GA1381 Fasteners Guide 0909

Fasteners: A Complete Guide
A complete guide to understand and specify fasteners for light-frame construction
|| INTRODUCTION ||
This Guide is intended to facilitate the selection of appropriate Stanley Bostitch fasteners in wood-frame construction. Appropriate fastener selection and installation leads to more durable, stronger, and safer buildings.
ight-frame buildings are loaded by vertical and horizontal forces. Examples of vertical forces are dead weight of the building materials and snow. Lateral forces include those induced by wind and seismic ground motions. Wind forces cause uplift on the roof, wall racking and wall bending. Seismic motions cause racking in the walls as a result of the vertical and horizontal ground motions. The walls, oor(s), and roof act together to resist forces at the foundation. The building resists forces only when there is a continuous load path from the point where the force is imposed to the foundation where the force is resisted. A continuous load path is the interconnected framing and sheathing from the roof through
[a]
[b]
[c]
Light-frame structure with (a) gravity loads, (b) wind loads, (c) seismic loads. Fasteners are crucial to the continuous load path.
Stanley Bostitch fasteners are engineered to exceed the performance expectations in application and for optimal performance in Stanley Bostitch tools. Our goal is to continually increase productivity and quality of building practices, and to ensure building code compliance. Our team of engineers lead the industry in innovation and design. Utilizing our advanced laboratory, they conduct extensive testing to study the effects of storm forces and other weather conditions in order to develop high performance fasteners for a wide variety of applications.
Stanley Bostitch fasteners are continually evaluated to assess quality and performance
[[ Introduction ]]
the walls to the foundation. A building that is not attached, or poorly attached, to the foundation, can slide or overturn when subjected to lateral forces. Walls that are designed to resist vertical and lateral loads are called shear walls. The roof and oors are called diaphragms, or sometimes referred to as horizontal diaphragms, even though they may be pitched, e.g., a gable roof. Fasteners are often the last thing considered in designing and building a wood-frame structure. However, they are critical to the load path and the long-term building performance. Whether your objective is to reduce the chance of a squeaky oor, minimize corrosion, or reduce the potential of high wind or earthquake related damage; the proper fastener selection can affect these objectives. The fasteners listed in this Guide are manufactured by Stanley Fastening Systems and are sold under the trademark Stanley Bostitch. Stanley Bostitch nails and staples can be used for structural and nonstructural woodto-wood connections. Connections between wood and other engineering materials, such as steel, plastics, etc. are also possible with engineering design following the design methods of the National Design Specication for Wood Construction (NDS). The Stanley Bostitch Fasteners: A complete guide to understand and specify fasteners for light-frame construction describes standard nail and staple applications that are in compliance with the following model building codes: > 2006 International Building Code (IBC) > 2006 International Residential
Code (IRC) > BOCA National Building Code 1999 (BNBC) > 1999 Standard Building Code (SBC) > 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC) > 1998 International One and Two Family Dwelling Code (IOTFDC) > City of Los Angeles > Florida Building Code The newest evaluation report for HurriQuake nails is ER-120, and it shows compliance to the 2006 IBC, 2006 IRC, SSTD-10 1999, Florida Building Code (2007), and the California Building Code (2007). Evaluation reports ER-120 and ESR-2020 have withdrawal and shear single fastener design functions and framing connections, and the diaphragm and shear wall allowable shear values reect the engineering performance of the HurriQuake nails.
Copyright 2009 by Stanley Bostitch Limited Warranty: U.S. and Canada Only Stanley Fastening Systems L.P . (Stanley Bostitch) warrants purchased products to be free from defects in material and workmanship. Stanley Bostitch products are further warranted for adequacy of design when used in accordance with the applicable model building codes, ESR 1539, ESR 2020, ER-120 and when properly specied, installed and maintained. This warranty does not apply to uses not in compliance with specic applications modied products, or to product deterioration due to environmental conditions. Properly installed Stanley Bostitch products will meet performance expectations established by National Design Specication for Wood Construction 2005. Due to the variety of potential loading scenarios, structural design, building materials selected for construction, the quality of construction methods and other conditions surrounding the structure within the location, structural damage may still occur. All warranty responsibilities of Stanley Bostitch shall be limited, at Stanley Bostitchs option, to repair or replacement of the defective fastener product, and such repair or replacement shall constitute Stanley Bostitchs sole obligation to purchaser under this warranty. In no event will Stanley Bostitch be responsible for incidental, consequential, or special loss or damage, however caused. This warranty IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS or IMPLiED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. STANLEY BOSTITCH SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF ITS PRODUCTS, AND THE CONSUMERS USE OF SUCH PRODUCTS SHALL CONSTITUTE AGREEMENT TO THE TERMS OF THIS WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES. Modied and Custom Products Engineers, builders or other consumers who modify products, or use custom products requested from and provided by Stanley Bostitch shall, regardless of any instructions to the user, indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Stanley Bostitch for any and all claimed loss or damage occurring with the use of custom or modied products.
Stanley Fastening Systems L.P. | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 | www.bostitch.com
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[[ Table of Contents ]]
|| TABLE OF CONTENTS ||
Chapter
Introduction List of Tables List of Figures 1 2 3 HurriQuake Nails Construction Nails and Staples Wood Construction Materials > Fastener Performance and Specic Gravity > Fastening Engineered Wood Products Single-Fastener Connection Geometry Fastener Corrosion Resistance Fastener Selection and Substitution Single-Nail Withdrawal Design Single-Fastener Connection Lateral Shear Design > Sheathing-to-Framing Connections > Connection for 2x-members of the Same Specic Gravity Prescriptive Framing Connections > Framing: Floors > Framing: Walls > Framing: Ceiling and Roofs Fastening Metal Hardware Diaphragm Design > 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood > 7/16 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood > 15/32 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood > 7/8 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood > 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing > 15/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing > 19/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing > 23/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing Shear Wall Design > 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood > 7/16 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood > 15/32 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood > 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing > 15/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing > 19/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing Wind Resistance Stanley Bostitch Product Codes Appendix 1. Building Code Acronyms Appendix 2. Glossary
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|| LIST OF TABLES ||
Table
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Table
14 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 7/8 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood.
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Comparison of Common, Box, and Sinker nail dimensions (inches) of the same pennyweight. Important properties for connection design with typical visually graded wood materials used in the US. and Canada for residential framing. Nail withdrawal values for normal duration loads, lbf/inch of penetration in the main member. Single fastener shear values, Z (lbf), for typical sheathing products by wood species specic gravity. Design functions for single-fastener shear connections made with HurriQuake Nails. Normal duration lateral shear capacity, Z (lbf), for face nailed 2-by lumber connections of the same specic gravity. Prescriptive oor framing connections. Prescriptive wall framing connections. Prescriptive roof and ceiling framing connections. Reference lateral design values, Z (lbf) for Stanley Bostitch MCN nails used in steel-to-wood connections for typical wood specic gravities. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 7/16 OSB or Structural I Plywood. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 15/32 OSB or Structural I Plywood.
5 15 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing. 16 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 15/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing. 17 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 19/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing. 18 Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic, Sheathing: 23/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing. 19 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ ft), Sheathing: 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood. 20 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft),Sheathing: 7/16 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood. 21 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ ft), Sheathing: 15/32 OSB or Structural 1 Plywood 22 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ ft), Sheathing: 3/8 Plywood Rated Sheathing 23 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ ft), Sheathing: 15/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing 24 Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ ft), Sheathing: 19/32 Plywood Rated Sheathing 25 Roof sheathing fastening requirements for compliance with IBC and IRC 26 HurriQuake fastening requirements for compliance in wind zones up to 170 mph (3-s. gust) with Exposures B and C 30
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[[ Table of Contents ]]
|| LIST OF FIGURES ||
Figure
1 HurriQuake 1 nail, 2-1/2 x 0.113 , showing the dual shank technology and large embossed head. Head markings for HurriQuake nails. The ve characteristics of a HurriQuake nail. Characteristics and dimensions of driven fasteners. Examples of nails with ring shank and screw shank. Geometry of a single-fastener face-nail connection. Toe-nail connection geometry. Grain direction in an end-nail connection. The arrows indicate grain direction in each member. Excerpt from the Guide, Section 9, Table 8, Prescriptive Wall Framing Connections. Table locator worksheet to identify the applicable table for sheathing fastener design requirements. Table 20 from Guide, Section 12 for shear walls with 7/16 OSB sheathing subject to wind and seismic loadings. Table 17 from Guide, Section 11 for diaphragms with 19/32 plywood sheathing subject to wind and seismic loading. Illustration of the MCN nail head identication marking. Sheathing and framing layouts for the six diaphragm cases. Roof zones for use with prescriptive nailing schedules of Tables 24 and 25; roof zones for UBC, IBC, and IRC. For gable roofs slope 7, shaded area is zone 1, for gable roof 7 < slope 45, shaded area is zone 2.
Fasteners: A complete guide
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Stanley-Bostitch is committed to sustainable construction through its fastener innovation. We believe that fasteners can be engineered far beyond todays existing standards. We believe this because we have already created the fastener of tomorrow. Building to a higher standard will reduce the materials, energy, and money used to repair the damages caused by Mother Natures wrath. HurriQuake nails will have a profound effect on an individuals personal safety as well as the environment. The patented deformations of the shank and head allow performance equivalent to or exceeding more common nails while using 40% less steel*. These high performance fasteners withstand destructive forces under extreme conditions such as hurricanes, tornadoes, or earthquakes. Independent research has shown that the use of HurriQuake fasteners provide a stronger, more disaster-resistant structure. This unique fastener can enable an engineer, architect, or builder to select thinner sheathing while increasing the load capacity. It can even increase daylight views via stronger walls and larger windows and eliminate the need for potentially VOC-rich glue on the oors to avoid squeaks. Look for the highlighted areas throughout this guide as an indicator of High Performance Structural Fasteners.
*comparing 2 1/2 x .113 HurriQuake nails to 3 x .131 standard nails.
Figure 1. The HurriQuake 1 nail, 2 1/2 x 0.113, showing the dual shank technology and large embossed head.
Figure 2. Head markings for HurriQuake nails
[[ HurriQuake Nails ]]
C 1
Shear Shank Technology Shear plane area optimized to HurriQuake nails have ve distinguishing enhance capacity characteristics Deformation under head to minimize (Figure 3): movement of structure
HurriQuake Nails are wire nails used for connections in light-frame buildings. The nails are in compliance with ASTM F1667 for bending yield strength as well as physical and mechanical properties and dimensional tolerances. They are designed for wood-to-wood connections or to connect engineered materials-to-engineered materials. The connections may be structural or non-structural. Structural wood-to-wood connections are to meet the requirements of the National Design Specication for Wood Construction.
Figure 3. The ve characteristics of a HurriQuake nail.
1 Ring shank that is deformed from the tip to 1-1/2 from the tip 2 Round wire shank that is the nominal wire diameter Deep Ring Technology that extends from the ring-shank portion Maximizes holding power 3 Five-sided uted spiral-shank that extends from the round shank to the bottom of the head 4 Over-sized full-round head 5 Embossed identication on the head
The aggressive ring-shank and large head combine to give the HurriQuake fasteners signicantly improved shear withdrawal, and pull-through resistance as compared to other framing and sheathing nails. The HurriQuake nail products are produced in two nominal diameters (0.113 and 0.131) and are available bright and hot-dip zinc galvanized. The collated HurriQuake products are intended to be used in Stanley Bostitch pneumatic tools but can be used in other manufacturer tools as well. The 2-1/2x0.113 product (HQ1) is pictured in Figure 1 and the head identications are shown in Figure 2. HurriQuake Nails are the subject of two evaluation reports, ESR-2020 (ICC-ES) and ER-0120 (IAPMO-ES). These documents show compliance IBC/IRC 2006 and SSTD-10 1999. ER-0120 also shows compliance with the Florida Building Code (2007) and California Building Code (2007). Information from the evaluation reports is used in this Guide. Also, they are the subject of City of Los Angeles Research Report 25660. Stanley Bostitch recommends the builder, architect, and engineer make HurriQuake Nails the rst choice when making wood-to-wood connections.
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[[ Co
|| CONSTRUCTION NAILS & STAPLES ||
Driven fasteners for construction includes two groups of fasteners: nails and staples. The general features of nails and staples are illustrated with the appropriate dimensional measurements in Figure 4. Most nails and staples are made from low carbon steel wire. Some nails are made from medium or high carbon wire so that they can be effectively hardened. These nails are made to penetrate materials other than wood.
ails are sometimes referred to using the pennyweight terminology, for example16d or8d . In earlier times, this terminology was used to refer to the penny cost per 100 nails. In contemporary engineering, the pennyweight terminology cannot be used for reliable specication of fasteners. Now the pennyweight designation generally refers to nail length but it does not confer information about the shank diameter or the head characteristics. The expressionscommon, box, andsinker have generally accepted understanding as published in the National Design Specication for Wood Construction (NDS). In general, common and box nails have a at under-head geometry while sinker nails have a pronounced convex under-head geometry. See Table 1 for the dimensions assumed by the NDS for dimensions of typical construction nails. Common nails have larger shank diameters that the box and sinker nails. Correct specication of nails includes the nominal length and the nominal diameter. If only pennyweight is specied, insufcient information is conveyed. For example, if a building plan calls for the nails to be8d, then the builder could use the 8d common (2-1/2x0.131), the 8d box (2-1/2x0.113), or the 8d sinker (2-3/8x0.113). The result will affect the performance of the building system. The HurriQuake nails are unique so they can be easily specied as HQ1 or HQ2, but complete specication of other smooth and deformedshank nails should provide length and diameter. Staples are called out by length, crown width, and wire diameter where the wire is usually referenced by gauge as opposed to measured diameter. Staple wire is typically attened in manufacturing, so a staple cross section is not round. Typical staple gauges are given in ASTM F1667-05 where the specication is for nominal thickness and width. For example, a 16-gauge staple has a nominal thickness of 0.0563 and a nominal width of 0.064 , and a 14-gauge staple has nominal thickness of 0.0725 and a width of 0.0855 . The building codes require staple crown width greater than or equal to 7/16 , a leg length of at least 1-1/2 , and staple installation with the crown parallel to the framing member. Nail Shank Deformations Most construction nails have smooth shanks. Shank deformations are used to enhance the fastener performance, especially withdrawal resistance. Improved withdrawal resistance also can contribute to enhanced shear resistance for many construction situations. Deformed shank nails are referred to asring orscrew shank nails depending on the deformations (Figure 5). Ring-shank nails have an annular ring deformation. The rings are generally 0.005 to 0.010 greater diameter than the nominal diameter of the fastener. Screw-shank nails have shanks with utes that twist around the shank in a screw-like geometry. The screw-shank geometry is less common than the ring-shank geometry in construction nails. Construction nails with deformed shanks are generally made with low carbon wire and have bending yield strengths typical of smooth shank nails of the same nominal diameter. In engineering design, generic deformed-shank nails have withdrawal capacities that are 10% greater than smoothshank nails of the same diameters and no extra allowance is made for shear capacity. The fastener industry has no standard for shank deformations, and as a result, the engineering properties of generic deformed-shank nails cannot be generalized beyond the minimum increase. On the other hand, the HurriQuake nails have design withdrawal properties that are over 100% greater than smooth-shank nails of the same diameter and length. The shear capacities of the HurriQuake nails are also substantially greater than smooth-shank nails. These greater values are assigned because the HurriQuake nails are made to exacting specications, manufactured under a strict quality program, and the engineering properties are based on extensive testing by an accredited third-party laboratory as required to obtain an evaluation report.
onstruction Nails & Staples ]]

Table 1. Comparison of Common, Box, and Sinker nail dimensions (inches) of the same pennyweight.
Type Common Feature 6d Length Diameter Head Box Length Diameter Head Sinker Length Diameter Head 2 0.113 0.226 2 0.099 0.266 1-7/8 0.092 0.234 8d 2-1/2 0.131 0.281 2-1/2 0.113 0.297 2-3/8 0.113 0.266 Pennyweight 10d 3 0.148 0.312 3 0.128 0.312 2-7/8 0.120 0.281
12d 3-1/4 0.148 0.312 3-1/4 0.128 0.312 3-1/8 0.135 0.312
16d 3-1/2 0.162 0.344 3-1/2 0.135 0.344 3-1/4 0.148 0.344
C 2
Figure 4. Characteristics and dimensions of driven fasteners.
Figure 5. Examples of ring-shanked and screw-shank nails.
Head
Head Diameter Head Thickness Crown width Crown
Shank Leg Nail Length Shank diameter Wire gauge Length
Point
Tip
Ring shank
Screw shank
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[[ Woo
|| WOOD CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ||
3.1 Fastener Performance and Specic Gravity Fastener performance is strongly inuenced by the specic gravity of the main and side members of a wood-to-wood mechanical connection. Specic gravity is the ratio of the weight density of a wood object to the weight density of water (1000 kg/m3). Specic gravity can be thought of as a measure of the amount of wood material present. The weight density of wood depends on the moisture condition of the wood.
ood is not a homogeneous material within a single tree or between trees. Each species of wood has a characteristic specic gravity that was assigned based on sampling and measurement of the wood species over its geographic range. Most commercial species used in North America have a specic gravity in the range of 0.35 to 0.60. The commercial specic gravity assignment represents the average of many growth years and many trees. In general, a species of wood with lots of wood material present in a measured volume (high specic gravity) will hold its fasteners better in withdrawal than a wood that has less wood material in a measured volume (low specic gravity). The model building codes require that the lumber must be stress graded to be used for building construction. The American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC) administers the grade marking program for structural lumber under PS 20 (Voluntary Product Standard 20, American Softwood Lumber Standard). The ALSC uses the consensus processes of the U.S. Department of Commerce to provide manufacturers and users of softwood lumber with a process by which the product standard can be formulated and implemented. To facilitate engineering practice, species that are from the same geographical area and that have the same engineering properties are pooled asspecies groups. For example, Douglas Fir-Larch is a species group comprised of Douglas-r and Larch, and Southern Pine is a species group of four species of Southern Pine (Loblolly Pine, Longleaf Pine, Shortleaf Pine, and Slash Pine). The species of each commercial species group are listed in the NDS Supplement. There are 49 species groups listed in the NDS Supplement. Each commercial species group has a characteristic specic gravity. The characteristic specic gravity is used in the calculation of withdrawal design values and to identify the dowel bearing capacity of mechanical fasteners, which is used to determine the lateral shear resistance of fasteners. Some of the typical US species groups are listed in Table 2 with the characteristic specic gravity and dowel bearing values. A high specic gravity wood has a high dowel bearing strength and a low specic gravity wood has a lower dowel bearing strength. Exceptions to this are found primarily among engineered wood products. In Table 2, the column labeledFastener Group is a terminology that is carried over from legacy design documents and is still found in some of the legacy building codes and at least one table in this document that is based on a legacy code. Prior to 1991, every wood species was assigned to aFastener Group based on its strength and stiffness. This practice was abandoned in 1991 because the design practice was changed in the 1991 NDS to the use of the European Yield Mode Equations, and the notion of aFastener Group became obsolete. 3.2 Fastening Engineered Wood Products Engineered wood products are manufactured by combining wood with adhesives under heat and pressure. Typical engineered wood products are plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), glue-laminated timber (glulam), I-joists, and structural composite lumber. These products behave differently than sawn wood and some special considerations may be required for fasteners especially for the structural composite lumber products. Structural composite lumber (SCL) comes in several varieties: oriented strand lumber (OSL), laminated strand lumber (LSL), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and parallel strand lumber (PSL). These products are proprietary products and are differentiated by the form of the wood that is used. For
od Construction Materials ]]
Wood Species Group Spruce / Pine / Fir (South) Western Woods Englemann Spruce / Lodgepole Pine Eastern Hemlock Spruce / Pine / Fir Hemlock / Fir Austrian Spruce Austrian Spruce / Scots Pine 2 Western Hemlock Douglas Fir / Larch North Douglas Fir / Larch Scots Pine
1,2 3 3 1
Table 2. Important properties for connection design with typical visually graded wood materials used in the U.S. and Canada for residential framing.
Specic Gravity, G 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.47 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.55 Fastener Group4 IV IV IV III III III III III III II II II II Dowel Bearing Strength, Fe (psi) 2550 2550 2800 3200 3350 3500 3500 3500 4150 4450 4650 4650 5550
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Southern Pine
Source: Austria and Czech Republic Source: Austria, Czech Republic, Romania, Ukraine 4 Based on NDS 1986, Table 8.1A
example, LVL is made from sheets of veneer, PSL is made from veneer strands, OSL is made from large akes. SCL products are used as substitutes for dimension lumber and timbers in construction, e.g., headers, stair treads, joists, rafters, posts, collector girders, even studs in tall walls. They can also be resawn and used as components of other products. For example, the anges of an I-joist are usually either an LVL or an LSL product. The anatomy of SCL products is three-dimensional, so the fastener performance will be different if the fastener enters through the face or the edge or the end of the product. Just as sawn lumber has a specic gravity that is assigned for connection design, SCL products have specic gravity assigned for connection design. In fact, SCL products might have multiple specic gravities assigned depending on orientation of the fastener to the wood materials. The specic gravity used for connection design in SCL products is called the Equivalent Specic Gravity. Equivalent specic gravity
values and general fastening instructions are published in the SCL manufacturers evaluation report. The manufacturers of these products are experts in wood materials, not fasteners, so their general fastener instructions may require careful review when considering fastener solutions.
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[[ Single
|| SINGLE-FASTENER CONNECTION GEOMETRY ||
The engineering performance of nailed and stapled connections is predicated on their geometry and loading. Three basic connections are described: (1) face-nail connection, (2) toe-nail connection, (3) end-nail connection.
he anatomy of a single-fastener face-nail connection is shown in Figure 6 to illustrate the parts of the connection. The main member is the part where the fastener tip is embedded, while the side member is the part that is attached to the main member with the fastener and is between the fastener head and the main member. It is assumed that the fastener has penetrated perpendicular to the grain by entering the main member and the side member through the face grain. It is also assumed that this connection is loaded as shown in Figure 6, where arrows indicate withdrawal, shear, and a combination of withdrawal and shear shown asoff-axis. The withdrawal forces tend to separate the side member from the main member by pulling on the nail. On the other hand, shear forces tend to slide the side member relative to the main member, causing the nail to bend or the main or side member to crush on the nail shank. The off-axis force can result in a combination of events including simultaneous separation of the side member from the main member and sliding of the side member relative to the main member. The engineered performance of the connection assumes that the nail has penetrated the main member by a length at least ten times the shank diameter to generate the full shear capacity of the fastener. The nail is installed with the bottom of the head pressing on the sheathing or the side member, and the nail should not be driven deeper than the head thickness. The toe-nail connection is based on geometry that is shown in Figure 7 . The fastener is driven at an angle of 30 degrees to the side member and at an end distance from the side member so that approximately one-third of the fastener length is in the side member and the rest of the fastener is embedded in the main member. Toe-nail connections can be loaded in shear and withdrawal just like face-nail connections. End-nail connections are like face-nail connections in geometry except that the main member is oriented so that the nail is embedded in the end grain of the wood (Figure 8). These connections are designed to resist only shear. They are not designed to resist withdrawal because end-grain nail withdrawal resistance is highly variable. Figure 6. Geometry of a single-fastener face-nail connection.
Withdrawal Off axis L = Ls+P Grain direction Side member Shear
& Faste
Main member
Grain direction
Figure 7. Toe-nail connection geometry.

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Toe nail connection L Ls=L/3
Lm
Figure 8. Grain direction in an end-nail connection; the arrows indicate grain direction in each member.
End nail connection Grain direction Side member
Main member Grain direction
e-Fastener Connection Geometry ener Corrosion Resistance ]]

|| FASTENER CORROSION RESISTANCE ||
Corrosion is one of the principle means of metal deterioration. It involves any electrochemical process that produces the unintended deterioration of metals starting at the object surface. Corrosion can be caused by exposure to marine environments, chemicals in the wood, wood acidity, elevated moisture in the wood and environment, and even contact between dissimilar metals.
mproper selection of a corrosion resistant fastener can lead to a cosmetic failure such as wood staining or streaking. Far worse, the inappropriate fastener could be a contributor to structural failure. Stainless steel should be the builders, architects or homeowners rst choice when specifying a fastener in a location that is prone to corrosion or staining. Stainless steel provides the best resistance to corrosion over the lifespan of a structure. Steel fasteners can effectively be used in corrosive applications if a barrier or sacricial coating such as zinc is used. The most common form of corrosion protection for steel fasteners is zinc-galvanization. The zinc coating is often nearly pure zinc and can be applied through one of three processes: electrogalvanization, mechanical galvanization, or hot-dip galvanization. One advantage to electro- or mechanical zinc-galvanized nails is that they are often treated with a chromate coating to passivate the zinc, which protects the zinc while the protective stable oxides (zinc carbonates) form on the surface. A zinc coated fastener, when exposed to a corrosive environment, can form a white substance on the surface that is referred to as white rust. White rust, which is visible zinc hydroxide compounds, can occur when fresh zinc is exposed to water. The formation of zinc hydroxide compounds inhibit development of more stable and protective zinc carbonate compounds. Light amounts of white rusting do not harm the long-term corrosion resistance. As corrosion on the fasteners progresses further, red rust can appear on the surface of the fastener. Red rust is the result of iron oxidation and is usually hydrated iron in the form of hydrous ferrous oxide. Red rust only forms on iron and steel products, so red rust on fasteners is the result of oxidation of steel impurities in the zinc coating or exposure of steel base metal. Red rust can cause staining or streaking of the surrounding wood and is an indication that the further protection of the steel fastener is being compromised. The building codes require that steel nails are hot-dip galvanized to ASTM A153, Class D, which is a zinc coating that is an average of 1 oz/ft2 and no individual can be coated with less than 0.85 oz/ft2 zinc. However, certain Stanley Bostitch fasteners use alternate zinc application methods, barrier coatings or combinations of the two. Internal and third party testing has conrmed that Stanley Bostitch THICKCOAT fasteners provide corrosion resistance performance equal to or greater than the ASTM A153 Class D fastener when exposed to moisture, salt and preservative wood chemicals.ESR-1482 and ESR-1539 issued by ICC-ES show that Stanley Bostitch THICKCOAT nails comply with and are suitable alternatives to the nails specied in the codes. When specifying nails for metal connectors, use nails that are compatible with the metal hardware, e.g., use galvanized nails with galvanized hardware, stainless steel nails with stainless steel hardware, and brite nails with bare steel.
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[[ Fastene
|| FASTENER SELECTION AND SUBSTITUTION ||
Fasteners are the critical link in the load path of a building structure. They provide structural integrity and are a major point of energy dissipation under seismic and wind loads. Diligence in fastener specication and installation will affect the building system resistance to expected design loads, such as, wind, seismic loads or the live load of a party on a deck.
n the design process, the designer, whether it is the builder, architect or engineer, determines the loads that the structure could potentially realize and assures the proper fasteners are specied and installed. If one or more of the specied fasteners are not available, the designer needs a method to identify a substitute fastener that will facilitate the designed performance of the structure. The rst step in the fastener selection process is to identify the loads that the structure will realize during its expected lifetime. For instance, a structure built in a hurricane prone coastline will be designed to resist high wind forces, which is a different design problem than heavy snow loads. The geographic location, wind, seismic, and snow load maps, and the local building regulations provide the basis for loads to be considered. An engineer may have to examine several combinations of loads following the building code guidelines to establish the required building system resistance. The second step is to establish minimum fastener size and installation patterns that when combined with the framing and sheathing will resist the expected load. The fastener schedules are not identical for all building codes. The required fasteners of the 40-plus connections in a typical lightframe structure are specic to the controlling building code. This Guide provides fastener solutions that satisfy the IBC and IRC.
Figure 9. Excerpt from the Guide, Chapter 9, Table 8, Prescriptive Wall Framing
Connection Description Top or Sole Plate-to-Stud (7)(E)
top or sole plate-to-stud (7)(E)
HurriQuake Nail HQ1 HQ2 Quantity 3 3
Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38] Length x Diameter (inch) 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 Catalog # RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D131-FH S8D-FH S6D-FH Quantity or Spacing 2 3
Product Code L I G,H G,H F F L I G,H G,H F F G,H D,E D,E B,C
4 3 4
Top or Sole Plate-to-Stud (8)(T)
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.5 x 0.131
HQ2
2.374 x 0.113 2 x 0.113 2.25 x 0.099
er Selection & Substitution ]]

Example
[Fasteners for Framing Connections]
Figure 10. Table locator specication sheet to identify the applicable table for sheathing
Attribute Component Type of sheathing Sheathing thickness Framing spacing Case number (sheathing layout oors and roofs) Blocking (oors and roofs) Framing thickness Species of wood framing Responses Shear wall or Diaphragm OSB, Structural 1 plywood, other 3/8 , 7/16 , 15/32 , 19/32 , 23/32 16 or 24 1,2,3,4,5,6 Yes or No 2 or 3 DF/SP or other Conditions
A light-frame structure is typically assembled with nominal 2-by materials that are the frame for the exterior walls, roof and oors and interior walls. The framing fastener requirements are prescriptive, that is, the fasteners for framing connections can be determined from the framing schedule in the applicable building code subject to the restrictions of the tables. As an example, determine the required fasteners for the stud-to-sole plate connection made by driving the nail through the plate into the stud. To nd the permitted fasteners, nd the appropriate table in Chapter 9 (an excerpt is shown in Figure 9), nd the connection description in the table (highlighted), then select the fastener that works with your tooling and customer requirements. The table illustrated in Figure 9 shows the top plate-to-stud or sole plate-tostud connection can be made as an end-nail connection with the commodity fasteners or HurriQuake nails using quantity listed. For example, two 3.5 x 0.162 nails can be used, or at the same time, three HQ1 fasteners or four 3 x 0.120 nails can be used as substitutes. All of the alternatives listed for each connection will provide perfomance that meets or exceeds the prescribed connection in model building codes. Examples
[Fasteners for Roof, Wall and Floor Sheathing]
a fastener and fastener schedule when either (1) a given shear load is to be resisted or (2) the prescribed fastener must be substituted. Fastener Schedule to Resist a Known Shear Load Finding the fastener and installation schedule in the tables is accomplished by rst completing the worksheet of Figure 10. Follow this procedure to identify suitable alternative fasteners: > Use the component and sheathing information to locate the correct design table. > Scan the design table to nd the design cell(s) that meet or exceed the required shear resistance.
> From the design cell, scan across the row to the left of the table to nd the appropriate fastener and scan up the column to the heading to nd the required nail spacing. As an example, consider that it has been determined that a shear wall needs to resist a shear force of 400 lbf/ft. OSB, 7/16 thickness is the sheathing that is intended to be used on framing spaced 24 inches on center. The framing members are Douglas Fir-Larch. Find the appropriate nails and spacing. First, complete the table locator specication sheet. The completed table locator specication sheet is used to nd Table 20 Guide, Chapter 12
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An example for a shear wall with the determined conditions below.

Attribute Component Type of sheathing Sheathing thickness Framing spacing Case number (sheathing layout oors and roofs) Blocking (oors and roofs) Framing thickness Species of wood framing Responses Shear wall or Diaphragm OSB, Structural 1 plywood, other 3/8 , 7/16 , 15/32 , 19/32 , 23/32 16 or 24 1,2,3,4,5,6 Yes or No 2 or 3 DF/SP or other Conditions Shear wall OSB 7/16 24 NA NA 2 DF
The determination of the correct fasteners for roof, wall, and oor sheathing attachment can also be done using prescriptive tables, but some information about the loads and the framing systems are needed to correctly use the tables. The examples are for selecting
9
[[ Fastene
(Shear wall, 7/16 OSB sheathing), which is the appropriate table for this component built with this specic sheathing and framing. The table is been reproduced in this section for convenience as Figure 11. The highlighted cells reference the fastener at the largest fastener spacing that meets the requirement. Enter the table at the cell that meets the required shear resistance. Look to the left of the table (Product code column) and nd the fasteners that provide the required resistance (HQ1, HQ2 or I). Look up the column to nd the perimeter nail spacing (4 inch). The Product codes can be translated utilizing the Product Code letters in the tables of Bostitch fasteners in Guide, Section 14. In this case, the use of the HQ1 may be a better choice because it minimizes the chance of splitting of the framing members. Fastener Substitution for a Prescribed Fastener The building codes give a fastener schedule based on a sheathing thickness and fastener size for a specic application. However, job site conditions and fastener availability may force the choice of an alternate fastener or a different spacing. The Guide can be used totranslate the code specied prescriptive fastener to an acceptable substitute. For example, if a standard oor is to be built in compliance with the 2006 IRC in a 100 mph wind zone and a seismic category D2, a permissible fastener and spacing would be 2.5 x 0.131 nail at 6 edge and 12 eld spacing. For this example, the building construction is 19/32 Plywood sheathing, 24 on center joist spacing, the joists are DF-L, and the oor is not blocked. In order to determine an equivalent fastener, complete the table locator specication sheet as shown. The design information identies Table 17 in the Guide as the applicable table for fastener alternatives. The table is reproduced as Figure 12 for convenience. First, determine the resistance of the prescriptive code fastener, which is the cell where the prescribed Fastener row intersects with the Unblocked Diaphragm Cases column. This design cell shows 180 lbf/ft as highlighted in Figure 12. Then, any fastener that provides a resistance equal to or greater than 180 lbf/ft can be used. If the diaphragm remains unblocked, HQ1, HQ2, or I (3 x 0.148) are substitutes at the same spacing. Changes in the diaphragm construction
Figure 11. Table 20 from Guide, Chapter 12 for shear walls with 7/16 OSB sheathing subject to wind and seismic loading.
Product code Nail diameter (inches) Minimum fastener length (inches) Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lb/ft) Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches) 6 4 3 Framing spacing: 16 o.c. HQ1 HQ2 HQ1 HQ2 I G,H F D, E B, C A J K 0.113 0.131 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 310 320 265 265 280 260 220 200 160 140 210 170 465 490 415 410 430 390 335 300 240 210 320 260 620 640 Framing spacing: 24 o.c. 530 530 550 520 445 400 320 280 425 345 705 695 730 665 565 510 405 360 540 440 790 835 2
10
er Selection & Substitution ]]

will have an effect on the choice of fastener. For example, by blocking the diaphragm, a small fastener such as an 0.092 diameter can be used at a 4edge and 12 eld spacing, and achieve the same design capacity.
Attribute Component Type of sheathing Sheathing thickness Framing spacing Case number (sheathing layout oors and roofs) Blocking (oors and roofs) Framing thickness Species of wood framing Responses
Conditions Diaphragm Other 19/32 24 Unblocked 2-6 Unblocked 2 DF
Shear wall or Diaphragm OSB, Structural 1 plywood, other 3/8 , 7/16 , 15/32 , 19/32 , 23/32 16 or 24 1,2,3,4,5,6 Yes or No 2 or 3 DF/SP or other
Figure 12. Table 17 from Guide, Chapter 11 for diaphragms with 19/32 plywood sheathing subject to wind and seismic loading.
Fastener Product code Nominal diameter (inch) Minimum length (inches) Framing minimum width (inches) Blocked diaphragms Fastener spacing (in.) at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6) 6 4 2.5 2 Case 1 Cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 210 235 245 275 215 240 180 200 155 175 140 155 115 125 100 115 145 165 115 130 Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4) 6 6 4 3 HQ1 HQ1 HQ2 HQ2 I I G,H G,H F F D,E D,E B,C B,C A A J J K K 16 gauge 1 1/2 15 gauge 0.092 2 1/4 0.099 2 1/4 0.113 2 0.120 3 0.131 2 1/2 0.113 0.131 0.148 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 310 350 365 415 320 360 270 305 230 260 210 235 170 190 150 170 215 245 175 200 415 465 490 550 425 480 360 405 310 350 280 315 225 255 205 230 290 325 235 265 620 695 740 830 640 720 540 605 465 520 420 470 340 380 305 340 435 490 350 395 705 790 835 940 730 820 610 685 525 590 475 535 385 435 345 390 495 555 400 450 Unblocked diaphragms Fasteners spaced 6 maximum at supported edges
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280 310 330 370 285 320 240 270 205 235 185 210 150 170 135 155 195 215 155 175
11
[[ Single-N
|| SINGLE-NAIL WITHDRAWAL DESIGN ||
Withdrawal resistance depends on the specic gravity of the main member in the connection, the nominal fastener diameter, and the penetration length of the fastener into the main member of the connection. The NDS design function is the result of withdrawal testing fasteners (0.099 diameter 0.375) from many commercial species that represent a range of specic gravities (0.31 G 0.73). Withdrawal resistance for various nails are shown in Table 3.
he HurriQuake nails are designed for withdrawal using design functions that are different from the NDS withdrawal function for nails. The HurriQuake design functions are based on statistical analysis of test data. In the NDS, equation, G= specic gravity of the main member, and D is the diameter of the nail, and in the HurriQuake equations, G is specic gravity of the main member and diameter is included as a constant, 0.113 or 0.131 . The result of the NDS and HurriQuake equations (W) is the withdrawal resistance per inch of penetration in the main member for normal duration loads. The result of the NDS and HurriQuake equations (W) is the withdrawal resistance per inch of penetration in the main member for normal duration loads. NDS withdrawal design W=1380G2.5D HQ withdrawal design HQ1 and HQ3: W=1555G1.4.113 HQ2 and HQ4: W=1495G1.5.131
* The HQ3 and HQ4 are 3 long versions of the HurriQuake nail. They may require special nailers for proper installation.
nail of the same diameter. The HQ4 provides more than three times the withdrawal resistance of the 8d common. The HQ1 and HQ2 can be substituted for sheathing nails as big as 10d common (3 x 0.148) for withdrawal applications and at the same time the HurriQuake nails will improve design capacity. Withdrawal example Given: The framing is SPF (G=0.42), and the side member is 7/16 OSB. What is the normal duration withdrawal resistance of an 8d common nail? W8dcom=21 lbf/ and Lm = 2.5 . -0.4375 = 2.06 R8dcom = 20.7 lbf/ x 2.06 = 42.6 lbf What is the normal duration withdrawal resistance of an HQ1 nail? . = 2.06 WHQ1 = 52 lbf/ and Lm = 2.5 -0.4375 RHQ1 = 52 lbf/ x 2.06 = 107 lbf
The design values shall be multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors, such as load duration, wet service, toe nail, end-grain, and temperature following the NDS. Withdrawal resistance for other deformed-shank nails should not be designed with the HurriQuake functions because they do not have the same shank characteristics. For other screw-shank or ring-shank nails, the withdrawal resistance is calculated as 110% of the NDS function based on the fastener nominal diameter. The example shows that the HQ1 provides more than twice the withdrawal resistance of an 8d common or a ring-shank
12
Nail Withdrawal Design ]]
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Table 3. Nail withdrawal values for normal duration loads, lbf/inch of penetration in the main member.
Product code Shank diameter (inch) Withdrawal resistance, W (lbf/in.) by specic gravity 0.36 0.42 HurriQuake HQ1 HQ2 A,B D F G I L C E 0.113 0.131 0.097 , 0.099 0.105 0.113 0.120 0.131 0.148 0.162 0.097 , 0.099 0.113 0.120 0.128 42 44 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 11 13 14 15 52 55 Smooth shank 15 17 18 19 21 23 26 Deformed Shank 17 20 21 22 18 21 22 24 26 30 32 34 33 38 41 44 16 18 19 20 22 25 27 24 26 28 29 32 36 43 30 33 35 37 41 46 50 54 57 67 72 76 83 0.43 0.50 0.55
13
[[ Singl
|| SINGLE-FASTENER CONNECTION LATERAL SHEAR DESIGN ||
The reference lateral shear design values (Z) for smooth-shank nails are determined using the single-shear yield limit equations of the NDS. The yield limit equations describe six modes of yielding in a single-shear nail connection. The values of all six equations are calculated and the lowest value of the six is the controlling yield value.
o determine the allowable shear design value, the Z-value is multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors, e.g., duration of load, moisture, temperature, end-grain, and toe-nail adjustment factors. Mode Im Mode Is Mode II Mode IIIm Mode IIIs Mode IV Yield in the main member Yield in the side member Yield by fastener grid rotation Fastener yield with a single plastic hinge within main member Fastener yield with a single plastic hinge within side member Fastener yield with two plastic hinges shank nails. For this reason, it is recommended that shear design is done using the design functions as presented in this document when calculating Z-values for HurriQuake nails. At the same time, the HurriQuake design functions for lateral shear should not be applied to other deformed-shank nails because the result will have an unknown level of safety. 8.1 Sheathing-to-Framing Connections Design for sheathing that is part of a lateral force resisting system relies on the shear resistance of single-fastener connections as well as the sheathing material and the framing specic gravity. Reference design values for smooth and deformed shank nails can be calculated using the NDS yield mode equations. The HurriQuake equation format provides the designer with easy to use functions for single-fastener lateral shear resistance based on the known framing and sheathing. The HurriQuake design functions are based on statistical analysis of test data. The yield mode for HurriQuake nails with sheathing is almost always Mode IIIs. Mode I and Mode II do not occur with plywood and OSB sheathing products and typical sheathing nails. Design values of Table 4 or values calculated from the design functions of Table 5 shall be multiplied by appropriate adjustment values following the NDS, which includes (ASD) duration of load, wet service, temperature, group action, end-grain, diaphragm, and toe-nail adjustments. The example shows that for the lateral capacity of the example connection, HQ1 will have lateral resistance that is 50% greater than the lateral resistance of the 8d common. This design example also shows that the smaller HQ1 can offer superior connection strength to the larger HQ2 nails in this particular connection. The HurriQuake nails with a smaller shank diameter work better here because they have a slightly larger head-to-shank area ratio than the HQ2. Analysis shows that the HQ1 and HQ2 can be substituted for the 10d common
Connect
Input for the calculations with the yield limit equations includes, nail diameter, thickness of side member, penetration in main member, dowel bearing capacity of main member from NDS tables, dowel bearing capacity of side member and bending yield strength of the fastener. Most sheathing-to-framing connections are controlled by the Mode IIIs yield limit. Some connections with large nails and thin side members can be controlled by Mode Is, where the strength of the side member controls the connection design. Regardless of the yield limit, the reduction factor is in the range of 3.5 to 5.0. The HurriQuake nail shear design values are based on test data and a reduction factor of 5.0 rather than yield limit equations. Their safety factor has been evaluated and exceeds many nails. Shear design values for the HurriQuake nails can be estimated using the yield limit equations, but the resulting design values will be extremely conservative. Test data shows that for sheathing applications, the Hurriquake safety factors are in the range of 9 to 12 for connections designed with the yield limit equations, which is approximately twice the factor of safety for smooth-shank and deformed-
14
le-Fastener tion Lateral Shear Design ]]

(3 x 0.148) in most all shear wall and diaphragm applications with improved design capacity. Example [Lateral resistance of single-fastener connections] Given: The framing is SPF-South (G=0.36), and the sheathing is 3/8 Structural 1 Plywood. What is the singlefastener lateral shear resistance (Z) for an 8d common for normal duration loads? Find the values for dowel bearing capacity for the main and side members in the NDS, Chapter 11. For the framing material, Fem=2550 psi, and for the plywood, Fes=4650 psi. The geometry of the connection is L=2.5 , Ls=0.375 , and penetration in the main member
Lm=2.5-0.375=2.125 Check the penetration to diameter ratio, 2.125 / 0.131 = 16.2, and 16.2 > 10, therefore penetration is sufcient. Using the NDS yield limit equations, the controlling resistance is Z8dcom=58.4 lbf (Mode IIIs).
Table 4. Single-fastener shear values, Z (lbf) for typical sheathing products by wood species specic gravity.
Product code HQ1 HQ2 D, E G, H I HQ1 HQ2 D, E G, H I HQ1 HQ2 D, E G, H I HQ1 HQ2 D, E G, H I HQ1 HQ2 D, E G, H I HQ1 HQ2 D, E G, H I Nail diameter 0.113 0.131 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.113 0.131 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.113 0.131 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.113 0.131 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.113 0.131 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.113 0.131 0.113 0.131 0.148 19/32 plywood 15/32 plywood 3/8 plywood 15/32 plywood structural 1 7/16 OSB Side member (thickness, material) 3/8 plywood structural 1 Lateral shear resistance, Z (lbf) by main member specic gravity 0.42 0.43 0.50 0.55 93 90 50 65 78 77 77 52 67 80 90 103 54 69 82 78 78 45 59 71 101 93 47 61 72 93 100 50 64 76 93 92 51 66 79 78 78 53 68 81 90 103 54 70 83 80 80 46 59 72 101 93 47 61 73 93 100 51 65 77 98 103 54 71 85 80 81 56 73 87 91 104 58 74 88 89 89 48 63 76 105 97 50 65 78 97 102 54 68 81 102 112 56 73 88 82 84 58 75 90 92 104 60 77 91 96 96 49 65 79 108 100 51 67 80 100 103 55 70 84
C 8
15
[[ Singl
What is the single-fastener shear resistance for HQ1 and HQ3 with the same framing and sheathing combination as the previous example? Use the equation from the evaluation report for nail diameter 0.113 and side member 3/8- Structural 1 Plywood, ZHQ113=125G0.345. Then, ZHQ113=125(0.36)0.345=87 .9 lbf What is the single-fastener shear resistance for HQ2 and HQ4 with the same framing and sheathing combination? Use the equation from the evaluation report for nail diameter 0.131 and side member 3/8-in, Structural 1 Plywood, ZHQ131=180G0.800. Then, ZHQ131=180(0.36)0.800=79.5 lbf. 8.2 Connections for 2-by Members to Members of the Same Specic Gravity The nails listed in the upper portion of Table 6 have either smooth or deformed shanks. The lateral shear capacity of smooth-shank and deformed-shank framing connections (Z) is from the NDS yield limit equations. However, the HurriQuake design capacities are based on tests with HurriQuake nails. Testing in an accredited laboratory
Connect
Table 5. Design functions for single-fastener shear connections made with HurriQuake nails.
Sheating panel Type/grade HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.113 Plywood structural 1/OSB 3/8 7/16 15/32 7/8 Plywood/single oor and other grades in DOC PS1 and PS2 3/8 15/32 19/32 HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.131
Reference lateral design value, Z (lbf) Thickness, (inch) 125G 0.345 95G 0.240 95G 0.062 250G 1.215 150G 0.750 125G 0.250 120G 0.300 180G 0.800 100G 0.300 105G 0.020 110G 0.200 150G 0.750 120G 0.300 110G 0.115 115G 0.205
Plywood structural 1/OSB
3/8 7/16 15/32 7/8
Plywood/single oor and other grades in DOC PS1 and PS2
3/8 15/32 19/32 23/32
a Reference lateral design values from design functions are for normal loads and must be adjusted with all applicable adjustment factors. b 0.36 G 0.50. If G > 0.50, use G=0.50 in calculation. c For nominal lateral design values of other congurations with sawn lumber and engineered wood products, use NDS, Section 11.3, where sheathing specic gravity, G, and dowel-bearing strength, Fes, for wood structural panels are according to NDS Table 11.3.2B, and Fyb=100,000 psi.
16
le-Fastener tion Lateral Shear Design ]]

showed that many typical coderecognized fasteners have reduction factors less than 5, while the design values for HurriQuake nails are based on reduction factors of 5.0. Lateral shear design values for face-nailed connections with HurriQuake nails can be calculated for wood or engineered wood products with other specic gravities. These design functions are for a nominal 2-by side member (actual thickness 1.5) face-nailed to a main member that is at least a nominal 2-by and both members in the connection have the same specic gravity or equivalent specic gravity. The calculated value is for normal duration loads (lbf), HQ1 HQ2 HQ3 HQ4
ZHQ1 = 175G1.2 ZHQ2 = 195G1.2 ZHQ3 = 370G1.5 ZHQ4 = 245G0.9
These design functions should not be used for other fasteners because the result is valid only for HurriQuake nail products.
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Table 6. Normal duration lateral shear capacity, Z (lbf) for two-member face-nailed 2-by lumber connections of the same specic gravity.
Fastener Product code L M I I G, H G, H HQ1 HQ2 Length (inch) 3 1/2 3 1/2 3 1/4 3 3 3 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 Shank diameter (inch) 0.162 0.135 0.148 0.148 0.131 0.128 0.131 0.113 0.131 Connection lateral strength, Z (lbf), by specic gravity 0.42 (SPF) 120 88 100 100 82 79 62 62 69 0.43 (Hem-Fir) 122 89 102 102 84 80 64 64 71 0.5 (DF-L) 141 103 118 118 97 93 74 76 85 0.55 (SP) 154 113 128 128 106 101 81 85 95
17
[[ Prescrip
|| PRESCRIPTIVE FRAMING CONNECTIONS ||
Framing connections are made as Face-nail connections [F], End-nail connections [E], or Toe-nail connections [T]. The geometries of the three types of connections are discussed in Chapter 4 of this Guide.
ingle fastener connections are calculated by using the NDS yield limit equations assuming that the connection is a face-nail connection. Then, end-nail connections and toe-nail connections are calculated using the face-nail connection design value that is adjusted for the end-nail or toe-nail geometry. For toe-nail connections the adjustment is for shear or withdrawal depending on the planned loading. End-nail connections are adjusted only for shear because withdrawal resistance cannot be assigned to end-nail connections. Framing connections can be made with either smooth-shank nails or deformed-shank nails. If the connections are being calculated, the same NDS yield limit equations are used for smooth-shank nails and deformed shank nails. Allowable lateral shear design values cannot be increased for generic deformed-shank nails. The v Table 7. Prescriptive oor framing connections
joist-to-band joist (29)(E)
HurriQuake nails have lateral shear design functions that are a discussed in Chapter 8 of this Guide. The HurriQuake functions are used where the main and side members of the connection have the same specic gravity and the side member is assumed to be 1-1/2 thick. The HurriQuake design functions cannot be used to design connections with commodity nails. For this Guide, framing connections are divided into Floor, Wall, and Roof and Ceiling Connections. Each entry in the tables includes a description of the connection. The parenthetical number, e.g., (1), (2), (3), etc., corresponds to the number in the IBC Fastening Schedule. The type of connection, e.g., face-nail, toe-nail, or end-nail, is shown in brackets [F ,T , or E]. The tables show the number of HurriQuake nails and other nails that will produce performance equivalent to that of the codes.
Connection Description Joist-to-band joist (29)[E]
HurriQuake Nail Quantity HQ1 4 HQ2 4
Commonly Available Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38] Length x Diameter (inch) Catalog # Quantity or Spacing 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S12D-FH RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S12D-FH S8D131-FH RH-S1D0148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH 3 5
Product Code L I G.H G,H F F L I G.H G,H F F G,H I G,H G,H F F
6 3 4
ledger strip (30)(F)
Ledger strip (30)[F]
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131
HQ2
3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.5 x 0.131 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
joist-to-sill or girder or (1)(T) girder (1)[T] Joist-to-sill
HQ1
HQ2
18
ptive Framing Connections ]]

Table 7. [continued]
blocking (joist or rafter) to-top plater (13)(T)
Connection Description Blocking (joist or rafter) to top plate (13)[T]
HurriQuake Nail Quantity HQ1 3
Commonly Available Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38] Product Length x Diameter (inch) Catalog # Quantity or Spacing Code 2.5 x 0.131 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.5 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.375 x 0.113 S8D131-FH RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D-FH S6D-FH 3 G I G,H G,H F F G,H F F E,D E,D
HQ2
bridging to joist (2)(T)
Bridging-to-joist (2)[T](fasteners at each end)
HQ1
2 3
HQ2
rim joist-to-top plate (14)(T)
2 x 0.113
Rim joist-to-top plate (14)[T]
HQ1
6 in oc
2.5 x 0.113 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.375 x 0.113
S8D-FH RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D-FH S6DFH
6 in oc 8 in oc 6 in oc
E,D I G,H G,H F F E,D E,D B,C L I G,H G,H
4 in oc 6 in oc 3 in oc
HQ2
6 in oc
2 x 0.113 2.25 x 0.099 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131
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built-up girders and beams
Built-up girders and beams, 2 layers (IRC)[F]

sole plate-to-joist or blocking (6)(F)
HQ1
RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH
3, 24 in oc
3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 HQ2 Sole plate-to-joist or blocking (6)[F] HQ1 HQ2 1, 12 in oc 1, 16 in oc 2.5 x 0.131 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.131 3.5 x 0.135
S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D131-FH RH-S16D162EP S10D131-FH RH-S16D135EP
3, 16 in oc 4, 16 in oc 1, 16 in oc 1, 8 in oc 1, 16 in oc
F F G,H L G,H M
19
[[ Prescrip
Table 8. Prescriptive wall framing connections
Connection Description Top or sole plate-to-stud (7)[E]
Commonly Available Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38] Length x Diameter (inch) Catalog # Quantity or Spacing 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH RH-S16D62EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D131-FH S8D-FH S6D-FH RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH 2 3
Product Code L I G,H G,H F F L I G,H G,H F F G,H D,E D,E B,C L I G,H G,H F F
4 3 4
Top or sole plate-to-stud (8)[T]
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.5 x 0.131
HQ2
top plate laps and intersections (13)(F)
2.375 x 0.113 2 x 0.113 2.25 x 0.099 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
Top plate laps and intersections (13) [F]
HQ1 HQ2
3 3
2 each side 3 each side
Double top plate splices (10)[F]

dbouble top plate slices (10)(F)
HQ1 HQ2
10 10
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.131 3.5 x 0.135
RH-S16D162EP S10D131-FH RH-S16D135EP
8 12 8
L G,H M
sole plate-to-joist blocking at braced walls (6)(F)
Sole plate-to-joist or blocking at braced walls (6)[F]
HQ1 HQ2
4 4
3.5 x 0.135 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
RH-S16D135EP RH-S16D162EP S12D131-FH S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH
3 per 16 2 per 16 3 per 16 4 per 16
M L I G,H G,H F F
20

Table 8. [continued]
sole plate-to-joist blocking at braced walls (6)(F)
Connection Description Sole plate-to-joist or blocking (6)[F]
HurriQuake Nail Quantity HQ1 1, 12 in oc HQ2 1, 16 in oc
Commonly Available Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38] Length x Diameter (inch) Catalog # Quantity or Spacing 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 RH-S16D162EP 16 in oc RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH 8 in oc
Product Code L I G,H G,H F F
double studs (9)(F)
Double top plates (10)[F]

dbouble top plate (10)(F)
HQ1 HQ2
1, 12 in oc 1, 12 in oc
3 x 0.148 3.5 x 0.162 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP 16 in oc RH-S16D162EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH 12 in oc
I L G,H G,H F F
Double studs (9)[F]

built-up corner studs (23)(F)
HQ1 HQ2
1, 8 in oc 1, 8 in oc
3 x 0.148 3.5 x 0.162 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
I L G,H G,H F F
C 9
Built-up corner studs (23)[F]
HQ1
1, 24 in oc
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131
L I G,H G,H F F
HQ2
1, 24 in oc
3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
12 in oc
21
[[ Prescrip
Table 9. Prescriptive roof and ceiling framing connections
ceiling joist-to-plate (15)(T)
Connection Description Ceiling joist-to-plate (15)[T]
Commonly Available Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38] Length x Diameter (inch) Catalog # Quantity or Spacing 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.375 x 0.113 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 RH-S16D162EP 3 RH-S10D148EP 4 S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D-FH 5
Product Code L I G,H G,H F F D,E L I G,H G,H F F
ceiling joist laps over partition (17)(F)
Ceiling joist laps over partition (17)[F]
HQ1 HQ2
4 4
RH-S16D162EP 3 RH-S10D148EP 4 S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH
ceiling joist to parallel rafter (18)(F)
Ceiling joist-to-parallel rafter (18)[F]
HQ1 HQ2
4 4
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
RH-S16D162EP 3 RH-S10D148EP 4 S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH
L I G,H G,H F F
lar tie-to-rafter(26)(F) (18)(F)
Collar tie-to-rafter (26)[F]
HQ1 HQ2
4 4
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
RH-S16D162EP 3 RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH 4
L I G,H G,H F F
jack rafter-to-hip (28)(T)
Jack rafter-to-hip (28)[T]
HQ1 HQ2
4 4
3 x 0.148 3.5 x 0.162 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
RH-S10D148EP 3 RH-S16D162EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH 4
I L G,H G,H F F
22

jack rafter-to-hip (28)(F) Table
9. [continued]
HurriQuake Nail Quantity HQ1 3 HQ2 3 Commonly Available Bostitch Fasteners [other fasteners see pg. 38] Length x Diameter (inch) Catalog # Quantity or Spacing 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH 2 3 Product Code L I G,H G,H F F
Connection Description Jack rafter-to-hip (28)[F]
roof rafter-to-plate (19)(T)
Roof rafter-to-plate (19)[T]
HQ1
2.5 x 0.131 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120 2.375 x 0.113 2 x 0.113 2.25 x 0.099
S8D131-FH RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D-FH S6D-FH
G L I G,H G,H F F D,E D,E B,C
HQ2
4 5 6
roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)(T)
Roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)[T]
HQ1 HQ2
3 3
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131 3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH
2 3
L I G,H G,H F F
C 9
roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)(F)
Roof rafter-to-2x ridge (28)[F]
HQ1
3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131
RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH
2 3
L I G,H G,H F F
HQ2
3.25 x 0.120 3 x 0.120
23
[[ Fa
|| FASTENING METAL HARDWARE ||
Metal connector nails (MCN nails) are generally used with prefabricated, cold-formed steel connection hardware in light-frame wood construction. Pneumatic nailing of the metal connectors has become the preferred method of installation due to the speed and ease of installation as compared to hand nailing.
he appropriate nail for the steel connector is determined by the connector manufacturer and it is up to the builder, engineer or architect to ensure an acceptable fastener is used in the application. The overall strength and stiffness of the connector typically relies on the fastener so it is essential the correct fastener is used. The rst step to determining the correct fastener for a specic use is to consult the metal hardware manufacturers literature for the specic connector and determine the fastener specication in terms of diameter and length. Often, fasteners for metal connectors are shorter than nails used for other framing connections, but the length depends upon the specic connectors. Careful review of the table notes is necessary. If in doubt, contact the connector manufacturer prior to installation. The Stanley Bostitch MCN nails are offered in ve nail sizes: > 0.131 by 1-1/2 > 0.131 by 2-1/2 > 0.148 by 1-1/2 > 0.148 by 2-1/2 > 0.162 by 2-1/2 Due to the critical nature of the MCN fasteners applications, a raised identication symbol is applied to Stanley Bostitch nail heads during manufacturing (Figure 13). The head marking facilitates inspection and verication of size after installation. Figure 13. Illustration of the MCN nail head identication marking. Each size of MCN nail is available as bright or galvanized and the nails are available in heat-treated steel or non-heat-treated steel. The same design values for shear and withdrawal resistance are assigned to heat treated and non-heat treated nails but the heat-treated nails can penetrate the steel plate if the hole in the connector is missed during application. The galvanized MCN nails are mechanically galvanized with a zinc coating of 1 oz/ft2, which meets the specications in ASTM B695, Class 55 and is equivalent to the zinc level of ASTM A153, Class D as shown in ESR-1482. Compliance of Stanley Bostitch MCN nails with the IBC and IRC is recognized in ICC-ES evaluation report ESR-2122. Design Values The withdrawal and lateral design values of the MCN nails are calculated using the formulas of the NDS. Metal plate connector nails have minimum bending yield strength (Fyb) in compliance with ASTM F1667 for low and medium carbon steel nails, which are100,000 psi for the 0.131-diameter nails and 90,000 psi for the 0.148and 0.162 nails. If the MCN nails are heat-treated, then the actual Fyb values are increased but the same basic Fyb has been used in the calculation of connection capacity. In general, the shear designs of thinner metal side members (No. 10 to No. 20 gauge) are governed by the Mode IIIs yield mode, while the thicker side members (No. 3 gauge and No. 7 gauge) are controlled by Mode IV. Table 10 gives typical design values for MCN fasteners, wood and metal plate combinations based on the NDS yield limit equations.
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
0.131 x 1-1/2 0.131 x 2-1/2 0.148 x 1-1/2 0.148 x 2-1/2 0.162 x 2-1/2
24
astening Metal Hardware ]]

Head Identication Product Code Nail size (inches)
Table 10. Reference lateral design values Z (lbf), for Stanley Bostitch MCN nails used in steel-to-wood connections for typical wood specic gravities.
Shear design value 1,2,3 Z (lbf) Species group of main member (specic gravity4) Southern Pine (0.55) Douglas Fir-Larch (0.50) Spruce-Pine-Fir (0.42) ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 16-gauge side plates B1, B2 B3, B4 B5 B1, B2 B3, B4 B5 B1, B2 B3, B4 B5 B1, B2 B3, B4 B5 B1, B2 B3, B4 B5 B1, B2 B3, B4 B5
1
MCN1, MCN2 MCN3, MCN4 MCN5 MCN1, MCN2 MCN3, MCN4 MCN5 MCN1, MCN2 MCN3, MCN4 MCN5 MCN1, MCN2 MCN3, MCN4 MCN5 MCN1, MCN2 MCN3, MCN4 MCN5 MCN1, MCN2 MCN3, MCN4 MCN5
0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.162 2-1/2 0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.162 2-1/2 0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.162 2-1/2 0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.162 2-1/2 0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.162 2-1/2 0.131 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.148 1-1/2 (or 2-1/2) 0.162 2-1/2
103 122 149 102 121 148 126 149 172 102 123 148 144 175 204 146 176 211
96 113 137 95 112 137 117 138 160 94 114 136 133 161 188 134 162 194
82 97 118 82 97 118 102 120 139 81 98 117 114 138 165 114 138 170
ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 18-gauge side pate
ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 10-gauge side plate
ASTM A653-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 20-gauge side plate
ASTM A1011-SS Designation, Grade 33, No. 3-gauge and No. 7-gauge side plates
ASTM A36, No.3-gauge side plate
Lateral design values are for normal loads and must be multiplied by all applicable adjustment factors in the applicable code.
C 1 0
Lateral design values are based on: Fyb = 100,000 psi (689 MPa) for 0.0131-inch (3.4 mm) diameter nails; Fyb = 90,000 psi (620 MPa) for 0.148-inch (3.8 mm) diameter nails and 0.162-inch (4.1 mm) diameter nails.
Base metal thickness for No. 3 gauge is 0.2391 inch (6.07 mm); base metal thickness for No. 7 gauge is 0.1793 inch (4.55 mm); base metal thickness for No. 10 gauge is 0.1345 inch (3.42 mm); base metal thickness for No. 12-gauge is 0.1046 inch (2.66 mm); base metal thickenss for No.16 gauge is 0.0540 inch (1.37 mm); base metal thickness for No. 18-gauge is 0.0480 inch (1.22 mm); base metal thickness for No. 20 gauge is 0.0358 inch (0.91 mm); dowel bearing capacity (Fes) for ASTM A653, SS designation, Grade 33 (No. 10 and No. 20 gauge) is 61,850 psi (426 MPa); dowel bearing strength for ASTM A570, Grade 33, No. 3 gauge is 78,000 psi (537 MPa), dowel bearing capacity for ASTM A1011, Grade 33 No. 7 gauge is 71,500 psi (493 MPa); dowel bearing capacity of ASTM A36, No. 3 gauge is 87 ,000 psi (599 MPa). Capacities of other congurations maybe determined with appropriate engineering calculation using NDS, Section 11.
3 4
Actual specic gravity of sawn lumber or equivalent specic gravity for structural composite lumber as determined by ASTM D 5456.
25
|| DIAPHRAGM DESIGN ||
Diaphragms are at or pitched assemblies that are part of the lateral force resisting system in the building. The most recognizable diaphragms are the roof, whether at or gable, and the oors.
he most recognizable diaphragms are the roof, whether at or gable, and the oors. The published building code diaphragm design values are based on work by the APA-The Engineered Wood Association. Unit shear values for wind and seismic forces are calculated using a numerical model that relies on the lateral shear design values of single-fastener connections and incorporates important construction details such as framing spacing, perimeter fastening schedule, sheathing panel grade, and failure due to sheathing buckling. The model employs coefcients derived from test data and the model was validated by full-scale tests. The HurriQuake diaphragm design values are based on a similar general model that uses the singlefastener connection capacity and is calibrated to the building code model. Unit shear design values are given in Tables 11 to 18 for sheathing materials based on thickness and grade. Diaphragm Design and Construction Details Diaphragm design values are for: < Wind or seismic loadings < Douglas-r (G=0.50) or Southern Pine (G=0.55) framing < Framing spacing is 24 o.c. unless otherwise stated < Wood structural panels are attached to and in contact with the framing. Diaphragm Design Adjustments 1. All requirements of the applicable building code pertaining to diaphragm design and construction shall be met. 2. The tabulated values are for short-term loads and should be reduced for normal duration of load by 40 percent based on the duration of load factor of 1.6 and a diaphragm nailing factor of 1.1. 3. Adjustment for lumber specic gravity: Allowable shear values for diaphragms shall be adjusted for lumber specic gravity when 0.42G<0.5, then multiply by 0.82, if G<0.42, then multiply by 0.65. 4. When negative pressure is a design consideration, fastener spacing shall be considered. 5. Design values are for framing spacing up to 24 o.c. 6. Nail slip (en) used in the diaphragm deection equation is calculated for the HQ1 nail as en = (vn/400)2.99 and for the HQ2 nails, en = (vn/600)2.50 where vn=shear load (lbf) per fastener. Diaphragm Construction Details 1. Plywood rated sheathing includes C-D, and C-C Exterior Sheathing and other panel grades covered by PS1 or PS2. 2. Nails withT , brad, or casing heads are not permitted for sheathing attachment. When framing spacing is 24 o.c., eld fasteners shall be spaced a maximum of 12 o.c. and 6 o.c. when the framing is spaced 48 o.c. 3. Where the nails with shank diameter 0.148 , penetration 1-5/8 , and spacing 3 o.c., framing shall be at least 3 nominal at the panel edges and nails shall be staggered. 4. Where the nails are spaced 2-1/2 o.c., framing members at adjoining panel edges shall be at least 3 nominal thickness. 5. Staples shall be installed with the crown parallel to the long dimension of the framing lumber. 6. Plywood with thickness 1-1/8 is permitted with fastener penetration 10d, where d = fastener nominal diameter. Diaphragm Design Cases Diaphragm design is based on framing and panel layout relative to the load direction. Appropriate use of the design tables relies on construction following the layout congurations as described byBlocked andUnblocked Cases 1 to 6. ABlocked Diaphragm has all sheathing edges supported by framing or blocking. AnUnblocked Diaphragm has no blocking, which means that two edges of the panel are not fully supported. Unblocked diaphragms have lower shear resistance then blocked diaphragms. Cases 1 to 4 have panel joints that are staggered in one direction, while Cases 5 and 6 have panel joints that are aligned in both directions. Figure 14 (a to f) illustrates the framing--load direction--panel layout congurations of Cases 1 to 6. Unit shear resistance values are given in Tables 7 to 14 for different sheathing materials.
26
Diaphragm boundary
Continuous panel joints
Load
[[ Diaphragm Design ]]
CASE 4 Load CASE 5 Framing Continuous panel joints Continuous panel joints Blocking
Load
CASE 6
Framing
Continuous panel joints
Blocking
Figure 14. Sheathing and framing layouts for the six diaphragm cases.
Diaphragm design cases: (a) Case 1 -- Load direction parallel to framing; panel strength axis per perpendicular to load and panel joints staggered relative to load direction and aligned in normal direction; (b) Case 2 -- Load direction perpendicular to framing; panel strength axis parallel to load direction and panel joints are staggered relative to load direction and aligned in normal direction; (c) Case 3 -- Load direction perpendicular to framing; panel strength axis parallel to load direction and panel joints aligned with load direction and staggered in normal direction; (d) Case 4 -- Load direction and framing parallel; panel strength axis perpendicular to load direction panel joints aligned with load direction and staggered in normal direction; (e) Case 5 -- Load direction and framing parallel; panel strength axis perpendicular to load direction and panel joints aligned in both directions; (f) Case 6 -- Load direction perpendicular to framing; panel strength axis parallel to load direction and panel joints aligned in both directions.
C 1 1
27
Table 11. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 3/8 structural 1 plywood.
Fastener Product code Nominal diameter (inches) Minimum length (inches) Framing minimum width (inches) Blocked diaphragms Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6) 6 4 2.5 2 Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4) 6 6 4 3 HQ1 HQ1 HQ2 HQ2 G,H G,H F F D,E D,E B,C B,C A A J J K K 0.113 0.131 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 305 340 310 350 270 300 230 255 205 230 165 185 145 160 220 245 175 200 405 455 415 465 360 400 305 340 275 305 215 245 190 215 290 325 235 265 605 680 625 700 530 600 455 510 410 460 325 365 290 325 435 490 350 395 685 770 705 790 600 675 515 580 465 520 370 415 325 365 495 555 400 450 Unblocked diaphragms Fasteners spaced 6 maximum at supported edges
Case 1
Cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 200 230 210 235 180 200 150 170 135 155 110 120 95 110 145 165 115 130
270 305 280 310 240 265 200 225 180 205 145 160 130 145 195 215 155 175
Table 12. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 7/16 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Fastener Product code Nominal diameter (inches) Minimum length (inches) Framing minimum width (inches) Blocked diaphragms Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6) 6 4 2.5 2 Case 1 Cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 190 215 195 215 Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4) 6 6 4 3 HQ1 HQ1 HQ2 HQ2 0.113 0.131 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 3 2 3 285 320 285 320 380 425 385 430 565 635 570 340 640 720 645 725 Unblocked diaphragms Fasteners spaced 6 maximum at supported edges
255 285 260 290
28
Fastener Product code Nominal diameter (inches) Minimum length (inches) Framing minimum width (inches) Blocked diaphragms Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6) 6 4 2.5 2 Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4) 6 6 4 3 HQ1 HQ1 HQ2 HQ2 I I G,H G,H F F D,E D,E B,C B,C A A J J K K 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 305 340 310 350 320 360 270 300 230 255 205 230 165 185 145 160 215 245 175 200 405 455 415 465 425 480 360 400 305 340 275 305 215 245 190 215 290 325 235 265 605 680 625 700 640 720 530 600 455 510 410 460 325 365 290 325 435 490 350 395 685 770 705 790 730 820 600 675 515 580 465 520 370 415 325 365 495 555 400 450
Unblocked diaphragms Fasteners spaced 6 maximum at supported edges
Case 1
Cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 200 230 210 235 215 240 180 200 150 170 135 155 110 120 95 110 145 165 115 130
270 305 280 310 285 320 240 265 200 225 180 205 145 160 130 145 195 215 155 175
C 1 1
360 300 365 410
29
Table 15. Diaphragm unit shear allowable design values for wind and seismic. Sheathing: 3/8 plywood rated sheathing.
Fastener Product code Nominal diameter (inches) Minimum length (inches) Framing minimum width (inches) Blocked diaphragms Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6) 6 4 2.5 2 Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4) 6 6 4 3 HQ1 HQ1 HQ2 HQ2 G,H G,H F F D,E D,E B,C B,C A A J J K K 0.113 0.131 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge 1 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 240 270 245 280 240 270 210 235 185 210 145 165 130 145 195 220 160 180 320 360 330 370 320 360 280 315 250 280 195 220 170 195 260 295 210 235 480 540 500 560 480 540 420 470 375 420 295 330 260 290 390 440 315 355 545 610 565 565 545 610 475 530 425 475 335 375 290 330 445 495 360 400 Unblocked diaphragms Fasteners spaced 6 maximum at supported edges
Case 1 215 240 220 220 215 240 185 210 165 185 130 145 115 125 175 195 140 160
Cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 160 180 165 165 160 180 140 155 125 140 100 110 85 95 130 145 105 120
Fastener Product code Nominal diameter (inches) Minimum length (inches) Framing minimum width (inches) Blocked diaphragms Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6) 6 4 2.5 2 Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4) 6 6 4 3 HQ1 HQ1 HQ2 HQ2 I I G,H G,H F F D,E D,E B,C B,C A A J J K K 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge 1 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 275 310 300 340 290 325 265 300 230 255 205 230 165 185 145 160 195 220 160 180 365 410 400 450 385 430 355 400 305 340 275 305 215 245 190 215 260 295 210 235 454 615 600 675 575 650 535 600 455 510 410 460 325 365 290 315 390 440 315 355 620 695 680 765 655 735 605 680 515 580 465 520 370 415 325 365 445 500 360 400 Unblocked diaphragms Fasteners spaced 6 maximum at supported edges
Case 1 245 275 270 300 255 290 235 265 200 225 180 205 145 160 130 145 175 195 140 160
Cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 185 205 200 225 190 215 180 200 150 170 135 155 110 120 85 95 130 145 105 120
30
Fastener Product code Nominal diameter (inches) Minimum length (inches) Framing minimum width (inches) Blocked diaphragms Fastener spacing () at diaphragm boundaries (all cases), at continuous panel edges parallel to load (cases 3, 4) and at all panel edges (cases 5, 6) 6 4 2.5 2 Nail spacing at other panel edges (cases 1, 2, 3, 4) 6 6 4 3 HQ1 HQ1 HQ2 HQ2 I I G,H G,H F F D,E D,E B,C B,C A A J J K K 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge 1 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 310 350 365 415 320 360 270 305 230 260 210 235 170 190 150 170 215 245 175 200 415 465 490 550 425 480 360 405 310 350 280 315 225 255 205 230 290 325 235 265 620 695 740 830 640 720 540 605 465 520 420 470 340 380 305 340 435 490 350 395 705 790 835 940 730 820 610 685 525 590 475 535 385 435 345 390 495 555 400 450
Unblocked diaphragms Fasteners spaced 6 maximum at supported edges
Case 1 280 310 330 370 285 320 240 270 205 235 185 210 150 170 135 155 195 215 155 175
Cases 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 210 235 245 275 215 240 180 200 155 175 140 155 115 125 100 115 145 165 115 130
C 1 1
250 280 295 330
31
|| SHEAR WALL DESIGN ||

Shear walls are primary lateral force resisting assemblies in light-frame building systems. They are a vital link in the load path from the roof to the foundation transferring forces that are applied to the roof and walls to the foundation anchorage.
he published building code shear wall design values are based on research by the APA-The Engineered Wood Association. Unit shear values for wind and seismic forces are calculated using a numerical model that relies on the lateral shear design values of single-fastener connections and incorporates important construction details such as framing spacing, perimeter fastening schedule, sheathing panel grade, and failure due to sheathing buckling.The model employs coefficients derived from test data and the model was validated by full-scale tests.The HurriQuake shear wall design values are based on a similar general model that uses the single-fastener connection capacity and incorporates the same construction variables.The HurriQuake shear wall model is calibrated to the building code model. Unit shear design values are given inTables 19 to 24 for sheathing materials based on thickness and grade. 6. Nail slip (en) used in the shear wall deection equation is calculated for the HQ1 nail as en = (vn/400)2.99 and for the HQ2 nails, en = (vn/600)2.50 where vn=shear load (lbf) per fastener.
Shear Wall Construction Details 1. Panel edges shall be supported by framing members that are not less than 2 nominal thickness. 2. Panels shall be installed either horizontally or vertically. 3. Plywood rated sheathing includes C-D, and C-C Exterior Sheathing and other panel grades covered by PS1 or PS2. 4. When framing is 24 o.c., eld nailing for 3/8 and 7/16 panels shall be 6 o.c. For other conditions, space fasteners 12 o.c. maximum. Shear Wall Design and Construction Details 5. Where panels are applied to both faces of the wall and The shearwall tables are for: fastener spacing is less than 6 o.c. on either side, then < Wind or seismic loadings panel joints shall be offset so that panel joints do not < Douglas-r (G=0.50) or Southern Pine (G=0.55) framing occur on both sides of the wall on the same framing < Framing spacing is 24 o.c. unless otherwise stated members, or the framing members shall be 3 nominal < Wood structural panels are attached to and in contact with the framing or thicker and the fasteners on each side staggered. 6. Where the nails with shank diameter 0.148 , penetration Shear Wall Design Adjustments 1-5/8 , and spacing 3 o.c., framing shall be at least 1. All requirements of the applicable building code pertaining nominal at the panel edges and nailsshall be staggered. to shear wall design and construction shall be met. 7. Where fasteners are spaced 2 o.c., framing at adjacent 2. The tabulated values are for short-term loads and should be panel edges shall be 3 nominal or wider. reduced for normal duration of load by 40 percent based on the 8. Nails withT , brad, or casing heads are not permitted for duration of load factor of 1.6 and a diaphragm nailing factor of 1.1. sheathing attachment. Staple crown width 7/16 . 3. Adjustment for lumber specic gravity: Allowable shear Staples shall be installed with the crown of the staple values for shear walls shall be adjusted for lumber specic parallel to the long dimension of the framing lumber. gravity when 0.42G<0.5, then multiply by 0.82, when 9. Where allowable shear values exceed 350 lbf/ft, G<0.42, then multiply by 0.65. foundation sill plates and framing members with edge 4. The values for 3/8 and 7/16 panels applied directly nailing from adjoining panels shall be at least 3 nominal to framing may be increased to values shown for 15/32 members and nails shall be staggered. thick panels of the same grade where the studs are 10. In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E, or spaced a maximum of 16 o.c. or panels are applied with F in areas using the IBC, where shear design values exceed the strength axis across the studs. 450 lbf/ft (LFRD) or 350 lbf/ft (ASD), all framing members 5. When negative pressure is a design consideration, with edge nailing from adjacent panels shall be at least 3 fastener spacing shall be considered. nominal thickness and edge nailing shall be staggered.
32
[[ Shear Wall Design ]]

Product code Nail diameter (inches) Minimum fastener length (inches) Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lbf/ft) Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches) 6 4 3 320 320 265 265 230 230 200 180 145 130 195 155 500 490 415 410 360 360 305 270 220 190 290 235 Framing spacing: 16 o.c. HQ1 0.113 HQ2 0.131 Framing spacing: 24 o.c. HQ1 0.113 HQ2 0.131 I G,H F D,E B,C A J K 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge
Table 19. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 3/8 Structural 1 plywood.
2 845 835 705 695 610 610 515 465 370 325 495 400
2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2
640 640 530 530 460 460 405 365 290 255 385 315
Table 20. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 7/16 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Product code Nail diameter (inches) Minimum fastener length (inches) Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lbf/ft) Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches) 6 4 3 310 320 265 265 280 260 220 200 160 140 210 170 465 490 415 410 430 390 335 300 240 210 320 260 620 640 530 530 550 520 445 400 320 280 425 345 2 790 835 705 695 730 665 565 510 405 360 540 440
Framing spacing: 16 o.c. HQ1 0.113 HQ2 0.131 Framing spacing: 24 o.c. HQ1 0.113 HQ2 0.131 I G,H F D,E B,C A J K 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge
2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2
C 1 2
33
Table 21. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 15/32 Structural 1 plywood or OSB.
Product code Nail diameter (inches) 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge Minimum fastener length (inches) 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lbf/ft) Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches) 6 4 3 325 485 645 385 575 770 340 285 240 220 175 155 230 185 510 425 365 325 260 230 345 280 665 570 485 435 345 305 465 375 2 825 980 870 725 620 555 440 390 590 475
HQ1 HQ2 I G,H F D,E B,C A J K
Table 22. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 3/8 plywood rated sheathing.
Product code Nail diameter (inches) Minimum fastener length (inches) Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lbf/ft) Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches) 6 4 3 265 260 220 215 220 220 180 165 130 115 175 140 395 395 325 325 320 320 270 245 195 170 260 210 525 525 435 435 410 410 365 325 265 230 350 280 2 745 665 620 555 530 530 465 415 335 295 445 360
Framing spacing: 16 o.c. HQ1 0.113 HQ2 0.131 Framing spacing: 24 o.c. HQ1 0.113 HQ2 0.131 I G,H F D,E B,C A J K 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge
2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2
34
[[ Shear Wall Design ]]

Product code Nail diameter (inches) 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge Minimum fastener length (inches) 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lbf/ft) HQ1 HQ2 I G,H F D,E B,C A J K
Table 23. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 15/32 Plywood rated sheathing.
Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches) 6 4 3 295 445 585 350 530 690 310 255 220 195 155 140 210 170 460 385 325 295 235 205 310 255 600 510 435 390 310 275 415 335
2 750 885 770 650 555 500 395 350 530 430
Table 24. Shear wall unit shear allowable design values (lbf/ft). Sheathing: 19/32 Plywood rated sheathing.
Product code Nail diameter (inches) 0.113 0.131 0.148 0.131 0.120 0.113 0.099 0.092 15 gauge 16 gauge Minimum fastener length (inches) 2 1/2 2 1/2 3 2 1/2 3 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 Allowable shear wall values, Fv (lbf/ft) Fastener spacing at panel edges (inches) 6 4 3 290 435 585 350 520 695 340 285 245 225 180 160 230 185 510 430 370 335 270 245 345 280 665 575 495 445 360 325 465 375 2 745 885 870 730 630 570 460 415 590 475
HQ1 HQ2 I G,H F D,E B,C A J K
C 1 2
35
|| WIND RESISTANCE ||
Design for wind forces requires attention to pressures that are imposed on the walls as lateral racking forces, lateral forces create out-of-plane bending and negative pressures where fastener withdrawal can be the controlling load. The prescriptive nailing schedules differentiate between edge nailing, meaning the panel edges, and the eld nailing, meaning the attachment to the intermediate framing members.
able 25 provides prescriptive nailing schedules recognized in the IBC and IRC for wind speeds that are less than 110 mph, mean building height less than 30, Importance factor =1.0, and topographic factor = 1.0. In Table 25, the adjustment factor for Exposure C at 30 height is 1.4. The roof sheathing nailing zones referenced in Tables 25 and 26 are shown in Figure 15. Any of the HurriQuake nails can be used as an alternate to 8d common nails or galvanized 8d box nails in the Table 25 fastening schedules because the HurriQuake Nails exceed the 8d common in withdrawal and lateral shear design capacities. Prescriptive nail schedules for HurriQuake nails are given in Table 26 for negative pressure resistance in wind conditions up to 170 mph (3-sec gust) in Exposure B or Exposure C. The prescriptive nailing schedules should be checked to verify that sufcient lateral resistance is provided for the roof to function as a diaphragm. In Table 26, only the HurriQuake eld nail schedule is given because, 6 edge nailing is sufcient for all roof zones in all wind zones for site Exposures B and C. Figure 15. Roof Zones for use with prescriptive nailing schedules of Table 24 and Table 25; Roof Zones for UBC, IBC, and IRC. For gable roofs slope 7, shaded area is Zone 1; for gable roof 7 < slope 45, shaded area is Zone 2.
A 3 1 3 A A 2
A: 10% of least dimension or 40% of the mean height of the structure, whichever is smaller, but not less than either 4% of least horizontal dimension or 3 ft.
Table 25. Roof sheathing fastening requirements for compliance with the IBC and IRC.
Panel thickness (inches) 1/2 Product code HQ1, HQ2 D, E 19/32 to 3/4 K HQ1, HQ2 D, E 7/8 to 1 1-1/8 to 1-1/4 K HQ1, HQ2 H HQ1, HQ2 I Fastener 2.5 x 0.0113 2.375 x 0.113 2 x 16-gauge staple 2.5 x 0.131 2.375 x 0.113 2 x1 6-gauge staple 2.5 x 0.131 2.5 (8d) deformed shank 3 x 0.148 3 (10d) deformed shank Maximum fastener spacing, edge/eld (inches o.c.) 6/12 4/8 3/6 6/12 4/8 4/8 6/12 6/12 6/12 6/12
36
[[ Wind Resistance ]]
Roof slope (degrees) Roof rise (inches per 12 inches run) Roof zone4 Basic wind speed (v)(3-second gust, mph) 80<v<100 105<v<120 125<v<150 Exposure category B and C B C B
Table 26. HurriQuake fastening requirements for compliance with IBC and IRC in wind zones up to 170 mph (3-s gust) with Exposures B and C (roof zones shown in Figure 14).
v<170 C B C
Bostitch HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.113 or 0.131 , sheathing 7/16 ts 19/32 inch, framing 16 oc 0 to 7 +7 to 27 +27 to 45 0 to 1.5 1.5+ to 6 6+ to 12 2 3 2 3 2 3 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 8 12 12 12 12 12 8 12 8 12 12 12 8 12 12 12 12 12 8 12 8 12 12 12 8 12 12 12 12 8 6 12 6 12 12
Bostitch HurriQuake Nail, Diameter = 0.113 or 0.131 , sheathing 15/32 ts 19/32 inch, framing 24 oc 0 to 7 +7 to 27 +27 to 45 0 to 1.5 1.5+ to 6 6+ to 12 2 3 2 3 2 3 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 8 12 8 12 12 12 8 12 8 12 12 8 6 8 6 12 12 8 6 8 6 12 12 6 4 6 4 8 8
For SI: 1 mph = 1.61 km/h, 1 inch = 25.4 mm 1. The tabulated nail schedule is based on wind uplift pressure pnet determined for components and cladding of buildings designed to resist loads in accordance with method 1 (ASCE7-05, section 6.4) 2. Tabulated values account for duration of load. Other NDS adjustment factors may be needed. 3. Edge nail spacing is 6 o.c. for all roof slopes, roof zones, and wind speeds for Exposures B and C. 4. Zone 1 nailing schedule for roof slopes (0 to 45 degrees), wind speeds (0 to 170 mph (274 km/h)), and Exposures B and C is 6 (152 mm) o.c. edge and 12 (305 mm) o.c. eld for sheathing 7/16 (11.1 mm) ts 19/32 (15.1 mm). 5. Nailing schedule assumptions: a. Mean roof height 30 (9144 mm) b. Exposure categories B and C as dened in ASCE 7-05. c. Net design uplift pressure (Components and Cladding), pnet, based on ASCE 7-05, adjustment factor, =1.4; importance factor, I=1.0; pnet30 complies with Figure 6-4 of ASCE 7-05, effective wind area 10 ft2 (0.929 m2). d. Roof framing members have a nominal thickness of 2 (51 mm), spaced 24 (610 mm) on center in Roof Zone 1 for all wind speeds e. Roof framing member average specic gravity 0.42. f. Wood structural panel roof sheathing is 24/16 Rated Sheathing (maximum thickness inch [12.7 mm]), 32/16 Rated Sheathing (thickness 15/32 to 19/32 [11.9 mm to 15.1 mm]) or 40/20 rated sheathing (19/32 [15.1 mm]); oriented with the strength axis perpendicular to the framing; and blocked. g. Minimum penetration, p, of the Stanley Bostitch HurriQuake nails into the roof framing members is 1.9 (51 mm). h. Gable roof with 45 degrees, or hip roof with 27 degrees, where is roof angle from horizontal. 6. Refer to Figure 14 for roof fastening zones. 7 . The combination plywood sheathing ts 15/32 , (rated 24/16 and 32/16), frame spacing 24 o.c., roof slope < 27 degrees should not be used where wind velocity > 140 mph with Exposure C.
C 1 3
37
|| STANLEY BOSTITCH PRODUCT CODES||

These product codes are provided for convenience of the Guide user. A complete list of fastener products and tools is available on line at www.Bostitch.com
Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku C7P90BDG C8P90BDG 0.092 Smooth Thickcoat 15 degree wire weld coil C6P99D C8P99D 0.099 Smooth Brite 15 degree wire weld coil C8R99BD FC7DS099BD-PP C6R99BC FC8DS099BD-PP 0.099 Deformed Brite 15 degree wire weld coil S6D-FH S6D-2M S8D 0.113 Smooth Brite 28 degree wire weld stick RH-S6DHDG RH-S8D113HDG 0.113 Smooth Thickcoat 21 degree plastic stick C8R113DG C6P99DG C8P99DG 0.099 Smooth Thickcoat 15 degree wire weld coil C7R99BCG C8R99BDSS C8R99BCG 0.099 Deformed Thickcoat 15 degree wire weld coil S6DGAL-FH S6DGAL-2M S8DGAL 0.113 Smooth Thickcoat 28 degree wire weld stick PT-S6D113EP PT-S8D113EP 0.113 Smooth Brite 33 degree paper stick S6DR113GAL-FH S6DR113GAL S8DRGAL 0.113 Deformed Thickcoat 28 degree wire weld stick 0.099 Deformed Stainless 15 degree wire weld coil RH-S6DEP RH-S8D113EP 0.113 Smooth Brite 21 degree plastic stick PT-S8D113HDG 0.113 Smooth Thickcoat 33 degree paper stick RH-S8DR113EP
Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku
S6DR113-FH S6DR113-2M S8DR S8DS 0.113 Deformed Brite 28 degree wire weld stick
Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation
0.113 Deformed Thickcoat 15 degree wire weld coil
0.113 Deformed Brite 21 degree wire weld stick
38
[[ Product Codes ]]
Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku RH-S6DRHDG RH-S8DR11HDG 0.113 Deformed Thickcoat 21 degree plastic stick C10P120D C12P120D C8P120D 0.120 Smooth Brite 15 degree wire weld coil RH-S10D120EP RH-S12D120EP 0.120 Smooth Brite 21degree plastic stick C8P131D-4.5M C10P131D C12P131D C16P131D 0.131 Smooth Brite 15 degree wire weld coil RH-S8D131EP RH-S10D131EP RH-S12D131EP RH-S16D131EP 0.131 Smooth Brite 21degree plastic stick C10S131DG 0.131 Deformed Thickcoat 15 degree wire weld coil PT-S6DR113EP PT-S8DR113EP 0.113 Deformed Brite 33 degree paper stick C10P120DG C12P120DG C8P120DG 0.120 Smooth Thickcoat 15 degree wire weld coil RH-S10D120HDG 0.120 Smooth Thickcoat 22 degree plastic stick C10P131DG C16P131DG
PT-S8DR113HDG 0.113 Deformed Thickcoat 33 degree paper stick S10D-FH S12D-FH S8D-FH 0.120 Smooth Brite 28 degree wire weld stick PT-S10D120EP 0.120 Smooth Brite 33 degree paper stick S8D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D131-FH S16D131-FH 0.131 Smooth Brite 28 degree wire weld stick PT-S10D131EP PT-S12D131EP PT-S16D131EP 0.131 Smooth Brite 33 degree paper stick S12DR131-FH 0.131 Deformed Thickcoat 28 degree wire weld coil S10DGAL-FH S12DGAL-FH S8DGAL-FH 0.120 Smooth Thickcoat 28 degree wire weld stick PT-S10D120HDG 0.120 Smooth Thickcoat 33 degree paper stick S8D131GAL S16D131GAL-FH S10D131GAL S12D131GAL S16D131GAL 0.131 Smooth Thickcoat 28 degree wire weld stick PT-S12D131HDG PT-S16D131HDG
Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku
Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku
0.131 Smooth Thickcoat 15 degree wire weld coil RH-S8D131HDG RH-S10D131HDG RH-S12D131HDG RH-S16D131HDG 0.131 Smooth Thickcoat 22 degree plastic stick S16DS 0.131 Deformed Brite 28 degree wire weld stick
Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation
0.131 Smooth Thickcoat 33 degree paper stick
C 1 4 39
Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku
RH-S10DR131EP 0.1131 Deformed Brite 21 degree plastic stick C10P148D-SHORT
RH-S10DR131HDG 0.131 Deformed Thickcoat 22 degree paper stick RH-S214DEP RH-S10D148EP RH-S12D148EP 0.148 Smooth Brite 21 degree plastic stick
Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku
0.148 Smooth Brite 15 degree wire weld coil 15S4-44G 15S4-50GA 15S4-57G 15S4-63G 15 Smooth Brite Adhesive 16S2-38 16S4-38 16S4-41 16S4-44 16S4-50 16S5-38 16S5-40 16S5-44 16S5-50 16 Smooth Brite Adhesive RH-S16D162EP 0.162 Smooth Brite 21 degree plastic stick RH-S16D135EP 0.135 Smooth Brite 21 degree plastic stick
Staple gauge Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku
16S2-38GAL 16S4-38GAL 16S4-41GAL 16S4-44GAL 16S4-50GAL 16S5-44GAL 16S5-50GAL
Staple gauge Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation
16 Smooth Galvanized Adhesive
40
[[ Product Codes ]]
Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation Bostitch sku Wire diameter Shank type Coating Collation C8DR113-HQ 0.113 Deformed Brite 15 degree wire weld coil C8DR131-HQ 0.131 Deformed Brite 15 degree wire weld coil C10DR113-HQ 0.113 Deformed Brite 15 degree wire weld coil C10DR131-HQ 0.131 Deformed Brite 15 degree wire weld coil PT-MC13115-1M 0.131 Smooth Brite Paper PT-MC13125-1M 0.131 Smooth Brite Paper PT-MC14815-1M 0.148 Smooth Brite Paper PT-MC14825-1M 0.148 Smooth Brite Paper PT-MC16225-1M 0.162 Smooth Brite Paper PT-MC13115GAL-1M 0.131 Smooth Galvanized Paper PT-MC13125GAL-1M 0.131 Smooth Galvanized Paper PT-MC14815GAL-1M 0.148 Smooth Galvanized Paper PT-MC14825GAL-1M 0.148 Smooth Galvanized Paper PT-MC16225GAL-1M 0.162 Smooth Galvanized Paper RH-S8DR113-HQ 0.113 Deformed Brite 21 degree plastic RH-S8DR131-HQ 0.131 Deformed Brite 21 degree plastic
RH-S8DR113-HQG 0.113 Deformed Thickcoat 22 degree plastic RH-S8DR131-HQG 0.131 Deformed Thickcoat 22 degree plastic
C 1 4 41
[[ Appendix 1.
|| APPENDIX 1 BUILDING CODE ACRONYMS ||
Where the TLAs are ying, this sheet will help you to stay in the conversation.
AF&PA AISI AITC APA ASCE ASD ASTM AWPA BNBC BOCA CABO COLA RR CNBC CSA DF DFL ESR EWP FBC FEMA HQ IAPMO-ES 42
American Forest & Paper Association American Iron and Steel Institute American Institute of Timber Construction American Plywood Association The Engineered Wood Association American Society of Civil Engineers
ICBO ICC ICC-ES ICC-IAS ICC-600 IEBC IFC IMPC IRC ISANTA ISO LRFD LSD LSL LVL MCN MSR MWFRS NDS NER NLGA NRC
International Conference of Building Ofcials; now part of ICC International Code Council; resulted from the 2000 merger of BOCA, CABO, ICBO, and SBBCI International Code Council Evaluation Service International Code Council International Accreditation Service International Code Council design standard 600 for residential construction in high-wind regions, to be implemented in 2008. International Existing Building Code International Fire Code International Mechanical and Plumbing Code International Residential Code (IRC 2006 is the current revision) International Staple, Nail and Tool Association International Organization for Standardization Load and resistance factor design Limit states design Laminated strand lumber, a type of SCL Laminated veneer lumber, a type of SCL Metal connector nails Machine stress-rated lumber Main wind force resisting system National Design Specication for Wood Construction National evaluation report National Lumber Grading Authority (Canadian) National Research Council Canada
Allowable stress design American Society for Testing and Materials American Wood Protection Association, formerly the American Wood Preservers Association BOCA National Building Code Building Ofcials and Code Administration; now part of ICC Council of American Building Ofcials; now part of ICC City of Los Angeles, Research Report; or sometimes seen asLA RR Canadian National Building Code Canadian Standards Association International Douglas-r Douglas Fir-Larch, a mixed commercial species group of DF and Larch Evaluation service report (aka, acode report) also called anER Engineered wood products Florida Building Code US Department of Federal Emergency Management Administration HurriQuake Nails International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Ofcials Evaluation Service
. Building Code Acronyms ]]

OSB OSL PE PSL RR SBC SBCCI SCL SE SI SP SPF SPFS SPIB SSTD-10 SDPWS UBC
Oriented strandboard, a wood structural panel Oriented strand lumber, a type of SCL Professional engineer, title earned by examination Parallel strand lumber, a type of SCL Research Report from LA City Standard Building Code Southern Building Code Conference International; now part of ICC Structural composite lumber Structural Engineer, title earned by examination International System of Units, the modern metric units Southern Pine, a commercial lumber species group of four species of Southern Pine grown in the southeast U.S. Spruce-Pine-Fir, a commercial lumber species group of Canadian-grown woods that includes eight species of wood Spruce-Pine-Fir (South), a commercial lumber species group for US-grown woods that includes nine species of wood Southern Pine Inspection Bureau Standard for hurricane resistant construction, last revision in 1999 Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic Uniform Building Code, last revision in 1997
C 1 4 43
|| APPENDIX 2 GLOSSARY ||
AC (n) ANSI (n) ASCE 7-05 (n) ASD (n) ASTM (n) AF&PA (n) APA (n)
Acceptance criteria, a set of rules that are used by an evaluation service to evaluate building materials for compliance under the building codes. American National Standards Institute. www.ansi.org Document published by the American Society of Civil Engineers referenced in the building codes that describes assignment of loads to building structures. Allowable stress design. American Society for Testing and Materials. www.astm.org American Forest & Paper Association, parent organization to the American Wood Council, which publishes the NDS. www.awc.org The Engineered Wood Association, formerly the American Plywood Association and before that the Douglas-Fir Plywood Association. www.apawood.org American Wood Council, www.awc.org American Wood Protection Association. ANSI recognized association of wood treatment chemical manufacturers that writes and maintains standards for wood treatment chemicals and wood treatment chemical performance. www.awpa.com Diaphragm that has the edges of the structural panels nailed to framing and blocking so that there are no free edges. Nail made from low carbon steel with a at full round head, diamond point, shank diameter that is smaller than a common nail, and in the size range of 6d to 40d for structural purposes Describes a surface or fastener with no coating.
Chemically treated wood (n) Collation (n) Common wire nail (n) Corrosion resistant fasteners (n)
Wood that was treated with chemicals to protect the wood from biological hazard or to act as a re retardent. The process of aligning multiple fasteners and connecting them with a material (plastic, paper or wire) so that they can be placed in a tool. Nail made from low-carbon steel with a at, full round head, diamond point, and in the size range 4d to 60d for structural purposes. Fasteners that meet or exceed the corrosion resistance of a corrosion resistant benchmark fastener, e.g., a nail that is hot-dip galvanized to ASTM A153, Class D. The codes recognize stainless steel, copper, silicon bronze, and hot-dip galvanized (ASTM A153, Class D) as corrosion resistant nails. Canadian National Building Code. Canadian Standards Association. www.csa.ca Weight of construction materials and xtures attached to the building. Shank of a nail that has been modied so that it is not smooth or necessarily round in cross section. Mass per unit volume of material. In traditional units for wood, it is expressed as weight per volume in lb/ft3, and in SI units, the units are kg/m3. Lateral force resisting assembly in light-frame construction that is horizontal or inclined at an angle less than 90 degrees to horizontal, e.g., roof deck, oor. The diaphragm is assumed to work as a deep beam. Cylindrical object used as a mechanical fastener for wood-frame construction.
CNBC (n) CSA (n) Dead load (n) Deformed shank (n) Density (n) Diaphragm (n) Dowel (n)
AWC (n) AWPA (n)
Blocked diaphragm (n) Box nail (n)
Brite (adj)
Duration of load effect (n) Face-nail connection (n)
Response of wood and wood-based materials to loading where greater loads are resisted for short periods of time than can be resisted for long periods of time. Nail connection where the side member and the main member are positioned such that the nail enters the face or side grain of both members, e.g., double top plates.
Cement (n)
Polymeric coating (natural or synthetic) usually added to enhance withdrawal resistance. Does not provide corrosion or re resistance. (adj) Describes a fastener with a polymeric coating.
44
[[ Appendix 2. Glossary ]]
Effective head area (n) Electrogalvanization (n) End-nail connection (n) ER-120 (n)
Nail head area available to resist pull-through, calculated as total nail head area minus the crosssectional area of the shank where the head and shank are joined divided by the area of the head. Process to attach a zinc coating to steel.
EWP (n)
Engineered wood products, a family of products made from wood for structural applications including I-joist, wood sheathing panels, and structural composite lumber. Digital system to describe the diameter of wire and thickness of metal plates, also as gage. An engineered material made of wood laminations that are thicker than and bonded with an adhesive. The grain direction in all laminations is in the same direction. Mark applied by a registered agency to indicate the engineering properties. Required for structural wood products including lumber and engineered wood products. Marks on the shank of the nail, generally close to the head, created by the processing equipment when the nail was held during head formation. Wood from a tree with broad leaves, not needles. Material hardness is not implied or inferred from the term hardwood. Surface that is impacted for driving, a characteristic feature of fasteners that is on one end of the fastener. The head geometry is based on intended purpose of the fastener and installation method. Method of applying zinc to steel that involves dipping the steel object to be coated in molten zinc. International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Ofcials, Evaluation Service. ANSI accredited providers of building code compliance evaluation services for building materials. www.iapmoes.org International Code Council. www.iccsafe.org International Building Code (2006) International Code Council Evaluation Service, a subsidiary of ICC. An ANSIaccredited provider of building code compliance evaluation services for building materials. www.icc-es.org
Gauge (n) Glulam (n)
Nailed connection where the nail passes through the side grain of the side member and is embedded in the end grain of the main member, e.g., a stud-plate connection. Evaluation report No. 120 for HurriQuake nails that provides evidence of compliance with IBC, IRC, SSTD-10, Florida Building Code, and California Building Code. Issued by IAPMO-ES Evaluation report No. 1482 provides evidence that THICKCOAT galvanized nails meet or exceed the corrosion resistance of nails hot-dip galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153, Class D and can be used as an alternate to hotdip galvanized nails for construction in compliance with the IBC and IRC. Evaluation Service Report No. 1539 that provides engineering values for nails and staples used in wood-frame construction. This report shows compliance with the IBC, IRC, and all legacy codes except SSTD-10. Evaluation Service Report No. 2020 for HurriQuake nails that provides compliance evaluation for the IBC and IRC. Issued by ICC-ES Evaluation report No. 2122 provides evidence that metal connector nails are in compliance with IBC and IRC requirements for nails.
Grade stamp (n)
ESR-1482 (n)
Gripper marks (n) Hardwood (n) Head (n)
ESR-1539 (n)
ESR-2020 (n) ESR-2122 (n)
Hot-dip galvanized (n) IAPMO-ES (n)
ER-5426 (n)
Evaluation report No. 5426 that provides engineering evaluation for power-driven pins for use in construction with cold-formed steel framing and wood structural panel sheathing. Issued by ICC-ES and shows compliance with UBC 1997 . Also called anevaluation service report. Document issued by an evaluation service that describes a construction material or object and its compliance with named building codes.
ICC (n) IBC (n) ICC-ES (n)
Evaluation report (n)
C 1 4 45
C 1 4
ICC-IAS (n)
International Code Council International Accreditation Service, a subsidiary of ICC that accredits laboratories for testing building materials and reviews quality control documentation. www.icc-ias.org International Residential Code (2006).
MSR (n)
Machine stress-rated lumber. A method for mechanical testing and marking sawn lumber products.
IRC (n) ISANTA (n)
Nail (n) NDS (n)
Dowel fastener that typically is driven and used for coneccting members and sheathing in lightframe construction National Design Specication for Wood Construction published by the American Forest & Paper Association, Washington, D.C. Available at www.awc.org Evaluation report for power-driven fasteners, sometimes calledthe ISANTA report, that was replaced by ESR-1539 in 2005 and is now obsolete. Oriented strandboard, a wood structural panel made from strands of wood that are consolidated under heat and pressure and held together with adhesive. Historic method of specifying nails that implied nail size in terms of cost for 100 nails in pence or pennies, e.g., 16d nails cost 16 pence for 100 nails. Power-driven nails used for construction where the fastener penetrates cold-formed steel framing to attach wood structural panels in shear walls and diaphragms. An example is the Stanley Bostitch ballistic nail C4DCSBALG. Panel that is made from wood veneers that are bonded with adhesive under heat and pressure. Most plywood panels are made with the grain direction turned 90 degrees for adjacent veneers. Wood that has been treated with a chemical to prevent the occurrence of fungal decay and insect attack. Property that describes the result of the connection side member being pulled over the head of the fastener while the fastener remains embedded in the main member. Grade of wood structural panel that is used for sheathing.
International Staple, Nail, and Tool, Association. Stanley Bostitch is a member of ISANTA. ISANTA is the report holder of ESR-1539. www.isanta.org Also called alegacy code. Model building codes that are no longer maintained. An example is the Uniform Building Code (UBC). Transient loads of many durations associated with construction, habitation, and repair of the building. Lateral force resisting system the combination of walls and diaphragms of a building structure Sequence of elements by which the loads are carried through a structure. Load and Resistance Factor Design.
Legacy building code (n) Live load (n)
NER272 (n)
OSB (n)
LFRS (n) Load Path (n) LRFD (n) Main member (n)
Pennyweight system (n) Pins (n)
Material part of a connection where the tip of the fastener is embedded and adjacent to the side member.
Plywood (n)
Mechanical galvanization (n) Metal connector nails (n) Moisture content (n)
Mechanical method of attaching a zinc coating to steel.
Nails used to attach metal hardware to wood and wood-based materials; abbreviated as MCN.
Preservative treated wood (n) Pull-through (n) Rated sheathing (n)
Percent of moisture in wood where zero moisture (oven-dry) is the basis of the percentage, MC(%)=[(Wod-Ww)/Wod]*100, where Wod is oven-dry weight, Ww is weight with water, and MC is moisture content.
46
[[ Appendix 2. Glossary ]]
Reference design property (n) Ring shank (n) SCL (n)
Base design property before application of adjustment factors.
Fasteners: A complete guide
Stiffness (n) Strength (n) SLS (n)
Material or assembly property that characterizes resistance to deection, displacement, or deformation and generally based on the linear force-displacement behavior. Stiffness is not the same as strength. Material or assembly property that characterizes the capacity of the material or assembly to resist forces. Strength is not the same as stiffness. Abbreviation for strength limit state, which is the maximum force resisted by the part or assembly.
Nail shank with deformations that are a ring-like geometry where the rings are at 90 degrees to the axis of the shank Structural composite lumber, an engineered material that is made from akes, strands or veneers of wood that are combined with adhesives and consolidated with heat and pressure. SCL has three distinct material orientations as described in ASTM D5456. Threaded dowel fastener generally placed by engaging the head and turning under presure. Force in a plane that causes sliding or change of shape to planar objects.
Screw (n) Shear (n)
Structural 1 (n) Tip (n)
Grade of plywood or OSB that has greater shear resistance than other grades of plywood and OSB. A characteristic of a nail, the part of the nail that enters the materials when the nail is driven. Typical tip geometries are diamond, blunt diamond, ballistic, etc, and each has different penetration characteristics. Nailed connection where the nail is driven at a 30-degree angle through the side member into the side grain of the main member. System of units that is widely used in the US, e.g., pounds force (lbf), inches (in), feet (ft). Design capacity of a shear wall or diaphragm in force per unit length, e.g., pounds per foot or Newtons per metre.
Shear wall (n) Sheathing (n) SI units (n) Side grain (n)
Wall assembly that is part of the lateral force resisting system in a building. Shear walls are usually perpendicular to the oor. Panel that is attached to the outside surface of the framing. International System of Units, metric units system used by most of the rest of the world, e.g., Newtons (N), meters (m), millimeters (mm), Pascals, (Pa), kiliograms (kg). The use of centimeters (cm) is generally discouraged in the modern SI system. Wood grain observed on the thickness and width of sawn lumber.
Toe-nail connection (n) Traditional units (n) Unit shear resistance (n) Visually graded lumber (n) Withdrawal (n) Wood structural panel (n) Yield limit equations (n)
Wood that has been assigned engineering properties based grading rules that are derived from characteristics that are visually apparent to those trained in the application of the grading rules. A large percentage of sawn lumber used for construction is visually graded. Failure mode where the fastener is extracted from the main member of the connection. Engineered material in a panel form made from wood and used as a rated sheathing material for light-frame construction. Plywood and OSB are examples. Design equations from the NDS for shear resistance of single-fastener connections. The calculated yield limit corresponds with a yield mode. Also called the European Yield Mode (EYM) equations.
Side member (n) Sinker (n)
Member of a connection that the fastener tip passes entirely through and is adjacent to head of the fastener. Nail made from low carbon steel and having a round head with convex under surface, diamond tip, and having a shank that is smaller in diameter than a common nail. Recognized for structural use in sizes from 6d to 60d. Wood that comes from coniferous trees (needlebearing trees), e.g., pine, spruce, r, Douglas-r. Material hardness is not implied or inferred from the termsoftwood. Driven fastener with shank diameter greater than common nails.
Softwood (n) Spike (n)
C 1 4 47
C 1 4
Stanley-Bostitch | Briggs Drive, East Greenwich, Rhode Island 02818 Customer Service Phone: 1-800-556-6696 | Fax: 1-800-842-9360 | www.Bostitch.com Stanley, Bostitch, HurriQuake, and ThickCoat are registered trademarks of The Stanley Works or its afliates in the United States and/or elsewhere. National Design Specication and NDS are registered trademarks of American Forest & Paper Association, Inc. GA1381 11/08

GA1381 Fasteners Guide 0909

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Fasteners: A Complete Guide

A complete guide to understand and specify fasteners for light-frame construction

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Fasteners: A complete guide

Figure 2. Head markings for HurriQuake nails

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

onstruction Nails & Staples ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Figure 4. Characteristics and dimensions of driven fasteners.

Figure 5. Examples of ring-shanked and screw-shank nails.

Head Diameter Head Thickness Crown width Crown

Shank Leg Nail Length Shank diameter Wire gauge Length

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Figure 7. Toe-nail connection geometry.

Toe nail connection L Ls=L/3

Main member Grain direction

e-Fastener Connection Geometry ener Corrosion Resistance ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

HurriQuake Nail HQ1 HQ2 Quantity 3 3

top or sole plate-to-stud (8)(E)

Top or Sole Plate-to-Stud (8)(T)

2.374 x 0.113 2 x 0.113 2.25 x 0.099

er Selection & Substitution ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

An example for a shear wall with the determined conditions below.

er Selection & Substitution ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Conditions Diaphragm Other 19/32 24 Unblocked 2-6 Unblocked 2 DF

Nail Withdrawal Design ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

le-Fastener tion Lateral Shear Design ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Plywood structural 1/OSB

3/8 7/16 15/32 7/8

Plywood/single oor and other grades in DOC PS1 and PS2

3/8 15/32 19/32 23/32

le-Fastener tion Lateral Shear Design ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

ZHQ1 = 175G1.2 ZHQ2 = 195G1.2 ZHQ3 = 370G1.5 ZHQ4 = 245G0.9

Connection Description Joist-to-band joist (29)[E]

HurriQuake Nail Quantity HQ1 4 HQ2 4

Product Code L I G.H G,H F F L I G.H G,H F F G,H I G,H G,H F F

ledger strip (30)(F)

Ledger strip (30)[F]

3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131

joist-to-sill or girder or (1)(T) girder (1)[T] Joist-to-sill

ptive Framing Connections ]]

Fasteners: A Complete Guide

Connection Description Blocking (joist or rafter) to top plate (13)[T]

HurriQuake Nail Quantity HQ1 3

Bridging-to-joist (2)[T](fasteners at each end)

Rim joist-to-top plate (14)[T]

S8D-FH RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D-FH S6DFH

E,D I G,H G,H F F E,D E,D B,C L I G,H G,H

2 x 0.113 2.25 x 0.099 3.5 x 0.162 3 x 0.148 3.25 x 0.131 3 x 0.131

built-up girders and beams

Built-up girders and beams, 2 layers (IRC)[F]

RH-S16D162EP RH-S10D148EP S12D131-FH S10D131-FH

S12D-FH S10D-FH S8D131-FH RH-S16D162EP S10D131-FH RH-S16D135EP

HurriQuake Nail Quantity HQ1 3 HQ2 3

top or sole plate-to-stud (8)(E)

Top or sole plate-to-stud (8)[T]

Top plate laps and intersections (13) [F]