Column Splice

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice
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Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice EN 1993-1-8, EN1993-1-1 Edurne Nunez Abdul Malik
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This example presents a method for verifying the adequacy of a nonbearing column splice using bolted flange and web cover plates. The design forces on the cover plates are determined from the axial load on the column, the nominal moments and shear forces. The design resistances of the cover plates and the bolt groups are then determined. The example also demonstrates the calculation of the tensile tying resistance of the splice for structural integrity.
Column Splice Design Resistance
This example presents full details and procedures for each of the possible design checks; it also includes diagrams both for the notations and for the dimensions. In practice the presentation would normally be much shorter.
Created on Friday, September 07, 2012 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
Design procedures are in accordance with guidance in SN023. Table 1 gives the Section number in this example where the procedure for calculating the design resistance is presented. In Section 13, a summary of the values for design resistances and critical mode of failure are given. Table 1: Design resistance of a non-bearing column splice Mode of failure Flange cover plate compression tension Flange cover plate bolt group Web cover plate Web cover plate bolt group Column web bolt group Structural integrity of the splice (under tying force) Section 7 NRd,fp,c NRd,fp,t VRd,fp NRd,wp,c VRd,wp VRd,w NRd,u Design Resistance
SN023
8 9 10 11 12
Column Splice Details
The details of the column splice are based on guidance for initial sizing given in SN024 and are shown in the Figures below. The hole positions for bolts comply with minimum and maximum spacing, end and edge distance requirements of 3.5 of EN1993-1-8. EN1993-1-8 3.5
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Column splice - Details

e 1,fp
p1,fp Lj p1,fp p1,fp gv n fp= 8
h fp p1,fp,j
p1,fp
Lj
p1,fp p1,fp
n fp= 8
e 2,fp
p 2,fp b fp
e 2,fp
t f,uc t pa
e 2,w
e 1,wp e 1,w gv p 1,wp
n wp= 4
h wp p 1,wp,j
p 1,wp n wp= 4
e 2,wp
p 2,wp b wp
e 2,wp
t fp t f,lc
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50 80 240 80 80 10 690 110 80 240 80 80 50

n fp= 8
n fp= 8
55 12.5 25 85 HE 260 A
150 260
55
40 50 10 350 110 80 40 35 80 150 12 19 HE 300 B 35

n wp= 4
80
n wp= 4
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Main joint data

Non bearing column splice HE 260A, S355 HE 300B, S355 Flange and web cover plates, S355 M24, class 8.8 (Category A: Bearing type, Non-preloaded)
Configuration Upper column Lower column Type of connection Bolts
3.1 Upper Column HE 260A, S355

Depth Width
huc buc tf,uc ruc Auc
= 250 mm = 260 mm = 12,5 mm = 24 mm = 86,80 cm2
Thickness of the web Thickness of the flange Fillet radius Area Area of web Area of flange Yield strength Ultimate tensile strength
tw,uc = 7,5 mm
Aw,uc = 21,80 cm2 Af,uc = 32,50 cm2 fy,uc = 355 N/mm2 fu,uc = 510 N/mm2 nfp = 8 nwp= 4
Number of bolts between one flange cover plate and upper column Number of bolts between web cover plate and upper column Direction of load transfer (1) End of upper column to first bolt row on column web Pitch between bolt rows on column web Direction perpendicular to load transfer (2)
el,w = 50 mm pl,w =p1,wp= 80 mm
Edge of upper column to first bolt line on the column web e2,w= 85 mm Pitch between bolt lines on column web p2,w =p2,wp= 80 mm
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3.2 Lower Column HE 300B, S355

Depth Width Thickness of the web Thickness of the flange Fillet radius Area Area of web Area of flange Yield strength Ultimate tensile strength
hlc blc tf,lc rlc Alc
= 300 mm = 300 mm = 19 mm = 27 mm = 149,10 cm2
tw,lc = 11 mm
Aw,lc = 35,10 cm2 Af,lc = 57,00 cm2 fy,lc fu,lc = 355 N/mm2 = 510 N/mm2
3.3 Flange cover plate 260 12 690, S355

Vertical gap between column ends Height Width Thickness gv hfp bfp tfp = 10 mm = 690 mm = 260 mm = 12 mm nfp = 8
Number of bolts between one flange cover plate and upper column Direction of load transfer (1) Plate edge to first bolt row Pitch between bolt rows Pitch between bolt rows (across joint) Direction perpendicular to load transfer (2) Plate edge to first bolt line Pitch between bolt lines Yield strength Ultimate tensile strength e2,fp = 55 mm p2,fp = 150 mm fy,p fu,p = 355 N/mm2 = 510 N/mm2 el,fp = 50 mm pl,fp = 80 mm pl,fp.j = 110 mm
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3.4 Flange packs 250 25 340, S355

Vertical gap between column ends Depth Width Thickness gv = 10 mm hfp,pa = 340 mm bfp,pa = 250 mm tpa = 25 mm
3.5 Web cover plate 150 8 350, S355

Vertical gap between column ends Height Width Thickness hwp bwp twp gv = 10 mm = 350 mm = 150 mm = 8 mm
Number of bolts between web cover plate and upper column nwp = 4 Direction of load transfer (1) Plate edge to first bolt row Pitch between bolt rows Pitch between bolt rows (across joint) Direction perpendicular to load transfer (2) Plate edge to first bolt line Pitch between bolt lines Yield strength Ultimate tensile strength e2,wp = 35 mm p2,wp = 80 mm fy,p fu,p = 355 N/mm2 = 510 N/mm2 el,wp = 40 mm pl,wp = 80 mm pl,wp,j = 110 mm
3.6 Web packs 150 2 170, S355

Vertical gap between column ends Height Width Thickness gv = 10 mm hwp,pa = 170 mm bwp,pa = 150 mm twp,pa = 2 mm
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3.7 Bolts M24, class 8.8 (Category A: Bearing type, Non-preloaded)

Tensile stress area Diameter of the shank Diameter of the holes Yield strength Ultimate tensile strength As d d0 fyb fub = 353 mm2 = 24 mm = 26 mm = 640 N/mm2 = 800 N/mm2
4
MO M1 M2
Partial safety factors

= 1,0 = 1,0 = 1,25 (for design resistance at ULS) = 1,1 (for tying resistance at ULS)
M,u
Design forces and moments (at ULS)

NEd,G = 825 kN NEd,Q = 942 kN NEd = 1767 kN MEd = 15 kNm VEd = 8 kN NEd,u = 400 kN
Compression force due to permanent load Compression force due to variable load Total design force Nominal design bending moment (due to permanent and variable loads) Shear force (due to permanent and variable loads) Tying force
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Design model
For maximum design compression force in the flange cover plates and maximum compression in the web cover plates (see Figure 6.1): Assumed that all the beams are subjected to permanent and variable actions in combination.
M Ed N Ed V Ed
NEd VEd MEd
= =
NEd,G + NEd,Q VEd,G + VEd,Q
is the nominal design moment (see SN005) (due to permanent and variable actions) in the upper column, i.e. at the floor level immediately below the splice. = MEd,G + MEd,Q
N Ed,fp,c
V Ed 2 N Ed,wp
For evaluation of NEd,fp,c and NEd,wp, see Sections 7 and 9 respectively.
Figure 6.1
For maximum compression in flange and web cover plates
For maximum design tension force in the flange cover plates ( Figure 6.2): For nominal design moment MEd, assume that the beams causing the moment are subject to permanent and variable actions in combination For design axial force in the column NEd,G, assume that all the beams are subject to permanent actions only
M Ed N Ed,G V Ed
NEd,G VEd MEd
is the axial force in the column due to permanent action on all the beams = VEd,G + VEd,Q is the nominal design moment (see SN005) (due to permanent and variable actions) in the upper column, i.e. at the floor level immediately below the splice. = MEd,G + MEd,Q
For evaluation of NEd,fp,t, see Section 7

N Ed,fp,t
Figure 6.2
For maximum tension in flange cover plates
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Flange cover plate

(1) (2) (For compression in flange cover plate) (For tension in flange cover plate)
NEd,fp,c NRd,fp,c NEd,fp,t NRd,fp,t Design axial forces
The maximum compressive design force on the flange cover plate (NEd,fp,c) may be calculated from:
N Ed,fp,c
N Ed,fp,c =
M Ed + N Ed,G + N Ed,Q huc
Af,uc ) A
uc
15 32,50 + (825 + 942) = 719 kN 3 260 10 86,80 SN023
The maximum tensile design force on the flange cover plate (NEd,fp,t) may be calculated from:
N Ed,fp, t = Af, uc M Ed N Ed,G A huc uc
N Ed,fp, t =
15 32,50 825 = 251 kN 3 260 10 86,80
Note: Since NEd,fp,t is less than zero, there is no tensile force on the flange cover plate and check (2) for tension in the flange cover plate is not required. Design resistance The design resistance of the flange cover plate in compression (NRd,fp,c) may be calculated from: N Rd,fp,c = Afp f y,p M0 if p1,fp,j /tfp 9 (see note 2 in Table 3.3 of EN1993-1-8) EN1993-1-1 6.2.4(2) EN1993-1-1 6.3.1.1(3)
N Rd,fp,c = N b, Rd,fp =
Afp f y,p
M1
if p1,fp,j /tfp > 9
Afp = bfp tfp = 260 12 = 3120 mm 2
p1,fp,j /tfp = 110/12 = 9.2 which is greater than 9
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For Lcr = 0,6 p1,fp,j and using buckling curve c, = 1,0 N Rd,fp,c = 1,0 3120 355 103 = 1108 kN 1,0
EN1993-1-1 6.3.1.2
Design check Since NEd,fp,c < NRd,fp,c (719 kN < 1108 kN), the design axial resistance of the flange cover plate is adequate.
Flange cover plate bolt group
N Ed,fp,c VRd,fp
Design axial force

SN023
The design axial force on the flange cover plate is:

N Ed,fp,c = 719 kN (see section 7)
Design resistances The design resistance of the bolt group for Category A bolts (bearing type):
EN1993-1-8 3.7
VRd,fp = Fb,Rd
= nfp ( Fb,Rd ) min = nfp Fv,Rd
if
if
Fv,Rd (Fb,Rd )max
( Fb,Rd ) min Fv,Rd < ( Fb,Rd ) max
if
(Fb,Rd )min > Fv,Rd
The design bearing resistance of a single bolt on the flange cover plate (Fb,Rd) is given by:
Fb,Rd = k1 b f u,p d t fp
M2
where:
b
k1
= d ;
f ub ; 1,0 f u,p
p2,fp e2,fp = min 2 ,8 d 1,7; 1,4 d 1,7; 2 ,5 0 0
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where for the end bolts:
e1,fp 3d 0 p1,fp 3d 0
50 = 0,64 3 26
and for the inner bolts:
d
f ub f u, p Hence:
1 80 1 = = 0,78 4 3 26 4
800 = 1,57 510
b
= min (0,64; 1,57; 1,0) = 0,64 for end bolts and = min (0,78; 1,57; 1,0 ) = 0,78 for inner bolts. 1,7 = 1,7 = 2,8 55 1,7 = 4,22 26 1,4 150 1,7 = 6,38 26
b
2,8e2,fp d0 1,4 p2,fp d0 k1 Hence:
= min(4,22; 6,38; 2,5) = 2,5
( Fb, Rd ) min ( Fb, Rd ) max
= =
2,5 0,64 510 24 12 103 = 188 kN for end bolts, and 1,25 2,5 0,78 510 24 12 10 3 = 229 kN for inner bolts. 1,25
The design shear resistance of a single bolt (Fv,Rd) is given by:

Fv,Rd =
p v f ub As M2
EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4
where:
tpa = 25 mm
d 3
24 = 8 mm 3
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Since tpa > d/3, the reduction factor should be applied.
9d 9 24 = = 0,81 8d + 3t pa (8 24) + (3 25)
EN1993-1-8 3.6.1(12)
M2
v
As
= 1,25 for shear resistance

= 0,6 for class 8.8 bolts = 353 mm 2 = 0,81 0,6 800 353 10 3 = 110 kN 1,25
Fv,Rd
Since Fv,Rd < (Fb,Rd)min i.e 110 kN < 188 kN

VRd, fp = nfp Fv, Rd = 8 110
VRd, fp = 880 kN Design check Since NEd,fp,c < VRd,fp (719 kN < 880 kN), the design resistance of the flange cover plate bolt group is adequate.
Web cover plate
N Ed, wp N Rd, wp, c
Design axial force The compressive design force on one web cover plate (NEd,wp) may be calculated from: N Ed, wp N Ed, wp = N Ed Aw, uc 2 Auc = 1767 21,80 = 222 kN 2 86,80
SN023
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Design resistance The design resistance of one web cover plate in compression (NRd,wp,c) may be calculated from: N Rd, wp,c = Awp f y,p
M0
if p1,wp,j /twp 9 (see note 2 , Table 3.3 of EN1993-1-8) EN1993-1-1 6.2.4(2)
N Rd, wp,c = N b, Rd, wp =

Awp
Awp f y,p
M1
if p1,wp,j /twp > 9
EN1993-1-1 6.3.1.1(3)
= bwp t wp = 150 8 = 1200 mm 2
p1,wp,j /tfp = 110/8 = 13.8 which is greater than 9 For Lcr = 0,6 p1,wp,j and using buckling curve c, = 0,9
N Rd, wp,c Design check
0,9 1200 355 103 = 383 kN 1,0
EN1993-1-1 6.3.1.2
Since NEd,wp < NRd,wp,c (222 kN < 383 kN), the design resistance of the web cover plate is adequate. Web cover plates should also be checked for combined bending, shear and axial force in accordance with 6.2.10 or 6.2.1 (5) of EN1993-1-1. However in this case the shear force is small and the interaction is judged to be satisfactory by inspection.
10 Web cover plate bolt group

Normally (unless end, edge distances are small) column web bolt group (see section 11) will be critical, but for completeness the verification for the web cover plate bolt group is shown here:
N Ed, wp VRd, wp
SN023
Design axial force The design axial force on one web cover plate (NEd,wp) was calculated previously as: NEd,wp = 222 kN
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Design resistance The design resistance of the bolt group for Category A bolts (bearing type):
VRd,wp = Fb,Rd
= nwp ( Fb, Rd ) min = nwp Fv, Rd
if
if
Fv,Rd (Fb,Rd )max
EN1993-1-8 3.7
if
(Fb,Rd )min > Fv,Rd
The design bearing resistance of a single bolt on one web cover plate (Fb,Rd) is EN1993-1-8 given by: Table 3.4 Fb, Rd where: = k1 b f u, p d twp
M2
b
k1
= min d ;
f ub ; 1,0 f u, p
p2, wp e2, wp = min 2 8 1 7 1 4 1 7 2 5 , , ; , , ; , d0 d0
where for the end bolts:
e1, wp 3d 0 p1, wp 3d 0
40 = 0,51 3 26
and for the inner bolts:
d
f ub f u, p Hence:
1 80 1 = = 0,78 4 3 26 4
800 = 1,57 510
b b
= min (0,51; 1,57; 1,0) = 0,51 for end bolts = min (0,78; 1,57; 1,0 ) = 0,78 for inner bolts.
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2,8e2, wp d0 1,4 p2, wp d0 k1 Hence:
1,7 = 1,7 =
2,8 35 1,7 = 2,07 26 1,4 80 1,7 = 2,61 26
= min(2,07; 2,61; 2,5) = 2,07

2,07 0,51 510 24 8 10 3 = 83 kN for end bolts, and 1,25 2,07 0,78 510 24 8 10 3 = 126 kN for inner bolts. 1,25
( Fb,Rd ) min ( Fb,Rd ) max
= =
From section 8, the design shear resistance of a single bolt (Fv,Rd), with reduction factor bp =1.0 (i.e. web packing thickness < d/3) would be:
Fv, Rd = 136 kN
Since Fv,Rd > (Fb,Rd)max i.e 136 kN > 126 kN
VRd,wp
VRd, wp
= Fb,Rd
= 2 83 + 2 126 = 418 kN = 418 kN
VRd, wp
Design check Since NEd,wp < VRd,wp (222 kN < 418 kN), the design resistance of the web cover plate bolt group is adequate.
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11 Column web bolt group

N Ed, w VRd, w
Design axial force The design axial force on the upper column web (NEd,w) may be calculated from:
SN023
N Ed, w =
N Ed Aw,uc Auc
1767 21,80 = 444 kN 86,80
N Ed, w =
Design resistance
The design resistance of the bolt group for Category A bolts (bearing type):
VRd,w = Fb,Rd
= n wp ( Fb,Rd ) min = 2nwp Fv, Rd
if
if
Fv,Rd (Fb,Rd )max
EN1993-1-8 3.7
if
(Fb,Rd )min > Fv,Rd
Factor 2 used, because the bolts are in double shear. The design bearing resistance of a single bolt on the column web (Fb,Rd) is given by:
Fb, Rd = k1 b f u, uc d t w, uc
M2
f ub ; 1,0 f u, uc
where:
b
k1
= min d ;
p2, wp = min 1,4 d 1,7; 2 ,5 o
where:
d
d
=
=
e1,w 3d o
3d o
50 = 0,64 for the end bolts and 3 26

1 80 1 = = 0,78 for the inner bolts 4 3 26 4
p1,wp
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f ub f u, p Hence:
800 = 1,57 510
EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4
b b
1,4
= min (0,64; 1,57; 1,0) = 0,64 for end bolts = min (0,78; 1,57; 1,0 ) = 0,78 for inner bolts. p2, pw d0 1,7 = 1,4 80 1,7 = 2,61 26
k1 Hence:
= min(2,61; 2,5) = 2,5

2,5 0,64 510 24 7,5 10 3 = 118 kN for end bolts, and 1,25
( Fb,Rd ) min ( Fb,Rd ) max =
2,5 0,78 510 24 7,5 10 3 = 143 kN for inner bolts 1,25
From section 8, the design shear resistance of a single bolt (Fv,Rd), with reduction factor bp =1.0 (i.e. web packing thickness < d/3) would be:
Fv, Rd = 136 kN
Since ( Fb,Rd ) min < Fv,Rd < ( Fb,Rd ) max i.e 118 kN < 136 kN < 143 kN
VRd, w
= n wp ( F b, Rd ) min
VRd, w = 4 118 = 472 kN
VRd, w = 472 kN Design check Since NEd,w < VRd,w (444 kN < 472 kN), the design axial resistance of the web of the upper column is adequate.
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12 Structural integrity of the splice (under tying force)

N Ed, u N Rd, u
SN023 For a non-bearing column splice, there is no need to carry out this check, because it will always be satisfied, since the tying force will always be less than the design compression force. However, for a bearing column splice (see SN019 SN019) this check will be required. But, since there is no worked example for a bearing column splice, the above check is demonstrated here. Design tying force The design tying force on the column is:
N Ed, u = 400 kN
Design resistance Conservatively it can be assumed that the tying force at the column splice is resisted by the flange cover plates only. Therefore, the design axial resistance of the column splice (in tension) (NRd,u) is given by:
N Rd, u = 2 N Rd, u, fp
0 ,9 Afp,net f u,p N Rd,u,fp = min ; nfp Fv,Rd,u ; M,u
F b,Rd,u
where:
Afp,net = bfp t fp 2d 0 t fp = (260 12 2 26 12 ) = 2496 mm 2
0 ,9 Afp, net f u, p M, u
0 ,9 2496 510 10 3 = 1042 kN 1 .1
The design shear resistance of a single bolt (Fv,Rd) is given by:
Fv,Rd
where:
tpa
p v f ub As M,u
d 3 24 = 8 mm 3
EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4
= 25 mm and
Since tpa > d/3, the reduction factor should be applied.
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p
M,u
9d 9 24 = = 0,81 8d + 3t pa (8 24) + (3 25)
= 1,1 for tying resistance
v
As
= 0,6 for class 8.8 bolts = 353 mm 2 = 0,81 0,6 800 353 10 3 = 125 kN 1,1
Fv,Rd
The design bearing resistance of a single bolt (Fb,Rd) on the flange cover plate is given by: EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 k1 b f u, p d tfp Fb, Rd, u = M, u where:
M, u
= 1,1 for tying resistance
b
k1
= min d ;
f ub ; 1,0 f u,p
p2, fp e2, fp = min 2 , 8 1 , 7 ; 1 , 4 1 , 7 ; 2 , 5 d0 d0
For end bolts:
e1,fp 3d 0
50 = 0,64 3 26
and for inner bolts:
p1,fp 3d 0
1 80 1 = = 0,78 4 3 26 4
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f ub f u, p Hence:
800 = 1,57 510
b b
2,8 1,4 e2,fp d0
= min (0,64; 1,57; 1,0) = 0,64 for end bolts, and = min (0,78; 1,57; 1,0 ) = 0,78 for inner bolts. 1,7 = 1,7 = 2,8 55 1,7 = 4,22 26 1,4 150 1,7 = 6,38 26
p2, fp d0
k1 Hence: Fb, Rd, u = Fb,Rd,u =
= min(4,22; 6,38; 2,5) = 2,5

2,5 0,64 510 24 12 103 = 214 kN for end bolts, and 1,1 2,5 0,78 510 24 12 10 3 = 260 kN for inner bolts. 1,1
0 ,9 Afp, net f u, p N Rd, u,fp = min ; nfp Fv,Rd, u ; nfp Fb, Rd, u M, u
N Rd,u,fp = min (1042; 8 125; 2 214 + 6 260 ) N Rd, u,fp = min (1042; 1000; 1988 ) = 1000 kN N Rd,u = 2 N Rd,u,fp = 2 1000 = 2000 kN
Design check Since NEd,u < NRd,u (400 kN < 2000 kN), the design tying resistance of the column splice is adequate.
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13 SUMMARY
The following table summarizes the values for all the applicable modes of failure. The critical values for normal design and tying are shown in bold type. Mode of failure Design resistance Design force Ratio:
Force Resistance
7. Flange cover plate compression 7. Flange cover plate tension 8. Flange cover plate bolt group 9. Web cover plate 10. Web cover plate bolt group 11. Column web bolt group 12. Structural integrity of the splice (under tying force)
NRd,fp,c = 1108 kN N/A VRd,fp = 880 kN NRd,wp,c = 383 kN VRd,wp = 418 kN VRd,w = 472 kN NRd,u = 2000 kN
NEd,fp,c = 719 kN NEd,fp,t= 251 kN NEd,fp = 719 kN NEd,wp = 222 kN NEd,wp = 222 kN NEd,w = 444 kN NEd,u = 400 kN
0,65 N/A 0,82 0,58 0,53 0,94 0,20
Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice SX018a-EN-EU
Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK 2. France 3. Germany
Company SCI SCI
Date 03/2005 03/2006
Edurne Nunez, Abdul Malik,
G W Owens A Bureau A Olsson C Mller J Chica G W Owens
SCI CTICM SBI RWTH Labein SCI
17/3/06 17/3/06 17/3/06 17/3/06 17/3/06 18/07/06
4. Sweden 5. Spain Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made by: Translated resource approved by:

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Column Splice

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Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

Column Splice Design Resistance

Column Splice Details

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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Column splice - Details

p1,fp Lj p1,fp p1,fp gv n fp= 8

e 1,wp e 1,w gv p 1,wp

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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50 80 240 80 80 10 690 110 80 240 80 80 50

40 50 10 350 110 80 40 35 80 150 12 19 HE 300 B 35

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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Main joint data

Configuration Upper column Lower column Type of connection Bolts

3.1 Upper Column HE 260A, S355

huc buc tf,uc ruc Auc

= 250 mm = 260 mm = 12,5 mm = 24 mm = 86,80 cm2

el,w = 50 mm pl,w =p1,wp= 80 mm

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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3.2 Lower Column HE 300B, S355

hlc blc tf,lc rlc Alc

= 300 mm = 300 mm = 19 mm = 27 mm = 149,10 cm2

3.3 Flange cover plate 260 12 690, S355

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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3.4 Flange packs 250 25 340, S355

3.5 Web cover plate 150 8 350, S355

3.6 Web packs 150 2 170, S355

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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3.7 Bolts M24, class 8.8 (Category A: Bearing type, Non-preloaded)

Partial safety factors

Design forces and moments (at ULS)

Example: Column splice - non-bearing splice

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NEd VEd MEd

NEd,G + NEd,Q VEd,G + VEd,Q

For evaluation of NEd,fp,c and NEd,wp, see Sections 7 and 9 respectively.

For maximum compression in flange and web cover plates

NEd,G VEd MEd

For evaluation of NEd,fp,t, see Section 7

For maximum tension in flange cover plates