Jakarta, February 2014

2G Logical Channel
Logical Channel

Traffic Channel

Control Channel

FR/HR

BCH

FCCH

SCH

CCCH

BCCH

PCH

AGCH

DCCH

RACH

CBCH

SDCCH

SACCH

FACCH

EFR

AMR

Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)
Direction : downlink, point to multi point
BTS : transmit a carrier frequency
MS : identifies BCCH carrier by the carrier frequency and synchronizes
with the frequency

Synchronization Channel (SCH)

Direction : downlink, point to multi point
BTS : transmit information about the TDMA frame structure in a cell (e.g.
frame number) and the BTS identity (BSIC)
MS : synchronizes with the frame structure within a particular cell, and
ensures that the chosen BTS is a GSM BTS BSIC can only be decoded by an
MS if the BTS belongs to a GSM network

Broadcast Channel (BCH)

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Direction : downlink, point to multi point
BTS : broadcast some general cell information such as LAI, maximum
output power allowed in the cell and the identity of BCCH carriers for
neighboring cell
MS : receives LAI and will signal to the network as part of the Location
Updating procedure if the LAI is different to the one already stored on its
SIM. MS sets its output power level based on the information received on
the BCCH. The MS stores the list of BCCH carrier frequencies on which Rx
Level measurement is done for handover decision.

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Paging Channel (PCH)
Direction : downlink, point to multi point
BTS : transmit a paging message to indicate an incoming call or short
message. The paging message contain the identity number of the mobile
subscriber that the network wishes to contact
MS : at certain time interval the MS listen to the PCH. If it identifies its
own mobile subscriber identity number on the PCH, it will respond.

Random Access Channel (RACH)

Direction : uplink, point to point
BTS : receives access request from MS for call setup / location update /
SMS
MS : answers paging message on the RACH by requesting a signaling
channel

Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Access Granted Channel (AGCH)
Direction : downlink, point to point
BTS : assigns a signaling channel (SDCCH) to the MS
MS : receives signaling channel assignment (SDCCH)

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)
Direction : uplink and downlink, point to point
BTS : the BTS switches to the assigned SDCCH, used for call setup
signaling. SDCCH is also used for SMS messages to MS
MS : the MS switches to the assigned SDCCH, call setup is
performed. The MS receives a TCH assignment information (carrier
and time slot)

Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH)

Direction : downlink, point to multi point
BTS : uses this logical channel to transmit short message service cell
broadcast
MS : receives cell broadcast message

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)

Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)
Direction : uplink and downlink, point to point
BTS : instruct the MS on the allowed transmitter power and
parameters for time advance. SACCH is used for SMS during a call
MS : sends averaged measurements on its own BTS (signal strength
and quality) and neighboring BTSs (signal strength). The MS
continues to use SACCH for this purpose during a call

Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)

Direction : uplink and downlink, point to point
BTS : transmits handover information
MS : transmits necessary handover information in access burst

TDMA Multi Frame

There are two types of TDMA multi-frame :
26 TDMA frame multi-frame (120 ms) used to carry
TCH, SACCH, and FACCH (A.K.A. TCH multi-frame)
52 TDMA frame multi-frame (235 ms) used to carry
BCCH, CCCH, SDCCH, and SACCH (A.K.A. CCH multiframe)

TRX Configuration

TRX0

fo

BCH+CCCH

SDCCH

TS0

TS1

TCH

TS2

TS3

TS4

TS5

TS6

TS7

TS4

TS5

TS6

TS7

TS4

TS5

TS6

TS7

TCH

TRX1

f1

TS0

TS1

TS2

TS3
TCH

TRX2

f2

TS0

TS1

TS2

TS3

B B B B C

CCCH

BCCH

TS0

FCCH
SCH

Channel Combination SDCCH/8

C
0

S C

C
3

C
3

C
3

C
3

C
0

C
4

0
8

C
4

S C

C
1

C
1

C
1

C
1

C
2

C
2

C
2

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

C
4

S C

C
5

C
5

C
5

C
5

C
6

C
6

C
6

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Idle
F

S C

C
7

C
7

C
7

C
7

C
8

C
8

C
8

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

Channel Combination SDCCH/8

SDCCH
TS1

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
0

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

SACCH
D D D D D D D D D D D D A A A A A A A A
5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

Idle
A A A A A A A A I
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

FCCH
SCH

Channel Combination SDCCH/4

TS0

BCCH

CCCH

B B B B C

C
0

C
0

C
0

S C

C
1

C
1

C
1

C
1

C
2

C
2

C
2

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

SDCCH
F

S D D D D D D D D F
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

S D D D D D D D D
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

SACCH
F

Idle

S A A A A A A A A I
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

T A

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

T0

A
T1
0

T0 :
T1 :

T1
2

T1
4

Subscriber 0
Subscriber 1

T1
6

T1
8

T1

Idle

TCH H

SACCH

Idle

TCH F

SACCH

TCH F & TCH H

I
T1

T1

T1

T1

T1

T1

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Capacity Dimensioning TCH

Step by step proses (1)
Jumlah kanal
Full Rate

Jumlah kanal
Half Rate

Jumlah kanal
GPRS Dedicated

Erlang Offered
(TCH)

Erlang Offered (TCH)=npErlbTraf(2%,Full Rate+(Half Rate*2)-Dedicated GPRS Channel)

TCH Traffic
Busy Hour

Erlang Offered
(TCH)

TCH Utilization

Capacity Dimensioning TCH

Step by step proses (2)
Kebutuhan kanal TCH
dengan utilisasi 80%
dari Busy Hour Traffic

TCH Traffic
Busy Hour

Kebutuhan kanal TCH =npErlbChs(TCH Traffic Busy Hour+(20%*TCH Traffic Busy Hour),2%)

Kebutuhan kanal TCH

dengan utilisasi 80%
dari Busy Hour Traffic

Jumlah kanal
Full Rate

Jumlah kanal
Half Rate

Jumlah kanal
GPRS Dedicated

Add/Reduce TCH

Capacity Dimensioning SDCCH

Step by step proses (1)

Jumlah kanal
SDCCH

Erlang Offered
(SDCCH)

Erlang Offered (SDCCH)=npErlbTraf(2%,(Jumlah kanal SDCCH*8))

SDCCH Traffic
Busy Hour

Max SDCCH
Traffic

VS

Average SDCCH
Traffic

Erlang Offered
(SDCCH)

Max SDCCH
Traffic

SDCCH
Utilization

Capacity Dimensioning SDCCH

Step by step proses (2)
Kebutuhan kanal SDCCH
dengan utilisasi 80%
dari Busy Hour Traffic

Max SDCCH
Traffic

Kebutuhan kanal SDCCH =ROUNDUP(npErlbChs(Max SD+(20%*Max SD),2%)/8,0)

Kebutuhan kanal SDCCH

dengan utilisasi 80%
dari Busy Hour Traffic

Jumlah
SDCCH

Add/Reduce SDCCH

Capacity Dimensioning PDCH

We knew that data throughput of a single allocated
timeslot is 22.8 Kbps
Payload per hour is 22.8 * 3600 = 82080 Kbit = 80.156
Mbit = 10.02 MB
82080 Kbit 1 Erlang

Capacity Dimensioning PDCH

Jumlah kanal
GPRS Dedicated

Jumlah kanal
GPRS Dynamic

Erlang Offered
(PDCH)

Erlang Offered (PDCH)=npErlbTraf(2%,Dedicated GPRS Channel+Dynamic GPRS Channel)

PDCH Traffic
Busy Hour

Erlang Offered
(PDCH)

Decision to add or reduce PDCH usually is not triggered by PDCH

utilization but :
- 2G data accessibility
- Multi slot blocking
- 2G data Throughput
- TCH or SDCCH utilization

PDCH
Utilization

Capacity Dimensioning PCH (SDCCH/4)

SDCCH/4 has 3 block CCCH

1 block is usually used for AGCH
2 block can be used for paging (PCH)
Each paging block can fit 4 TMSI or 2 IMSI
Assuming no second paging (IMSI), total paging is 8 (4*2) in
every 51 frame multi-frame
51 frame multi-frame = 235 ms
Paging capacity in one hour = 3600 s / 0.235 s * 8 = 122.553
paging per hour
Assuming maximum allowed paging load is 80% of the
theoretical paging capacity to give room for all originated BTS
to do retransmissions, max paging allowed = 80% * 122.553 =
98.042 paging per hour

Capacity Dimensioning PCH (SDCCH/8)

SDCCH/4 has 9 block CCCH
Assuming 2 block used for AGCH 7 block can be used
for paging (PCH)
Each paging block can fit 4 TMSI or 2 IMSI
Assuming no second paging (IMSI), total paging is 28
(4*7) in every 51 frame multi-frame
51 frame multi-frame = 235 ms
Paging capacity in one hour = 3600 s / 0.235 s * 28 =
428.936 paging per hour

Multiple / Extended CCCH

Multiple / extended CCCH make it possible to configure
additional CCCH per cell. This provided increased CCCH
capacity in cell where this is required.
Multiple / extended CCCH provides some benefit
Significantly increases paging capacity per cell
handle more connection setup, such speech calls, SMS and PS transfer

Beneficial in cells with :

High PS traffic load
Cells at LA border

BSC Load
The most important parameter to be monitored in BSC
in processor load :

Processor load for control plane (signaling)

Processor load for user plane (user traffic)
Processor load for PS service
Processor load for interface

Processor load threshold may vary for different vendor

Quiz
1.

Sebuah cell mengalami SDCCH Blocking. Saat ini cell

tersebut dialokasikan satu kanal SDCCH. Pada saat
busy hour traffic SDCCH yang harus dilewatkan
sebesar 14.5 erlang. Dengan menggunakan GOS 2%
berapa jumlah kanal SDCCH harus ditambah ?

2.

Sebuah cell mengalami TCH Blocking. Saat ini

terdapat 14 kanal TCH pada cell tersebut. Pada saat
busy hour traffic TCH yang harus dilewatkan sebesar
18 erlang. Dengan menggunakan GOS 2% berapa
jumlah TRX yang harus ditambah pada cell tersebut ?

HALF RATE TRAFFIC

TCH DEFINE FULL RATE

.01
.25
.02
6.55
.88
1.57
9.46
3.99
4.84
4.19
3.29
.00
1.12
.00
.00
.00
22.00
21.00
21.00
29.00
29.00
29.00
37.00
37.00

SDCCH DEFINE

2.89
2.69
2.11
1.71
3.39
2.24
.65
.56
32.00
40.00
40.00
15.00
16.00
15.00
15.00
15.00

%UTILIZATION SDCCH

OFFERED LOAD SDCCH GoS 1%

SDCCH TRAFFIC

%HR PENETRATION

%UTILIZATION DUAL RATE TCH 70% FR 30% HR GoS 2%

%UTILIZATION FULL RATE TCH GoS 2%

DUAL RATE OFFERED LOAD TCH 70% FR 30% HR GoS 2%

FULL RATE OFFERED LOAD TCH GoS 2%

%UTILIZATION DUAL RATE TCH 70% FR 30% HR GoS 5%

%UTILIZATION FULL RATE TCH_GoS 5%

DUAL RATE OFFERED LOAD TCH 70% FR 30% HR GoS 5%

FULL RATE OFFERED LOAD TCH GoS 5%

FULL RATE TRAFFIC

59973
59972
59971
58563
58562
58561
57106
57105

TCH TRAFFIC

CI

Quiz

Quiz
1.

What condition that is required LAC splitting and

what condition that is required to activate multiple /
extended CCCH ?

2.

In SDCCH/8 configuration, how many paging capacity

per hour if the AG block = 2 and 25 % of paging
attempt is second paging ?

28

Short Quiz 8 (Capacity Dimensioning)

Dengan menggunakan add in NPFun32. Isilah tabel dibawah ini.

0 13 16

22356

0 13 16

24084

2 10

24085

24086

24091
24092

14.905

2.035 1.435

5.575

0.425 0.415

3 16

9.695

0.95 0.555

2 11 16

16.465

1.84 1.345

0 12 16

19.88

3.16 2.515

2 13

0 16

2 13

0 16

SD Util

SD Traffic Ave

SDCCH

0.87

TCH

1.04

Total Channel

SD Traffic BH

# dedicated GPRS TS

22355

Add/Reduce SDCCH

8.01

Total # of SD Now

0 13 16

SD Util 80% - Need # of SD

Add/Reduce TCH

Utilization Capacity Dimensioning

Total # of TCH Now

SumOf# of SDCCH

TRAFFIC

TCH Util 80% - Need # of TCH

SumOf#ofTRX HR

22354

TCH Traffic BH

SumOf#ofTRX

TRAFFIC Utilization

Max SD Traffic

Erlang
Offer

cellId

SumOf# of DR Chn

Channel Data

TCH Utilization

TRX
Data

SumOf# of FR Chn

1.