Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Issue 01
Date 2020-05-08
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Contents
1 Change History
Draft V1.2 2018-12-04 Liu Qian Updated the NR spectrum list in the
(employee appendix.
ID:
00450988)
Draft V1.2 2018-12-20 Liu Qian Added the description of sub-3 GHz 2.6
(employee GHz (TDD) to FBFD-010007 Scalable
ID: Bandwidth. Moved the description of
00450988) LampSite from "Dependency" to
"Description."
Draft V1.2 2018-12-20 Liu Qian Added the description that the EN-DC
(employee mobility requires the UE to support LTE
ID: and NR DC to "Dependency" of
00450988) FBFD-020102 Mobility Management.
Draft V1.2 2018-12-20 Liu Qian Added the description that UEs need to
(employee support DRX to "Dependency" of
ID: FBFD-021103 DRX.
00450988)
Draft V1.2 2019-01-10 Liu Qian Added the description of SA architecture
(employee to the star topology of FBFD-010016
ID: Transmission Networking.
00450988)
Draft V1.2 2019-01-10 Liu Qian Added the restriction on the bandwidth
(employee supported by the UBBPfw1 board to
ID: FBFD-010007 Scalable Bandwidth.
00450988)
V1.1 2019-02-12 Liu Qian FBFD-010001 3GPP R15 Standards
(employee Compliance: Updated the 3GPP Release
ID: 15 version that 5G RAN2.1 complies
00450988) with to the version released in December
2018.
5G RAN3.0 2019-08-06 Tan Dongwei Added a new feature:
draft V1.0 (employee
2 Standards Compliance
Summary
Huawei 5G RAN3.1 gNodeBs comply with 3GPP Release 15 (released in June 2019).
Benefits
Compliance with 3GPP Release 15 of 5G NR helps to facilitate large-scale commercial use of
5G and reduce end to end (E2E) industry costs.
Description
Huawei is an active participant and a major contributor to the development of 3GPP
specifications. In addition, Huawei strictly complies with 3GPP specifications during product
development. Specifically, Huawei 5G gNodeBs comply with 3GPP Release 15.
Enhancement
Huawei 5G gNodeBs comply with 3GPP Release 15 (released in June 2019).
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature provides new channel coding schemes over the 5G NR air interface.
Benefits
Compared with LTE, 5G introduces two new air interface coding technologies: Low-Density
Parity Check (LDPC) code and Polar code.
The LDPC code supports a higher peak rate, a faster decoding rate, and lower power
consumption than the Turbo code. This makes the LDPC code more suitable for data decoding
required by 5G large bandwidth and high throughput scenarios. When the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) reaches a certain threshold, the LDPC code performance continues to rapidly improve
with the increase of the SNR. However, the Turbo code performance only shows a slight
improvement.
The polar code supports a lower code rate, has a lower demodulation threshold, and features a
higher error correction performance than the LTE convolutional code. The downlink polar
code supports decoding early termination. These factors enable the polar code to have a
higher decoding speed than the LTE convolutional code.
Description
The LDPC code uses the parity check matrix and is applicable to data channel coding in
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) scenarios.
The polar code uses the encoding matrix and is applicable to control channel coding in eMBB
scenarios.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
MIMO Basic Package allows 5G gNodeBs to use multiple antennas to transmit and receive
signals. Multiple antennas can form narrow beams and enable beams to precisely target UEs,
improving coverage performance.
Benefits
This feature improves system coverage and spectral efficiency.
Description
MIMO Basic Package increases the number of antennas at the transmitter and receiver. It also
provides signal processing functions including downlink beamforming and uplink
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
Sub-6 GHz 2T2R/4T4R/8T8R/32T32R/64T64R base stations support downlink
beamforming and uplink multiple-antenna reception.
Sub-6 GHz 2T2R base stations do not support channel calibration.
mmWave base stations support 2T2R and 4T4R.
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
The flexible numerology in 3GPP Release 15 enables the selection of appropriate subcarrier
spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) length for diversified services (such as eMBB, URLLC, and
mMTC) and frequency bands (such as sub-3 GHz, sub-6 GHz, and mmWave).
The subcarrier spacing configurations supported in the current version are as follows:
15 kHz subcarrier spacing for sub-3 GHz
30 kHz subcarrier spacing for sub-6 GHz
120 kHz subcarrier spacing for mmWave
Benefits
For sub-6 GHz frequency bands, small subcarrier spacing is used. Longer CP lengths better
resist multipath delay and fading, and bring higher coverage performance. For mmWave
frequency bands, large subcarrier spacing is used for improving the capability of resisting the
phase noise and helps enhance system performance.
Description
The following subcarrier spacing configurations are supported for data channels by 3GPP
Release 15: 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz. Extended CPs are only supported when
the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz. Other subcarrier spacing configurations only support normal
CPs.
The subcarrier spacing configurations applicable to Basic Numerology in the current version
are as follows:
15 kHz subcarrier spacing for sub-3 GHz
30 kHz subcarrier spacing for sub-6 GHz
120 kHz subcarrier spacing for mmWave
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
Compared with a non-self-contained slot, a self-contained slot comprises uplink and downlink
parts. The downlink part is used for the transmission of physical downlink control channels
(PDCCHs) and physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs), and the uplink part is used for
the transmission of SRSs and physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs).
Benefits
When the uplink part of a self-contained slot is used for transmitting SRSs, the chances of
transmitting SRSs are increased. In this case, certain downlink channel information can be
obtained in an effective and timely manner based on the reciprocity between uplink and
downlink channels in TDD mode.
The uplink part of a self-contained slot can be used for transmitting ACK/NACK information
(carried on the PUCCH), which shortens the delay in downlink feedback and uplink
scheduling and improves user experience.
Description
Self-contained slots are classified into DL-dominant slots and UL-dominant slots. The uplink
part of DL-dominant slots can be used for the transmission of uplink control signals and SRSs.
The downlink part of UL-dominant slots can be used for the transmission of downlink control
signals.
Currently, only DL-dominant slots are supported.
The white area in the preceding figure indicates the guard period (GP) between uplink and
downlink transmission.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
In a TDD system, uplink and downlink slot resources need to be configured based on a certain
ratio, which is also called slot configuration.
In addition to the default 2.5 ms single-period (4:1 DDDSU) configuration, the following
configurations are also supported:
5 ms single-period (8:2 DDDDDDDSUU)
5 ms dual-period (8:2 DDDSUUDDDD)
5 ms dual-period (7:3 DDDSUDDSUU)
The function of checking slot configurations and frame offsets is now supported. This
function enables users to identify and resolve the interference issues resulting from
inconsistent base station frame offsets and slot configurations between the local cell and
intra-frequency cells in the same area when sites are newly deployed, base station frame
offsets or cell slot configurations are modified, cells are added, or cells are deleted.
Benefits
This feature enables alignment with switching points between LTE TDD (with a slot
configuration of DDDSU and a subcarrier spacing configuration of 15 kHz) uplink and
downlink. The alignment mitigates the uplink and downlink interference between LTE and
NR.
Description
A 5 ms period includes 10 timeslots (the corresponding subcarrier spacing configuration is 30
kHz), as shown by slots 0 to 9 in the following figure.
In this figure, the orange part indicates the downlink, the blue part indicates the uplink, and
the white part indicates the guard period (GP) for the switch of uplink and downlink
transmission.
A 5 ms period includes 7 downlink timeslots, 2 uplink timeslots, and 1 self-contained timeslot
(S timeslot for short).
The following figure shows the allocation of self-contained timeslot resources. Four uplink
symbols are used for sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission. The number of GP
symbols can be configured and ranges from 1 to 6. Correspondingly, the number of downlink
symbols ranges from 9 to 4.
Enhancement
5G RAN3.0
The function of checking slot configurations and frame offsets is introduced.
The dual-period 8:2 slot configuration and its corresponding slot structures are introduced.
Dependency
Hardware
4:1: no dependency
8:2: not supported by the AAU5612
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
The F-OFDM feature enables 5G to achieve higher spectrum usage.
The spectral utilization refers to the ratio of transmission bandwidth to channel bandwidth.
Table 2-1 Maximum spectrum utilization of different sub-6 GHz channel bandwidths
Benefits
Compared with the 90% spectral utilization of LTE, F-OFDM enables higher spectrum
utilization for 5G and more spectrum resources within the channel bandwidth. When the 100
MHz channel bandwidth and 30 kHz subcarrier spacing are used, an additional 8.28 MHz of
spectrum resources can be used for 5G.
Description
On the gNodeB transmitter side, the F-OFDM feature effectively controls the out-of-band
leakage of transmit signals, reduces the guard band within the 5G channel bandwidth, and
enables more spectrum to be used for downlink transmission. On the gNodeB receiver side,
the F-OFDM feature effectively controls the impact of out-of-band interference on 5G,
reduces the guard band within the 5G channel bandwidth, and enables more spectrum to be
used for uplink transmission.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
FDD is a full-duplex communications technology used in mobile communications, which is
different from TDD. In FDD, two independent channels are used for downlink transmission
and uplink transmission, respectively.
Benefits
This feature allows 5G to be deployed in more frequency bands based on the requirements
defined in 3GPP specifications. The sub-3 GHz FDD frequency band features low frequencies
and provides better coverage.
Description
In FDD, two independent channels are used for uplink transmission and downlink
transmission, respectively.
The subcarrier spacing is 15 kHz.
FDD can be deployed in the n1, n2, n3, n5, n7, n8, n20, n25, n28, n66, and n71 frequency
bands.
The cell bandwidths 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz are supported.
Enhancement
Frequency bands n2, n5, n8, n20, and n25 are supported in 5G RAN3.1.
Dependency
Hardware
Baseband processing unit: UBBPg
All 5000 series RF modules support NR FDD, except those working in the 1400 MHz
and 1900 MHz frequency bands. The 3000 series RF modules supporting NR FDD are
listed in the following table.
UE
UEs must support FDD in the corresponding frequency bands.
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature allows for the following bandwidth configurations:
Macro Base Stations
− Low frequency bands in NR TDD mode: 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, 50 MHz, 60
MHz, 70 MHz, 80 MHz, 90 MHz, and 100 MHz
− High frequency bands in NR TDD mode: 100 MHz and 200 MHz
− NR FDD: 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz
LampSite Base Stations
Low frequency bands in NR TDD mode: 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, 50 MHz, 60 MHz,
70 MHz, 80 MHz, 90 MHz, and 100 MHz
UE:
UEs can access cells served by bandwidth-scalable carriers of the gNodeB based on the
bandwidth part (BWP) protocol.
Benefits
With operators' spectrum fully utilized, this feature protects spectrum investment and ensures
that UEs with different bandwidth capabilities can access the 5G NR network.
Description
This feature allows for the following bandwidth configurations:
Macro Base Stations
− Low frequency bands in NR TDD mode: 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, 50 MHz, 60
MHz, 70 MHz, 80 MHz, 90 MHz, and 100 MHz
− High frequency bands in NR TDD mode: 100 MHz and 200 MHz
− NR FDD: 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz
LampSite Base Stations
Low frequency bands in NR TDD mode: 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, 50 MHz, 60 MHz,
70 MHz, 80 MHz, 90 MHz, and 100 MHz
UE:
UEs can access cells served by bandwidth-scalable carriers of the gNodeB based on the
bandwidth part (BWP) protocol.
Enhancement
In 5G RAN2.0, this feature applies to the 4.8–5.0 GHz frequency range.
5G RAN2.1 adds support for 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 50 MHz, 70 MHz, and 90 MHz bandwidths
in 3.4–3.8 GHz frequency bands.
5G RAN2.1 adds support for 60 MHz, 80 MHz, and 100 MHz bandwidths in TDD 2.6 GHz
frequency bands.
Dependency
Hardware
RF module: support for nTnR but not massive MIMO
700 MHz (n28):
RRU5309, RRU5909, RRU5509t, and RRU5301cw
1800 MHz (n3):
RRU5901, RRU5904, RRU3959, RRU3953, and RRU3971
Summary
Modulation schemes supported in 5G RAN1.0 include UL π/2-BPSK, DL/UL QPSK, DL/UL
16QAM, and DL/UL 64QAM.
Benefits
Spectral efficiency and system capacity are maximized by selecting modulation schemes in
line with channel conditions.
Description
Modulation schemes are selected to adapt to UE-reported CQIs, maximizing system
throughput for UEs.
This feature provides the gNodeB and UEs with the following modulation schemes:
Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) in the uplink and downlink
16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) in the uplink and downlink
64QAM in the uplink and downlink
In modulation with QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM:
QPSK carries two bits at most per symbol.
16QAM carries four bits at most per symbol.
64QAM carries six bits at most per symbol.
Based on channel conditions, the gNodeB and UEs select the most suitable modulation
scheme to balance data transmission rates and frame error rates.
A more favorable channel condition allows a higher-order modulation scheme to be used.
For example, in poor radio environments, UEs use a low-order modulation scheme (QPSK) to
ensure that uplink transmission meets service requirements. In good radio environments, UEs
use a high-order modulation (for example, 64QAM) to realize high-rate transmission in the
uplink.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature covers logical channels, transport channels, physical channels, and other basic
functions. It provides the basis for UEs to access an NR system and transmit data.
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for data transfer and resource management.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Table 3-1 Mapping between uplink logical channels and uplink transport channels
Transport Channel UL-SCH Random Access Channel
Logical Channel (RACH)
CCCH X
DCCH X
DTCH X
2. Downlink
Table 3-2 Mapping between downlink logical channels and downlink transport channels
Transport Channel BCH PCH DL-SCH
Logical Channel
BCCH X X
PCCH X
CCCH X
DCCH X
DTCH X
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for data transfer and resource management.
Figure 3-1 Mapping between uplink transport channels and uplink physical channels
2. Downlink
The DL-SCH is mapped to the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
The BCH is mapped to the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).
The PCH is mapped to the PDSCH.
Figure 3-2 shows the mapping between downlink transport channels and downlink physical
channels:
Figure 3-2 Mapping between downlink transport channels and downlink physical channels
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for data transfer and resource management.
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for data transfer and resource management.
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for UEs to access an NR system and transmit data. Uplink
control channel transmission is a basic 5G function. Over the uplink control channel, UEs
transmit HARQ feedback, SRs, and CSI.
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for UEs to access an NR system and transmit data. Downlink
control channel transmission is a basic 5G function. Through a downlink control channel
transmission process, UEs obtain broadcast message resources, PDSCH resources, PUSCH
resources, and power adjustment information.
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for UEs to maintain uplink synchronization.
Benefits
SRS enables the gNodeB to obtain channel information. Based on channel information,
functions such as frequency selection, beamforming, handovers between cells, and uplink
beam selection can be implemented to ensure optimal system performance.
1. The UE randomly selects the Random Access Preamble and transmits it through the
available PRACH. The available PRACH is set based on the PRACH configuration of
the cell.
2. The gNodeB transmits a Random Access Response after receiving the Random Access
Preamble.
3. After receiving the Random Access Response, the UE performs the first scheduled
uplink transmission over the UL-SCH.
4. The gNodeB sends the Contention Resolution message over the DL-SCH based on the
first scheduled uplink transmission and checks whether the UE has successfully accessed
the network.
There are three steps for non-contention-based random access:
The gNodeB allocates the Random Access Preamble and PRACH resources to the UE
through dedicated signaling messages to request the UE to initiate random access.
The UE transmits the Random Access Preamble over the allocated PRACH.
The gNodeB transmits a Random Access Response after receiving the Random Access
Preamble. The UE successfully accesses the network when it receives the Random
Access Response.
In addition, the Huawei gNodeB supports random access preamble formats 0 and C2.
Benefits
This feature provides the basis for UEs to access an NR system.
Summary
This feature provides the following functions:
Physical random access channel (PRACH) power control
Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) power control
Physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) power control
Sounding reference signal (SRS) power control
Physical broadcast channel (PBCH) power control
Synchronization signal (SS) power control
Physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) power control
Tracking reference signal (TRS) power control
Physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) power control
In NR, uplink power control enables gNodeBs to control the uplink transmit power of UEs in
a way that can reduce the UE power consumption with uplink service quality guaranteed and
improved. Uplink power control is applicable to the PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH, and SRS.
Downlink power control enables gNodeBs to control the downlink transmit power of each
physical channel in a way that can reduce the gNodeB power consumption with downlink
service quality guaranteed and improved. Downlink power control is applicable to the PBCH,
SS, PDCCH, TRS, and PDSCH.
Benefits
This feature is one of the most important basic features of the NR system and is used to
guarantee and improve UE service experience.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
Downlink power control requires the following RF modules: NR TDD-capable pRRUs,
NR TDD-capable massive MIMO AAUs, and NR FDD-capable RRUs. It has no special
requirements for base station models, baseband processing units, and main control
boards.
Uplink power control has no special requirements for base station models, baseband
processing units, main control boards, and RF modules.
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Benefits
PRACH power control can provide the following benefits:
Ensuring that the preamble sent by the UE can be detected by the gNodeB
Reducing UE power consumption
Benefits
Through precise control of the UE transmit power on the gNodeB side, PUSCH power control
can provide the following benefits:
Reducing the interference between neighboring cells and increasing the uplink
throughput of NG-RAN
Ensuring the service quality, for example, meeting the requirements on block error rate
(BLER)
Reducing UE power consumption
Benefits
Through precise control of the UE transmit power on the gNodeB side, PUCCH power
control can provide the following benefits:
Ensuring the UCI feedback performance, that is, meeting the requirements on BER
Reducing UE power consumption
Benefits
SRS power control can provide the following benefits:
Ensuring that the received signal quality of SRS meets the detection requirements
Reducing UE power consumption
Benefits
PBCH power control can provide the following benefits:
Ensuring that the PBCH data sent by the gNodeB can be correctly demodulated by all
UEs in the cell
Reducing gNodeB power consumption
Benefits
SS power control can provide the following benefits:
Ensuring that the SS sent by the gNodeB can be correctly demodulated by all UEs in the
cell
Reducing gNodeB power consumption
Benefits
PDCCH power control can improve the downlink control channel coverage.
Benefits
TRS power control can provide the following benefits:
Ensuring that the TRS sent by the gNodeB can be correctly demodulated by all UEs in
the cell
Reducing gNodeB power consumption
Benefits
PDSCH power control can provide the following benefits:
Ensuring the service quality, for example, meeting the requirements on BLER
Increasing user throughput
Summary
This feature uses the proportional fair (PF) scheduling algorithm to allocate resources to UEs
in each TTI. It also supports uplink frequency selective scheduling, joint optimization of
uplink multi-CC power control scheduling, and enhanced HARQ adaptive retransmission for
eMBB services.
Benefits
The scheduling algorithm helps achieve a trade-off between system capacity and user
experience.
Enhancement
5G RAN2.0 introduces TDD non-massive MIMO uplink discontinuous frequency selective
scheduling, CBG-based HARQ feedback and retransmission, and enhanced adaptive
retransmission.
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Benefits
In addition to delivering uplink frequency selection gains, this function maximizes uplink RB
utilization, increases uplink throughput, and provides better user experience.
Benefits
This feature saves resources required for retransmission and improves spectral efficiency.
Summary
This feature involves the AES, SNOW 3G, and ZUC ciphering algorithms, which are used to
cipher signaling and service data transmitted between UEs and base stations.
Benefits
Ciphering algorithms protect signaling and service data against unauthorized interception and
tampering.
Description
The base station provides ciphering protection for RRC signaling messages and user-plane
messages at the PDCP layer.
In a non-standalone (NSA) scenario, after receiving the UE security context from the master
base station, the gNodeB selects a ciphering algorithm based on the algorithm priority
configuration on the gNodeB and calculates the cipher key.
In a standalone (SA) scenario, the gNodeB selects a ciphering algorithm during an AS
security mode command (SMC) procedure. The cipher key for RRC signaling is derived and
RRC signaling ciphering is activated during the AS SMC procedure. User-plane ciphering
activation is determined by the security policy delivered by the core network. The user-plane
cipher key is derived during the user-plane bearer setup procedure.
The ciphering algorithm changes only when the UE is handed over between cells. It is
renegotiated based on the gNodeB ciphering algorithm priority and the UE capability. Cipher
keys can be changed during handovers, RRC connection resume, or RRC connection
reestablishments. Intra-cell handovers can also change cipher keys of the UEs in
RRC_CONNECTED mode.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
UEs support 5G radio interface ciphering algorithms.
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature provides the following functions:
1. Basic functions for mobility management
2. Intra-NR coverage-based intra-frequency handover
3. Intra-NR coverage-based inter-frequency handover
4. Intra-NR frequency-priority-based inter-frequency handover
5. Multi-band compatibility
Benefits
This feature helps ensure continuous wireless network coverage to enable consistent service
experience on UEs.
Enhancement
5G RAN2.1
Intra-frequency handover is supported in Standalone (SA) networking.
5G RAN3.0
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
The EN-DC mobility requires UEs to support LTE and NR DC.
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Benefits
Mobility requirements are fulfilled for UEs supporting EN-DC in an NR cell.
Benefits
Coverage continuity is ensured for UEs moving among intra-frequency cells to reduce the
service drop rate and improve user experience.
4. Handover execution
Based on handover preparation results, the gNodeB sends a handover command to the
UE through an RRC Reconfiguration message. Then, the UE performs handover.
Inter-frequency handover applies to the following scenarios:
Intra-gNodeB handover: The source cell and target cell of a handover belong to the same
gNodeB.
Inter-gNodeB Xn-based handover: The source cell and target cell of a handover belong
to different gNodeBs that exchange information through the Xn interface.
Inter-gNodeB NG-based handover: The source cell and target cell of a handover belong
to different gNodeBs that exchange information through the NG interface, but not
through the Xn interface.
Benefits
In multi-frequency networking, coverage continuity is ensured for UEs moving among
inter-frequency cells to reduce the service drop rate and improve user experience.
Benefits
This function provides a means to transfer UEs and allows for flexible networking to help
operators implement service steering.
If a UE supports any of the frequency bands in which a cell works, the UE can access the cell.
This allows more UEs to access the network.
If a UE supports any of the frequency bands configured for a neighboring cell, the UE can be
handed over to this cell. More candidate cells are therefore available for a UE handover.
Benefits
This function allows UEs supporting different frequency bands to access the network,
increasing the number of UEs served by an operator and making full use of spectrum
resources. For example, if a cell is configured with both frequency bands n77 and n78,
UEs supporting either n77 or n78 can access the cell.
UEs can access and roam to more networks operating in different frequency bands,
easing the UE management and operation.
Summary
The Beam Management feature enables broadcast channels to use narrow beams. Through
beam scanning, the best beam can be found for synchronization and system information
demodulation. This improves the cell coverage.
The Beam Management feature enables control channels to use narrow beams. The gNodeB
tracks and maintains the best beams of UEs to effectively extend the coverage area of the
control channels.
Benefits
This feature extends the coverage area of broadcast channels and control channels.
This feature applies to different networking scenarios. It improves coverage and reduces
interference.
Description
Broadcast Channel Beam Management
Broadcast channels use SS/PBCH blocks (SSBs) for beam sweeping. Each SSB sends one
beam. According to 3GPP specifications, the C-band provides a maximum of eight SSBs.
Multiple beams serve an entire cell in polling mode. The polling of narrow beams provides
better coverage than LTE wide beams. It is because the beam is narrower when the transmit
power of each narrow beam is the same as that of the LTE wide beam.
In the default coverage scenario of a C-band 32T or 64T AAU cell, the horizontal 3 dB
beamwidth is 105°, and the vertical 3 dB beamwidth is 6°.
In the default coverage of a 8T or lower RRU, the horizontal and vertical beamwidths are
subject to external antennas.
Control Channel Beam Management
The UE sends SRS signals, and the gNodeB maintains the optimal SRS measurement beam
set and then configures it as the transmit or receive beams of the control channels.
TRS uses wide beams to cover the entire cell.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature includes flow control, base station always online, cell outage detection, cold
backup of main control boards, and inter-board baseband resource redundancy.
Benefits
This feature ensures the reliability of base stations, cuts down the impact scope and duration
of faults, and lowers the number of accidents during network operation. The feature also helps
to reduce the demand for onsite maintenance and improves O&M efficiency, enhancing
operators' brand image.
Enhancement
5G RAN2.1
Cell outage detection and recovery in SA networking and flow control in SA networking are
enhanced.
Cold backup of main control boards and inter-board baseband resource redundancy are
introduced.
5G RAN3.0
Cell outage detection based on the cell sleeping state is introduced.
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Flow control is performed on control-plane and user-plane data flows within a gNodeB or
between a gNodeB and an external NE.
Flow control methods are as follows:
Restricting output flows of the gNodeB or reducing the data flows received from the peer
NE through backpressure
Reducing gNodeB's output data rate or decreasing the output data rate of the peer NE
through backpressure
Identifying service priorities and controlling access of low-priority data flows
Benefits
When heavy traffic exists on the device, flow control can reduce the device reset risk and
improve device reliability. Flow control also prevents the deterioration of the access success
rate and handover success rate to ensure user experience.
Benefits
The cell outage detection feature enables gNodeBs to quickly detect cell outage, shorten the
cell outage duration, reduce the impact on user experience, and help to improve operators'
brand image.
Benefits
The base station OM channel self-recovery function eliminates the need of onsite handling in
the case of an OM channel interruption, and therefore shortens the interruption time and saves
costs.
boards, two main control boards working in active/standby mode are required. When a fault is
detected on the active main control board, the active and standby boards switch roles.
Services can be automatically recovered after the services carried on the originally active
board are interrupted. This improves base station reliability. This feature requires that the two
main control boards are of the same type.
Cold backup of main control board involves active/standby competition, data backup, and
active/standby switchover.
Benefits
When the active main control board becomes faulty, the standby main control board becomes
active and continues to provide services, reducing service interruption duration and increasing
customer satisfaction.
Benefits
When one BBP becomes faulty, the cells served by the faulty BBP can be reestablished on
another operational BBP with available resources. This improves base station reliability.
Summary
Quality of service (QoS) management ensures service quality by coordinating among all
network nodes involved, from service initiation to service response.
Radio QoS management consists of two phases: QoS management phase during service
initiation and QoS control phase after service initiation.
QoS management during service initiation includes the binding of services with appropriate
radio bearers, admission control, and preemption.
QoS control after service initiation includes differentiated scheduling of bearers, congestion
control, and flow control.
Benefits
Radio QoS management binds users to appropriate radio bearers, ensuring QoS for services of
different levels and enabling more users to have access to limited spectrum resources. In
addition, radio QoS management provides services that match user requirements and ensures
differentiation and fairness among multiple users.
Description
The current version supports radio QoS management in non-standalone (NSA) architecture
and SA architecture.
When a UE initiates a service setup request, the gNodeB binds the service to a proper
bearer based on the QoS attributes, such as QoS class identifier (QCI) and 5G QoS
indicator (5QI) characteristics. In addition, an operator can adjust Packet Data
Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Media Access Control
(MAC) parameters for each bearer as required.
After the bearer is established, differentiated scheduling is provided based on the settings
of each bearer's parameters, channel quality, and history rate to satisfy the QCI and 5QI
characteristics of each bearer in table 6.1.7-A "Standardized QCI characteristics" for
NSA in 3GPP TS 23.203 and in table 5.7.4-1 "Standardized 5QI to QoS characteristics
mapping" for SA in 3GPP TS 23.501.
Non-guaranteed bit rate (GBR) services support the limitation on aggregate maximum
bit rates (AMBR) for UEs and minimum rate guarantee.
Enhancement
The capability of the 5G RAN2.1 is enhanced to support the SA architecture.
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
Evolved packet core (EPC) in NSA architecture and 5G Core Network (5GC) in SA
architecture
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature covers the AES, SNOW 3G, and ZUC integrity protection algorithms. These
algorithms protect the integrity of signaling and user-plane data between UEs and base
stations to prevent data from being tampered with during transmission.
Benefits
This feature protects signaling and user-plane data from being tampered with.
Description
Base stations offer integrity protection for RRC signaling messages and user-plane messages
at the PDCP layer. The sender calculates a message authentication code MAC-I based on an
RRC message or user-plane message by using an integrity protection algorithm, and then
sends the code to the receiver together with the message. The receiver calculates a code based
on the received RRC message or user-plane message by using the same integrity protection
algorithm and compares it against the MAC-I of the message from the sender. If the two codes
are different, the message has been tampered with.
In an SA scenario, the gNodeB selects an integrity protection algorithm during an AS SMC
procedure. The cipher key for RRC signaling integrity protection is derived and integrity
protection is activated during the AS SMC procedure. User-plane integrity protection
activation is determined by the security policy delivered by the core network. The user-plane
cipher key is derived during the user-plane bearer setup procedure.
In an NSA scenario, the gNodeB is connected to the EPC. Integrity protection is not involved
on the user plane and is supported on the control plane between the UE and the gNodeB.
Enhancement
PDCP Counter Check: If integrity protection is not enabled for user-plane messages, operators
can enable the PDCP Counter Check feature, which is used to check the consistency of the
PDCP counter values for user-plane data bearers between the UE and gNodeB.
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
UEs support 5G air interface integrity protection.
UEs support PDCP Counter Check.
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature supports discontinuous reception (DRX), differentiated UE DRX parameter
settings, and ANR measurement.
Benefits
Compared with continuous reception, DRX has the following benefits:
Reduces power consumption and prolongs the standby time of UEs. A UE does not need
to continuously monitor the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). Therefore, the
UE can turn off its receiver.
Allows the UE to perform ANR measurement during the sleep time in DRX.
Description
When DRX is used, the UE does not continuously monitor the PDCCH. A DRX cycle
consists of active time and sleep time, corresponding to the active state and sleep state,
respectively. In active time, the UE turns on its receiver, monitors the PDCCH, and receives
downlink data and signaling. In sleep time, the UE neither monitors the PDCCH nor receives
downlink data and signaling, and it can turn off its receiver, reducing power consumption. In
non-DRX mode, the UE always turns on its receiver and stays in the active state.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
mmWave is not supported.
UE
UEs need to support DRX.
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
SA is short for standalone and indicates standalone networking. The SA Option 2 architecture
is an end-to-end 5G network architecture, which adopts 5G standards through the whole
process covering the terminals, NR air interface, and core network. The purpose is to support
5G interfaces and provide 5G functions and services.
Benefits
SA Option 2 Architecture provides diversified services that cannot be carried by 4G networks.
The examples include large-bandwidth, low-latency, and high-reliability service applications,
network slicing services, as well as new business models such as mobile edge computing.
This feature can also provide scenario-based customized services to meet various service
requirements.
Description
The SA Option 2 Architecture includes the 5GC and NG-RAN. The 5GC mainly comprises
the access and mobility management function (AMF) and the user plane function (UPF), and
the NG-RAN comprises the gNodeBs. The following describes the interfaces between NEs:
NG-C and NG-U: The gNodeB is connected to the AMF through the NG-C interface to
implement NG control plane functions. The gNodeB is connected to the UPF through the
NG-U interface to implement NG user plane functions.
Xn-C and Xn-U: gNodeBs are connected through Xn-C and Xn-U interfaces to
implement Xn control plane and user plane functions, respectively.
Uu: The gNodeB is connected to the UE through the Uu interface to implement NR air
interface functions.
The NG and Xn interfaces support self-configuration. They can automatically obtain the
transport and network layer addresses of the peer end, and allow automatic management
based on link status and peer status. They also support the following functions:
Enhancement
5G RAN3.0
The NG-flex is introduced to interconnect with the AMF pool, thereby ensuring the reliability
of E2E networking.
Dependency
Hardware
mmWave is not supported.
UE
5G terminals
Core network
5GC
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature supports mobility management for UEs in RRC_INACTIVE state in the SA
networking of an NR network. Mobility management in this state includes cell search, PLMN
selection, cell selection, cell reselection, RAN-based Notification Area (RNA) update, as well
as state transition with RRC_CONNECTED and with RRC_IDLE.
Benefits
UEs in RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain similar power consumption as in RRC_IDLE
mode while resuming data transmission within a short delay.
Description
In an NR network, a UE can be in RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, or RRC_INACTIVE
state. The cell search, PLMN selection, cell selection, and cell reselection procedures in
RRC_INACTIVE state are the same as those in RRC_IDLE state. The RNA update and state
transition with RRC_CONNECTED and RRC INACTIVE states are new to
RRC_INACTIVE state.
RNA update
The RNA update procedure applies to the following scenarios:
− A UE periodically sends RNA update information to the base station, so that the
base station determines whether the UE is disconnected from the network.
− After cell reselection, a UE notifies the base station through an RNA update
message if the UE finds that the RNA ID of the new cell is different from the latest
obtained RNA ID.
RRC_CONNECTED to RRC_INACTIVE
If a UE does not send or receive data within the period specified by the inactivity timer,
the UE enters RRC_INACTIVE state.
RRC_INACTIVE to RRC_CONNECTED
In case of RAN paging or uplink data transmission, the UE is restored from
RRC_INACTIVE to RRC_CONNECTED state.
RRC_INACTIVE to RRC_IDLE
If no data is transmitted or received before the timer for transiting from
RRC_INACTIVE to RRC_IDLE state expires, the UE enters RRC_IDLE state.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
mmWave is not supported.
UE
UEs must support the RRC_INACTIVE state.
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
gNodeBs support multiple network topologies, including star, chain, tree.
Benefits
Multiple network topologies are supported.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
This feature supports IPv6.
gNodeBs support star topology and are connected to the core network through layer 2 or layer
3 data networks. A gNodeB uses S1 and Ng interfaces to connect to a core network.
A gNodeB uses an X2 interface to connect to an eNodeB for information exchange.
A gNodeB uses an Xn interface to connect to another gNodeB for information exchange.
Benefits
Simplest topology
Easy management and high reliability
Benefits
The chain topology requires less transmission equipment and reduces the transmission line
lease cost and construction cost.
Benefits
The tree topology requires fewer transmission links than the star topology.
Summary
This feature reduces the common public radio interface (CPRI) bandwidth required in a single
cell.
Benefits
The benefits of CPRI compression are as follows:
Reduces the number of optical modules and optical fibers.
Reduces investment on gNodeB installation and reconstruction.
Enables the same interface bandwidth to support more carriers.
Description
With CPRI Compression, the CPRI bandwidth required by each single cell is reduced.
Essentially, with the cell bandwidth and the antenna quantity unchanged, CPRI Compression
decreases the transmission bandwidth used by each optical module or the quantity of optical
modules and fiber optic cables. This reduces the investment on gNodeB installation and
construction.
The reduction in the CPRI bandwidth varies depending on the compression ratio of CPRI
Compression. Generally, in a 100 MHz 64T64R cell, 3.2:1 compression reduces the CPRI
bandwidth from 320 Gbit/s to 100 Gbit/s and therefore the number of 100 Gbit/s CPRI ports
from 4 to 1.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
Baseband processing boards and RF modules that support CPRI
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
Huawei gNodeBs support differentiated services (DiffServ) and provide quality of
service (QoS) guarantee by classifying and managing traffic flows.
Differentiated transmission flow control ensures impartial UE access to a cell while
offering an extensive range of differentiated services. This is achieved using the
following functions:
− Queue scheduling, including priority queuing (PQ) and weighted round robin
(WRR)
− Back-pressure flow control
Benefits
This feature provides a DiffServ QoS guarantee mechanism, which is a standard
mechanism within the industry.
This feature enables differentiated transmission flow control to ensure impartial UE
access to a cell while offering an extensive range of differentiated services.
Description
DiffServ
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
With this feature, the virtual local area network (VLAN) function differentiates traffic flows,
manages data priorities, and provides security scheduling at the MAC layer.
Benefits
Traffic isolation at the MAC layer
Priority management at the MAC layer
Security assurance at the MAC layer
Description
The gNodeB supports the VLAN function in compliance with IEEE 802.1p/q. In this way,
traffic flows of different types are isolated at the MAC layer. For example, OM data and
traffic data are tagged with different VLANs. In addition, the data priority and security are
provided at the MAC layer.
VLAN tags are attached based on:
Differentiated services code point (DSCP)
Next-hop IP address
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Summary
This feature allows synchronization with diversified clock sources, including the GPS,
BeiDou, 1PPS+TOD, BITS, and E1/T1.
Benefits
This feature supports the synchronization with diversified clock sources.
Enhancement
5G RAN3.0
Added the clock out-of-synchronization detection function, which helps improve the
clock reliability.
5G RAN3.1
Added synchronization with Galileo and network-wide synchronization deviation
detection.
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Benefits
This feature enables manual or automatic switching between clock sources. If an error occurs
on the clock source in use, gNodeBs are not affected.
The GPS antenna system receives GPS signals at 1575.42 MHz and transmits the signals to
the GPS satellite card. The system can simultaneously trace up to eight (normally three or
four) satellites. The GPS satellite card processes the signals and transmits them to the master
clock module.
gNodeBs must be equipped with a GPS or RGPS receive device to support the GPS or RGPS
clock.
Benefits
This feature uses the GPS clock as a synchronization source. The gNodeB internal clock can
be synchronized with the transport network. No auxiliary clock equipment is required, which
reduces costs. The synchronized clock is of the required accuracy to meet both radio
frequency and transport network requirements.
gNodeBs must be equipped with a UMPTe that is configured with a BeiDou satellite card or a
UMPTg, as well as the BeiDou satellite antenna system.
Benefits
This feature provides another satellite clock synchronization mode in addition to GPS clock
synchronization.
This feature supports the backup of GPS clock synchronization and BeiDou synchronization,
thereby improving clock reliability.
Benefits
This feature provides another satellite clock synchronization mode in addition to GPS clock
synchronization.
This feature supports the backup of GPS clock synchronization and Galileo clock
synchronization, thereby improving clock reliability.
Benefits
This feature uses the 1PPS clock as a synchronization source. The gNodeB internal clock can
be synchronized with the transport network. No auxiliary clock equipment is required, which
reduces costs. The synchronized clock is of the required accuracy to meet both radio
frequency and transport network requirements.
Benefits
This feature uses the BITS as a synchronization source. The gNodeB internal clock can be
synchronized with the transport network. No auxiliary clock equipment is required, which
reduces costs. The synchronized clock is of the required accuracy to meet both radio
frequency and transport network requirements.
Benefits
This feature uses the E1/T1 clock as a synchronization source. The internal clock of the
gNodeB can be synchronized with the transmission network and no auxiliary clock equipment
is needed to reduce the costs. The synchronized clock can meet the accuracy requirements and
meet the radio frequency and transmission network requirements.
Benefits
This feature helps quickly identify asynchronized base stations, facilitating the elimination of
interference caused by base station asynchronization.
To accurately identify base stations with synchronization deviations, sufficient reference base
stations are required for comparison. This function allows the inter-site synchronization
deviation detection among all gNodeBs managed by the same OSS. The inter-site
synchronization deviation data on the entire network is intelligently analyzed on the OSS, and
the few base stations with synchronization deviations are identified by using the majority of
base stations as reference base stations. Inter-site synchronization deviation is quantitatively
identified through sequence detection. If base stations properly receive the characteristic
sequence from each other, the bidirectional air interface delay between the base stations can
be measured to calculate the deviation.
Benefits
This function does not directly produce network performance gains. However, it helps
identify base stations with synchronization deviations, which reduces service costs.
Summary
When an active IP route becomes faulty, the standby IP route can take over, thereby
improving reliability of IP routes.
Benefits
This feature improves the reliability of the IP layer.
Description
This feature improves the reliability of the IP layer.
Users can configure two routes with the same destination IP address but different next-hop
addresses and priorities. The route with the higher priority is usually active. When this route
fails and stops working (for example, identified by ping operations), the route with the lower
priority takes over and starts working.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
The peer device must support this feature.
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
This feature partially supports IPv6. IPv6 is not supported for BFD-based active and
standby routes.
Summary
This feature protects the network access security of devices. It covers the following functions:
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), PKI redundancy, integrated firewall, access control based on
802.1X, and Anti-DDoS Attack over the Air Interface.
Benefits
This feature provides basic security capabilities for base stations to access the network.
Enhancement
5G RAN3.0
This feature supports TLS1.3. TLS1.3 (RFC 8446) was officially published in August
2018. TLS1.3 features lower latency and higher security compared with TLS protocols
of earlier versions. Only one round trip time (RTT) is required for establishing a TLS1.3
connection, whereas 2-RTT is required in earlier versions. In TLS1.3, insecure/legacy
cipher suites RC4/CBC/RSA/SHA1 are deleted, and only AEAD cipher suites are
supported.
5G RAN3.1
This feature supports DTLS over SCTP and Anti-DDoS Attack over the Air Interface.
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
The PKI function requires that a PKI server be deployed on the operator's network.
The PKI redundancy function requires that a pair of active and standby PKI servers be
deployed on the operator's network.
Access control based on 802.1X requires that the peer access device of the base station
support IEEE 802.1X and an IEEE 802.1X-based authentication server be deployed on
the operator's network.
OSS: Huawei iManager U2020 is required.
Other features
None
4.7.1 PKI
Description
PKI provides digital certificate management for NEs. It supports certificate authentication for
the IPsec tunnel between a base station and a security gateway (SeGW), or for the SSL
connection between a base station and the OMC.
Digital certificate management includes certificate creation, storage, distribution, and
revocation, and certificate revocation list (CRL) issuance.
Generally, a PKI system consists of a Certificate Authority (CA), a certificate repository (CR),
a CRL server, and the users to be authenticated.
Before delivery, a base station can be preconfigured with Huawei certificates whose format
complies with X.509 V3. After the base station starts operating, it can apply for the operator's
certificates from the PKI system and replace Huawei certificates.
Benefits
This function provides digital certificate authentication between two NEs to improve network
security.
Benefits
Active and standby PKI servers are deployed on the network. When the active PKI server is
faulty, the base station automatically re-initiates a session with the standby PKI server to
continue to apply for and update a certificate and obtain a CRL. This prevents link faults
caused by certificate problems and improves PKI networking reliability.
Benefits
The base station filters packets based on ACL rules to prevent network attacks.
The base station identifies the packets that need to be encrypted and authenticated by IPsec
based on ACL rules.
Benefits
This function provides digital certificate authentication between a base station and the LAN
switch to improve network security.
Summary
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) over SCTP provides security protection for
signaling over the N2/Xn-C interfaces.
Benefits
1. This feature meets security requirements of customers.
2. This feature complies with 3GPP specifications and improves transmission security
competitiveness.
Description
DTLS ensures secure communication between the application layer and network layer. As
required by 3GPP TS 33.501 V15.1.0 "Security architecture and procedures for 5G system",
base stations provide security protection for signaling over the N2/Xn-C interfaces using
DTLS. Only DTLS1.2 is supported. For details, see RFC 6347.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
This feature requires that the core network support DTLS.
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
Benefits
The anti-DDoS attack capability of the air interface is improved.
Summary
This feature enhances the performance management function by providing an end-to-end
network monitoring mechanism, and collects the values of KPIs, including the traffic volume,
packet loss rate, delay, and jitter.
Benefits
Convenient end-to-end network performance monitoring
Enhanced system maintainability and testability
Improved system performance
Description
IP performance monitoring (IPPM) is a Huawei-proprietary function. It provides end-to-end
network performance monitoring by enabling periodic packet exchanges. gNodeBs
periodically send packets to the peer devices, which respond to these packets. gNodeBs
acquire the KPIs, for example, the traffic volume, packet loss rate, delay, and jitter from the
response packets.
With these KPIs, operators can know the network quality and take necessary measures, such
as network optimization and capacity expansion.
IPPM can also be used for fault location. If the gNodeB and the peer equipment both have this
feature enabled, it is easy to determine whether the fault occurs on transmission network
devices or NR NEs. If every node on a network has IPPM enabled, faults can be quickly
located.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
The peer device must support this feature.
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
Mutually exclusive features:
Summary
This feature enables the S1-U, X2, Xn, and NG interfaces to use both the IPv6 and IPv4
transmission protocols. The S1-U interface connects a 5G base station and a 4G core network
(EPC) in 5G NSA networking. The NG interface connects a 5G base station and a 5G core
network in 5G SA networking. The X2 interface connects a 4G base station and a 5G base
station. The Xn interface connects a 5G base station and its adjacent 5G base station. All these
interfaces are based on the all-IP transmission protocol stack.
Benefits
This feature overcomes the problem that some NEs do not support IPv6 or evolution to IPv6
during IPv4-to-IPv6 evolution.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
The core network equipment must support IPv6.
Other NEs
The transmission network must support IPv6.
Other features
None
Summary
This feature consists of local maintenance on the LMT, U2020 centralized management,
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), software version upgrade management, hot patch management,
fault management, configuration management, performance management, and real-time
monitoring of system running information. This feature also supports security management,
environment monitoring, inventory management, license management, emergency license
control, antenna fault detection, remote electrical tilt control, and other related functions.
Benefits
This feature helps customers better implement network deployment, maintenance, and
optimization.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
The LMT requires a web browser, and the U2020 is deployed.
Other features
None
Benefits
Operators can manage all 5G NEs in the network management center, which effectively
reduces operating expense (OPEX).
Benefits
This function can be used for local maintenance of the gNodeB when centralized management
on the U2020 is unavailable, the transmission between the U2020 and the gNodeB is
unavailable, or onsite operations are required to handle a fault.
The download process may take some time because of the limited bandwidth of the
operation and maintenance (OM) link, but this does not affect services.
On the U2020 client, run the software activation command.
The gNodeB automatically loads the software onto the target boards and activates it. The
boards are then reset, and services on the boards are interrupted.
The two steps can be performed separately. For example, users can download the software
package in the daytime and activate the software at midnight. Performing these operations
separately helps reduce the risk of software upgrade failures and the impact of any potential
service interruptions.
Benefits
gNodeB software can be installed and upgraded and their versions can be managed efficiently
and correctly.
Benefits
The gNodeB hot patches fix software bugs without interrupting ongoing services.
Benefits
With this function, operators can purchase licenses for optional features to provide optimal
network performance.
Benefits
This function helps operators handle a sudden traffic increase in situations such as sporting
events or holidays by increasing available radio network resources temporarily. In this way,
the capacity can be adjusted according to the actual usage, thereby saving the cost.
Operators can browse real-time alarm information, query historical alarm information, and
save alarm information. The online help provides detailed troubleshooting methods for each
type of alarms.
Benefits
This function provides automatic fault monitoring and handling of the gNodeB and enables
automatic fault monitoring of the equipment in NEs. With real-time alarm lists and alarm logs,
operators can have a comprehensive view of the network actual status at any time.
Benefits
This function provides online and offline configuration functions and an overview of current
network status to implement rapid network deployment, capacity expansion, and network
reconfiguration.
Benefits
Performance management effectively monitors network performance to complete network
troubleshooting and optimization. Real-time KPI monitoring is a more effective function that
helps users quickly locate performance-related issues.
Benefits
Operators can obtain precise inventory data from the live network in a timely manner for
decision making.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
None
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
The LMT requires a web browser, and the MAE-Access is deployed.
Other features
None
Benefits
Base stations report the energy consumption status to the OSS. Therefore, operators can
remotely monitor the energy consumption of base stations without the need to deploy
dedicated electricity meters. With the energy consumption report, operators can exactly know
the benefits provided by energy conservation.
After energy conservation and emission reduction functions are enabled for base stations,
operators can use the energy consumption management function to evaluate the energy-saving
effect.
Description
This feature enables certain power supply units (PSUs) to be powered on or off according to
the power consumption of a base station, reducing power consumption.
Benefits
Where there is light traffic, the base station can power off some PSUs to save power. If a base
station has three PSUs, enabling this feature when the traffic is light can reduce power
consumption by 4%–5%.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
Hardware
This feature applies to macro base stations.
LampSite base stations do not support this feature.
UE
None
Core network
None
Other NEs
None
Other features
None
ACK acknowledgment
AH Authentication Header
CA Carrier aggregation
CC Component carrier
CP Cyclic Prefix
EF Expedited Forwarding
HO Handover
IP PM IP Performance Monitoring
IPsec IP Security
OI Overload Indicator
OOK On-Off-Keying
PF Proportional Fair
PM Performance Measurement
RA Random Access
RB Resource Block
RF Radio Frequency
RS Reference Signal
RV Redundancy Version
Rx Receive
Tx Transmission
UE User Equipment
6 Appendix