.
Benefits
Call control is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS speech services.
Description
Huawei GBSS supports MOC, MTC, and emergency call. Through resource management
algorithms and control functions, the BSC provides the transmission channel for the call
control signaling between the MS and the MSC by establishing the RR connection. In the call
control, the BSS handles the call requests by priorities. For example, the emergency call takes
precedence over common calls, and thus the BSS preferentially allocate the required
resources to the emergency call. For the BSC, the call control mainly involves the radio
channel allocation, A interface resource allocation with the coordination of MSC, and TCH
release. The following call procedures are supported:
MOC
MTC


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Emergency call
MS-originated call release
Network-originated call release
1.6.2 GBFD-110502 Assignment and Immediate Assignment
Availability
Summary
Immediate assignment and assignment are two important procedures during the call setup.
Through the immediate assignment procedure, the MS can establish an RR connection with
the network. Through the assignment procedure, the network assigns TCHs to the MS. In this
way, a stable service connection is established between the network and the MS.
Benefits
Immediate assignment and assignment are basic features for the operators to provide the CS
speech services. Excellent immediate assignment and assignment algorithms ensure relatively
high KPIs, and thus improves the radio network performance.
Description
Huawei GBSS supports the immediate assignment procedure, immediate assignment
combination, and corresponding assignment procedure specified in GSM specifications.
The purpose of the immediate assignment is to establish the RR connection between the MS
and the network.
Through the assignment procedure, the BSS assigns the TCH to the MS. The assignment is
classified into early assignment for MOC, late assignment for MOC, very early assignment
for MOC, early assignment for MTC, late assignment for MTC, and very early assignment for
MTC.
Immediate assignment
The immediate assignment procedure is initiated every time the MS responds to the
paging request or the MS initiates a service request. The purpose of the immediate
assignment is to establish the RR connection between the MS and the network. In the
immediate assignment procedure, the MS sends a CHANNEL REQUEST message on
the random access channel (RACH). The network then responds with an IMMEDIATE
ASSIGNMENT message to instruct the MS to access the network through the dedicated
channel. This channel can be a stand-alone dedicated control channel (SDCCH) or a
TCH. Huawei BSC supports cell-level SDCCH immediate assignment and TCH
immediate assignment.
Immediate assignment combination


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Each immediate assignment from the BSC on the Abis interface includes the response
for only one MS's channel request message. The response messages for channel request
on the Um interface, however, are of three types: immediate assignment, immediate
assignment extended and immediate assignment reject. One immediate assignment
extended may include the responses for two immediate assignment messages and one
immediate assignment reject may include the immediate assignment commands (reject
type) for a maximum of four MSs. To improve the processing efficiency on the Um
interface, the BTS encapsulates as many immediate assignment commands as possible
into one immediate assignment extended message or immediate assignment reject
message on the Um interface and sends it to the MS. This type of processing method is
called immediate assignment combination.
Early assignment for MOC
Early assignment for MOC is a procedure in which the MOC is assigned a TCH before
the call is established. After the immediate assignment is complete, the network sends
the assignment command to the MS, requesting the calling party to seize the TCH even
if the Altering message is not received. In this case, the ring tone is generated by the
network.
Late assignment for MOC
In terms of signaling, the network sends the assignment command to the MS only after
the Alerting message from the called party is received, requesting the calling party to
seize the TCH. In this case, the ring tone is generated by the MS because no TCH is
available before the connection is established.
Very early assignment for MOC
The very early assignment for MOC is a procedure in which the TCH instead of the
SDCCH is assigned to the calling party during the immediate assignment phase. This
function increases the service access speed. The system performs the authentication,
ciphering, other signaling exchanges, and subsequent call connection procedures on the
TCH. After receiving the ASS REQ message from the network, the BSS changes the
TCH used for signaling exchanges to a real TCH through the Mode Modify command.
Early assignment for MTC
Early assignment for MTC is a procedure in which the MTC is assigned with a TCH
before the call is established. In terms of signaling, the MTC establishment is triggered
when the Paging Request message from the network is received. After the immediate
assignment is complete, the network sends the assignment command to the MS,
requesting the called party to seize the TCH even if the Altering message is not received.
In this case, the ring tone is generated by the network.
Late assignment for MTC
In terms of signaling, the network sends the assignment command to the MS only after
the Alerting message is received, requesting the called party to seize the TCH. In this
case, the ring tone is generated by the MS because no TCH is available before the
connection is established.
Very early assignment for MTC
The very early assignment for MTC is a procedure in which the TCH instead of the
SDCCH is assigned to the called party during the immediate assignment phase. This
function increases the service access speed. The system performs the authentication,


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ciphering, other signaling exchanges, and subsequent call connection procedures on the
TCH. After receiving the ASS REQ message from the network, the BSS modifies the
TCH used for signaling exchanges to a real TCH through the Mode Modify command.
1.6.3 GBFD-110503 Call Reestablishment
Availability
Summary
When the MS encounters a radio link failure during the call, the call reestablishment
procedure can be used to reestablish the radio link connection so that the original call can
proceed.
Benefits
The call is reestablished quickly after a call drop caused by the radio link failure. This
mechanism shortens the call intermission, and thus improves the user experience.
Description
Call reestablishment is a procedure for connection recovery after the MS encounters a radio
link failure during the call. Call reestablishment may occur in a new cell or new location area.
The initiation of the call reestablishment attempt depends on the call status and whether the
cell allows call reestablishment.
After detecting a radio link failure, the BTS sends a radio link failure message to the BSC.
The BSC then releases the corresponding radio resource and waits for the MS to initiate the
call reestablishment.
After detecting a radio link failure, the MS sends a Channel Request message for call
reestablishment) in the selected cell (the original cell or a new cell) to the BSS. The BSS then
initiates and completes the immediate assignment procedure. After the immediate assignment
is complete, the MS sends a call reestablishment request to the MSC.
The MSC initiates the encryption and assignment procedures. The call establishment is almost
complete. The MSC sends a status query message to the MS to confirm whether the call status
or attach status matches the status information stored on the MSC. The MS sends the MSC a
status message to report the call status or attach status. The call reestablishment is complete.
During the call reestablishment, the MS cannot return to idle mode. Therefore, when the MS
selects a cell in a different location area as the target cell for call reestablishment, the location
updating procedure cannot be performed until this call terminiates.
The MSC controls the call reestablishment procedure, and the BSC is responsible for the
channel establishment and layer 3 message forwarding. Other processing is not required.


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1.6.4 GBFD-112501 TCH Re-assignment
Availability
Summary
The TCH re-assignment refers to that the BSC re-assigns a TCH to the MS after a TCH
assignment fails.
Benefits
Minimizes the impact on the call continuity caused by the TRX channel fault, and thus
ensures a successful first dialing.
Greatly reduces the assignment failures caused by the frequency interference in a cell,
and thus minimizes the impact on the call continuity and improve the service quality.
Description
During a call, the BSC assigns a TCH to the MS after receiving an assignment request
message from the MSC. Then, the assignment command is issued to the MS through the Um
interface. If the TCH assignment fails because of various causes such as the co-channel
interference, the BSC re-assigns another TCH to the MS instead of sending an assignment
failure message to the MSC. If the TCH re-assignment is successful, the BSC sends a
message to the MSC, indicating that the assignment is complete; otherwise, the BSC sends a
message to the MSC, indicating that the assignment fails.
1.7 Radio Resource Management
1.7.1 GBFD-111001 TRX Management
Availability
Summary
TRX management involves four procedures about the TRX to support the signaling flow on
the control plane of layer 3.


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Benefits
TRX management is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS speech services. This
feature enables the management of the error reporting, flow control, and radio resources of the
TRX such as SACCH resources.
In Huawei GBSS, this feature can be implemented completely on the BSC side. Thus, the
management operations on the BTS are avoided, O&M is simplified, O&M expenditure is
reduced, and thereby O&M efficiency is improved.
Description
To enable the Abis interface to support the signaling flow on the control plane of layer 3
specified by 3GPP TS 44.018/3GPP TS 24.008, a set of TRX-level service management
procedures are provided. This set of procedures is referred to as TRX management.
Procedures involved in the TRX management are all completed at the BTS or BSC without
being directed to the core network elements. The procedures are as follows:
SACCH filling information modification procedure
The BSC informs the BTS of the new system information used on all downlink SACCHs
so that the BTS can instruct the MS to initiate the system information updating
procedure.
Radio resource indication procedure
The BTS informs the BSC of the interference level on the idle dedicated channels of
each TRX. Thus, the BSC is completely informed of the interference level of the current
idle channels to facilitate subsequent channel assignments.
Flow control procedure
The frame unit controller (FUC) on a TRX informs the BSC of the TRX overload due to
CCCH overload, AGCH overload, or TRX processor overload.
Error reporting procedure
The BTS informs the BSC of the detected downlink errors that cannot be reported by
other procedures.
1.7.2 GBFD-111002 Radio Link Management
Availability
Summary
Radio link management involves not only the establishment and release of radio links but also
the transfer of layer 3 messages.


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Benefits
Radio link management is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS speech services.
This feature involves the establishment and release of radio links, the transfer of layer 3
messages, and the real-time monitoring of radio links, and thus facilitates the basic radio link
management.
Description
Radio link management, mainly used for the establishment and release of radio links and the
message forwarding, manages the data link layer. Through the procedures in the radio link
management, the BTS and the BSC can perform channel status management, initial service
establishment and service release. The procedures involved in the radio link management are
as follows:
Link establishment and release procedures
Link establishment indication: Through this procedure, the BTS informs the BSC that
the multi-frame link has been established. The BSC establishes an SCCP link to the
MSC according to this indication procedure.
Link establishment request: Through this procedure, the BSC requests to establish a
multi-frame link on the radio path.
Link release indication: Through this procedure, The BTS informs the BSC that the radio
link release initiated by the MS is complete.
Link release request: Through this procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to release a
radio link.
Transparent transmission of layer 3 messages
Transmission of a transparent layer 3 message in acknowledged mode: Through this
procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to forward a transparent layer 3 message on the
Um interface in acknowledged mode.
Reception of a transparent layer 3 message in acknowledged mode: Through this
procedure, the BTS informs the BSC that a transparent layer 3 message on the Um
interface is received in acknowledged mode.
Transmission of a transparent layer 3 message in unacknowledged mode: Through this
procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to forward a transparent layer 3 message in
unacknowledged mode.
Reception of a transparent layer 3 message in unacknowledged mode: Through this
procedure, the BTS informs the BSC that a transparent layer 3 message on the Um
interface is received in unacknowledged mode.
Notification and handling of the link fault
Link error indication: Through this procedure, the BTS informs the BSC of the errors on
the radio link layer.


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1.7.3 GBFD-111003 Radio Common Channel Management
Availability
Summary
Radio common channel management involves the management of common control channels
such as PCH, RACH, AGCH, NCH, PPCH, PRACH, and PAGCH.
Benefits
Radio common channel management is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS
speech services.
Description
Common control channels
Common control channels include PCH, RACH, AGCH, NCH, PPCH, PRACH, and
PAGCH.
Paging Channel (PCH): Downlink channel. The MS listens to the PCH at intervals to
determine whether there is a call request from the MSC.
RACH: Uplink channel: The MS accesses the network through the RACH and requests
the network to assign an SDCCH.
Access Grant Channel (AGCH): Downlink channel. The network informs the MS of the
assigned dedicated channel (SDCCH or TCH) through the AGCH.
Notification Channel (NCH): Downlink channel, used for voice group call service
(VGCS) and voice broadcast service (VBS).
Packet Paging Channel (PPCH): Downlink channel. The MS listens to the PPCH at
intervals to determine whether there is a packet call to the MS from the SGSN.
Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH): Uplink channel. The MS requests for
network access through the PRACH.
Packet Access Grant Channel (PAGCH): Downlink channel. The network informs the
MS of the assigned packet data service channel through the PAGCH.
Radio common channel management
The radio common channel management procedures involve the signaling procedures of
MS access and assignment, and also the resource management of the common channel.
The involved procedures are as follows:
Channel request by MS: This procedure is triggered when the TRX detects a random
access request (channel request message) from the MS.
Paging: This procedure is used to page an MS on a paging sub-channel. It is used for the
MOC and initiated by the MSC through the BSC. The BSC determines the paging group


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to be used according to the IMSI of the called MS. The values of this paging group are
sent to the BTS along with the identity information of the MS.
Immediate assignment: When the MS first accesses the BTS, the BSC assigns a
dedicated channel for the MS immediately through this procedure.
CCCH load indication: The BTS informs the BSC of the load information on a CCCH
timeslot. If this load exceeds the load limit predefined in the system, the BTS sends the
CCCH overload indication to the BSC periodically.
Delete indication: Through this procedure, the BTS informs the BSC that one immediate
assignment message is deleted without being put in the AGCH queue due to AGCH
overload. To do this, the BTS sends a Delete indication message to the BSC.
Broadcast information modification: The BSC informs the BTS of the new information
to broadcast on the BCCH. To do this, the BSC sends a BCCH information message to
the BTS.
Short message cell broadcast: Through this procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to send
the cell broadcast short message.
VGCS establishment notification: On receiving the VGCS ASSIG REQ message from
the CN, the BSC establishes a VGCS channel immediately or later based on the strategy
information in the VGCS ASSIG REQ message. Then, the BSC sends the Notification
information to the BTS. The BTS then sends this information to the MS. On receiving
this information, the MS responds to the information accordingly.

1.7.4 GBFD-111004 Radio Dedicated Channel Management
Availability
Summary
Radio dedicated channel management involves the assignment, activation, release,
management, and reporting of the dedicated channels such as SDCCH, SACCH, and TCH.
Benefits
Radio dedicated channel management is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS
speech services.
Description
Radio dedicated channel management involves the assignment, activation, release,
management, and reporting of the dedicated channels such as SDCCH, SACCH, and TCH.
The involved procedures are as follows:


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Channel activation: Through this procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to activate a dedicated
channel for an MS. After this channel is activated, the BSC assigns this channel to the MS
through the Immediate Assign, Assign Command, Additional Assign or Handover Command
message.
Channel mode modification: Through this procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to change the
mode of an activated channel.
Handover detection: This procedure is used to detect the access of the switched MS between
the target BTS and the target BSC.
Start of encryption: This procedure is used to initiate the encryption procedure specified by
GSM TS 04.08.
Measurement reporting: This procedure consists of the mandatory basic measurement
reporting procedure and the optional measurement reporting procedure with pre-processing.
Through these two procedures, the BTS reports to the BSC all the parameters related to
handover decision.
SACCH deactivation: Through this procedure, the BSC deactivates the related SACCH of a
TRX according to the requirement of the channel release procedure specified by GSM TS
04.08.
Radio channel release: Through this procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to release a radio
channel that is not in use.
MS power control: Through this procedure, the BSS controls the transmit power of the MS
related to an activated channel. The MS power control decision should be implemented on the
BSC or BTS.
BTS transmit power control: Through this procedure, the BSS controls the transmit power of
the activated channel on the TRX. BSS transmit power control should be implemented on the
BSC or BTS.
Connection failure: Through this procedure, the BTS informs the BSC that an activated
dedicated channel is disconnected.
SACCH information modification: Through this procedure, the BSC instructs the BTS to
change the filling information (system information) on an SACCH.

1.7.5 GBFD-111005 Enhanced Channel Assignment Algorithm
Availability
Summary
Enhanced channel assignment algorithm is adopted to allocate the optimum channel based on
various factors.


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Benefits
By taking into account of various factors, this feature enables the BSS to allocate the
optimum channel to each call, and hence ensures bettervoice quality for subscribers.
This feature enables the BSS to provide as many services as possible by using limited channel
resources, thus maximizing the service capacity of the network.
Description
Channel assignment priorities:
Enhanced channel assignment algorithm is adopted for the selection of an optimum
channel. Each channel is assigned with a priority level. The channel of lower priority
level is less likely to be allocated than the channel of higher priority level.
Enhanced channel assignment algorithm provides four types of priority levels: capacity,
quality, PS coordination, and management. The four types of priorities work together and
form the overall priority of each radio channel. A higher overall priority value indicates a
higher priority level and an earlier assignment of the radio resource accordingly. Four
factors are considered in determining the priority level: capacity, quality, PS coordination,
and management. The priority level has the following sub-priorities: frequency band,
data rate, concentric cell, AMR, interference, seizure record, number of PDCHs, and
TRX.
Channel assignment principles
Channel assignment based on interference: The channels with less interference should be
preferentially assigned except in the following situations: One situation is that for the
high priority calls or subscribers, the MSC should prevent the assignment of channels
whose interference exceeds a predefined interference threshold. Another situation is that
to improve the call completion rate and voice quality, the calls with better receive level
should be assigned relatively high-interference channels and those with worse receive
level should be assigned relatively low-interference channels, taken into account the
maximum transmit power of the MS and the path loss in a certain call environment.
Channel assignment based on channel configuration: Take into account factors such as
whether the channel and BCCH belong to the same TRX. Channel assignment based on
channel configuration helps reduce the network interference and hence improve the
network quality.
Channel assignment based on history record: This algorithm has the memory function.
The history record consists of the information on successful and failed channel seizures
and on the call drops during the seizures. In addition, the BSC needs to determine
whether a failed seizure and a call drop during a seizure are caused by radio channel
faults. Such history records provide reliable basis for the current channel assignment.
Channel assignment based on load balance: This mechanism facilitates the even
distribution of channel seizures on different TRXs. This not only reduces the co-channel
and adjacent-channel interference but also prevents the situation wherein a large number
of calls are carried on certain TRXs.
Channel assignment based on specific calls: Specific calls such as intra-cell handover
and concentric cell handover have special channel assignment strategies. The intra-cell
handovers are mainly triggered by factors related to channel quality. Thus, the frequency


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of the TRX that carries the original channel is likely to be interfered. If the original
channel is in frequency hopping mode, certain frequencies in the frequency hopping
group are likely to be interfered to a great extent. Therefore, a channel of a different
TRX or a different frequency hopping group as the original channel should be allocated
for the intra-cell handover.
1.8 Operation and Maintenance
1.8.1 MRFD-210302 Performance Management
Availability
Summary
This feature periodically takes samples of counters about the management objects, bearer
resources, and services. The sampled data is then collected, saved, monitored, and analyzed.
In this way, the operating status of the network can be obtained. Thus, this feature helps
operators quickly locate and solve problems and optimize the network.
Benefits
This feature provides an efficient method for monitoring the network performance and
facilitates the network troubleshooting and optimization. The real-time performance
monitoring is a more effective feature.
Description
Performance management helps collect the measurable performance data to obtain the
network operating status, thus helping the operators quickly locate and solve problems and
optimize the network.
Performance measurement management
This feature provides operators with a method for managing the measurable performance
data.
For the new commissioning NEs (BSC and BTS), the pre-defined performance statistics
completely starts after the initial start-up or restart. The performance statistics can be
suspended or restored manually.
The BSC and BTS provide the interfaces between them and the M2000, allowing the M2000
to collect necessary statistic data and to configure the related parameters including statistic
counters and periods.


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The statistic data is saved on the M2000 in binary-formatting files in every statistic period.
The result files are saved on the BTS for up to 24 hours or on the BSC for up to 10 days. If a
fault occurs in data transmission, you can obtain the lost data through the M2000.
Real-time performance monitoring
This feature supports the real-time performance monitoring and displays the details of the
monitoring result in the GUI. Thus, it facilitates the troubleshooting, drive test, network
optimization, and other operations.
The monitoring tasks are managed by the LMT of the NE. The data monitored is displayed in
curve and stored in a file automatically for later review.
The following items can be monitored in real time:
Equipment performance: CPU usage, clock source quality, and so on.
Connection performance: SIR measurement, UE transmit power, and so on.
Cell performance: PCPICH transmit power, number of UEs in the cell, and so on.
Link performance: IMA group, UNI link, and so on.
Service performance: RF performance, UL channel scanning, and resource usage.
Performance measurement counter
The performance measurement counters include key counters and other counters. The key
counters are used to generate the KPIs of the network which are defined on the M2000, and
these pre-defined counters are initialized immediately after the BSC and the BTS start. The
KPIs, related original counters, and formula can be added, modified, and deleted on the
M2000. Other counters indicating the network performance can also be added as required.
The following performance counters are supported:
The measurements can be classified into the following types according to the measurement
object:
BSC measurement
Cell measurement
TRX measurement
Neighboring cell measurement
The measurements can be classified into the following types according to the MS status:
Paging
Call
Measurement report
Channel allocation
Enhanced performance measurement:
Measurement of incoming and outgoing cell handovers


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This measurement provides data about the incoming and outgoing cell handovers. The
collected measurement data assists the operators in network adjustment and
optimization.
Undefined adjacent cell measurement
This measurement provides BSIC, BCCH frequency, average signal strength, number of
MRs of adjacent cells that are included in the BA list but not included in the adjacent cell
relation table. The collected measurement data assists the operators in network
adjustment and optimization.
Defined adjacent cell measurement
This measurement provides BSIC, BCCH frequency, average signal strength, number of
MRs of the defined adjacent cell. The collected measurement data assists the operators in
network adjustment and optimization.
Uplink and downlink balance measurement
This measurement provides the data about the balance between the uplink and downlink
of TCHs. The uplink and downlink balance level is graded according to the receive
levels in the uplink and downlink. The collected measurement data assists the operators
in network adjustment and optimization.
Call drop measurement
This measurement provides the average level and quality in the uplink and downlink,
and also the average TA value of SDCCH call drops and TCH call drops. The collected
measurement data assists the operators in network adjustment and optimization.
BTS out-of-service measurement
This measurement is provided by the performance management of the BSC together with
the M2000. This measurement provides the start time of BTS out-of-service, end time of
BTS out-of-service (or service recovery time), and the duration of BTS out-of-service.

1.8.2 GBFD-111202 O&M of BTS
Availability
Summary
Through the BTS OMC at the local end or the remote end, O&M can be performed for BTS
logical objects or BTS boards. The logical objects include site, cell, baseband (BT), channel
(CH), radio carrier (RC), and timeslot.
Benefits
The BTS O&M has powerful functions, facilitates and simplifies the O&M, and reduces the
O&M expenditure.


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Huawei GBSS BTS O&M system provides the following benefits:
Flexible operations enable the operators to perform the O&M at either the local end or
remote end as required by the engineering or O&M.
Compared with O&M at separated sites, the O&M system provided by Huawei GBSS
reduces the manual operations and the O&M cost because Huawei GBSS supports the
centralized O&M for BTSs controlled by one BSC.
The remote O&M system helps promptly locate and solve the problem of BTS operation,
and hence reduces the operating expenditure.
Description
The BTS O&M involves the following operations: query, loading, and activation of software
version; query of site attributes; query of the usage of various resources; transmission
performance test; reset in levels; environment monitoring; alarm shielding; query of ring
networking parameters.
O&M of multiple BTSs
This function reduces the work of maintenance personnel and also the possibility of improper
operations, particularly in the case of large-scale operation. Huawei GBSS supports the four
types of operations for multiple BTSs: query of fault, query of software version, forced
loading of software, and software activation.
O&M of cell
O&M of cell involves the following operations: cell attribute query, cell administrative state
change, cell system information sending, and forced cell handover. The forced cell handover
provided by the BSC refers to the forced handover with or without an assigned target cell. The
BSC selects a target cell based on the MR to ensure that the handover is successful. The
forced cell handover is used to switch the subscribers in a cell to another cell before the BTS
maintenance to ensure that no call drops occur during the BTS maintenance.
O&M of BT
O&M of BT involves the following operations: query of BT attribute, reset in levels for BT,
query and change of BT administrative state, and BT test.
O&M of CH
O&M of CH involves the following operations: query of CH attribute, query and change of
CH administrative state, forced CH handover, and related O&M of CH.
O&M of RC
O&M of RC involves the following operations: O&M of TRX administrative state, query of
TRX attributes, and automatic frequency calibration.
O&M of BTS involves also board specific operations such as query, maintenance, and reset of
the BTS boards. You can select specific boards on the O&M system to query information such
as the software and hardware information, extended power information. In addition, you can
reset boards and query board alarms on the O&M system. For certain boards, you can also set


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the clock. By checking the operating status displayed on the LMT, you can be fully aware of
the state of the BTS.
All O&M functions can be implemented at either the remote end or local end, facilitating the
use and query. The general maintenance or operation of the logical object can be performed at
the remote end. In the case of hardware replacement, all O&M can be performed at the local
end.

1.8.3 GBFD-111203 O&M of BSC
Availability
Summary
Users access the NE through the LMT or M2000 to perform routine maintenance and
operation such as data configuration, alarm management, security management, performance
data collection and analysis, and loading and upgrading so that the NE functions properly.
Benefits
Users can add, delete, modify, query the configured data, and perform various
maintenance operations for the NE so that the NE can provide services as required.
Users can monitor and learn about the operating status of the NE in real time to promptly
locate and rectify the fault.
Users can upgrade the NE at either the local end or the remote end.
Description
The graphical interface makes the O&M of BSC easy to understand and easy to use. The
O&M of BSC mainly provides the following functions:
Configuration management
The data configuration of the BSC and the BTS under the control of this BSC is
managed. The data configuration for the BSC can be performed on the LMT either
online or offline.
Software management
As an important function of the O&M system, software management involves operations
such as loading, management, and activation. The management objects include software
of each board, software patch, license, and BOOTROM. The operations of these four
types of software facilitate convenient and proper management of BSC software.
O&M of board


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O&M of board involves the reset and switchover of boards, the monitoring of CPU and
DSP, and the reset of subracks or the system. Users perform different operations to solve
the problems or maintain the system in different situations.
System monitoring
System monitoring involves monitoring and offline browsing of the CPU/DSP usage. A
maximum of four objects can be monitored in a task. Multiple monitoring tasks can be
performed at the same time. Monitoring of the CPU/DSP usage enables the users to learn
about the system load in real time.
Query of call resources
Based on the IMSI or other information of a subscriber provided by the maintenance
personnel, the system queries all the resources the subscriber uses in the GBSS. These
resources include the BTS, sector, TRX, circuits on the Abis interface, Ater interface
information about the BSC, A interface information, TC resources, and board
information. All the information helps maintenance personnel quickly locate problems
and faults.
Maintenance of interface and link
Maintenance of interface and link involves the management of LAPD link, SS7 link, and
the trunk circuit on each interface. For example, query of the status of the LAPD link,
SS7 link, and trunk circuit, changing the status of trunk circuit, blocking and unblocking
of the LAPD link and SS7 link.
Time synchronization
Huawei BSC implements the time synchronization with the upper-level NMS through
BAM to complete the synchronization of all NEs managed by a centralized NMS. The
BAM distributes the synchronized clock to all the BSC boards to synchronize all the
elements of the system.
Through powerful maintenance functions, the maintenance personnel can quickly get
familiar with the BSC LMT and master the usage of Huawei equipment to maintain
Huawei GBSS in a simple and efficient way.

1.8.4 GBFD-111207 BTS Test Function
Availability
Summary
BTS test involves site test, baseband test, baseband idle timeslot test, TCH loopback test,
transmission performance test, cyclic redundancy check (CRC), and BTS antenna fault
detection.


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Benefits
One of the major problems faced by all operators is quick and easy location of the cause and
faulty module of the BTS problems.
The OMC at the remote end and local end provided by Huawei GBSS enables the BTS test
and also the centralized and remote BTS test. This facilitates the commissioning at the local
end during installation and also the centralized management through the NMS and the OMC
remotely during the O&M process. Huawei GBSS BTS test feature provides the following
benefits:
Flexible operations are supported. Operators can perform the O&M at either the local
end or remote end as required by the engineering or O&M.
Compared with fault management at separated sites, the BTS O&M system provided by
Huawei GBSS reduces the manual operations and the O&M expenditure because
Huawei GBSS supports the centralized management for BTSs under one BSC.
Various test functions help the maintenance personnel to locate the fault and identify the
faulty module without the use of test devices. This enables the automatic problem
detection and thus saves the maintenance expenditure.
Description
Site test: In the site test, the board hardware is tested. The boards can be TMU board, TRX,
and CDU. The hardware test enables early detection and recovery of hardware failure.
Baseband test: Baseband test involves BIU loopback test and TRX self-test. In BIU loopback
test, the timeslot transmission of the TRX signaling channel on the BTS DBUS is tested. The
TRX sends the signaling channel data to the signaling timeslot of the BTS DBUS. After the
loopback through the TMU, the TRX receives the data sent by the TRX itself. The TRX
compares the data with the original data, and then reports the BER to obtain the link quality
of the signaling channel on the BTS DBUS. In TRX self-test, the running status of the TRX is
tested.
Baseband idle timeslot test: During the network optimization, you need to manually set the
network to maximum interference mode to obtain the maximum interference of the entire
network. This is achieved by sending the dummy burst on all idle timeslots of a specific area.
In the test start command, set the test time to 1 to 24 hours. The test can be stopped
automatically by software or stopped manually on the LMT.
TCH loopback test: TCH loopback test involves BIU loopback test and TRX RF self-loop test.
In the BIU loopback test, the timeslot transmission of the TRX TCH on the BTS DBUS is
tested. The TRX sends the TCH data to the traffic timeslot of the BTS DBUS. After the
loopback through the TMU, the TRX receives the data sent by the TRX itself. The TRX
compares the data with the original data, and then reports the BER to obtain the link quality
of the TCH on the BTS DBUS. In the TRX RF self-loop test, the quality of the RX channel
and TX channel of the TRX is tested. TRX RF self-test is carried out by the digital signal
processing unit in the TRX. Through the baseband processing unit and the loopback of the RF
unit, the data is transmitted through baseband processing unit again and returned to the digital
signal processing unit. The digital signal processing unit compares the data with the original
data and reports the BER to obtain the quality information regarding the TX and RX channels.


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Transmission performance test: The transmission performance of the E1 port specified by the
BTS. The transmission performance information regarding a specified TMU board can be
learned quickly through the E1 loopback test. Two types of loopback modes are available: E1
loopback and timeslot loopback. When E1 loopback is selected, all the timeslots of a specified
E1 port are tested. When timeslot loopback is selected, the number of the timeslot should be
specified. One timeslot can be tested in one test.
CRC: Operators can decide whether to adopt CRC for the transmission between the BTS and
the BSC.

1.8.5 GBFD-111210 Integrated Network Management Interface
Availability
Summary
GBSS products access Huawei mobile integrated network management system M2000
through the integrated network management interface.
Benefits
The M2000 is located in the element management-layer (EM-layer) of the telecommunication
management network (TMN) model. It provides a network management interface for the
upper-level network management system (NMS).
The integrated operation and maintenance of the GBSS can be implemented on the
M2000.
The upper-level NMS or the NMS of other vendors can be accessed through the
northbound interface provided by the M2000.
Description
The M2000 is an integrated management system on NE level. It supports the integrated
operation and maintenance of mobile devices. With flexible access modes, the remote
network element devices can access the M2000 through the wide area network (WAN). The
LMT can be placed anywhere on the network. In normal communications, the centralized
maintenance is performed; when the communication with the M2000 is interrupted, the local
maintenance is initiated. In addition, the M2000 provides the northbound interface to access
the upper-level network management system or the network management system of other
vendors.
The GBSS accesses the M2000 through the integrated network management interface of the
LMT. In addition, users can implement functions such as software management, configuration,


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maintenance, alarm management, performance statistics, and security management through
the integrated network management interface.

1.8.6 MRFD-210303 Inventory Management
Availability
Summary
This feature assists in reporting the information about the physical and logical objects of the
NEs to the M2000, and also assists in managing this information on the M2000.
Benefits
As a large number of devices are deployed on networks, it becomes difficult to manage
equipment. For ease of equipment management, operators need to obtain the information
about the physical device and some important logical information. With this feature, the
information can be reported to the M2000, thus facilitating the asset management. In addition,
operators can obtain the accurate decision-making data of the existing networks in time.
Description
The inventory management helps operators to manage the network assets and configuration
data. With this function, network assets and configuration data can be managed on the
M2000.
The objects that are managed by this function include physical objects (such as rack, frame,
slot, board, and fan) and logic objects (such as cell, software, and patch).
Upon a request from the M2000, the information about the network assets and configuration
data are generated in an .xml file and then are sent to the M2000. The M2000 saves the
uploaded information in the network inventory database.
Upon a request from the M2000, the BSC reports its information about the assets and
configuration to the M2000.
In the GSM-R network, the inventory of the BTS is jointly controlled by the BSC and the
BTS.
The BTS inventory management system is deployed on the M2000. The M2000 sends the
required inventory information command to the BSC through the southbound interface. On
reception of this command, the BSC queries the inventory information about all the BTSs,
generates files, and sends the files to the M2000. Then, the M2000 interprets the files and
saves them in the database. Some inventory information can be imported through the manual
input or other files. The M2000 supports the query, synchronization, modification, export, and
import of the BTS inventory information.


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The BTS supports the reporting of the information about the electronic label, software version,
and hardware version of the BTS boards as well as the information about the manufacturer of
the heat exchanger. In addition, the BTS also supports the input and reporting of the bar code
of the BTS cabinet.
As the ID of a board, the electronic label provides the basis for board replacement, presents a
traceable mark in the entire lifecycle of the board, and supplies the data required for the
management, tracing, and mintenance of the board. The information about the electronic label
of the BTS board includes: the board model, bar code, BOM code, description, production
date, name of the manufacturer, and release number.
The M2000 provides the import or modification function for the inventory information that is
not supported by the BTS. That is, the information can be manually entered. The information
includes the information about the BTS antenna, electronic label of the board that fails to
report the electronic label (mainly purchased parts), and the ultimate service time of the board
information area. This information is not sent to the BTS for storage but is saved only in the
inventory management system on the M2000.
In addition, no storage part is available in the BTS cabinet, and thus the bar code of the
cabinet needs to be manually entered on the M2000 or the LMT. The BTS supports the input
of this information and also the storage of it in the main control board of the BTS. Then, the
BTS sends the information to the BSC through the inventory management interface.

Board electronic label
Board software version and hardware version
Information about the manufacturer of the
heat exchanger
Cabinet electronic bar code
Obtain BTS inventory information and
generate the BTS inventory file and generate
the BTS inventory file
Inventory management system:
Obtain the inventory file, interpret inventory
information, and support the GUI display,
modification, export, and import of the BTS
inventory information.

M2000
BSC
BTS
Query Return results
Synchronization Uploading files


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1.8.7 GBFD-116501 Man Machine Language (MML)
Availability
Summary
The BSS supports NE operation and maintenance through MML commands.
Benefits
MML stands for man machine language. In the daily operation and maintenance, compared
with GUI, MML is more effective and supports the scripts. This feature provides the
following benefits:
Supporting the maintenance of the BSS through MML commands
Maintaining one or more NEs through MML scripts
Description
The BSS supports NE operation and maintenance by running MML commands on the M2000
or LMT. Compared with GUI, MML is more effective. You can configure and maintain
multiple NEs by running MML scripts or performing multiple operations on one NE. MML
improves maintenance efficiency, reduces improper manual operations, and greatly reduces
O&M cost of operators.
The MML command supports the following operation modes:
Entering MML commands and parameters directly.
Entering MML commands and parameters through the GUI.
Providing the MML batch processing function. Many MML commands are written in
a file. The LMT reads the MML commands in the file and executes these commands
automatically.
Instant and timed batch processing.
Recording the MML commands and saving the results of the execution of the MML
commands automatically.
Recording operations in the operation logs.
MML pre-activation.
The MML command supports the following operations:
Configuring data, including the BTS data using the MML commands.
Performing alarm maintenance functions such as browsing, querying, and manually
recovering alarms, configuring environment alarms, and shielding alarms using MML
commands.


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Maintaining BSC devices, transmission devices, signaling links, and interfaces. That
is, using the MML commands, you can maintain the BSC and transmission devices,
such as status query and board switchover.
Maintaining BTS boards and TRXs.
Collecting data files (including logs, performance files, and alarm files) to the LMT.
Performing security management functions such as adding, deleting, and modifying
user information, managing rights of the users, and querying operation logs.
Performing software management functions such as upgrading the BSC software,
BTS software, patches, and maintaining the BIOS and license.
Performing other functions such as setting time and DST.

1.8.8 MRFD-210301 Configuration Management
Availability
Summary
This feature provides operators with the method for collecting and managing the information
about NEs (BSC and BTS). It can control the links between the NEs. The graphic user
interface (GUI) makes it easy for configuration management.
Benefits
This feature provides a descriptive overview of the current status of the network and supports
fast installation, capacity expansion, and data configuration of the network.
Description
This feature provides operators with the method for collecting and managing the information
about NEs (BSC and BTS). It can control the links between the NEs. The graphic user
interface (GUI) makes it easy to for configuration management.
The NE configuration can be classified into five levels:
1. Initial configuration
Design the initial configuration of the BSC and BTS.
2. Basic site configuration
Configuration of the O&M communication between the BSC, BTS, and the M2000
3. External site hardware configuration on the BTS side
Configuration of and antennas


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4. BTS configuration and site-specific configuration on the BTS side
Data configuration of the A/Iu interface, Abis/Iub interface, Iur-g/Iur interface, and the
transport network
5. Cell/TRX configuration on the BSC side
Data configuration of cells, channels, and neighboring cells
Configuration from level 1 to level 3 can be implemented either with the GUI of the
configuration tool or with the pre-defined configuration files on the LMT. Configuration of
level 4 and level 5 can be implemented either through the M2000 or through the configuration
tool.
Online/Offline data configuration and status query
The configuration data is not sent to the host until it takes effect. This improves the
efficiency of configuring a large quantity of data. The BSC supports offline
configuration based on host subracks. Therefore, the services are not interrupted during
capacity expansion.
During the switchover of the IP interface board and the ATM/TDM interface board,
offline configuration supports the modification of the interface board type and the
switchover of the active/standby boards.
Online data configuration enables the data to be sent to the host immediately after the
configuration. There is no need to reset the system or reload the data.
X.731 defines the object status. The operators can query the object status such as the
board status or cell status and the time of the latest status change.
Configuration right control
With the configuration right control, data can be configured only on the LMT of the
BSC/BTS or the M2000 client. In addition, the operators always have the configuration
right. This improves the reliability of the system.
Configuration rollback on the BSC side
When the equipment or network malfunctions due to improper data modification,
operators can perform the rollback operation to restore the system in a short time.
BSC data backup
Two OMUs work in active/standby mode. The system synchronizes the data on the
standby OMU with that on the active OMU.
The BSC supports automatic backup and manual backup. It provides a data backup and
restoration tool.
Setting of network parameters
The radio network parameters are of two types: BSC-oriented parameters and
cell-oriented parameters, which are used in different radio conditions. The BSC can
check the integrity and consistency of configuration data such as the data of a cell.
Detection of missing neighboring cell
Based on the measurement information from the user equipment (UE), the neighboring
cells missed for configuration can be detected and reported. This helps the operators


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optimize the configuration of neighboring cells and thus improves the network planning
efficiency.
Web LMT: The operation and maintenance GUI of the BSC uses the Web LMT based on the
browser/server mode. The configuration GUI uses the CME. The MML client is incorporated in
the Web LMT and thus the configuration and maintenance for the BSC can be carried out
through the MML commands. After the Web LMT is used, there is no need to install the LMT
software on the local PC. The configuration and maintenance for the BSC can be carried out
through the Web browser. In addition, the upgrade of the software on the local PC is not
required when the BSC software is upgraded, and thus the operation efficiency is significantly
improved.
1.8.9 MRFD-210304 Faulty Management
Availability
Summary
This feature involves various fault management functions such as system auto test, fault
detection, ans fault monitoring. This enables the operators to learn about the network fault
timely and take proper measures to avoid service interruption.
Benefits
Enables the automatic monitoring of the network equipment.
Enables the operators to learn about the actual state of the network timely and
comprehensively by querying the active alarm list and alarm log.
Facilitates the manual board test, with which the operators can identify the faulty board
timely.
Description
The fault management involves system auto test, fault detection, fault monitoring, and fault
rectification. This enables the operators to learn about the network fault timely and take
proper measures to avoid service interruption.
The automatic hardware test of the system is performed during the startup of the BSC or BTS.
When the BSC or BTS is in operation, the system status monitoring can also be started
manually if required.
Fault detection
This involves the fault detection of the physical layer, transmission link layer, and others.
The fault detection can be started manually. Operators can either browse the monitoring
result online or save the monitoring result as files.


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Alarm management
Operators can browse the real-time alarm information, query the history alarm
information, and save the alarm information as required. The online help provides
detailed methods for clearing alarms.
Alarm correlation processing
Based on certain built-in mechanism, the alarm correlation handling mechanism enables
the system to keep the most important alarms instead of all the related alarms when a
fault occurs. The number of alarms can be greatly reduced in this way and network
problems can be easily identified and handled. This mechanism is pre-defined and
incorporated in the NEs such as BSC and BTS. More alarm correlation processing
mechanisms can be defined by the operators on the M2000.
The operators may also filter the alarms of an object. The alarms of this object, if filtered, are
not reported.
The alarms of the access network include BSC alarm and BTS alarm.
BSC alarm
The BSC alarm system provides two types of alarm output devices: alarm console and alarm
box. The alarm box provides visual and audible alarms. The alarm console is a part of the
OMC. It provides detailed alarm information, recovery suggestion, and alarm box control.
The BSC alarm system is composed of the BAM alarm module, centralized network
management alarm database, alarm console, and alarm box. Alarm system accurately provides
the fault information detected by the BSC system to the maintenance personnel through alarm
information. The maintenance personnel can then rectify the fault accordingly.
Alarm severity
According to the severity and influence of the alarms, there are four alarm severity: critical,
major, minor, and warning. Different severity of alarms is presented in different manner, such
as color and sound.
Alarm classification
According to its subsystem and subsystem type, alarms can be classified into fault alarm and
event alarm. Clearance alarms are provided for fault alarms. Event alarm has no
corresponding clearance alarm.
According to the cause of alarms, alarms can be classified into inter-module communication
alarm, signaling subsystem alarm, clock subsystem alarm, and power supply subsystem alarm.
These alarms help the maintenance engineers quickly locate the faults. This feature also
provides alarm about software running, such as CPU overload alarm and GBAM hard disk
capacity alarm.
Alarm location and recovery suggestions
The alarm console provides detailed alarm information, including the ID of the board for
which the alarm is generated, the potential cause and possible consequence of the alarm, and
the recovery suggestion.


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Alarm box control
The alarm box control provides manual control of the alarm box. You can mute the alarm
sound or turn off the LED for the alarm box manually on the OMC alarm console. The alarms
can be printed in real time. The alarm parameters data can be configured and modified. Based
on the configuration, the BSC can automatically control where the alarms will be sent, such as
to alarm box or to OMC alarm console. This enables flexible alarm control.
Alarm query
The alarms can be queried in various conditions. You can browse the fault alarm, emergency
event alarm, or other event alarms in real time on the alarm console. You can also query the
history fault alarm, recovery alarm, and event alarm according to alarm serial number, alarm
ID, date and time of alarm, alarm module number, function number, or alarm level. The
queried history alarms can be saved.
Environment monitoring unit
Each subrack of the BSC6000 can connect to an environment monitoring unit (EMU) through
the serial ports. The EMU has four types of ports: fixed analog ports (four) used for receiving
48 V voltage, 24 V voltage, temperature, and humidity alarms; extended external analog
ports (four); fixed external Boolean ports (four) used for receiving water, smoke, infrared, and
door status alarms; and extended external Boolean ports (32).
Alarm information is stored on the M2000. BSC has buffer capability. A maximum of 300
thousand history alarm records can be stored.
BTS alarm
BTS alarms can be queried according to the site number, cell number, or TRX number
(applicable to BTS) so as to confirm the failure and clerance staes.
BTS alarms can be queried and displayed on both the alarm console at the remote end and the
Site Maintenance System at the local end.
The BTS alarm supports the input interface of the environment alarm. The environment
alarms supported by the BTS are fire, smoke, temperature, humidity, door control, and main
supply alarms. The ranges of alarms can be controlled by alarm threshold setting on the BSC.
The BTS also supports the function of clearing environment alarms to provide flexible
clearance of the alarms.
1.8.10 MRFD-210305 Security Management
Availability
Summary
This feature enhances the network security management by providing various user
authorization and management mechanisms.


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Benefits
This feature provides user authorization and management mechanism, thus enhancing the
network security management.
Description
Security management enhances the system security in terms of the following aspects:
Facilitates user management such as the management of user accounts, user rights, and
user command groups.
Supports the backup and restore of the system data.
Adopts the Windows security policies for the IP services of the BAM to protect the
system from network attacks.
Supports the installation of antivirus software such as Norton, Macfee, and Officescan.
Collects the database operation logs and auditing logs.
Reports corresponding alarms when network attacks are detected or the number of
unauthorized accesses exceeds the threshold.
Supports FTP over the Security Socket Layer (SSL).
Supports SSL for the communication between the OMC and the GBSS/RAN. This
enables the encryption of all transmitted data.
Adds authority control for the binary interface between the GBSS and the OMC.
Records the information about the operation logs for the binary interface between the
GBSS and the OMC.
1.8.11 MRFD-210309 DBS Topology Maintenance
Availability
Summary
The LMT provides the topology maintenance for the distributed base station, and thus
facilitates the maintenance operations.
Benefits
This feature provides convenient O&M functions for the distributed base station, thus reducing
the O&M expenditure of the operators.


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Description
The distributed base station supports the automatic scan of the RRU topology. The LMT
provides the topology maintenance for the distributed base station. The functions that supported
by this feature are as follows:
The networking structure of the distributed base station is displayed in a visualized way.
Different colors are used to mark the status of each BBU, RRU, and CRPI link.
The BBU or RRU can be selected directly from the displayed topology for maintenance.
Figure 1-1 GSM-R base station topology

1.8.12 MRFD-210310 BTS Software USB Download
Availability
Summary
With this feature, the user or the maintenance personnel can download and activate the BTS
software through the USB without using the laptop. Thus, the BTS can be set up easily and
quickly.
Benefits
With this feature, the software upgrade is independent of Abis transmission. Thus, the upgrade
is shortened and the BTS can be set up quickly with a low cost. In addition, the maintenance
personnel need not enter the site again because they can perform the software commissioning
remotely.


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Description
The 3900 series BTSs provide the USB port to download and activate the host software. After
the BTS hardware is installed, the system automatically upgrades the software when the USB
disk is inserted.
This feature enables the software upgrade to be performed through the USB without using a
laptop. With this feature, the software upgrade is independent of Abis transmission. Thus, the
upgrade is shortened and the BTS can be set up quickly with a low cost. After the software is
activated and the system begins to operate, the hardware fault can be detected according to the
indicator on the BBU panel so that the fault is rectified in the shortest time. In addition, the
maintenance personnel need not enter the site again because they can perform the software
commissioning remotely.

1.8.13 GBFD-116402 Maintenance Mode Alarm
Availability
Summary
This feature distinguishes the maintenance mode alarms from the ordinary alarms to avoid the
impact of the maintenance mode alarms on the ordinary alarms.
Benefits
This feature prevents sudden increase in the number of alarms during engineering operations
such as network upgrade and maintenance, thus improving the network maintenance
efficiency.
Description
With the network operation and development, the engineering operations such as network
upgrade, capacity expansion, and commissioning of the BSS system are inevitable. Therefore,
a large amount of maintenance mode alarms are generated because of the temporary state of
the engineering operations. If these alarms are not separated from the ordinary alarms, the
ordinary alarms generated by the BTS/BSC are masked. This greatly affects the operators'
normal monitoring of the network.
This feature distinguishes the maintenance mode alarms from the ordinary alarms. By setting
the engineering object before engineering operations, the EMS/NMS system can distinguish
the maintenance mode alarms from the ordinary alarms. In addition, the EMS/NMS system
can configure the receiving strategy of the maintenance mode alarms and filter out the
maintenance mode alarms, thus reducing the impact of the maintenance mode alarms on the
system load.


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This feature supports configuration of the BTS or the BSC as the engineering object. When
the BTS is configured as the engineering object, all the related device alarms, service alarms,
and transmission alarms are maintenance mode alarms. When the BSC is configured as the
engineering object, all the BSC alarms and the alarms about the BTSs managed by the BSC
are maintenance mode alarms. The duration of the maintenance mode alarm can be set. The
engineering object is restored to non-engineering object after the set duration. The alarms
generated by the non-engineering object are viewed as ordinary alarms.
1.9 Software Management
1.9.1 MRFD-210401 BSC Software Management
Availability
Summary
This feature provides functions of software installation, software upgrade, and patch
installation of the BSC. This facilitates the remote management of the BSC software.
Benefits
This feature provides functions of software installation, software upgrade, and patch
installation of the BSC, thus reducing the O&M cost for operators.
Description
The BSC supports the software management. This feature facilitates the remote management
of the BSC software. The operators can run the MML commands to:
Query the information about the software version and other information about the
running system.
Upload, download, and activate the program file, patch file, and license file, and copy
the data files and log files to the FTP server.
Use the BAM server of the BSC as the FTP server and transmit files such as program file
and patch file by using the wildcard between the FTP server and the FTP client.
Perform the remote patch upgrade of the BAM server of the BSC.
Use the BSC as the transmission medium to transmit files between the M2000 and the
BTS.
In addition, the operators can control the product software through the operation and
maintenance center (OMC), including the program, patch, license, data, and log. The OMC
can identify and match the product software version. In this way, the efficiency of product
upgrade and data downloading is improved.


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1.9.2 MRFD-210402 BTS Software Management
Availability
This feature is available from GSM-R 1.0 and RAN2.0.
Summary
This feature enables the operator to remotely manage the software installation and upgrade of
the BTS. This feature supports enhanced functions such as automatic change of the signaling
bandwidth, software downloading based on the configuration, software downloading
resumption, downloading and activation of software in batches, and hot patching.
Benefits
This feature provides efficient and accurate software installation, software upgrade, and
software version management.
Description
This feature helps the operator to remotely manage the BTS software. The operator can
perform the following operations through MML commands:
Efficient and correct installation and upgrade of the software
Check on compatibility of the software and hardware versions to ensure successful
software installation and upgrade
Version management, for example, the hardware and software version query
Automatic data conversion during the software upgrade
The process of upgrading the software of the network element is as follows:
Download the software package from the OMC M2000 to the BTS through the OMCH.
Run the software activation command on the OMC M2000 client.
The BTS automatically loads the software to the corresponding board and switches over
the active and standby directories on the BTS.
The following are the enhancement features of the BTS software management:
UBR/UBR+ is supported on the OMCH. When the traffic is heavy, the OMCH rate is
fixed at 64 kbit/s. When the traffic is light, the OMCH bandwidth is automatically
increased to increase the software downloading efficiency.
Software downloading based on the configuration can reduce 30% of the software
package and shorten the downloading time. When a board is added, the system supports
only the software downloading for the corresponding board to improve the downloading
efficiency.


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If the network recovers in 24 hours after the network breakdown, the system supports
software downloading resumption to avoid that the software is downloaded repeatedly.
A maximum of 500 BTSs can be selected to download and activate the software in
batches automatically. The default value is 50 BTSs in one batch.
Hot patching without resetting the BTS is supported to minimize the negative impact on
the traffic.
1.9.3 GBFD-111213 Remote Upgrade of the BSC&BTS Software
Availability
Summary
Remote upgrade of the BSC&BTS software involves the remote upgrade of the BSC and BTS
software.
Benefits
This feature is especially applicable to the system upgrade in the rural area. Multiple
network elements can be upgraded simultaneously without local operation, thus
improving the working efficiency of the maintenance personnel.
The upgrade of the GBSS can be remotely implemented on the M2000. As this feature
supports batch upgrade of multiple network elements, this can save the time and
workload of the maintenance personnel, and reduce the time of the service disruption
caused by the system upgrade.
The remote software upgrade can be implemented through the GUI of the M2000 for
ease of operation.
Description
Remote upgrade of the BSC&BTS software involves the remote upgrade of the BSC and BTS
software, and the automatic remote upgrade of the LMT.
Remote upgrade of the BSC software
Huawei BSS supports remote upgrade of the host software and OMU software of the
BSC through the integrated network management system (M2000). The remote upgrade
of the BSC software provides downloading, uploading, and activation of the BSC host
software and OMU software. In case the upgrade fails, this function also enables the
rollback of the BSC software version and data configuration. After the software is loaded
successfully, the system automatically loads and activates the license file. The remote
upgrade also supports the upgrade of the cold patches and hot patches.
Remote upgrade of the BTS software


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The remote upgrade of the BTS software invovles three steps: downloading the BTS
software to the BSC from the M2000, loading the BTS software to the BTS boards
through the BSC, and activating the BTS software of the BTS boards through the BSC.
After the BTS software is downloaded to the BSC through the M2000, both the one-key
upgrade and the automatic upgrade are supported. In the case of one-key upgrade, the
maintenance personnel load and activate the BTS software through the M2000. In the
case of automatic upgrade, the maintenance personnel configure the information about
the BTS software version to be upgraded and then the BSC automatically upgrades the
BTS software without manual intervention.
Automatic LMT remote upgrade
LMT is the GUI based maintenance terminal of the GBSC. The LMT version must
match the GBSC version. To simplify the maintenance, the GBSC downloads the
corresponding LMT version through the M2000 during the GBSC software upgrade. The
LMT is then installed automatically and restarted. If the LMT automatic installation fails,
the LMT is rolled back to the previous version. To avoid downloading the LMT
installation package for each upgrade, you can download the patch package and install
only the updated part.
Enhancement
None.
Dependency
None.
None.
This feature should be supported by the M2000.

1.9.4 MRFD-210403 License Management
Availability


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Summary
This feature involves the BSC license control and BTS license control.
Benefits
With this feature, the operators can purchase the license based on the network development,
thus reducing the initial cost of the network deployment.
Description
The license file is used to determine whether the optional features are available and how
many optional features are available.
The BSC and the BTS share one license file. The license files can be downloaded remotely to
the BSC. The operators can manage and query the contents in the license file through the
LMT or the M2000 client.
The characteristics of the BSC (include BTS) license management are as follows:
The BSC and BTS share one license file.
The license file is downloaded from the M2000 and is controlled and activated on the
BSC side.
The license can be used within one BSC but not between the BSCs.
New or upgraded license files can be ordered from Huawei.

1.10 GBSS Network Architecture

1.10.1 MBFD-210204 Star Topology
Availability
Summary
With this feature, each BTS is directly connected to the BSC through the transmission link.


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Benefits
Star topology is a traditional networking scheme. The network architecture is simple and the
link reliability is high. Thus, the maintenance cost is reduced.
Description
The star topology applies to especially densely populated areas. In star topology, each BTS is
directly connected to the BSC through the transmission link. The BTSs are mutually
independent. Thus, the network architecture is simple.

1.10.2 MBFD-210205 Chain Topology
Availability
Summary
With this feature, the BTSs can be connected in chain topology.
Benefits
Chain topology is a traditional networking scheme. With this feature, the timeslot switching
function of the BTS enables the timeslots of a BTS to be shared with the lower-level BTSs for
transmission. Thus, the transmission cost and investment on the timeslot switching device are
saved.
Description
The chain topology is used along the highways or railway tracks and in sparsely populated
areas. It can greatly save the transmission resources. In some cases, multiple E1 links can be
used for transmission in chain topology. The levels of BTSs in chain topology should not
exceed five.


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1.10.3 MBFD-210206 Tree Topology
Availability
Summary
With this feature, the BTSs can be connected in tree topology.
Benefits
Tree topology is a traditional networking scheme. With this feature, the timeslot switching
function of the BTS enables the timeslots of a BTS to be shared with the lower-level BTSs for
transmission. Thus, the transmission cost and investment on the timeslot switching device are
saved.
Description
The tree topology is used in the large and sparsely populated areas. The tree topology has a
lower demand for the transmission cables than the star topology. The transmission reliability,
however, is reduced and the construction and maintenance are complicated because signals
pass through many nodes. In addition, the fault in one BTS may affect the normal operation of
its lower-level BTSs. The tree topology applies to areas in which the subscriber distribution is
complicated. In addition, capacity expansion is difficult because it may involve big
modification of the network architecture.
In tree topology, the BTS obtains the clock signals by locking to the upper-level network.
Each phase-lock can decrease the quality of the clock signals. Therefore, the levels of BTSs
must not exceed five.


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1.10.4 GBFD-118801 BSC Cabinet/Subrack Sharing
Availability
Summary
Based on the Platform of Advanced Radio Controller (PARC), BSC cabinet/subrack sharing
enables the BSC, TC, PCU, and MGW to share one cabinet.
Benefits
Currently, operators become more and more concerned about the cost, so the reduction of
equipment construction and maintenance costs becomes increasingly important. This feature
enables operators to reduce the cost from the following aspects and to realize smooth
evolution from 2G network to 3G network.
The shared-cabinet technique helps to achieve network integration, save the equipment
floor space, and reduce the O&M cost.
Multiple equipment that share one cabinet can unify the maintenance for 2G and 3G
networks, the access and core networks. Then, the O&M cost is reduced.
Description
Cabinet sharing among the BSC, TC, and MGW: Huawei BSC allows the BSC, TC, and
MGW to share one cabinet for reducing space and cost. Huawei softswitch products include
the MSC server (MSS) and MGW. The MSC server is responsible for call control and
signaling, and the MGW is responsible for switching and service bearing.
The equipment can be deployed in a distributed way: The MSC server is deployed in the
center of a big city and the MGW is deployed in a place close to the access network. With this
optimized networking configuration, the calling party and called party are controlled by the


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same MGW and the voice data is only switched in the MGW instead of the MSC server, thus
saving transmission resources
1.10.5 GBFD-118621 Connection Inter BSC over IP
Availability
Summary
This feature provides an IP-based connection between BSCs for information exchange.
Benefits
Provides a direct transmission path between BSCs.
Provides a direct channel to exchange information between BSCs and enables the
inter-BSC soft-synchronized network and IBCA functions.
Description
The IP-based inter-BSC connection enables operators to use the IP network to connect the
BSCs so that the BSCs can communicate with each other directly. This feature is applicable to
the scenarios of inter-BSC information exchange. For example, when the inter-BSC
soft-synchronized network or the IBCA is enabled, this feature is required. The inter-BSC
connection supports only the inter-BSC signaling switching. The CS or PS is not supported.
The BSC must be configured with the IP interface board. Huawei IP interface boards support
FE and GE interfaces, which support the IPv4 protocol. The BSCs in the same equipment
room may be connected through layer 2 switches. The BSCs in different equipment rooms
may be connected through layer 3 switches. The interconnection method depends on the local
network planning of the BSC.

1.11 System Reliability
1.11.1 GBFD-111701 Board Switchover
Availability


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Summary
In daily operations, the active board takes charge of the normal operation of the services and
the standby one performs real-time backup for the active board. When the active board is
faulty, the services are switched to the standby board for continuous operation of the system.
Benefits
The reliability of the BSS and the MTBF of the system is greatly improved, and the service
disruptions caused by the faults of a board are reduced.
Description
To guarantee the reliable operation of the system, Huawei GBSS provides redundancy
solutions for all the boards (except for the boards designed for the resource pool), that is, the
boards are classified into the active board and the standby board. The active board processes
services while the standby board performs real-time backup for the active one. When the
active board is faulty or needs to be replaced, the services can be switched over to the standby
board. In this way, the system can work continuously.
There are two kinds of switchovers. One is automatic switchover. That is, the services are
automatically switched over from the active board to the standby board. Another one is
manual switchover. That is, the maintenance personnel perform the board switchover on the
LMT. The maintenance personnel send an immediate switchover command to the system, and
a specially designed maintenance module instructs relevant boards to perform switchover.
To perform the active/standby switchover successfully, the following conditions must be met:
The standby board must be in position and work normally. No major or critical alarm is
reported. When the standby board is switched over to the active one, the original active board
will reset automatically. If this board starts normally, it will be the standby one. In this way,
the boards are kept in backup status.
The boards that support the board switchover include the GOMU, GGCU, GSCU, GTNU,
GXPUM, and all types of interface boards. The service processing boards such as the
GDPUX are designed in the resource pool mode.
Enhancement
None.
Dependency
None.


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None.
None.

1.11.2 GBFD-111705 Flow Control
Availability
Summary
When the system is overloaded, the system reduces the traffic of the access system or disables
some maintenance functions according to the priorities. In this way, the normal operation of
the main services in the system is ensured, and the normal traffic and load can be restored in a
relatively short time.
Benefits
This feature ensures the stable and reliable operation of the system.
Description
When the system load exceeds the processing capability due to excessive traffic volume or
other causes, the BSC initiates the flow control and takes measures for the normal provision
of important services. In this way, the system robustness is improved.
GBSS flow control involves the internal flow control and traffic flow control.
The internal flow control prevents load increase caused by O&M or restricts some supporting
functions when the traffic is relatively high. This protects the system against breakdown and
ensures the successful access of user services.
Service flow control restricts some common services to ensure the provision of key services
when the traffic exceeds certain level. In this way, the system load can be restored to the
normal state quickly. When the network sends many paging messages or many MSs access
the network at the same time, the services may not be processed in time. In this case, the
system may discard some paging messages or reject some access requests, so that the traffic
can be controlled within a defined range.
In terms of the service design, the system performs different protections on different levels to
maintain the KPIs in the normal state when the traffic is overloaded in some areas caused by
the imbalance of the service distribution. In this case, the flow control involves the RSL flow
control, flow control of the single BTS, and overload protection of the TRX.


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Through the flow control algorithms of different levels, the system automatically provides the
flow control protection after the services exceed the system specifications, and takes measures
to stabilize the system load, thus maintaining the user service within the range allowed by the
system and ensuring the robustness of the system to prevent the breakdown caused by the
overload. In addition, the system can automatically change the restriction measures according
to the decrease in the load. In this way, the system can be restored to the normal state quickly.
1.11.3 GBFD-112301 Remote EAC Maintenance
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the remote EAC maintenance.
Benefits
Improves the maintenance efficiency
Reduces the O&M cost for the operators
Description
The remote EAC maintenance feature allows the users to query data, set parameters, and run
commands on the BTS environment monitor device through the LMT.
After the EAC is configured, 32-channel Boolean value input/digital value input, 8-channel
digital value output, and 8-channel analog input are supported. The burglar alarm, temperature
alarm, humidity alarm, fire alarm, and other alarms are also supported. This feature allows the
users to query data, set parameters and execute commands on the BTS environment monitor
device through the LMT, including reset and clear the burglar alarm, set the thresholds of the
temperature and humidity, set the alarm, and query the temperature or humidity. Once
generated, the environment alarm should be reported to the central equipment room, and then
the maintenance personnel should be notified for further processing.
The EAC can be maintained remotely, thus improving the maintenance efficiency.

1.11.4 GBFD-111214 Operation & Maintenance System One-Key
Recovery
Availability


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Summary
This feature supports the quick recovery of the operating system or the configuration data.
Benefits
Reduces the complexity of the backup and recovery of the operating system or the
configuration data of the GOMU or the BAM server.
Reduces the time of the service disruption caused by the operation and maintenance.
Description
The O&M system of Huawei BSS includes the GBAM and GOMU. Both adopt the Linux
operating system. If the operating system is corrupted, you can run commands to recover the
operating system by connecting a PC that supports the boot from CD-ROM to the GOMU or
BAM server.
The CD-ROM delivered with Huawei equipment contains the initial backup of the system,
and operators can restore the BSC to the default state. In addition, operators can back up the
BSC operating system or configuration data at any time, and restore the system to the status
of the backup time.
1.11.5 GBFD-111211 Reporting the Temperature List of the BTS
Equipment Room
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the temperature monitoring switch of the BTS equipment room,
real-time query, and downloading of the temperature information log of the BTS equipment
room.
Benefits
The temperature of the BTS equipment room affects the ventilation of the BTS equipment
room and the power consumption of the air conditioner. In addition, it may cause a fire
warning.
As the operational expenditure of mobile operators increases, maintaining the functionality
and reducing the manpower of the operation and maintenance have become an effective
method of reducing the cost. This feature provides the following benefits:


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This feature not only reduces the manpower of the O&M and check, but also helps
operators monitor the temperature of the BTS equipment room. In addition, the air
conditioner can be remotely adjusted by other ways according to the actual situation. In
this way, the energy consumption can be reduced and operators achieve the aim of
becoming green operators.
This feature not only reduces the manpower, but also finds the safety problems in
advance such as the abnormal temperature change, fire, and outside damage.
Description
This feature can start and stop the detection of the temperature information of the BTS
equipment room.
The detection of the temperature information of the BTS equipment room is started or
stopped through the site maintenance terminal or LMT. Users can set the period of reporting
the temperature of the BTS equipment room. A message is displayed on the site maintenance
terminal or LMT, indicating whether the reporting of the temperature information of the BTS
equipment room is started or stopped successfully.
On the M2000 client, you can download the files of the temperature of the equipment room
from the OMU in FTP mode. In addition, you can also query the files of the temperature
information of the equipment room and save the query results on the client.

1.11.6 MRFD-210101 System Redundancy
Availability
Summary
This feature provides the reliability designs such as the active/standby mode, load sharing,
and redundancy configuration, thus improving the system reliability.
Benefits
This feature improves the system stability and thus ensures the network performance.
Description
To ensure the reliable operation of the system, reliability designs such as the active/standby
mode, load sharing, and redundancy configuration are widely used in Huawei GBSS.
In resource pool mode, the load sharing is performed among processing units in the pool. The
processing unit is not backed up. When one or multiple processing units are faulty, the
ongoing services are disrupted, and the new services requests are allocated to other normal
processing units in the resource pool.


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In active/standby mode, the active board processes services while the standby board acts as a
backup of the active one. When the active board is faulty or needs to be replaced, the services
can be switched over to the standby board. In this way, the system can work continuously.
There are two types of switchover. One is automatic switchover. That is, the services are
automatically switched over from the active board to the standby board when the active board
is faulty. The other one is manual switchover. That is, the maintenance engineer performs the
board switchover on the LMT. If the active/standby switchover is allowed, a dedicated
maintenance module instructs the relevant boards to perform the switchover after the
maintenance engineer sends an immediate switchover command to the system.
To perform the active/standby switchover successfully, the following conditions must be met:
The standby board must be in position and work normally.
No major or critical alarm is reported.
When the standby board is switched over to the active one, the previously active board will be
reset automatically. If this board restarts normally, it becomes the standby one. In this way,
the boards still work in active/standby mode.
Redundancy configuration consists of the following units: boards, transmission interfaces,
power, and fans. The software version and important data configuration file are backed up to
ensure that the system works normally even if exception occurs in the file or data.
For the BSC600, the dual-switching system of the control plane and user plane is applied. In
addition, the resource pool of control plane and user plane is designed. For the service
processing boards, the resource pool is adopted. That is, load-sharing is performed in the
resource pool. For other boards, the backup mode is adopted. That is, the boards of the same
type in two neighboring slots work in active/standby mode. The resource pool is
independently established within the GSM-R
Huawei BTS supports the board-level backup. Two boards of the same type work in
active/standby mode. When the active board is faulty, an active/standby switchover is
performed and the previously standby board works in active mode.
For the interface board, the board backup mode is adopted. Some interface boards support the
standard backup modes specified in protocols, such as MSP 1+1 or MSP 1:1.When detecting
that the board is faulty, the system re-establishes the transmission of the ongoing services on
the standby board by adopting an active/standby switchover. When detecting that the active
channel is damaged, the system enables the transmission of the ongoing services to recover on
the standby channel by adopting an active/standby switchover.

1.11.7 MRFD-210102 Operate System Security Management
Availability


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Summary
This feature provides the customized security policy and patch management for the operating
system on the OMU.
Benefits
This feature ensures system reliability and prevents the security threats and attacks on the
operating system.
Description
This feature provides the customized security policy and patch management for the operating
system on the OMU.
Customized security management of the operating system:
The customized security policy protects the operating system from being attacked and thus
enhances the security of the operating system. This feature can be applied to the Windows
2003 Server and the Linux operating system. The customize security policies are as follows:
Execution policy
You can execute one or more policies and record the execution results in log files.
Rollback policy
After executing a security policy, if you want to restore the system to the previous state or
customize the policy again, then you can restore the executed policy.
Generating backup files
You can save the current status of a policy into a file. This file can be used as a backup for
rollback.
Saving settings
You can save the current policy settings.
Exporting settings
You can export the current policy settings to another file.
Importing settings
You can import the file containing the policy settings into the system. In this way, the system
has the same settings.
Importing the configuration file of the earlier version
You can import the configuration file of the earlier version to the SetWin.
Reloading the configuration file


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The SetWin has an inherent configuration file. You can reload this configuration file to the
SetWin.
Patch management of the operating system:
Based on the type of the operating system, you can timely perform the patch compatibility
test to ensure that the patch is valid. The patch list corresponding to the operating system is
provided at least twice a year.

1.11.8 Link Aggregation
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the transmission of two combined FEs, thus improving the reliability of
FE transmission and meeting the requirements of higher data flow.
Benefits
This feature provides the method for improving the transmission reliability.
Description
Huawei GSM-R implements the link aggregation based on IEEE802.3ad, thus improving the
system reliability and providing higher bandwidth.
This feature applies to the scenario where high reliability is required, for example, on the
ports of the MBSC and the hub NodeB where links are bundled together.
Figure 1-2 Networking for Link Aggregation


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1.11.9 GBFD-117804 Intelligent Shutdown of TRX Due to PSU
Failure
Availability
Summary
If a BTS uses an AC power input and the power switch unit (PSU) is faulty, the power
amplifiers of some TRXs are shut down to reduce the power demand of the BTS to ensure the
normal operation of the BTS.
Benefits
This feature ensures that the remaining PSUs are not overloaded and prevents the BTSs being
powered off when some PSUs are faulty. Thus, the BTS can continue to work uninterrupted.
This feature can reduce the battery consumption.
This feature can avoid the deterioration of the KPIs due to the sudden power failure of the
BTS.
Description
When a BTS uses an AC power input, the PSU is needed for the AC/DC conversion. When
some PSUs are faulty, the output of the remaining PSUs cannot satisfy the power demand of
the BTS. In this case, the overcurrent protection mechanism of the PSU takes effect, which
leads to the power failure of the BTS.
In such a case, the BTS shuts down parts of the TRXs to reduce the power demand. To ensure
that the normal services are not affected, the BTS calculates the number of TRXs that need to
be shut down and then reports the number to the BSC. When the BSC receives the message
from the BTS, it stops allocating new calls to the TRXs to be shut down. When no service is
carried on the TRX to be shut down, the BTS shuts down the power amplifier of the TRX.
After the fault on the PSU is rectified, the BTS restarts the TRXs that are shut down.

1.12 Basic features
1.12.1 GBFD-110901 Adjustment of Adaptive Timing Advance
Availability


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Summary
The BTS informs the MS of the timing advance (TA) value by adopting adaptive rules so that
the communication between the BTS and the MS is synchronized.
Benefits
This feature is the basis for services between the MS and the BTS such as synchronization
and calls. The synchronization of the network can be achieved only after this feature is
enabled. Without this feature, all services cannot be properly processed.
Description
An interval of three timeslots exists between the TX signals and RX signals of the MS,
because the MS sends and receives signals with one frequency synthesizer.
After receiving the incoming signals, the MS transmits the outgoing signals at the time delay
of three timeslot plus TA value. Therefore, the TA value sent from the BTS to the MS is
essential. This ensures that the data from MSs at different distances from the BTS arrives at
the BTS in sequence, thus reducing the interference between signals. This in turn reduces the
interference in the entire network.
When the MS engaged in a call approaches the BTS or moves away from the BTS, the
information that is sent on a timeslot by the MS to the BTS overlaps with the information of
another call received on the next timeslot. In this case, interference is generated.
Therefore, when a call is ongoing, the BTS monitors the arrival of calls and sends commands
to the MS in the system information on the downlink SACCH. In the commands, the BTS
informs the MS of the time to be advanced so that the data sent by the MS can arrive at the
BTS timely. The time is referred to as TA. The TA value ranges from 0 us to 233 s
(including 0 s and 233 s). The value affects the coverage range of the cell.
With this feature, the MS TA offset maintains an accuracy of +1/-1 symbol periods.

1.12.2 GBFD-110801 Processing of Measurement Report
Availability
Summary
The measurement result in the MR is an important reference for power control and handover
decision. The MR processing mainly involves decoding the MR to obtain the measurement
result.


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Benefits
The MR includes information required by various BSS algorithms, such as the frequencies,
signal strength, and TA value. The MR is the precondition of power control and handover.
The network can provide high performance only when the MR is supported.
Description
The MR processing is used to report the measurement results and parameters to the BSC for
handover decision and power control. The MR is classified into uplink MR and downlink
MR.
Uplink MR
The uplink MR includes the measurement information on the uplink receive level and
receive quality measured on the TRX.
Downlink MR
The downlink MR includes mainly the measurement information on downlink receive
level and downlink receive quality of the serving cell, and downlink receive level of the
neighboring cell measured by the MS. The downlink measurement result is reported to
the BTS by the MS through the Measurement Report message.
The BTS periodically reports the measurement results of the uplink and downlink to the
BSC through the Measurement Report message. The interval of MR reporting is
consistent with the SACCH multi-frame cycle.
In certain situations, the BTS cannot receive the downlink measurement result from the
MS. In such cases, the Measurement Report message includes only the uplink
measurement result.
After receiving the MR, the BSC performs interpolation and filtering on the
measurement result in the uplink and downlink. Then, the BSC saves the results for
power control and handover decision.

1.12.3 GBFD-110802 Pre-processing of Measurement Report
Availability
Summary
Pre-processing of measurement report enables the BTS to perform part of the MR processing
work that the BSC is responsible for, such as interpolation and filtering performed for the
measurement result in the uplink and downlink. After processing, the BTS sends the
processed measurement result to the BSC. This reduces the processing load of the BSC.


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Benefits
This feature reduces the signaling flow on the Abis interface, and thus reducing the possibility
of transmission congestion on the Abis interface.
This feature helps reduce the CPU load of the board for signaling processing of the speech
services.
Description
This feature enables the BTS to perform part of the MR pre-processing work that BSC is
responsible for, such as interpolation and filtering. After being processed by the BTS, the
measurement result is reported to the BSC through the Pre-Processed Measurement Report
message.
This feature can be enabled or disabled through the configuration of related parameters. In
addition, the period to report the preprocessed MR is also configurable.
BTS preprocessing of the MR can reduce the signaling flow on the Abis interface and
improve the multiplexing efficiency of the signaling channel.
1.12.4 GBFD-111101 System Information Sending
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the function of setting cell system information through the BSC and
periodical sending the system information by the BTS. On receiving the system information,
the MS adjusts its settings based on the content in the system information.
Benefits
The system information is a key index used by operators to adjust the network and control the
behavior of the MS. The system information also plays an important role in network
optimization.
Proper system information mechanism is essential to a network of high quality.
Better understanding of the system information helps improve the network structure and
build high quality network.
Description
System information contains the primary radio network parameters on the Um interface. The
parameters are as follows: network identification parameters, cell selection parameters,
system control parameters, and network function parameters. Through receiving system


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information, the MS can access the network and make full use of various services provided by
the network.
Huawei BSS supports 13 system information types: 1, 2, 2bis, 2ter, 2quater, 3, 4, 5, 5bis, 5ter,
6, 7, and 13. Among them, types 1, 2, 2bis, 2ter, 2quater, 3, 4, 7, and 13 are broadcast
messages transmitted on the BCCH in idle mode. Types 5, 5bis, 5ter, and 6 are associated
messages transmitted on the SACCH in connected mode.
Among the 13 system information types, 1, 2, 2bis, 2ter, 3, 4, 5, 5bis, 5ter, and 6 are basic
system information messages. Types 7 and 13 are system information transmitted to support
the GPRS. Type 2quater is the system information transmitted to support the inter-RAT
handover and inter-RAT reselection.
System information messages are sent in two different ways: broadcast message and
associated message.
When the MS is in idle mode, it communicates with the network through the broadcast
system information. Through the broadcast system information received from the network,
the MS learns its current location and the available service types. Some parameters in the
system information can also help control the cell reselection of the MS.
When the MS is engaged in a call, it communicates with the network through the associated
system information. The network uses certain content in the associated system information to
control the transmission, power, and handover of the MS.
The broadcast system information is closely related to the channel-associated message. The
content in the broadcast system information can overlap with that in the associated message.
The content in the associated message might be inconsistent with that in the broadcast system
information, because the associated message affects only one MS, while the broadcast system
information affects all MSs in idle mode.
System information contains the following key parameters of the network:
Network identity parameter
ATT (IMSI attach-detach allowed)
CCCH CONF (common control channel configuration)
BS AG BLKS RES (number of blocks reserved for access granted)
BS PA MFRMS (paging channel multi-frames)
T3212 (Periodical location updating timer)
Cell Channel Description
Neighbor Cells Description
MBR (Multiband Report)
CELL_BAR_ACCESS
This parameter indicates whether a cell allows the access of an MS. It is a one-bit code:
Value 0 indicates that the access is allowed, and value 1 indicates that the access is not
allowed. This parameter does not influence the access of MSs that are handed over to the
cell.
PI (cell re-selection parameter indicator)


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1.12.5 GBFD-111102 Forced System Information Sending by
OMC
Availability
Summary
Huawei BSS supports the function that the system information can be sent forcibly to a
certain cell through the BSC and the system information of certain cells is updated forcibly.
Benefits
The system information is a key index used by operators to adjust the network and control the
behavior of the MS. The system information also plays an important role in network
optimization. With this feature, the network quality can be further improved as follows:
Proper system information mechanism is essential to a quality network. This feature
enables the network optimization personnel to adjust the parameters and verify the
adjustment for specific cells in real time, thus facilitating the network optimization.
When problems occur in the network, this feature helps assist the maintenance personnel
in troubleshooting.
This feature enables the operators to improve the network quality, provide better services to
MSs, and improve the user satisfaction.
Description
Through the LMT, the system information of a cell can be forcibly updated and sent. During
the network optimization, the system information on the Abis interface can be traced for
checking certain system information configuration. The parameter configuration of system
information can be obtained immediately by using the function of sending system information
forcibly.
This feature helps network optimization personnel and maintenance personnel to verify
network parameters after parameter adjustment.

1.12.6 GBFD-111901 Supporting Three-Digit MNC
Availability


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Summary
This feature supports both 3-digit and 2-digit MNCs.
Benefits
This feature meets the networking requirements of operators whose MNC is 3 digits.
Description
MNC can be configured as 3 digits or 2 digits according to the network planning.
For the countries and areas with multiple mobile networks, 2-digit MNC cannot specify all
the networks. In this case, 3-digit MNC can be adopted. The number of networks specified by
the MNC is increased from 100 to 1000.

1.12.7 GBFD-116101 Support of Daylight Saving Time
Availability
Summary
The BSS supports the daylight saving time (DST), which can be configured and queried to
meet the requirements of the countries where the daylight saving time is applied.
Benefits
In normal cases, the DST is one hour earlier than the standard time. With this feature, the
system time can be automatically changed without manual intervention according to the
specified rules.
Description
Huawei BSS can set and query the time zone and DST change rules on the M2000 or LMT.
With the DST change rules, you can select the date configuration, week configuration, or
hybrid configuration. Date configuration indicates the DST starts from or ends on a certain
date in a certain month. Week configuration indicates that the DST starts from or ends on a
certain day of a certain week in a certain month. Hybrid configuration indicates that the DST
starts from or ends on a certain day after a certain date in a certain month.


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1.12.8 GBFD-113001 SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment
Availability
Summary
This feature can dynamically adjust the number of SDCCHs according to the load of the
TCHs and SDCCHs. In this way, the effect of the initial configuration of the SDCCH on the
system is minimized and radio resources are fully utilized.
Benefits
Optimizes the usage of the TCHs and SDCCHs, and reduces the occurrence of SDCCH
congestion.
Minimizes the impact of the initial configuration of the SDCCH on the system, reduces
the requirements on the accuracy of the estimation of the SDCCH, and reduces the
workload for changing the configuration.
Reduces the call access failure caused by the congestion of the SDCCH, improves the
call access rate, and increases the operator revenue.
Description
In normal cases, the demands on the SDCCH are calculated on the basis of the traffic model.
That is, current traffic distribution and related statistics. The increase of the SMS service,
however, leads to the more demands on the SDCCH. Thus, the prediction on the demanded
SDCCHs becomes very complex.
If the number of MSs in a cell increases sharply in a short time, many MSs fail to access the
network due to no available SDCCH. In this case, the SDCCH dynamic adjustment feature
can convert the TCH into the SDCCH dynamically to enable more MSs to access the network.
The dynamic adjustment of SDCCH takes cell as unit. If the SDCCH dynamic adjustment is
allowed, the system automatically converts the TCH into the SDCCH, provided that the
following conditions are met:
The number of idle SDCCHs is lower than or equal to the threshold of the idle SDCCH.
The number of SDCCHs in a cell is lower than or equal to the maximum number of
SDCCHs in a cell.
The number of idle TCHs in a cell is higher than 4 or higher than the number of TRXs
configured in a cell. At the same time, the BSC sends the configuration command to the
BTS to convert the TCH into the SDCCH, and updates the channel table of the BSC.
When the number of SDCCHs is higher than the defined threshold after the TCH Minimum
Recovery Time, the SDCCHs are converted into the TCHs.


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Forced restoration of SDCCH: If you disable the SDCCH/TCH dynamical adjustment feature,
all the SDCCHs converted from TCH are restored to their original form (TCH).
This feature can reduce the requirement on the accuracy of the estimation of the demand on
SDCCH, and reduce the workload for changing the configuration. In addition, it can increase
the system capacity and the call access rate.
1.12.9 GBFD-112401 Cell Frequency Scan
Availability
Summary
With this feature, you can test the uplink interference on the basis of the traffic measurement
without the test device.
Benefits
The maintenance personnel can test the uplink interference without the test device. In
this way, the accuracy of the frequency configuration is improved and an overview of the
uplink interference is provided.
Operators can evaluate the electromagnetic environment without the addition of new
devices, which is an observation method of network planning and optimization.
This feature improves the maintenance efficiency and reduces the O&M cost for
operators.
Description
This feature uses the idle TCH to test uplink receive level of all the frequencies of the
specified frequency band. Engineers can use this result to select a proper operating frequency.
This feature is introduced to Huawei products for testing the interference. Because this feature
scans the uplink level, the result indicates the signal strength of the frequency in the cell.
Engineers can use the result to select a proper operating frequency.
The GBSS implements the cell frequency scanning on the basis of the traffic measurement
result. Under the condition that the call is not affected, the feature uses an idle frame in a TCH
in the cell (the TCH in the BCCH TRX is assigned preferably) to periodically scan the uplink
receive level of specified frequencies. It takes about one minute to scan 50 frequencies. A
frequency scan task can register up to 124 frequencies. It takes about three minutes to traverse
all the frequencies.
The result of the frequency scanning is the average value of the uplink receive levels scanned
from the beginning of the scan task to the end of the scan task. The uplink frequency scan


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feature is to test the interference level that affects the uplink receive quality in the radio
environment. It can measure the uplink interference of a specific frequency.
1.12.10 GBFD-111806 STP (Signaling Transport Point)
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the signaling transfer function based on the SCCP/M3UA, which
supports a maximum of 32 signaling transfer points (STP).
Benefits
With the development of mobile communications, the networking modes of the core network,
transport network, and access network are more flexible. Huawei GBSS supports this feature
to meet the requirements of the operators in terms of the networking mode. Through this
feature, more flexible networking mode can be supported. This feature provides the following
benefits:
Implements the transfer between the CN and the BSC signaling through the MGW, thus
separating the signaling plane from the user plane.
Implements different levels of the transmission security, thus ensuring the security of the
core service in an efficient way and reducing the transmission cost.
Description
Huawei GBSS supports the signaling transfer function on the A interface based on the
SCCP/M3UA. Through this feature, the BSC can be connected to the MGW through the
signaling transfer mode, thus providing more transmission networking modes.
Currently, the GBSS supports a maximum of 32 STPs.
In the case of 24-digit signaling point, the value of STP code ranges from 0x1 to 0xFFFFF1.
In the case of 14-digit signaling point, the value of STP code ranges from 0x1 to 0x03FF1.
The STP codes should be different from the codes of the existing OSP, STP, or DSP.
1.12.11 GBFD-111802 14-Digit Signaling Point Code
Availability


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Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the connection of the SS7 signaling system and the MSC. The SS7
signaling system adopts 14-digit signaling point code. The signaling point code includes three
parts: macro cell code, zone code, and signaling point code.
Benefits
The signaling point code has different code modes based on different countries and areas.
Generally, it is classified into two types: 14-digit (international) and 24-digit (national)
signaling code modes. Huawei GBSS supports both code modes. This feature provides the
following benefits:
This feature conforms to the requirements of different signaling systems, thus facilitating
the use of networking in different countries and areas.
The equipment transferred to the area using different code modes can still be used.
Description
This feature supports 14-digit international signaling point.
The code capacity of 14-digit signaling point code is 16,384 codes. 14-digit signaling point
code is classified into three parts: macro cell code, zone code, and signaling point code.
24-digit signaling point code is applied in China since 1990. It is also called uniform code or
one-layer code. This code specifies that all the signaling points of the SS7 signaling network
in China must use 24-digit signaling point code. According to the actual situation, 24-digit
signaling point code is classified into three signaling zones in terms of the structure. That is,
eight digits for codes of main signaling zone, eight digits for codes of sub-signaling zone, and
eight digits for signaling point codes.
In the signaling network, a signaling point communicates with other signaling points through
the signaling point code. The signaling point code identifies the signaling points that can
communicate with the signaling points in a signaling network.
To facilitate the management of the signaling network, the CCITT specifies in Rec. Q705 that
the international signaling network and other national signaling networks should be
independently deployed. Therefore, the signaling point codes are also independent. In Rec.
Q708, the plan of the international signaling point code is specified. In addition, the national
signaling point codes can be determined by the administrative department according to the
actual situations of each country.
Each country can adopt 14-digit signaling point code or 24-digit signaling point code as
required.


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1.12.12 MRFD-210801 Interface Message Tracing
Availability
Summary
This feature is used for interface message tracing in online/offline mode, tracing result review,
and routine equipment management.
Benefits
This feature simplifies the process of monitoring the signaling over the radio transmission
interfaces and facilitates network optimization and fault rectification.
Description
This feature is used for interface message tracing in online/offline mode and routine
equipment management.
With this feature, the GBSS can trace messages in real time, stop updating, save the tracing
messages, review the tracing result, and check the time when the message is sent. In this way,
the maintenance personnel can accurately locate and solve problems. In addition, all the
interfaces have the condition filtering function. Therefore, the maintenance personnel can
reduce the number of traced messages through condition filtering, thus improving the tracing
accuracy.
For the GBSS system:
The BSSAP, MTP2, MTP3, and SCCP messages can be traced over the A interface as
required. The BSSAP messages can be filtered according to the message types such as the
BSSMAP, paging messages, and DTAP messages. You can also select the traced messages
according to the cell.
The RSL, OML, and LAPD messages can be traced over the Abis interface. The LAPD
messages can be filtered according to the site and TRX number. The RSL messages can be
filtered according to the message type, such as the measurement report, paging, and channel
request. The OML messages can also be filtered according to the message type.
The application layer messages and the LAPD messages can be traced over the Pb interface.
The LAPD message can be selected and traced according to the timeslot number. The
application layer messages can be traced according to the site number and the message types
such as paging.


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1.12.13 MRFD-210802 User Signaling Tracing
Availability
Summary
With this feature, the signaling of an MS can be traced on the GBSS side. In a tracing window,
all the signaling of an MS in the GBSS can be traced. In addition, you can manage the tracing
task, save the messages, and review the tracing result.
Benefits
This feature facilitates the monitoring of specified MSs signaling and thus facilitates network
optimization and fault rectification.
Description
With this feature, the characteristic words of the called MS are entered on the LMT for tracing
the signaling of the calling MS. The characteristic words include IMSI, TMSI, MSISDN, and
IMEI. The host decodes the signaling of each call. If the information of the MS matches the
characteristic words of the MS to be traced, the signaling of this call is returned to the LMT
for display. This feature traces the signaling of an MS on various interfaces, saves the
messages, and reviews the tracing result. In this way, the message tracing on each interface
can be avoided, thus improving the troubleshooting efficiency and facilitating the problem
locating of an MS.
With this feature, the signaling of the specified MS is traced to evaluate the network status,
based on which operators can perform network optimization.
1.12.14 GBFD-112203 Cell Tracing
Availability
Summary
With this feature, you can trace all the signaling of multiple calls in a cell. In this way, the
maintenance personnel can locate the problem in an efficient way.
Benefits
When you handle the voice problems, especially the problems related to the signaling
procedure and performance, you need to analyze the signaling on the A or Abis interface. The
common methods are drive test (DT) or dialing test. Together with the traced data obtained by


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the signaling unit, the signaling can be analyzed. This process, however, is very complex and
expensive.
The cell tracing log facilitates to locate the network problem. You can directly trace calls in
the existing network, and thus save the cost of the DT and dialing test for locating the
problem.
Description
You can issue the cell tracing command on the M2000 to trace the calls of a specific cell. A
maximum of 16 calls in the specific cell can be traced at a time. The cell tracing feature
applies the first-in first-tracing principle. After a tracing task is started, the first accessed 16
calls in the traced cell are traced. If a call is complete, a newly accessed call is traced.
You can choose the cells to be traced on the basis of the CELLID. The GBSC supports saving
and review of the tracing log. You can also choose to trace only the signaling on the A or Abis
interface. When the message on the Abis interface is traced, you can determine whether to
trace the MR.

1.12.15 GBFD-111301 LAPD Multiplexing at Abis Interface
Availability
Summary
Each BTS has an operation and maintenance link (OML) that works at the rate of 64 kbit/s.
Each TRX has a radio signaling link (RSL) that works at the rate of 64 kbit/s. This feature
allows multiple RSLs and OMLs to be multiplexed onto one 64 kbit/s timeslot on the Abis
link in TDM transmission mode.
Benefits
Except for the timeslot 0 used for synchronization, there are 31 timeslots on one E1 link are
used for the signaling and service transmission. If the signaling compression technology is not
used, one E1 link can only carry the data and signaling of only 10 TRXs. In some areas where
the transmission resources are limited or expensive, saving transmission bandwidth is a major
concern of operators.
With the rapid development of data services, the transmission resources on the Abis interface
become more and more limited. For example, an EGPRS service with the MCS9 coding
scheme occupies four 64 kbit/s channels, and EDGE Evolution requires a higher bandwidth.
If the signaling and services are not compressed, the new services developed by operators will
consume a huge amount of transmission resources. This feature multiplexes the bandwidth
onto the signaling links and thus saves the transmission resources on the Abis interface.


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Description
In Huawei BSC, the interface board connected to the BTS supports two multiplexing modes:
16 kbit/s sub-timeslot exchange and N:1 multiplexing. These two modes are targeted at the
RSL or OML signaling channels. The TCH adopts the exclusive mode. The full-rate speech
channel is 16 kbit/s.
If full-rate channels are configured in the TRX, the BSS allows the signaling of four RSLs to
be multiplexed onto one 64 kbit/s timeslot on the E1 link. Then, the calls of multiple TRXs
can be carried on one E1 link, thus saving the transmission resources on the Abis interface. If
4:1 multiplexing mode is applied, Huawei BSS allows a maximum of 12 TRXs to be carried
on one E1 link for railway application.
If the BTSs are cascaded, they can have different multiplexing ratios. For example, three
BTSs are cascaded in S1/1/1 cell configuration. Then, the multiplexing ratio of the level 1,
level 2, and level 3 BTSs can be set to 4:1, 2:1, and 4:1 respectively.

1.12.16 GBFD-111601 BTS Power Management
Availability
Summary
BTS power management supports hierarchical power-off and voltage abnormal protection.
Benefits
This feature enhances power management and self-protection of the BTS, thus improving the
reliability of the system, prolonging the lifespan of products and serving time of the system.
With this feature, both the BTS stability and the QoS are improved. In addition, the O&M
cost for the BTS is reduced, thus increasing the revenues of operators.
Description
Huawei BTS can flexibly deal with the system load according to the actual situations, thus
prolonging the serving time of the system.
When there is no mains supply, the BTS hierarchical power-off function reduces the power
consumption and raises the duration of the storage battery. On one hand, when the mains
supply is not available, all the TCH TRXs are shut down except the BCCH TRX. This is
called soft shutdown. On the other hand, when the capacity of the storage batteries drops to
the preset value, all the TRXs are powered off automatically to protect the storage batteries.
This is called hard shutdown. The use of the automatic power-off mode is configurable.


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This feature mainly applies to the BTSs in cascading connection. When the mains power of
the upper-level BTS is powered off and the mains power of the lower-level BTS is normal,
this feature can prolong the working time of the transmission module of the upper-level BTS
to reduce the impact on the lower-level BTS.
When the working temperature is high or the temperature regulation unit does not work
properly, the TMU shuts down the power amplification of some TRXs if the temperature
exceeds the threshold in the cabinet. This prevents any negative impact on the system. If the
TRX is faulty or the VSWR exceeds the limit, to minimize the chance of total damage, the
TRX is allowed to quit the services and shut down the power, including the power of the
power amplifier. Whether this function is to be enabled and the parameters to be used can be
set. Therefore, the flexibility of the system is improved.
In this way, the power management and self-protection for the BTS are enhanced, thus the
reliability of the system is improved and the lifespan of the products is prolonged.
1.12.17 GBFD-110703 Enhanced Power Control Algorithm
Availability
Summary
Huawei enhanced power control algorithm is designed on the basis of Huawei network
optimization experiences. The enhanced power control algorithm has the following
characteristics: MR compensation, prediction filtering, dual-threshold power control
algorithm, variable step power control, adaptive power control, bad quality signal strength
upper threshold adjustment, and separate configuration for the uplink and downlink power
control steps. With all these characteristics, this feature improves the accuracy of the power
control and also ensures the stability and efficiency of the algorithm.
Benefits
Improves the effectiveness and accuracy of the power control.
Reduces the interference in the network.
Reduces the power consumption of the MS and BTS.
Increases the effective capacity of the network.
Improves the network operation quality.
Description
Power control is an important method for radio link control. The system decides whether the
transmit power of the MS and the BTS should be adjusted, based on the expected values of
the system parameters and MRs concerning uplink/downlink receive level and signal quality


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received from the BTS. Power control on the radio link is aimed at reducing the transmit
power without sacrificing the transmit quality. In this way, power control is implemented
while the quality of the radio links is maintained. When the transmit power levels of the MS
or BTS are minimized, interference to other channels is reduced.
Power control procedure
The power control procedure involves MR preprocessing, power control decision, and
power control implementation.
Key technologies
MR compensation: The level in the MR is compensated to a level corresponding to the
current transmit power. In power control decision, the power control module extracts
several receive level values and receive quality values from history MRs. These MRs
may be obtained under different transmit power. Therefore, in order to ensure the
accuracy of the receive level, the receive level values from the history MRs must be
compensated if the transmit power in these MRs changes. Filter these MRs after
interpolation and compensation so that the power control decision is more effective.
Prediction filtering: An interval exists between power control decision and power
adjustment. Thus, the MR on which the power control decision is based does not
accurately reflect the radio environment when power adjustment occurs, but misses the
latest changes of receive level and receive quality. Therefore, there is a delay for power
adjustment. Prediction filtering enables the MR on which the power control decision is
based to accurately reflect the radio environment when power adjustment occurs. Thus,
the delay for power adjustment can be minimized. The principle of prediction filtering is
that the variation of receive level and receive quality maintains continuity in a short
period of time. Sample the preceding N MRs, and perform weighted filtering, and then
predict the subsequent zero to three MRs. Generally, the interval between power control
decision and power adjustment is 3 MRs (about 1.5s). Thus, prediction filtering can
ensure the accuracy of prediction. Power control decision is implemented by filtering the
predicted MRs along with the interpolated MRs and compensated history MRs.
Dual-threshold power control algorithm: The receive level can be within the scope of the
dual-threshold. The effect of both level and quality on power control is considered. This
improves the system flexibility and prevents the oscillation.
Variable step power control: This technology helps achieve quick and accurate power
adjustment. When the level or the quality is far from the expected value, large step of the
power is adopted for power adjustment. When the level or the quality is close to the
expected value, small step of the power is adopted for power adjustment.
Adaptive power control: This technology changes the power control strategy based on
the communication environment, making the power control effective and stable. This is
reflected in the following aspects: automatically changing the maximum variable step of
the power control based on the communication environment and adopting corresponding
power control strategy based on the communication environment.
Bad quality signal strength upper threshold adjustment: When the receive quality is good,
decrease the value of upper threshold of the uplink (downlink) level to reduce the
transmit power of the MS (BTS). When the receive quality is poor, increase the value of
upper threshold of the uplink (downlink) level to improve the voice quality.


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Separate configuration for the uplink and downlink power control steps: This method
facilitates the flexible and rapid power control based on the actual situation of the
network. When the uplink (downlink) signal quality or the receive quality degrades
abruptly, the power can be adjusted upward quickly to prevent call drop.

1.13 Big Capacity BSC
1.13.1 GBFD-115201 High Speed Signaling
Availability
Summary
With this feature, N timeslots in an E1 are bound for the physical transmission of the SS7
signaling. A maximum of 2 Mbit/s E1 bandwidth (N = 31) can be used.
Benefits
This feature breaks the capacity limitation of a single signaling point using the narrowband
signaling. In addition, this feature saves the signaling point resources and reduces the
networking complexity while meeting the signaling bandwidth requirements of the high
processing capacity of the BSC.
Description
With network expansion, development of new services, popularization of the short message
service and wireless intelligent network service, and increase in the traffic volume, the
signaling flow between different signaling points increases rapidly. According to the protocols
related to the SS7 signaling, a maximum of 16 signaling links are allowed between single
signaling points. If the 64 kbit/s signaling link is used, a maximum of 1 Mbit/s bandwidth can
be provided for a single signaling point in the entire system. This is far from the requirements
for the signaling link bandwidth when the BSC is in full configuration.
With this feature, the N timeslots in an E1 are bound for the physical transmission of the SS7
signaling. Therefore, the bandwidth of a signaling link is extended to N x 64 kit/s and a
maximum of 2 Mbit/s E1 bandwidth (N = 31) can be used. The high-speed signaling has the
following characteristics:
Large capacity
This feature breaks the capacity limitation of a single signaling point using the narrowband
signaling, saves the signaling point resources, and reduces the networking complexity while
meeting the signaling bandwidth requirements of the high processing capacity of the BSC.


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Flexible bandwidth configuration
The bandwidth of the high-speed signaling link is N x 64 kbit/s, where N ranges from 1 to 31.
This enables the operator to flexibly configure the physical bandwidth according to the traffic
volume of the BSC, thus reducing the transmission cost.
Low delay
The high-speed signaling link uses bound timeslots to carry the signaling data. This
effectively reduces the transmission delay over the A interface when the traffic volume is low,
thus reducing the call establishment duration to some extent.
This feature is used together with the Local Multiple Signaling Points feature to support more
flexible signaling networking mode.

1.14 Interface Features
1.14.1 GBFD-111801 Ater Interface 4:1 Multiplexing
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSC supports 4:1 multiplexing on the Ater interface. The previous PCM frame of
64 kbit/s can be converted into the TRAU frame of 16 kbit/s to save the transmission
bandwidth.
Benefits
During network deployment, the transmission cost takes up much of the investment.
Assuming that the network quality is ensured, this feature can reduce the transmission
bandwidth in the following ways:
Through the configuration of the TC subrack on the MSC side (BM/TC separated mode),
the compression multiplexing is implemented to save the transmission bandwidth and to
reduce the transmission cost.
Operators can use the same amount of transmission investment to build a more reliable
network.


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Description
Huawei GBSC supports 4:1 multiplexing on the Ater interface. That is, the four timeslots on
the E1 of the A interface can be multiplexed onto a timeslot on the Ater interface through the
Ater interface processing board.
In the telephone exchange network, the voice coding scheme is Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
and the rate is 64 kbit/s. To save the radio channel resources, the GSM system adopts the
voice coding scheme RPE-LTP or CELP and the rate is 13 kbit/s (16 kbit/s for transmission).
If the PSTN subscriber calls the GSM mobile subscriber, the voice codec is converted from
13 kbit/s codec to 64 kbit/s codec. The voice codec conversion is implemented in the TC
(TRAU) unit. Before conversion, the voices is exchanged and transmitted on the channels of
16 kbit/s in the BSC.
The Ater interface is an internal interface between the TC processing unit and the service
processing module. On the Ater interface, Huawei GBSC supports the multiplexing of four
voice channels to an E1 timeslot of 64 kbit/s. When the TC subrack is configured on the MSC
side, the remote transmission resource can be saved by 75%.
Huawei GBSC supports the configuration of the TC subrack on the BSC side or on the MSC
side to provide the flexible networking for operators.

1.14.2 GBFD-119001 Gb Interface Function
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the processing of PS services in the BSC, that is, the built-in PCU
function.
Benefits
The Gb interface is introduced to Huawei GBSS, which can support the processing of PS
services, that is, the built-in PCU function. The external PCU is not required. In this way,
the network elements are greatly integrated, the occupied space is smaller, and the
energy consumption is lower.
The processing specifications of the built-in PCU are greater than the processing
specifications of the external PCU. This helps operators to process PS services in an
efficient way.
The LMT is shared by the built-in PCU and the BSC. This reduces the O&M cost of
operators.


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Description
For GSM-R 5.0 PS services can be processed directly in the BSC, that is, the built-in PCU
function. As a basic feature, the Gb interface is introduced to support uplink and downlink NS
SDU transmission specified in the GSM specifications, load sharing, LLC PDU transmission,
packet paging, radio access capability indication, radio access capability update, radio status
indication, GPRS service suspension, recovery, Flush LL, flow control, and BSSGP Virtual
Connection (BVC) blocking or reset.

1.14.3 GBFD-111803 A Interface Circuit Management
Availability
Summary
This feature is to control the maintenance of the single circuit of the terrestrial circuits or the
whole PCM circuit group. When the TC subrack is configured on the BSC side, the circuit
management of the A interface can be performed directly.
Benefits
From the perspective of the O&M and transmission quality, the remote circuit management
enables the operators to provide the value-added services for subscribers and thus enhances
the network quality.
Huawei GBSS provides all the functions of the circuit management through the LMT, thus
facilitating the remote maintenance of the TC subrack such as the debugging and problem
locating. Compared with the independent O&M of the TC subrack, this feature improves the
efficiency of the O&M and reduces the O&M cost.
Description
Huawei GBSC supports the circuit management of the A interface, which involves the circuit
assignment, blocking, circuit group blocking, and unblocking of the A interface.
This feature provides the following functions:
Controls the maintenance of the single circuit of the terrestrial circuits or the whole PCM
circuit group.
Provides the blocking or unblocking of the single circuit of the terrestrial circuits caused
by the intervention of the LMT or equipment fault.
Provides the blocking or unblocking of the circuit group of the terrestrial circuits caused
by the intervention of the LMT or equipment fault.


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Provides the message retransmission mechanism when the terrestrial circuit management
message (circuit blocking, unblocking, or reset) is sent and no response is received
within the predefined period.
Supports the uninstalled circuit function.
Circuit assignment of the A interface:
During a call or the handover, the circuits of the A interface that are specified in the MSC
signaling can be allocated and occupied. After the circuits are allocated and occupied, the
BSC sends an Assignment Complete message to the MSC.
Circuit blocking:
When the circuit on the BSS side is unavailable, the BSC should notify the MSC that the
circuit is changed to unavailable. This process uses the circuit blocking function. The message
of the A interface blocking contains the circuit identification code (CIC) used by the circuits
of the A interface. The status of the circuits on both sides of the A interface keeps consistent
during the implementation of the circuit blocking function.
Circuit unblocking:
When the fault of the BSC is rectified or the circuit status is available, the BSC should notify
the MSC of the change in the circuit status. The message of the A interface unblocking
contains a circuit of the A interface, which is identified by the CIC.
Circuit group blocking:
When several circuits of the A interface need to be blocked, the command to block the circuit
group is used. The command includes multiple A interface circuits, which are identified by the
CICs.
Circuit group unblocking:
When several circuits of the A interface need to be unblocked, the command to unblock the
circuit group is used. The command includes multiple A interface circuits, which are
identified by the CICs.
Uninstalled circuit:
During the circuit blocking, unblocking, reset, assignment, incoming BSC handover, or BSC
reset procedure, if the specified circuit does not exist, the BSC sends an uninstalled circuit
message to the MSC.
Circuit reset:
When the local fault occurs on the system, use this function to restore the circuit status
information of the BSC or MSC (for example, abnormal SCCP connection release). If a
circuit becomes idle after abnormal SCCP connection release, the BSC notifies the MSC of its
status.


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1.14.4 GBFD-111804 A Interface Protocol Process
Availability
Summary
Huawei BSS supports the A interface-based signaling and protocol processing, which is a
basic signaling function specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
Huawei BSS supports the A interface-based signaling and protocol processing, which
conform to the international protocol. With this feature, Huawei BSS can be interconnected
with the CN of other vendors that complies with the GSM specifications. In addition,
operators can perform the evaluation and bidding in an efficient way, thus preventing
monopoly and reducing the operation cost.
Description
Huawei BSS implements the A interface-based signaling and protocol process, which
supports the following functions:
Connectionless and connection-oriented SCCP services
RR layer connection, MM layer connection and message sending
Transparent transmission of the DTAP message on the A interface
Incoming/outgoing handover
Internal handover
Handover candidate query
Paging procedure
Flow control
Traffic access control
Classmark update
Connection release
Encryption mode control process
MS message initialization
Data link control
Message check
Circuit group
Processing of abnormal SCCP connection
Queuing


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1.14.5 GBFD-111805 A Interface Occupation Rate Monitoring
Availability
Summary
This feature is to monitor the real-time status and usage of the circuits on the A interface and
TC resources through performance measurement.
Benefits
A interface occupation rate monitoring is an important feature for ensuring the network
quality. This feature provides the following benefits for the operators:
Learn the usage of the circuit resources of the A interface in time, thus providing a basis
for the system capacity expansion.
Know about the distribution status of the circuit resources of the A interface in time.
Coordinate the configuration of transmission resources among different networks. Add,
reduce, and re-allocate the transmission resources on the basis of the usage of resources,
thus reducing the network operation cost.
Find the defects of the network planning, thus improving the principles and methods of
the existing network planning.
Description
This feature is to monitor the usage of the circuits on the A interface and TC resources
through performance measurement of the BSC.
The reports on the occupation rate of the circuit on the A interface and TC resources make the
operators know better about the usage of present resources.
When the circuit occupation rate exceeds the preset threshold, the system will automatically
report an alarm, reminding the user of expanding the capacity of the A interface according to
the actual situation.
The operators add or reduce the circuit resources of the A interface based on the usage of the
circuit resources of the A interface, thus providing better services for subscribers.


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1.15 PS Services Features
1.15.1 GBFD-119101 Packet Channel Combination Type
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the packet channel combination type specified in the GSM
specifications.
Benefits
This feature supports the packet channel combination type specified in the GSM
specifications.
According to the actual situation, operators determine whether to activate the PBCCH.
Then, adjust the rate of the PDTCH in a flexible way to perform the network planning
properly.
Description
According to 3GPP TS 43.064, the packet channel is classified into the following types:
Packet Broadcast Control Channel (PBCCH)
The PBCCH is used only on the downlink. It broadcasts specific system information. If
the PBCCH is not available, the BCCH takes the roles of system information
broadcasting.
Packet Common Control Channel (PCCCH)
The PCCCH is the logical channel of common control signaling of the packet data. It is
classified into the following channel types: PRACH, PPCH, and PAGCH.
Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH):
It is used only on the uplink. The MS requests to allocate the PDTCH on this channel.
Packet Paging Channel (PPCH):
It is used only on the downlink. The BSS pages the MS through the PPCH. The paging
group functionality is applied to the PPCH, and the DRX is also supported. The PPCH
can be used for paging in CS services as well as in PS services. However, the paging in
CS services is applicable to only Class A MS and Class B MS. When the MS is operating
in packet transmission mode, the PACCH can be used to page the MS that performs the
CS services.
Packet Access Grant Channel (PAGCH):


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It is used only on the downlink. Before the MS starts packet transmission, the PAGCH
transmits the allocated resources to the MS, thus enabling the packet transmission. In
addition, when the MS is operating in packet transmission mode, the PACCCH can be
used to transmit the allocated resources to the MS on the downlink.
Packet Data Traffic Channel (PDTCH):
It is used for the data transfer in PS mode. In multislot mode, an MS can use multiple
PDTCHs to transfer data.
Packet Dedicated Control Channel (PDCCH): It is classified into the PTCCH and the
PACCH.
Packet Timing Advance Control Channel (PTCCH)
It is used to control the timing advance of the MS.
Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH)
It is used to transfer the signaling information. The signaling information consists of the
verification and the power control information. The PACCH also carries the information
about resource allocation and re-allocation, thus enabling the capacity allocation of the
PDTCHs or the addition of PACCHs in future. A PACCH can be allocated to one or
multiple PDTCHs of an MS.
This feature supports the following channel combination:
Combined PDTCH: PDTCH+PACCH+PTCCH

1.15.2 GBFD-119102 Packet System Information
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the message types of the packet system information specified in the
GSM specifications.
Benefits
This feature supports the message types of the packet system information specified in the
GSM specifications and provides the packet access service.
Operators adjust the configuration parameters related to the packet system information in
a flexible way to control the operation of the network and the MS. For example, the
network operation mode enabled by the BSC and the access pulse type of the MS.


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Description
Packet System Information (PSI) contains the primary radio network parameters of the Um
interface such as network identification parameters, cell selection parameters, system control
parameters, and network function parameters. The reception of the system information
enables the MS to select and access the network properly and to fully utilize multiple services
provided by the network.
The messages of the packet system information are transmitted on the BCCH or the SACCH.
The GPRS service support indication is carried in SI3, SI4, SI7 or SI8, and the parameters
related to the GPRS services are carried in SI13. The DTM support information is carried in
SI6.
SI13 is broadcasted on the BCCH provided that the cell supports GPRS services. The
configuration of the PBCCH is optional for a cell. SI13 is received by the MS, indicating
whether the PBCCH is configured in a cell. The PBCCH mainly broadcasts the messages of
the GPRS packet system information.
Messages of the packet system information are PSI1, PSI2, PSI3, PSI3bis, and PSI13.
PSI1: Mainly contains the information about the cell selection, PRACH control, control
channel, and power control parameter.
PSI2: Mainly contains the information such as the reference frequency list, cell allocation
table, GPRS mobile allocation table, and PCCCH description.
PSI3: Mainly contains the information about the BCCH allocation list of the neighboring cell
and cell selection parameters of the serving cell and non-serving cell. PSI3bis: Mainly
contains the information about the BCCH allocation list of the neighboring cell and cell
selection parameters of the non-serving cell.
PSI13: Like SI13 broadcasted on the BCCH, this message mainly contains the access-related
information associated with the GPRS cells.
PSI1PSI3: These messages can be broadcasted on the PBCCH or the PACCH. PSI13 can be
broadcasted only on the PACCH.
If the PBCCH is available in a cell, then the PSI13 is not broadcasted on the PACCH. In the
case of the MS in the transmission state, PSI1 is periodically broadcasted on the PACCH. If
the PBCCH is not available in a cell, then only PSI13 is periodically broadcasted on the
PACCH.
Huawei BSS allows the transmission of all GPRS-related system information, thus enabling
the controlling retransmission, high-speed retransmission, and low-speed retransmission of
the system information. In addition, Huawei BSS controls the transmission of the system
information on the PACCH based on the actual configuration of the PBCCH or the PCCCH in
a cell.


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1.15.3 GBFD-119103 MS Types
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the MS types specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
This feature is a basic feature for operators to use the built-in PCU to perform PS
services.
This feature supports different types of the MSs specified in the GSM specifications to
perform PS services.
Description
Huawei BSC supports the following MS types:
Class A MS:
The class A MS supports simultaneous attach of GPRS and IMSI, and the MS supports
simultaneous operation of GPRS and CS services.
Class B MS:
The class B MS supports simultaneous attach of GPRS and IMSI, but the MS can operate
only one service at a time.
Class C MS:
The class C MS can access only the GSM or GPRS network at a certain time. If the MS
supports both PS and CS services, the services can be only switched over manually and
cannot be implemented simultaneously.

1.15.4 GBFD-119104 MAC Mode
Availability


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Summary
This feature supports the MAC mode specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports the MAC mode specified in the GSM specifications. After the MS
accesses the network, the USF is scheduled to ensure that the PS services of the MS are
processed continuously and multiple MSs can be multiplexed on a PDCH.
Description
Huawei GBSS supports two MAC modes: dynamic allocation and extended dynamic
allocation. This feature supports dynamic allocation.
Dynamic allocation
The MS in the ready state obtains the USF information by decoding RLC/MAC headers,
and then determines whether an uplink radio block or a group of uplink radio blocks are
used to transmit data on the PDCH during the period of transmitting the next block. In
this way, the BSS can control the uplink access of multiple MSs on a timeslot.

1.15.5 GBFD-119105 RLC Mode
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the RLC mode specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature determines the RLC mode and establishes PS services based on the
information contained in the uplink packet resource request sent by the MS or LLC PDU
sent by the CN.


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Description
Two RLC modes are supported: RLC acknowledged mode and RLC unacknowledged mode.
The RLC mode of the uplink TBF is dependent on the type of the service requested by the MS;
the RLC mode of the downlink TBF, however, is dependent on the RLC mode of the QoS
parameters contained in the downlink LLC PDU.
RLC acknowledged mode: In this mode, the receiver acknowledges the received RLC data
blocks, and each data block transmitted on the TBF should be acknowledged; otherwise, the
sender shall resend the lost blocks. Each data block transmitted on the TBF should be
acknowledged until the transmission of all the data is complete and acknowledged. In this
case, the TBF can be released. This mechanism ensures the transmission reliability of the
RLC data blocks.
RLC unacknowledged mode: In this mode, the receiving party acknowledges the received
RLC data blocks as in RLC acknowledged mode. The data block, however, does not require
the acknowledgment from the sending party. The lost data or erroneously transmitted data are
replaced by filling bits. After the data transmission is complete, the TBF can be released.

1.15.6 GBFD-119106 Coding Scheme
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the GPRS CS coding schemes specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports GPRS CS-1 and CS-2 specified in the GSM specifications.
Description
According to the GSM specifications, the GPRS can use four coding schemes, namely, CS-1,
CS-2, CS-3, and CS-4. CS-1 and CS-2 have a data rate of 9.05 kbit/s and 13.4 kbit/s
(containing the header of the RLC block). This ensures 100% and 90% cell coverage, thus
meeting the co-channel interference requirement of C/I = 9 dB.
The requirements for the radio transmission quality vary with the transmission rate of the
coding schemes. The higher the transmission rate, the higher the requirements for the radio


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transmission quality. The half-rate and 1/3 rate bits in the RLC blocks of CS-1 and CS-2 are
used for the forward error correction (FEC). Thus, the C/I requirement is reduced.
During the data transmission, the BSC dynamically adjusts the channel coding or decoding
mode according to the retransmission rate of the RLC blocks transmitted on the uplink or
downlink TBF. This improves the transmission rate on the basis of guaranteed transmission
quality, thus fully utilizing the radio resources.
This feature supports CS-1, CS-2, and dynamic adjustment between CS-1 and CS-2.

1.15.7 GBFD-119107 Networking Control Mode
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the network control mode specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports the network control mode specified in the GSM specifications.
Operators can adjust the network control mode according to the different cell reselection
policies.
Description
The following describes three network control modes in cell reselection concerning the
relations between the MS, network, and MR.
NC0: In this mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection without sending the MR to
the network.
NC1: In this mode, the MS performs autonomous cell reselection and sends the MR to the
network.
NC2: In this mode, the network controls the cell reselection and the MS sends the MR to the
network. In this case, the MS does not perform autonomous cell reselection.
This feature supports both NC0 and NC1.


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1.15.8 GBFD-119108 Network Operation Mode Support
Availability
Summary
This feature supports Network Operation Mode II and Network Operation Mode III specified
in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports Network Operation Mode II and Network Operation Mode III
specified in the GSM specifications. In this way, operators can adjust the network
operation mode according to different networking modes and paging policies.
Description
The GSM specifications define three network operation modes according to the paging mode
adopted for CS and GPRS services: Network Operation Mode I, Network Operation Mode II,
and Network Operation Mode III.
Network Operation Mode I:
The BSS sends the CS paging message and the PS paging message to the GPRS-attached MS
on the PCH of the CCCH or the PPCH of the PCCCH. In this case, the MS listens to only the
PCH or the PPCH. If the PDCH is allocated to the MS, then the BSS sends a CS paging
message to the MS on this channel provided that the Gs interface is used and the paging
coordination function is enabled.
Network Operation Mode II:
The BSS sends the CS paging message and the PS paging message to the GPRS-attached MS
on the PCH of the CCCH. In this case, the MS listens to only the PCH of the CCCH and the
paging coordination function is not required.
Network Operation Mode III:
The BSS sends a CS paging message to the GPRS-attached MS on the PCH of the CCCH. If a
PPCH is configured in a cell, the PS paging message is sent on this channel. Otherwise, the
PS paging message is sent on the PCH of the CCCH. If a PPCH is configured in a cell, the
MS should listen to the CS paging channel and PS paging channel simultaneously. In this case,
the paging coordination function is not required.


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Network
Operation Mode
CS Paging
Message
GPRS Paging
Message
Paging
Coordination

PPCH PPCH Required
PCH PCH
PACCH Not used

PCH PCH Not required

PCH PPCH Not required
PCH PCH

The network operation mode is sent to the MS through the system information. In addition,
the network operation modes should be consistent in a routing area (RA).

1.15.9 GBFD-119109 QoS (Best Effort)
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the quality of service (QoS) (Best Effort) specified in the GSM
specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature allocates more resources to the MS, and improves the packet throughput of
the MS, thus meeting the requirements of the QoS.
Description
The Quality of Service (QoS) of the GPRS network contains the following specifications:
priority, delay level, reliability level, peak throughput level, average throughput level, and
guaranteed bit rate. Each specification can be further divided into multiple levels. These
specifications are end-to-end requirements of the entire packet data transfer. The
specifications involve the radio resources, frame relay link resources on the Gb interface or IP


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transmission resource, transmission bandwidth of the GPRS backbone network, and
processing capability of different GPRS devices.
Huawei BSC6000 allocates more resources to the MS with best effort QoS. In addition, the
BSC6000 adopts the polling scheduling mode to balance the bandwidth for multiple MSs that
are multiplexed on a packet channel.

1.15.10 GBFD-119110 Access
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the packet access specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports the packet access initiated by the MS that is specified in the GSM
specifications.
Description
The RLC/MAC layer of an MS initiates a packet access if the MS needs to transmit data. The
packet access of an MS has the following types: short access, one phase access, two phase
access, and single block access without TBF establishment.
Access type selection
If less than eight RLC blocks are transmitted, the channel request type of the MS is short
access. The number of blocks should be calculated on the basis of CS-1. If more than
eight RLC blocks are transmitted and the requested RLC mode is the acknowledged
mode, the channel request type of the MS should be one phase access or two phase
access. If the data to be sent is an MR, then the channel request type of the MS should be
single block access without TBF establishment. The following channel request types are
also defined: paging response, cell update, and mobility management. These channel
request types are generally processed in one phase access or two phase access manner.
Access procedure
Short access and one phase access: Radio resources such as TFI and USF are allocated to
the MS after the BSS receives a Packet Channel Request message.


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Two phase access: A radio block is allocated to the MS after the BSS receives a Packet
Channel Request message. The MS sends a Packet Resource Request message on the
allocated radio block to request resources. Upon reception of this message, the BSS
allocates resources such as TFI and USF to the MS. Then, the MS sends data on the
allocated resources.
The Packet Channel Request message is an 8-bit or 11-bit access burst, which carries a
small amount of information. The Packet Resource Request message, however, is an
RLC/MAC signaling packet in CS-1 coding scheme. Thus, the two phase access can
carry relatively more information (including the TLLI, multislot capability of the MS,
and radio priority). This helps allocate appropriate resources to the MS.

1.15.11 GBFD-119111 Assignment
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the packet assignment procedure specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports the PS services initiated by the network or MS.
Description
The packet assignment is a process for allocating packet radio resources to the MS and
establishing TBF. Huawei BSS supports the uplink or downlink assignment on the CCCH or
PACCH.
Uplink assignment on the CCCH:
When the MS in packet idle mode (no TBF available) initiates an uplink access, the BSS
allocates resources to the MS to establish an uplink TBF after receiving a Packet Channel
Request message (one phase access) or a Packet Resource Request (two phase access) on the
CCCH.
Uplink assignment on the PACCH:
When the MS is in downlink packet transfer mode, it sends a DOWNLINK ACK message
containing the uplink channel request to request the establishment of the TBF. Upon reception
of this message, the BSS allocates resources to the MS to establish an uplink TBF.


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Downlink assignment on the CCCH:
When the MS is in packet idle mode (no TBF available), the BSS allocates resources to the
MS on the CCCH to establish the downlink TBF after receiving an LLC PDU that is sent
from the SGSN to the MS.
Downlink assignment on the PACCH:
When the MS is in uplink packet transfer mode (uplink TBF available), the BSS allocates
resources to the MS on the PACCH to establish the downlink TBF after receiving an LLC
PDU that is sent from the SGSN to the MS.

1.15.12 GBFD-119112 PS Paging
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the GPRS PS paging procedure specified in the GSM specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports the basic GPRS PS paging procedure, which can establish a packet
call initiated by the network.
Description
When the downlink data is sent to the MS, the SGSN needs to initiate a PS paging procedure
to accurately locate the MS.
The SGSN sends a paging request message to the BSC on the Gb interface. Then, the BSC
converts this message into the Packet Paging Request message and sends it to the MS. If the
PCCCH is available in the BSC, this message is sent on the PPCH; if the PCCCH is not
available in the BSC, this message is sent on the PCH.
Upon reception of the Packet Paging Request message, the MS initiates the procedure for
establishing an uplink TBF. Then, the MS sends the paging response packet in data form to
the BSC on the Um interface and the BSC forwards it to the SGSN. After the SGSN receives
the paging response packet, the downlink data is transmitted provided that the paging
response packet is processed.
PS paging on the CCCH


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In Network Operation Mode II, the PS paging is sent on the CCCH.
In Network Operation Mode III, the PS paging is sent on the CCCH if the PCCCH is not
configured in the cell.
CS paging on the CCCH
In Network Operation Mode II or Network Operation Mode III, the CS paging is sent on
the CCCH.
This feature supports the paging in Network Operation Mode II and Network Operation Mode
III.

1.15.13 GBFD-119113 Timing Advance Update
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the timing advance (TA) update procedure specified in the GSM
specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports the basic TA update procedure to ensure that the MS can obtain the
correct TA and keep the continuity of the packet call.
The TA is a basis for the feature of the packet concentric cell handover.
Description
Huawei BSC6000 supports the continual TA update on the packet timing advanced control
channel (PTCCH). In the uplink or downlink assignment message, the BSC allocates TAI to
the MS to identify the PTCCH. The MS periodically sends a random access burst on the
specified uplink PTCCH and the BSS obtains the TA from the burst and sends it to the MS on
the downlink PTCCH.
During the initial establishment of the TA, the BSS obtains the TA from the Packet Channel
Request message sent by the MS, and sends the Packet Uplink/Downlink Assignment
message containing the TA to the MS. The MS uses this TA until the continual timing advance
update procedure is complete and a new TA is obtained.


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TA of packet downlink assignment: If no valid TA can be obtained through the downlink
assignment, the BSS sends the packet POLLING message and obtains the TA from the
random access burst that is used by the MS.

1.15.14 GBFD-119115 Power Control
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the uplink open-loop power control procedure specified in the GSM
specifications.
Benefits
services.
This feature supports the uplink open-loop power control procedure specified in the
GSM specifications.
Based on the adjustment of the parameter configuration, operators can reduce the MS
power consumption and interference in an efficient way, and thus improve the system
capacity.
Description
This feature improves the usage of frequencies, increases the system capacity, and reduces the
power consumption of the MS. Because there is no continuous bi-directional connection
during the transmission of packet data, the power control of the GPRS is more complex.
Huawei BSC6000 provides the uplink open-loop power control algorithm. The formula of the
algorithm complies with 3GPP TS 45.008.
The basic principle of the open-loop power control is to assume that the path loss in the
uplink is the same as the path loss in the downlink. Therefore, the MS can adjust the output
power based on the receive level.


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1.15.15 GBFD-119116 Uplink Flow Control
Availability
Summary
This feature is to effectively control the random access on the PRACH or the RACH by
prolonging the retransmission interval of the random accesses or prohibiting the access of the
MSs of a certain access class.
Benefits
services.
This feature ensures the capacity of the BSC and the service quality on the basis of the
reasonable flow control of the random access on the PRACH or the RACH.
Description
If excessive MSs request GPRS resources within a cell or BSC at the same time, the GPRS
resources may be insufficient and the uplink may be congested.
The uplink flow control is used to control the service requests (including the response to
paging) that are initiated by the MS, and to delay the response to these service requests. The
control of uplink service requests is implemented through the control of the number of
random access requests on the PRACH/RACH. The delay of the response to the service
requests initiated by the MS is implemented through the queue indication procedure.
Decreasing the number of random access requests on the PRACH/RACH is implemented
through prolonging the random access retransmission interval or prohibiting the access of the
MSs of a certain class. Prolonging the retransmission interval of the random access may affect
the response speed and service quality of the system but it helps improve the capacity of the
system. Therefore, it is applicable to some suitable situations. Prohibiting the MSs of a certain
access class may affect the service quality of the system.
In addition, Huawei BSC6000 handles the overload in a policy from the service perspective
and the operation perspective. For different types of overloads, there are different handling
policies.
For example, for the overload of radio resources, the system reduces the load to be processed
on the basis of priorities by performing the following steps until the overload problem is
solved:
Delay the response to the access request with low QoS or reject the access request with
low QoS.


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Release the TBF of the MS with low QoS.
Take turns to block the MSs of a certain class from accessing the network.

1.15.16 GBFD-119117 Flow Control on Gb Interface
Availability
Summary
This feature supports the procedure for the flow control on the Gb interface.
Benefits
services.
On the basis of the flow control policy of the Gb interface and the parameter
configuration, this feature prevents frequent data loss caused by the congestion on the
Gb interface or the transmission interruption caused by insufficient flow.
This feature enhances the user experience and ensures the packet throughput of the BSS.
Description
Because the physical media and transmission protocols on the Gb interface are different from
those on the Um interface, the two interfaces have different data transmission rates. The data
rate on the Gb interface is greater than that on the Um interface. In addition, the data
transmission rate in the downlink on the Um interface is subject to various factors such as the
multislot capability of the MS, radio quality, and radio channels available in the cell. In
addition, the data transmission rate is unstable. Therefore, the flow control of downlink data is
required.
When the cell status is normal, the BSC initiates the flow control procedure. The BSC reports
the bucket size and rate of the cell according to the radio packet channels in the cell. In
addition, the BSC reports the bucket size and rate of the MS according to the resource
occupation of the MS. Based on the reported parameters, the SGSN adjusts the downlink data
rates of the cell and of each MS to implement the flow control.
The bucket of a cell refers to the maximum packet data storage space that is reserved for the
cell. The bucket varies according to the number of packet channels in the cell.
The bucket of an MS refers to the maximum packet data storage space that is reserved for the
MS. The bucket varies according to the number of channels that are allocated to the MS.


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When the cell status is normal, the BSC initiates the flow control procedure. The BSC reports
the bucket size and rate of the cell according to the radio packet channels in the cell. In
addition, the BSC reports the bucket size and rate of the MS according to the resource
occupation of the MS. Based on the reported parameters, the SGSN adjusts the downlink data
rate of the cell and of each MS to implement the flow control.
The bucket rate refers to the data transmission rate. The BSC can perform data flow control in
the downlink. It periodically reports the bucket sizes and rates of the current cell and of an
MS to the SGSN and adjusts the reported parameters based on the changes in cell packet
resources and in the resource occupation of the MS.
Downlink flow control involves downlink BVC flow control and downlink MS flow control:
Downlink BVC flow control:
The BSC reports the flow control parameters such as the maximum bucket size and the
leak rate of the BVC to the SGSN.
Downlink MS flow control:
The SGSN reports flow control parameters such as the maximum bucket size and the
leak rate of the MS to the SGSN.

1.16 Network Security
1.16.1 GBFD-113523 NAT Beside OM
Availability
Summary
With this feature, the network address translation (NAT) firewall is deployed on the LMT side
and the M2000 side to maintain the network security without affecting the normal
connections between devices.
Benefits
Firewall is a basic technology to maintain the network security. The NAT firewall protects the
internal network by hiding the internal network address through the NAT technology. Thus,
the network security is enhanced. According to the actual requirements, the customer can
deploy the NAT firewall as follows:
Deploy the NAT firewall on the M2000 to prevent the attack from the network.


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Deploy the NAT firewall on the LMT so that multiple LMTs on the same network
segment are connected to the GBSC by using the same IP address, thus saving the public
network IP resources.
Description
To guarantee the network security of the GBSS system, the NAT firewall needs to be
deployed between the GBSC and the LMT or the M2000. The NAT technology converts the
IP address in the IP header to another IP address. Through the NAT firewall, the IP address
and port number in the IP packet of the network device are changed. The GBSC is
interconnected to the LMT and the M2000. When one side initiates the connection, the other
side cannot be normally connected because the new IP address and port number of the other
side are inaccessible.
M2000
LMT NAT Firewall
IP transmission
network
BSC6000
NAT Firewall

The NAT beside OM feature supports the deployment of the NAT firewall on the M2000 and
the LMT but not on the GBSC. After starting the NAT firewall, configure the GBSC as the
server and the M2000 and the LMT as the clients. Then, initiate the connections from the
M2000 and the LMT to the GBSC. In this manner, the GBSC can be connected normally
because the IP address of the GBSC is not converted through the NAT technology.
1.17 VIP Service Support
1.17.1 GBFD-110521 Guaranteed Emergency Call
Availability


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Summary
In the cells with heavy traffic, the emergency call procedure is enhanced to improve the
success rate of emergency call establishment.
Benefits
The success rate of emergency call establishment is guaranteed when the traffic in the
network is heavy.
Description
In most networks, the emergency call services specified by GSM specifications are mandatory.
Compared with a common call, an emergency call has a higher priority and faster access
capability. Thus, the access rate and success rate of call establishment of the emergency call is
guaranteed. However, in emergency situations such as an earthquake, tsunami, or flood, the
traffic in the network is heavy. Hence, the emergency call service may not be implemented
due to the lack of resources.
To avoid this circumstance, in the cells with heavy traffic, the emergency call procedure is
enhanced to improve the success rate of emergency call establishment.
To ensure that the TCH can be assigned to the MS that initiates an emergency call, the TCH is
preferentially assigned in the immediate assignment and the channel mode is modified during
service assignment. If no TCH is available in the immediate assignment, an SDCCH is
assigned to the emergency call and the channel preemption is performed. If the channel is
successfully preempted, the channel is reserved for the emergency call and then assigned to
the emergency call during service assignment. Thus, even if the traffic is heavy in the network,
the success rate of emergency call establishment can be maximized.
1.18 Emergency Communications
1.18.1 GBFD-511001 License Control for Urgency
Availability
Summary
With this feature, the license limitation is withdrawn in emergencies so that the operator can
handle the sudden increase in network capacity.


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Benefits
With this feature, the operator can temporarily withdraw the license limitation in the case of a
sudden increase in traffic volume due to natural disasters or holidays. Thus, the equipment
can be used effectively to optimum capacity.
Description
The license limitation is withdrawn through manual execution of the MML commands on the
LMT or M2000. Thus, the equipment can be used effectively to optimum capacity.
For each R version, the operation personnel have three chances to withdraw the license
limitation through the MML commands. The operation takes effect immediately after the
commands are executed. The validity period is seven days. After the three chances are used
up, a new chance can be obtained only through the software upgrade.
this feature withdraws the license limitation of the BSC and BTS because the license of the
BTS is sent by the BSC.
1.19 Antenna System Solution
1.19.1 MRFD-210601 Connection with TMA (Tower Mounted
Amplifier)
Availability
Summary
This feature provides a solution to the TMA connection. Huawei MBTS complies with the
AISG1.1 and AISG2.0 protocols.
Benefits
In the uplink coverage-limited network, the use of the TMA can improve the receiver
sensitivity, enlarge the cell radius, reduce the number of MBTSs, and save the cost.
Description
The TMA is used to amplify the uplink signals. It is an optional device for the antenna and
feeder system. The TMA can compensate the feeder loss caused by long feeders. Thus, the
uplink sensitivity is increased and the uplink coverage capability is improved.
Huawei MBTS supports the third-party TMA, including AISG TMA.


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The MBTS supplies power to and controls the TMA. Huawei MBTS can provide 10 V to 13
V output voltage to the TMA. When a major alarm related to the TMA is reported, the system
automatically sets the attenuation value of the RX channel to 0. After the alarm is cleared, the
system automatically sets the attenuation value of the RX channel to the configured value.
In the case of the AISG TMA, the RET control signal, power, and RF signal are transmitted
through the feeder cable. Thus, operation and maintenance of the AISG TMA is easy. Smart
bias tee (SBT) provides power supply to the TMA and the RET control signal to the RCU
through the feeder cable.
Huawei provides dual TMAs. Each TMA consists of two TX/RX branches, and only one
TMA is required in each sector. Each TMA includes also a supervision and alarm unit in the
low noise amplifier (LNA). The functions of both branches are the same and the function of
one pair of branches is described as follows.
The RX channel of each branch consists of two RX filters and an LNA. The LNA can be
automatically bypassed when the DC is faulty. There is a bias tee in the BTS port of the TMA.
For the SMART TMA, this bias tee is called the smart bias tee. Bias tee can separate the DC
current from the RF signals and provide power supply to the LNA and the RET control signal
to the RCU. The TX channel includes a TX filter.

Huawei MBTS supports two kinds of TMA with the gain of 24 dB and 12 dB.


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1.19.2 MRFD-210602 Remote Electrical Tilt
Availability
Summary
The feature provides a solution to remote adjustment of the antenna tilt. The user can adjust
the remote electrical tilt (RET) antenna tilt on the M2000 or LMT.
Benefits
The RET antennas in multiple sites can be remotely adjusted, thus the efficiency of
adjusting the antenna tilt is improved and the cost of network optimization is reduced.
The adjustment of the RET antenna is not affected by the weather.
It is easy to adjust the RET antenna of a site that is difficult to reach.
Description
The tilt of the RET antenna can be adjusted remotely.
After an antenna is installed, the antenna tilt needs to be adjusted to optimize the network.
The antenna tilt can be remotely adjusted through the electrical control.
The phase shifter of the antenna can be controlled by the stepper motor outside the antenna.
You can adjust the antenna tilt when the system is powered on and monitor the tilt in real time.
Therefore, the precise remote adjustment of the antenna tilt can be achieved.
The following figure shows the operating principle of the RET antenna.


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Figure 1-3 Working principle of the RET antenna
RCU
Phase shifter
Pulling bar
Radome
Control cable
(DC+ control signals)

Remote Control Unit (RCU) is the driving motor of the phase shifter of the RET antenna. The
RCU receives and executes the control commands from the MBTS to drive the stepper motor.
A pulling bar connects the stepper motor and the phase shifter. When the stepper motor is
triggered, the pulling bar moves and then the phase of the phase shifter changes through the
gears. In this situation, the phase of each element of the array antenna changes regularly. Then,
the direction of the main beam of the antenna changes accordingly. Thus, the antenna tilt is
adjusted.
The MBTS supplies the DC power to the stepper motor and communicates with it through the
AISG interface on the motor.
In the Huawei RET solution, the RET antenna can be controlled remotely or locally through a
command sent from the M2000 or LMT.
The MBTS modulates that command to the On-Off-Keying (OOK) signals. The RF module
transfers the DC power and the OOK signals to the STMA or the SBT through the feeder
cables. The STMA or the SBT demodulates the OOK signals to RS485 signals and then sends
the RS485 signals and part of the DC power to the RCU. No additional control cable is
required.
The Huawei RET solution supports the RET cascading control. Several cascading RET
antennas can be controlled by the signals coming from the same control cable. The cascading
solution helps save the cost of the SBTs.


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Antenna
MBTS
R
C
U

SBT
Antenna

R
C
U

Sector 1
Antenna
R
C
U
Sector 2 Sector 3

The Huawei RET solution supports the 2G/3G RET cascading control. The 3G RET antennas
can be cascaded with the 2G RET antennas. At the OMC of the 2G RET antenna, you can
control the tilt of the 3G RET antenna. Meanwhile, at the OMC of the 3G RET antenna, you
can control the tilt of the 2G RET antenna. The cascading helps save the cost of SBTs and
STMAs when the 2G and 3G RET antennas are installed in the same place.


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3G/2G NodeB 2G/3G BTS
R
C
U

SBT
Dual-band Antenna
R
C
U

2G
3G

1.19.3 MRFD-210604 2-Way Antenna Receive Diversity
Availability
Summary
This feature is a technique for improving the receive performance of the uplink channels.
Benefits
This feature improves receiver sensitivity and uplink coverage, thus reducing the CAPEX.
Description
With this feature, the same signal is received by two antennas. Then the two ways of signals
on the two antennas are combined after being processed. Thus, the signal attenuation is
reduced.


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This feature enhances the RX capability of uplink channels. Huawei MBTS supports both
receive diversity and none receive diversity.
With this feature, the MBTS does not require additional devices and algorithms. Compared
with one-way none receive diversity, this feature requires twice the number of RX channels.
In typical scenarios, the receiver sensitivity can be improved by 2 to 3 dB.

1.20 Synchronization Mechanism
1.20.1 MRFD-210501 BTS Clock
Availability
This feature is available from GSM-R 1.0 .
Summary
The synchronization of the BTS clock provides the basis for the frame synchronization. The
BTS uses this feature to obtain the reference clock sources for the internal frame
synchronization. The BTS supports three clock synchronization modes: synchronization with
the Iub/Abis clock, synchronization with the BITS clock, and synchronization with GPS clock.
In addition, the BTS internal clock can work in free-run mode to temporarily provide
reference source.
Benefits
With this feature, the internal clock can be synchronized with the transmission network
without using the auxiliary equipment, thus saving the cost. In addition, the precision of the
synchronized clock meets the requirements of the radio transmission network and frequencies.
Description
In compliance with the 3GPP specifications, the frequency stability of the master clock of the
BTS must be between 0.05 ppm and +0.05 ppm. The BTS can work in multiple clock
synchronization modes to suit different clock topologies:
Synchronization with the Iub/Abis clock (default mode)
The clock source of the BTS is synchronized with the line clock sources of its
upper-level NE such as the BSC.
Synchronization with GPS
The GPS card is optional unless the BTS uses a GPS clock as its clock source.
The clock signals are processed and synchronized as follows:


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The GPS antenna and feeder system receives GPS signals at 1575.42 MHz, and then
transmits the signals to the GPS card. The system can trace up to eight (normally three or
four) satellites simultaneously. The GPS card processes the signals and transmits them to
the main clock module.
Synchronization with the BITS clock
The BTS can synchronize its clocks with the 2 MHz clock signals from an external
reference clock. The reference clock can be a BITS clock or a 2 MHz clock from the
transmission equipment.
Through phase locking and frequency dividing, the main clock module converts the
clock signals into various clock signals required by the BTS, for example, F_CLK,
CLK_4X, and BFN.
In addition to the preceding three synchronization modes, the BTS internal clock can work in
free-run mode to keep the BTS running.
The enhanced stratum 3 OCXO with a high precision works as the master clock of the BTS.
The OCXO can guarantee the normal operation of the BTS for up to 90 days.

1.20.2 MRFD-210502 BSC Clock
Availability
Summary
With this feature, five types of clock sources are supported. Each clock source supports
functions such as 1+1 backup, management of the clock source, query of the clock status, and
maintenance of the link clock.
Benefits
This feature provides various clock input schemes for operators.
The clock source backup function prevents the primary clock faults from affecting services.
Description
BSC clock provides reliable clock sources for the BSC to meet the requirements of the clock
precision defined in the 3GPP specifications. Every type of clock source supports 1+1
backup.
The BSC clock subsystem consists of the clock processing board GCUa/GCGa and the clock
processing unit in each subrack. The external reference clock signals are transmitted to the
GCUa/GCGa. After a phase lock on the GCUa/GCGa, the clock signals are changed to 8 KHz
clock signals. The signals are then transmitted to the SCUa in the same subrack through the


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backplane and to the SCUa in the EPS through clock signal cables. Then, the 8 KHz clock
signals on the SCUa are transmitted to other boards in the same subrack through the
backplane.
When the clock source is faulty, the BSC reports the related alarms and starts the 1+1 backup
scheme to ensure the normal operation of the system.
The BSC clock sources are as follows:
Building integrated timing supply system (BITS)
Line clock extracted from the A/Iu interface
Global positioning system (GPS) satellite synchronization clock
8 KHz clock provided by an external device
Local oscillator clock
The BSC provides the clock control setting functions, including management of the clock
source, query of the clock status, and maintenance of the line clock. The BSC requires only
one clock source, and the clock source can work in automatic, manual, or self-oscillation
mode.
Automatic
In automatic mode, you need not specify a clock source for the current clock. The system
automatically selects a clock source with the highest priority.
Manual
In manual mode, you need to manually specify a clock source for the current clock. The
system does not automatically switch to another clock source even if this clock source is
faulty.
Self-oscillation
The self-oscillation mode is the default clock working mode of the system
1.21 Maintainability and Testing
1.21.1 GBFD-119301 Voice Fault Diagnosis
Availability
This feature was introduced in GSM-R 5.0.
Summary
Software testing of BSC to determine whether there is one-way audio or cross-talk on the
network. Creates a log of calls on which crosstalk occurs, and provides an alarm mechanism.


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Benefits
Alarms allow operators to quickly discover problems with voice quality on the network,
and in conjunction with fault checks, assists with improving network quality.
Creating a log of calls on which crosstalk occurs, which helps with problem diagnosis
and improves efficiency in Operations and Maintenance.
Description
When there is an issue with mid-frequency one way radio or or cross talk, end user
complaints are more likely. With this type of network issue, without a clear record of the
times at which faults occurred, it can be very difficult to diagnose.
This feature automatically conducts follow-up on a single call, determines whether one-way
or cross talk has occurred. If the problem does occur, it will be recorded in the log: user ID,
cell, affected carrier frequencies and channels. This gives maintenance personnel accurate
data that they can use in problem diagnosis, without having to wait for the problem to reoccur.
This alarm mechanism associated with this feature regularly collates the one-way radio and
cross talk records for the BSC. If the frequency exceeds a certain threshold, it will make an
alarm report. There is thus no need to wait for high levels of customer complaints: it is
possible to discover network quality issues very early.
The cross talk test identifies voice coding in the following ways: FR, EFR, AMR_FR
(excluding 12.2 kbits/s), AMR-HR (excluding 6.7 kbits/s and 7.4 kbits/s). The one-way test
supports all voice coding types, but does not support tests of CSD services. Because of the
testing mechanism used, this feature can detect cross talk and one-way problems caused by
problems between the BTS and the A interface; but problems caused by errors between the
Um interface and MSC cannot be detected.
This feature is controlled with an on/off switch. When set to on, the function is effective, and
it has no obvious impact on overall BSC performance.
The cross talk tests are effective during TDM transmission; one-way tests are effective for
both TDM and IP transmission.

1.21.2 GBFD-119306 Abis Crossed Pair Diagnosis
Availability
Summary
Ability to test for crossed pairs at the connection to the Abis interface during TDM
transmission.


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Benefits
Alarm for effective early warning of crossed pair issues, reducing subsequent user complaints.
Description
Abis transmission crossed pair detection supports testing for problems with transmission to
the Abis interface. When a transmission issue arises because of a connection error, this feature
automatically detects the issue, designates the transmission as faulty, and assigns no further
services to it.
The principle behind Abis crossed pair testing is that a command link is assigned to every
physical transmission, and command negotiations can be used to determine whether the
transmission has a fault. This feature is therefore effective in detecting crossed pairs between
different physical transmissions within a single BS. It can detect most crossed pair issues
between transmissions from different BSs, but is ineffective in the following scenarios: when
the configurations of the two BSs are identical, and the crossed pair arises between
transmissions from the same port on the respective BSs. In this situation, even if there is an
error with the physical connections from each BS, because the configurations are identical,
the LAPD connections can all be established as normal.

1.21.3 GBFD-119307 Spectrum Scan
Availability
Summary
Using existing board configurations, this function enables a spectrum scan of the air interface
uplink reception band, greatly reducing reliance on spectrum analyzer and other meters, and
reducing connection failures to the very minimum.
Benefits
Spectrum analyzers are one of the key tools for identifying and diagnosing interference issues.
However, they are highly expensive and specialized pieces of equipment, and Huawei does
not keep many in inventory. This means that diagnosis of interference issues can be difficult.
This function provides both local and far end BSs with the capacity for a spectrum scan of the
uplink reception band. This is sufficient for the great majority of scenarios. In addition, when
diagnosing intermodulation interference or other interference issues, this function can obtain a
spectrum plot from the far end, for initial assessment and identification of interference issues.
It provides remote access to as much information as possible to help diagnose problems, and
reduce dropped connections.


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Description
When dealing with interference issues, in order to provide scanning functions that meet the
needs of various scenarios, Huawei provides three scanning options.
Offline channel-level broadband scan: this scan uses a single carrier timeslot to conduct a
progressive scan of the specified bandwidth. The results are displayed in the far end WebLmt
or the local SMT, and saved. To reduce the impact of the scan on the working frequencies of
the cell, the carrier with the selected time slot automatically stops transmission, and
transmission in the corresponding timeslots on other carriers in the cell (including the main B
carrier) also stops, though the corresponding timeslot on the main B carrier downlink
maintains normal transmission.
Offline carrier-level broadband scan: this scan uses all of the channels associated with a single
carrier to conduct a progressive scan of the specified bandwidth. The results are displayed in
the far end WebLmt or the local SMT, and saved. To reduce the impact of the scan on the
working frequencies of the cell, the selected carrier automatically stops transmission, and
transmission on the other carriers in the cell (excluding the main B carrier) also stops, though
the test timeslot on the main B carrier downlink maintains normal transmission. This scan is
faster than the channel-level scan, however, the impact on cell capacity is also greater.
Frequency time domain scan: this scan uses a single timeslot on a single carrier to conduct a
long, progressive scan (lasting up to 48 hours) of all of a cells working frequencies. The
results are displayed at the far end in WebLmt, and are saved. This scan allows for
observation over an extended period of the level of uplink interference across a cells working
frequencies. During the scan, only the specified timeslot stops transmission, so there is
negligible impact on the cells capacity.

1.21.4 GBFD-119308 Intermodulation Testing
Availability
Summary
Uses the properties produced by intermodulation to test the intermodulation performance of
an antenna system, both online and offline.
Benefits
During normal operation and maintenance, maintenance personnel often need to conduct
passive intermodulation (RIM) tests on individual BSs. Before the introduction of this feature,
maintenance personnel would have to initiate a Dummy Burst in each cell, and compare
interference over time in idle and full power transmission by listening to a headset. This was
an inefficient process. This feature uses MML commands directly to automatically output test


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results, so it is simple to do. The test time is short: a test of a single BS can be completed in
just a few minutes.
During the BS start up process, once installation of the antenna system is complete, it is
necessary to test and accept the antennat installation. Before this feature was available, PIM
testing required specialist intermodulation testing meters to complete. This feature reduces the
reliance on intermodulation meters as far as possible.
Description
The main factors affecting antenna systems are standing waves and intermodulation. If an
antenna systems intermodulation products fall in the reception band, they will have an impact
on uplink signals, and will affect uplink reception quality.
Huawei provides two intermodulation testing functions to support testing in different
scenarios.
Online intermodulation testing: once the function is activated, the system will automatically
conduct a fast measurement of intermodulation products falling in its uplink reception band.
Users can configure their own requirements (thresholds) for intermodulation performance,
and based on these requirements, the function determines whether there is intermodulation at
the current frequency/power configuration.
Offline intermodulation testing: functions in a similar way to an intermodulation meter.
Measures intermodulation products falling in the antenna systems reception band, and
assesses the systems actual intermodulation properties, with reference to the users own
requirements (thresholds) for intermodulation performance.

1.22 Group Call and Broadcast Service
1.22.1 BGFD-510301 Voice Group Call Service(VGCS)
Availability
Summary
The voice group call service (VGCS) adopts the half-duplex mode and provides voice
services for a group of pre-defined MSs in a pre-defined area.
Benefits
This is a basic GSM-R feature to meet the requirement of dispatching service.


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Description
The Voice Group Call Service (VGCS) adopts half-duplex mode. It allows one group member
to originate a call to other group members in a predefined service area.
The group members are also predefined, who can be a mobile service subscriber, a fixed
dispatcher or a mobile dispatcher.
With the minimum unit of a cell, a group call area is defined upon the subscription of the
VGCS. The group call area can be across BSCs, MSCs, or even extended to the entire
network. Only one group call channel can be assigned to each related cell during a call. All
the group members in the cell share the downlink channel and access the uplink channel by
pressing the PTT button.
The network side defines the group call number, group members and coverage area. The MS
who has the permission can dial the group call number to initiate a group call. All the group
members within the coverage area can be informed to join the group call. One of the group
members can press and hold PTT on the mobile phone to speak to others. There is no
limitation to the number of listeners in such a group; however, at a specific moment only one
service subscriber in the group can speak by pressing the PTT button to seize the uplink while
others are listeners.Other group members can speak by pressing PTT only after the talker
releases PTT. When the conversation is complete, the VGCS originator terminates the call by
pressing the on-hook key and then all the group members quit.
Any authorized dispatcher can be a speaker at any time during the group call, while a
maximum of five dispatchers are allowed to speak concurrently.

1.22.2 BGFD-510302 Voice Broadcast Service(VBS)
Availability
Summary
The voice broadcast service (VBS) adopts the simplex mode and provides point-to-multipoint
voice services for a group of pre-defined MSs in a pre-defined area.
Benefits
This feature is one of the basic GSM-R features to meet the requirement of service
diapatching. The originator of the VBS can speak without pressing the PTT button, it makes
the speaker comfortable.


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Description
The voice broadcast service (VBS) adopts the simplex mode and provides point-to-multipoint
voice services for a group of pre-defined MSs in a pre-defined area.
The group members are also predefined, who can be a mobile service subscriber, a fixed
dispatcher or a mobile dispatcher.
With the minimum unit of a cell, a group call area is defined upon the subscription of the
VGCS. The group call area can be across BSCs, MSCs, or even extended to the entire
network. Only one group call channel can be assigned to each related cell during a call. All
the group members in the cell share the downlink channel and the uplink channel can only be
used by the VBS originator.
The Voice Broadcast Service (VBS) is a special example of the VGCS. The VBS differs from
the VGCS in the following ways:
During the VBS, only the originator can speak and the other service subscribersexcept the
dispatcherscan only listen. During the VGCS, however, the other common mobile members
in the group can speak by pressing PTT button to seize the uplink. In both types of service,
the authorized dispatchers can speak at any time.
The originator of the VBS can speak without pressing the PTT button, while during the
VGCS any group member, even the originator, requires to press the PTT button before and
during the speaking.

1.22.3 BGFD-510320 Late Entry
Availability
Summary
This function enables a late MS with membership joins in the VGCS or VBS after the VGCS
or VBS is set up. In addition, the MS with membership in the VGCS or VBS can keep group
calls when it moves across cells.
Benefits
Late entry means that a late MS with membership may join in an ongoing VGCS or VBS.
Description
The term late indicates that the MS does not join the call when the VGCS or VBS is set up.
There are several cases as follows:
1. The called MS is switched off.


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2. The called MS is in an area with poor signal coverage.
3. The called MS is beyond the service (VGCS or VBS) area.
4. The called MS is performing other services.
During the VGCS or VBS, a notification message is periodically delivered on the Notification
Channel (NCH). If the notification message contains the description of a group call channel,
the MS joins in the VGCS or VBS after receiving the notification message. If the notification
message does not contain the description of a group call channel, the MS reports a
notification response then a group call channel is allocated by the network side. Additionally,
a notification message containing the description of a group call channel is delivered. After
receiving the notification message, the MS joins in the VGCS or VBS.

1.22.4 BGFD-510307 eMLPP
Availability
Summary
The eMLPP ensures timely service for the VGCS/VBS/point-to-point call subscribers with
high eMLPP priority by means of service/resource preemption.
Benefits
This feature allows operators to provide services on different levels, thus improving the user
satisfaction.
This feature enables operators to quickly respond to requirements during emergencies,
thereby guaranteeing the communications services, and fulfilling their social responsibility.
Description
The eMLPP feature allows the network to use different policies such as queuing, preemption,
and directed retry according to the calls with different priorities when the network resources
are seized. It is categorized into seven priorities: A, B, and 0-4.
A: highest, for network internal use
B: for network internal use
0: for subscription
1: for subscription
2: for subscription


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3: for subscription
4: lowest, for subscription
A and B are the highest priorities, which are used for the network maintenance. When
defining subscribers, operators must define the eMLPP priorities of the subscribers and the
VGCS group respectively.
The eMLPP consists of service preemption and resource preemption.
Service preemption
During a VGCS call or point-to-point call, the MS determines whether to accept the new
call (including a paging to the MS or a VGCS/VBS call) based on the priorities of these
two calls. If the MS supports service preemption, the MS determines whether to join a
call with high priority.
Resource preemption
If network resources (such as processing capability, signaling channels, and traffic channels)
are insufficient, calls with high priorities do not release network resources. In this case, new
calls with high priorities can queue or even preempt the resources seized by the calls with low
priorities.
1.22.5 BGFD-510321 Railway Emergency Call
Availability
Summary
The railway emergency call is a special group call defined in the GSM-R system with the
feature of single button origination, fast connection, and call acknowledgement.
Benefits
The function provides railway running operators a simplest and fastest way to originate a
group call in case of emergency.
Description
The railway emergency call is originated just through the press of the emergency call button
on an MS and its signaling process is similar to that of fast group call setup. It differs from the
fast group call setup function in the following ways:
1. During a railway emergency call, the listening MS cannot leave the railway emergency
call group.
2. After a railway emergency call, all the MSs are required to make an acknowledgement
for future tracing.


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1.23 Documentation
1.23.1 MRFD-210701 Documentation
Availability
Summary
The feature describes the available documentation of the products.
Benefits
With this feature, the operators can obtain the product information and can perform
maintenance operations accordingly.
Description
The customer documentation includes the following documents:
BSC documents
BTS documents
The documentation covers the hardware description, installation, commissioning, operation,
and maintenance of the BSC and BTS.
The following table describes the documents:
Document Category Description
Product Description Describes the architecture, hardware configuration,
operation and maintenance, and technical specifications
of the product.
Hardware Description Describes the hardware of NEs, such as the cabinet,
board, and cable.
Installation Guide Describes the procedures for installing the cabinet,
boards, and cables.
Initial Configuration Guide Describes how to perform the initial configuration of
NEs.
Commissioning Guide Describes how to commission the NE to ensure that the
new NE can gain access to the BSS system.
LMT User Guide Describes the GUI, functions, and operations of the
LMT.


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Site Maintenance Guide Describes the hardware maintenance items and the
component replacement procedures
Routine Maintenance Guide Describes the routine maintenance methods of the BSC
and BTS.
Reconfiguration Guide Describes the common tasks and methods of data
reconfiguration of the BSC and BTS.
Reference The reference documents are as follows:
MML command reference: describes the
information about meanings, recommended
values, and default values of the parameters of
each command.
Alarm reference: describes the information
about meanings of the alarms and how to clear
them.
Performance counter reference: describes the
information about meanings and measurement
points of each counter.

The documents have the following characteristics:
Topic-oriented: Based on the DITA technology, the information is provided under
separate topics.
Powerful advanced search: The information can be searched according to products or
data types.


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2 Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
3G 3 rd Generation Mobile Communication System
3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
8PSK 8 Phase Shift Keying
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer
AB Access Burst
AbisPC Abis interface Port Control
ACCH Associated Control CHannel
ACS Active Codec Set
AEC Acoustic Echo Cancellation
AFC Automatic Frequency Correction
AGCH Access Grant CHannel
AGT Agent
AICP A Interface Common Procedure
ALC Automatic Level Control
ALM Alarm
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
AMRFS Adaptive Multi Rate Full Speed
AMRHS Adaptive Multi Rate Half Speed
ANR Automatic Noise Restraint
APM Advanced Power Module
APN Access Point Name


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
APP Application
APS Automatic Protection Switchback
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ARQ Automatic ReQuest for retransmission
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATT Attach-Detach allowed
BA BCCH Allocation
BAM Back Administration Module
BBU Baseband Control Unit
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
BEP Bit Error Probability
BER Bit Error Rate
BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
BG Border Gateway
BIU Base station Interface Unit
BKP Backplane Board
BM Basic Module
BMACT Basic Module Active Codec Type
BMRC BM Resource Control
BOM Bill Of Materials
BQ Bad Quality
BR Backward Reporting
BSC Base Station Controller
BSCOM BSC O&M
BSIC Base Station Identity Code
BSSAP Base Station Subsystem Application Part
BSSAP+ Base Station Subsystem Application Part Plus


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
BSSGP Base Station System GPRS Protocol
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BTSCP BTS Common Processing
BTSOM BTS O&M
BTSTRC BTS Transmission Resource Control
BVC BSSGP Virtual Connection
BVCI BSSGP Virtual Connection Identifier
CACS Common Active Codec Set
CAPEX Capital expenditures
CBC Cell Broadcast Center
CBCH Cell Broadcast CHannel
CBE Cell Broadcast Entity
CBIP Cell Broadcast Interface Process
CBSC CDMA2000 BaseStation Controller
CCB Call Control Block
CCCH Common Control Channel
CCU Channel Codec Unit
CDB Cell Broadcast Database
CDU Combining and Distribution Unit
CECCM CEll CCM process
CECHM CEll Channel Management
CEGPRS Cell GPRS Processing
CELP Code-Excited LPC
CESP Cell Service Process
CGI Cell Global Identifier
CHR Call History Record
CI Cell Identify


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
CI Cell Identity
CIC Circuit Identity Code
CIU Circuit Interface Unit
CM Configuration Manage
CMI Codec Mode Indication
CMR Codec Mode Request
CPRI Common Protocol Radio Interface
CPUX xpu CPU eXtended
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRDLC Call Radio Link Control
CS Coding Scheme
CSD Circuit Switched Data
CV Countdown Value
CW Call Wait
DACS Distant Active Codec Set
DBAPI DataBase API
DBG Debug
DBMI DataBase Management Interface
DBUS Data-BUS
DCS 1800MHz Digital Cellular System 1800MHz
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Diffserv Differentiated Services
DOPRA Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Realtime Architecture
DPU Data Process Unit
DRFU Double Radio Filter Unit
DRX Discontinuous Reception
DSCP DiffServ Code Point


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
DSPC DSP for transCoder
DSPI DSP for Integrated
DSPOM DSP O&M
DSPOM_AGT DSP OM Agent
DSPP DSP for Pcu
DT Debug Terminal
DTAP Direct Transfer Application Part
DTCB Distance To Cell Board
DTM Dual Transfer Mode
DTM Dual Transfer Mode
DTMF Dual-Tone Multi-frequency
DTX Discontinuous Transmission
ECSD Enhanced Circuit Switched Data
ECT Explicit Call Transfer
EDA Extended Dynamic Allocation
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
E-GSM Extended GSM-900 Band (includes Standard GSM-900 band)
EICC Enhanced Interference Counteract Combining
EML Extended Operation and Maintenance Link
EM-layer Element Management-layer
eMLPP enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption service
EMR Enhanced Measurement Report
ES Errored Second
ESL Extend Signaling Link
ESR Errored Second Ratio


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
ETHERNET
OAM
ETHERNET OAM
ETRAU EGPRS TRAU
FACCH Fast Associated Control CHannel
FAI Final Ack Indicator
FBI Final Block Indicator
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FDR Frequency Domain Reflectometer
FE Fast Ethernet
FEC Forward Error Correction
FER Frame Erase Ratio
FER Frame Erase Ratio
FH Frequency Hopping
FIR Finite Input Response
Flex Abis Flex Abis
FM Forward Monitoring
FN Frame Number
FR Frame Relay
FR Full Rate
FR AMR Full Rate AMR
FS Full Speed
FTP FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
FTPS FTP Over SSL
FUC Frame Unit Controller
Gb Gb interface
GBSC GSM BaseStation Controller
GBSS GSM Base Station Subsystems


Page 144 of 152

Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
GDPUC GDPU for transCoder
GDPUX GDPU for eXtensible use
GE Gigabit Ethernet
GEHUB GSM E1/T1 High level Data Link Control Unit for aBis
GEIUB GSM E1/T1 Interface Unit for aBis
GEPUG GSM E1/T1 Packet Unit for Gb
GFGUA GSM FE/GE electronic interface Unit for A
GFGUB GSM FE/GE electronic interface Unit for Abis
GFGUG GSM FE/GE electronic interface Unit for Gb
GGCU GSM General Clock Unit
GGOUA GSM GE optical interface Unit for A
GGOUB GSM GE optical interface Unit for Abis
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (modulation)
GOMU GSM Operation and Maintenance Unit
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPS Global Position System
GRFU GSM Radio Frequency Unit
GRLM GPRS Radio Link Management
GRRM GPRS Radio Resource management
GSCU GSM Switching and Control Unit
GSM-R Railways Global System for Mobile Communication
GSN Gigabyte System Network
GTMU GSM Timing and Main control Unit
GTNU GSM TDM switching Network Unit
GTRAU GPRS TRAU
GTRAUE GPRS TRAU Enhancement
GTRAUIP GPRS TRAU IP transmission


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
GUI Graphical User Interface
GXPUM GSM eXtensible Processing Unit for Main service
HDLC High-Level Data Link Control
HLR Home Location Register
HMC High Multislot Classes
HR Half Rate
HR AMR Half Rate AMR
HS Half Speed
HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
HubBTS Hub Base Transceiver Station
IACS Immediate Active Codec Set
IBCA Interference Based Channel Allocation
ICB Inner Combiner bypass
ICC Interference Rejection Combining
ICMP Internet Control Messages Protocol
IDC Instance Distribution Control
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IP Internet Protocol
IR Incremental redundancy
ISI Inter-Symbol Interference
IWF Interworking Function
KPI Key Performance Index
L3IF Layer-3 Interface
LA Link adaptation
LAC Location Area Code


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
LACS Local Active Codec Set
LAI Location Area Identity
LAN Local Area Network
LAPD Link Access Protocol on D channel
LLC Logic Link Control
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
LRM Local Resource Management
M3UA MTP3 User Adaptation Layer
MA Mobile Allocation
MAC Medium Access Control
MACS Maximum number of Codes Modes in the Active Codec Set
MAIO Mobile Allocation Index Offset
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
MGW Media Gateway
MML Man-Machine Language
MNC Mobile Network Code
MOS Mean Opinion Scores
MPTY MultiParty
MR Measurement Report
MSC Main Switching Center
MSIC MS Instance Control
MSIP MS Instance Processing
MSISDN Mobile Station International ISDN Number
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTLS Mapping and Transfer between LAPD entity and Service entity
MTP2 Message Transfer Part 2


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
MTP3 Message Transfer Part 3
MTSS Mapping and Transfer between SCCP entity and Service entity
NACC Network Assisted Cell Change
NAT Network Address Translation
NCH Notification Channel
NLN Notification List Number
NM Network Management
NMS Network Management System
NRI Network Resource Identifier
NS Network Service
NSE Network Service Entity
NSEI Network Service Entity Identifier
NSS Network Subsystem
NSVC Network Service Virtual Connection
OACS Optimized Active Codec Set
OMC Operations & Maintenance Centre
OML Operation and Maintenance Link
OPEX Operating Expense
PACCH Packet Associated Control CHannel
PAGCH Packet Access Grant CHannel
PARC Platform of Advanced Radio Controller
Pb PCU-BSC interface link
PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control CHannel
PBGT Power Budget Handover
PBIP Pb Interface Processing
PBT Power Boost Technology


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
PCCCH Packet Common Control CHannel
PCH Paging CHannel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCS 1900MHz Personal Communications Service 1900MHz
PCU Packet Control Unit
PDCH Packet Data CHannel
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDTCH Packet Data Traffic CHannel
PDU Power Distribution Unit
PGC Paging Control
P-GSM Primary GSM-900 Band
PIU Packet Interface Unit
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PMU Power Management Unit
PoC Push to Talk over Cellular
PPCH Packet Paging CHannel
PQ Priority Queue
PRACH Packet Random Access CHannel
PS Packet Switch Domain
PSI Packet SI Status
PSU Power Supply Unit
PT Payload Type
PTCCH Packet Timing Advanced Control CHannel
P-TMSI Packet-Temporary Mobile Station Identity
PTP Point-To-Point
PTRAU Packet Transcoder/Rate Adaptor Unit
PTT Push-To-Talk


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
PTU Packet Transmission Unit
PVC Permanent Virtual Connection
QoS Quality of Service
QTRU Quadruple Transmission Receiver Unit
RACH Random Access CHannel
RC Resource control & Common procedure
RFC Request for Comments
RFU Radio Frequency Unit
RIM Reference Information Manager
RLC Radio Link Control
RPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excitation-Long Term Prediction
RQI Radio Quality Indicator
RR Radio Resources
RRBP Relative Reserved Block Period
RSL Radio Signaling Link
RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol
RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
RX Reception
SACCH Slow Associated Control CHannel
SAIC Single Antenna Interference Cancellation
SAPI Service Access Point Identifier
SCCP Signaling Connection Control Part
SCH Synchronization CHannel
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SCU Switch Control Unit
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SESR Severely Errored Second Ratio


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SID Silence Descriptor
SIGTRAN Signaling Transport
SMC Short Message Centre
SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center
SMS Short Message Service
SMSCB Short Message Service Cell Broadcast
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SP Service Provider
SPHY Single PHY
SSL Security Socket Layer
STP Signaling Transfer Point
TA Timing Advanced
TBF Temporary Block Flow
TC TransCoder
TCEC The TRAN Circuit Emulation Card
TCH Traffic CHannel
TCHF Traffic CHannel Full rate
TCP/IP Transfer Control Protocol /Internet Protocol
TD-SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
TEI Terminal Endpoint Identifier
TFI Temporary Block Flow Identifier
TFO Tandem Free Operation
TGPU TRAN GBTS Package Process Unit
THP Traffic handle Priority
TLLI Temporary link level identity
TLS Transport Layer Security


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Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
TMN Telecommunication Management Network
TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identifier
TMU Timing/transmission and Management Unit
TNU TDM switching Network Unit
TOP TDM Over Packet
TPEC The TRAN Packet over E1/T1 Card
TRAU Transcoder & Rate Adaptation Unit
TRAUE TRAU Enhancement
TRAUIP TRAU IP transmission
TRC Trace
TrFO Transcoder Free Operation
TRM Transport Resource Management
TRU Transmission Receiver Unit
TRX Transceiver
TSU TDM Switching network Unit
TSYN TRAU Synchronization Unit
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UOIP User traffic Data Over IP
UOP User Traffic Data Over Packet
USCU Universal Satellite card and Clock Unit
USF Uplink Status Flag
VAD Voice Activity Detector
VBS Voice Broadcast Service
VGCS Voice Group Call Service
VISP Versatile IP and Secure Platform
VLAN Virtual LAN
VLR Visitor Location Register


Page 152 of 152

Acronyms and
Abbreviations
Expansion
VoIP Voice over IP
VPN Virtual Private Network
VQI Voice Quality Index
WAN Wide Area Network
WBBP WCDMA Baseband Processing unit
WCDMA Wideband CDMA
WFQ Weighted Fair Queuing
WMPT WCDMA Main Processing Transmission unit
WRED Weighted Random Early Detection
WRR Weighted Round Robin
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