OMA00000 !

SM "unda#entals
ISSUE 3.2

Huawei Confidential. All Rights Reserved

O$%e&tives

Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

'a#e the fre(uen&) s*e&tru# used in !SM 'a#e the &on&e*t of fre(uen&) reused. 'a#e the two different &ell t)*es and understand wh) and when ea&h would $e used.

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter Ser!ice "rea "n# Number $lannin%

Chapter & Channels 'n "ir Interface Chapter ( )a#io Technolo%ies Chapter * The +uture ,e!elopment

Internal Use

-he "re(uen&) S*e&tru#

!SM ,00

-otal $andwidth. 1andwidth2&hannel. Channel availa$ilit).

Internal Use

2/MH0 2003H0 2+ AR"C' 4 5 2+6

+

-he "re(uen&) S*e&tru#

7CS 800
-&M./ spacin%

1ase Station Re&eive

9 0 98/

1ase Station -rans#it

80/ 880MH0

-otal $andwidth. 1andwidth2&hannel. Channel availa$ilit).

Internal Use

9/MH0 2003H0 39+ AR"C' 4/ 2588/6

/

'ew standard

R!SM E!SM

!SM ,00

R!SM E!SM

!SM ,00

89: 880

8,0

, / ,2

,2/

,3/

,:0

0GSM 1 02tra 13M./4 therefore total a!ailable ")+CN become 1* 5 )GSM 1 02tra 1&M./4 therefore total a!ailable ")+CN become 1--5

Internal Use

Cal&ulation of Carrier "re(uen&ies

!SM,00 Fuplink (n) = 890 + (0. ! n) "#$ F%ownlink (n) = Fuplink (n) + &'"#$ (here, ) * n * ) & !SM 800 Fuplink (n) = )+)0. + (0. ! (n,') )) "#$ F%ownlink (n) = Fuplink (n) + 9'"#$ (here, ') * n * 88'

Internal Use

"re(uen&) s*e&tru#
#B

Wanted signal

Noise floor f1 f2 +re6uency

7Ban#wi#th is from f1 to f2 7Clean si%nal can be obtaine# if only one user usin% this spectrum an# the si%nal ener%y must hi%her than the noise floor5

Internal Use

"re(uen&) s*e&tru#
#B 23#B Interfering signal Wanted signal

13#B

Noise floor f1 f2 7Interference occur when two si%nal are transmittin% at the same fre6uency spectrum5 7Si%nal with hi%her ener%y will win5

Internal Use

How to #a;i#i0e the s*e&tru# utili0ation

Ado*t #ulti*le a&&ess te&hni(ues Ado*t fre(uen&) reuse

Internal Use

!SM Multi*le A&&ess Methods

Time

Time

f
+re6uency ,i!ision Multiple "ccess Time ,i!ision Multiple "ccess

GSM system
Internal Use

!SM Multi*le A&&ess Method

#B ")+CN 1 ")+CN 2 ! 5 9 :sers; timeslots 4 3 2 1 0 ! 5 4 3 2 1 0 fre6uency

8885

200kHz 200kHz Note" Ma# n$m%er of $sers &an only s$''ort $' to (Ts # 124)*+,N-.//2 $sers01 2for GSM9003

Internal Use

Fre-uency .e,Use

<h) need "re(uen&) Re5Use=

/ "re(uen&) resour&es are ver) e;*ensive. / "re(uen&) resour&es are ver) li#ited. / However #aintain the (ualit) of servi&e.

Internal Use

"re(uen&) Re5Use

How &an we reuse fre(uen&)=

94Site6> 4Cell6 Re5use

+ ) 1 '

&

Internal Use

"re(uen&) Reuse

How &an we reuse fre(uen&)=

1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 k=3 1 4 3 1 1 2 4 4 3 1 3 2 2 4 3 1 2 4 3 2 k=4

Larger cluster size Longer distance between interferers

2 3 7 2 3 7 1 6 4 1 6 5 4 2 5 3 7 1 6 4 2 5 3 7 1 k=7 6 4 5

7 8 6 2 3 7 9 1 6 4 7 5 8 9 6 2 3 7 9 1 6 4 5 9 k=9

2 1 5 2 1 5

8 3 4 8 3 4

Less interference BUT 9 9 8 8 10 10 2 11 2 11 Reduced capacity 3 3 7 7

6 12 12 1 1 6 4 4 9 5 5 8 10 2 11 3 7 12 1 6 4 5 k=12
/

Internal Use

Controlling Co5&hannel interferen&e

Carried5to5&o5&hannel interferen&e ratio C2I ? ./4@26 <hereA @ ? Cluster si0e e.g. @?3A C2I ? ./4362 ? .3 d1 @?+A C2I ? ./4+62 ? 3.8 d1

'ote. 5 !SM standard re(uired C2I B , d1. -hatCs #ean #ini#u# nu#$er of reuse *attern is @?3.

Internal Use

Carrier to Interferen&e ratio 4C2I6

#B -#B Interfering signal4,o5 &6annel Signal

Wanted signal

Noise floor f1 Note< In 'ra&ti&al ,4I s6o$ld %e greater t6an 12 d7 +re6uency

Internal Use

"re(uen&) Re5Use

+4Site6> 34Cell6 Re5use

0 ' ) 9 )) & ) +

' 9 8 ) 0 )0 ) 9 ' )) 1 )0 +

Internal Use

CEDD

O#ni57ire&tional O#ni57ire&tional Cells Cells

2mni

20 20 7egree 7egree Se&tors Se&tors

) 0 %e3ree

3
Internal Use
,

Co#*arison $etween O#ni 2 Se&torised Cells

O#ni &ells

1 1 1 1 1 1

4 2 4 2
1 1

1 1
First tier

3
1

3 2 4 2
1

20 deg. 7ire&tional Antennas

4
First tier

2 4 2 8#1 3#4

1
Second tier

4or 4irst tier 56 = 1 (theoretically)

4or 4irst tier 56 =

,0

narrow beam antennas (e.3. 107) better than wi%e beam antennas (e.3. ) 07)

Internal Use

20

Controlling Co5&hannel interferen&e

Hen&eA C2I ? ./ 4326 ; S <hereA S ? se&tori0ation

' ) 9

e.g. for 3 Se&tori0ation 4+;36 C2I ? ./@2 ; 3 ? +./ 32 ? ./; 4+62 ; 3 ? 0 log 92 ? 8.: d1

Internal Use

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter Ser!ice "rea "n# Number $lannin%

Chapter & Channels 'n "ir Interface Chapter ( )a#io Technolo%ies Chapter * The +uture ,e!elopment

Internal Use

22

O$%e&tives

Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

8raw the structure o4 9:" 6%enti4y the 4unctions o4 each component

Internal Use

23

!SM 'etwor@ Co#*onents

'SS OSS
OMC OMC

AUC AUC HDR HDR EIR EIR MSC2EDR MSC2EDR FS-'

ME ME

SIM SIM

MS

1-S 1-S

1SC 1SC

1SS
2+

Internal Use

Mo$ile StationGMS

MS?MEHSIM
6nternational "obile ;-uipment 6%entity (6";6) < "obile ;-uipment

6nternational "obile :ubscriber 6%entity (6":6) < :ubscriber 6%entity "o%ule

Internal Use
2/

Su$s&ri$er Identit) Module I SIM

Internal Use

M SG
2:

International International Mo$ile Mo$ile Su$s&ri$er Su$s&ri$er Identit) Identit) 4IMSI6 4IMSI6 -e#*orar) -e#*orar) Mo$ile Mo$ile Su$s&ri$er Su$s&ri$er Identit) Identit) 4-MSI6 4-MSI6 Do&ation Do&ation Area Area Identit) Identit) 4DAI6 4DAI6 Su$s&ri$er Su$s&ri$er Authenti&ation Authenti&ation 3e) 3e) 43i6 Mo$ile Mo$ile Station International Standard 7ata 7ata 'etwor@ 'etwor@ 4MSIS7'6A 4MSIS7'6A it it is o*tional.

Authenti&ation

MS MS
;i *)N:

=m interfa&e

Net<ork Net<ork
*)N: ;i

)3 )3
S*8S

)3 )3
S*8S

9 9
)&&e't 4 re>e&t9
29

;i - a$t6enti&ation key *)N: - random n$m%er S*8S - Signal *es'onse

Internal Use

1ase Station Su$s)ste# I 1SS

MSC -he 1ase Station Controller I 1SC -he 1ase -rans&eiver Station I 1-S -he -rans5&oder I -C and Su$ #ulti*le;er 4SM6

1SS -C2SM -C2SM

1SC 1SC 1-S 1-S

Internal Use

28

-he 'etwor@ Swit&hing S)ste#

'SS
OMC

AUC AUC HDR HDR EIR EIR MSC2EDR MSC2EDR

EC EC I<" I<"

FS-'

Mo$ile Swit&hing Center Ho#e Do&ation Register Eisitor Do&ation Register E(ui*#ent Identit) Register Authenti&ation Center Inter5<or@ing "un&tion E&ho Can&ellor
Internal Use

I MSC I HDR I EDR I EIR I AUC I I<" I EC

1SS

2,

Mo$ile Servi&e Swit&hing Center I MSC

Call Fro&essing O*erations and Maintenan&e Su**ort Inter5networ@ J Inter5wor@ing 1illing

Internal Use

30

Ho#e Do&ation Register I HDR

Su$s&ri$er Su$s&ri$er I7 4IMSI 4IMSI and and MSIS7'6 MSIS7'6 Current Current su$s&ri$er su$s&ri$er EDR EDR 4&urrent 4&urrent lo&ation6 lo&ation6 Su**le#entar) Su**le#entar) servi&e servi&e infor#ation infor#ation Su$s&ri$er Su$s&ri$er status status 4registered2deregistered6 4registered2deregistered6 Authenti&ation Authenti&ation @e) @e) and and AuC AuC fun&tionalit) fun&tionalit)

Internal Use

Eisitor Do&ation Register I EDR

Mo$ile Mo$ile Status4IMSI Status4IMSI deta&hed2 deta&hed2 atta&hed6 atta&hed6 Do&ation Do&ation Area Area Identit)4DAI6 Identit)4DAI6 -e#*orar) -e#*orar) Mo$ile Mo$ile Su$s&ri$er Su$s&ri$er Identit)4-MSI6 Identit)4-MSI6 Mo$ile Mo$ile Station Station Roa#ing Roa#ing 'u#$er4MSR'6 'u#$er4MSR'6

Internal Use

32

E(ui*#ent Identit) Register I EIR

/<hite Dist /1la&@ Dist /!re) Dist

IMEI Is Che&@ed against <hite Dist If 'O- foundA &he&@ed against !re)21la&@ Dist

If 'O- foundA &he&@ed against <hite Dist indi&ations If foundA returns a 1la&@ or !re) Dist indi&ator
Internal Use

IMEI Is Che&@ed against 1la&@2!re) Dist

33

Inter5<or@ing "un&tion I I<"

/ Rate Conversion / Froto&ol Ada*tation

MSC MSC

FS-'

EC EC

I<"

Internal Use

3+

O*eration and Maintenan&e Su$ S)ste#

OSS4'MC6

M2000

M2000

M2000

Region2

Region 3 Region

Internal Use

3/

O*eration and Maintenan&e Center I OMC

OMC2iManager M2000. OMC assigned s*e&ifi&all) for !SMA C7MA J <C7MA 'Es.

Internal Use

3:

OMC "un&tional Ar&hite&ture

Event2Alar# Manage#ent

Se&urit) Manage#ent

MMI OS
"ault Manage#ent Ferfor#an&e Manage#ent

71
Configuration Manage#ent

Internal Use

39

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter Ser!ice "rea "n# Number $lannin%

Chapter & Channels 'n "ir Interface Chapter ( )a#io Technolo%ies Chapter * The +uture ,e!elopment

Internal Use

38

O$%e&tives

Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

Identif) the *roto&ols used on the terrestrial interfa&es $etween the !SM s)ste# entities

Internal Use

3,

!SM Interfa&e

7 EDR 1 MSC E EC EC A -C MS
Internal Use

EDR C

HDR H AUC " EIR

MSC

I<"

I<"

U#

1-S

A$is

1SC
+0

!SM Froto&ol

MS CM MM L3

BTS

BSC

MSC CM MM

RR RR RR L2 L1 LAPDm SigL1 BTSM BTSM LAPD SigL1

BSSMAP

BSSMAP

SCCP MTP

SCCP MTP

LAPDm LAPD SigL1 SigL1

Um

Abis

Internal Use

SigD . 2M1*s -run@s

I<" MSC2EDR

OMC

HDR AUC EIR MSC2EDR EC

EC -C 1SC 1-S 1-S

Internal Use

FS-'
1-S
+2

2M1*s -run@s

-)*i&al Configuration -S 0 -S 5 / -S : -S 953

-S ? -i#e slot -SK 0 5 / : 953

Internal Use

Used for "ra#e Align#ent 2Error Che&@ing 2Signaling -raffi& CCS9 Signaling 4Other -S #a) also the used6 -raffi&
+3

A$is 4DAF76 Interfa&es

"lag

"ra#e &he&@ Se(uen&e

Infor#ation

Control

Address

"lag

last $it

first $it

Internal Use

++

I-U Signaling S)ste# CCS9

CCS9 Devels
OSI Da)ers 9. A**li&ation :. Fresentation /. Session +. -rans*ort 3. 'etwor@ 2. Din@ Fh)si&al M-F Devel

MAF -UF ISUF -CAF 1SSAF

47-AFH1SSMAF6

SCCF
M-F Devel 3 M-F Devel 2 2 M$2s -run@
+/

Internal Use

A$$reviation of CCS9

M-F M-F -CAF -CAF SCCF SCCF -UF -UF ISUF ISUF MAF MAF 1SSAF 1SSAF 1SSMAF 1SSMAF 7-AF 7-AF

Message Message -ransfer -ransfer Fart Fart -ransa&tion -ransa&tion Ca*a$ilities Ca*a$ilities A**li&ation A**li&ation Fart Fart Signaling Signaling Conne&tion Control Control Fart -ele*hone -ele*hone User User Fart Fart IS7' User User Fart Fart Mo$ile Mo$ile A**li&ation A**li&ation Fart Fart 1ase Station Station S)ste# S)ste# A**li&ation A**li&ation Fart Fart 1SS Manage#ent Manage#ent A**li&ation A**li&ation Fart Fart 7ire&t -ransfer A**li&ation Fart

Internal Use

+:

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter Ser!ice "rea "n# Number $lannin%

Chapter & Channels 'n "ir Interface Chapter ( )a#io Technolo%ies Chapter * The +uture ,e!elopment

Internal Use

+9

O$%e&tives

Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

Identif) the nu#$er

s)ste#

identifi&ation

Identif) the of #o$ile identifi&ation nu#$er Identif) nu#$er the &ell identifi&ation

Internal Use

+8

Servi&e Area

S)ste# area
FDM' FDM' servi&e servi&e area area
MSC servi&e area... Do&ation area... 1ase station area...

FDM' servi&e area

MSC servi&e area... Do&ation area... 1ase station area...

......

Radio cell

Radio cell

......

......

Internal Use

+,

MSC2EDR 'u#$er

CC

'7C
MSC2EDR nu#$er

DSF

-he for#at is CCH'7CHDSF CC Countr) Code. "or e;a#*le. -he CC of China is L8:L. '7C 'ational 7estination Code. "or e;a#*le. -he '7C of 3, 38 39 3: 3/. China Mo$ile is

DSF4lo&all) signifi&ant *art6. is defined $) -ele&o# o*erator. "or e;a#*le. 8:5 3,5003
Internal Use
/0

HDR 'u#$er

-he for#at is CCH'7CHH0 H H2 H3 0000. CC Countr) Code. "or e;a#*le. -he CC of China is L8:L. '7C 'ational 7estination Code. "or e;a#*le. -he '7C of China Mo$ile is 3, 38 39 3: 3/. H0H H2H3 is defined $) -ele&o# o*erator. "or e;a#*le. 8:5 3,50:::50000.

Internal Use

DAI

MCC

M'C
Do&ation Area Identifi&ation

DAC

-he DAI is the international &ode for a lo&ation area. MCC Mo$ile Countr) Code It &onsists of 3 digits . "or e;a#*le. -he MCC of China is L+:0L M'C Mo$ile 'etwor@ Code It &onsists of 2 digits . "or e;a#*le. -he M'C of China Mo$ile is L00L DAC Do&ation Area Code It is a two $)tes 1C7 &ode4he;6. -he value 0000 and """" is invalid. "or e;a#*le. +:0500500
Internal Use
/2

C!I

C!I. Cell !lo$al Identifi&ation

-he C!I is a uni(ue international identifi&ation for a &ell -he for#at is DAIHCI DAI. Do&ation Area Identifi&ation CI Cell Identit). -his &ode uses two $)tes 1C7 &ode4he;6 to identif) the radio &ells within an DAI. "or e;a#*le . +:0500500 5000

Internal Use

/3

1SIC

1SIC 1ase Station Identifi&ation Color Code6

'CC
1SIC

1CC

'CC FDM' networ@ &olor &ode. It &o#*rises 3 $it. It allows various neigh$oring FDM's to $e distinguished. 1CC 1-S &olor &ode. It &o#*rises 3 $it. It allows distin&tion $etween different radio fre(uen&) &hannels using the sa#e fre(uen&) in neigh$oring &ells.
Internal Use
/+

MSIS7'

CC

'7C

S'

'ational 4signifi&ant6 Mo$ile nu#$er Mo$ile station international IS7' nu#$er

CC

Countr) Code. "or e;a#*le. -he CC of China is L8:L. '7C 'ational 7estination Code. "or e;a#*le. -he '7C of China -ele&o# is 3,A 38A 39A 3:A 3/. S' Su$s&ri$er 'u#$er. "or#at.H0 H H2 H3 A1C7 E;a#*le. 8:5 3,50:::5 23+
Internal Use
//

IMSI

'ot #ore than / digits 3 digits 2 digits

MCC

M'C
'MSI IMSI

MSI'

MCC Mo$ile Countr) Code It &onsists of 3 digits . "or e;a#*le. -he MCC of China is L+:0L M'C Mo$ile 'etwor@ Code It &onsists of 2 digits . "or e;a#*le. -he M'C of China -ele&o# is L00L MSI' Mo$ile Su$s&ri$er Identifi&ation 'u#$er. H H2H3 S A1C7E" "or e;a#*le. :::5,99900 'MSI 'ational Mo$ile Su$s&ri$er Identifi&ation M'C and MSI' for# it together. "or E;a#*le of IMSI . +:05005:::5,99900
Internal Use
/:

-MSI

-MSI. -e#*orar) Mo$ile Su$s&ri$er Identifi&ation6

-he -MSI is assigned onl) after su&&essful su$s&ri$er authenti&ation. -he EDR &ontrols the allo&ation of new -MSI nu#$ers and notifies the# to the HDR. -MSI is used to ensure that the identit) of the #o$ile su$s&ri$er on the air interfa&e is @e*t se&ret. -he -MSI &onsists of + $)tes4 8 HE> nu#$ers6 and deter#ined $) the tele&o# o*erator.
Internal Use
/9

IMEI

IMEI. International Mo$ile Station E(ui*#ent Identifi&ation

-AC

"AC

S'R

SF

IMEI
-AC -)*e a**roval &ode. It is ad#inistered $) the t)*e a**roval &enter. "AC "inal asse#$l) &ode.It is ad#inistered $) the #anufa&turer. S'R Serial nu#$er.It is issued $) the #anufa&turer of the MS. SF 'ot used.
Internal Use
/8

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter Ser!ice "rea "n# Number $lannin%

Chapter & Channels 'n "ir Interface Chapter ( )a#io Technolo%ies Chapter * The +uture ,e!elopment

Internal Use

/,

O$%e&tives

Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

Identif) the t)*es of *h)si&al &hannels and logi&al &hannels 'a#e the + #ost &o##onl) used &hannel &o#$inations Understand the stru&ture of fra#es #ulti

Internal Use

:0

Fh)si&al and Dogi&al Channels

-he *h)si&al &hannel is the #ediu# over whi&h the infor#ation is &arried -he logi&al &hannels &onsist of the infor#ation &arried over the *h)si&al &hannel -7MA "RAME

)
-i#eslot

&

'

1 0

-he -heinfor#ation infor#ation&arried &arriedin inone oneti#e ti#e slot slotis is&alled &alleda aM$urstN M$urstN
Internal Use
:

1urst Ma**ing on *h)si&al &hannel

0 f TDMA frame = 4.615 ms 7 0 s 0 s 7

1urst 1urst 44 +8 +8 $its6 $its6

&**=s >1&(52& bits?

!uard !uard Interval Interval 48.2/ 48.2/ $its6 $its6

Internal Use

:2

1URS/ Random Access burst (RACH): Used in MS initial access

=ail bit 8ata + s)n&hronous $its 3: en&r)*ted $its =ail bit 9uar% inter>al

8$it

3$it

:8.2/$it

/ Frequency correction burst (FCH): Used in frequency synchronization bet een MS and !"S
=ail bit 8ata =ail bit 9uar% inter>al

3$it

+2$it

3$it

8.2/$it

/ Synchronous burst (SCH): Used in timin# synchronization bet een MS and !"S
=ail bit 8ata 3, en&r)*ted $its :+ s)n&hronous $its 8ata 3, en&r)*ted $its =ail bit 9uar% inter>al

3$it
Internal Use

3$it 8.2/$it
:3

1urst

/ &ormal burst ("CH): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel'
=ail bit 8ata /9 en&r)*ted $its =rainin3 se-uence 8ata /9 en&r)*ted $its =ail bit 9uar% inter>al

3$it

2:$it
Frame stealin3 4la3

3$it

8.2/$it

/ $ummy burst (!CH): Used in transmission of fillin# frames by !"S at timeslots hen there is no information deli%ered
=ail bit =ail bit +2 #odulation $its 9uar% inter>al

3$it

3$it

8.2/$it

Internal Use

:+

Dogi&al Channel -)*e

9:"900 an% 8?:)800 ha>e the same lo3ical channel cate3ory

/o0ical c#a""el

%ommo" c#a""el $%%&'

Dedica!ed c#a""el $D%&'

roadcas! co"!rol c#a""el %ommo" co"!rol c#a""el $ %%&' $%%%&'

%o"!rol c#a""el

(oice c#a""el $T%&'

)%&

S%&

%%& .%& $s*s!em i"forma!io"'

AG%&

RA%&

SD%%&

)A%%&

T%&+)

T%&+&

SA%%&

T%&+9.6) T%&+ 4.,)- & T%&+ 2.4)- &

Internal Use

:/

-raffi& Channel

-CH -raffi& Channels

'or#al 1urst

S*ee&h -CH2"S -CH2HS

7ata

-CH -raffi& Channel -CH2"S "ull rate S*ee&h Channel -CH2HS Half rate S*ee&h Channel -CH2,.: 7ata Channel ,.:@$2s -CH2+.8 7ata Channel +.8@$2s -CH22.+ 7ata Channel 2.+3$2s
Internal Use

-CH2,.:

-CH22.+

-CH2+.8
::

Control Channel

CCH Control Channels

7CCH S7CCH ACCH 1CCH

1CCH CCCH SCH

S)n&h. CH.

"ACCH

SACCH

"CCH

1road&ast Control Channel I 1CCH RACH C1CH Co##on Control Channel I CCCH 7edi&ated Control Channel I 7CCH Asso&iated Control Channel I ACCH FCH2A!CH
Internal Use
:9

1road&ast Control Channel I 1CCH

-he infor#ation &arried on the 1CCH is #onitored $) the #o$ile *eriodi&all) when it is swit&hed on and not in a &all 1CCH.1road&ast Control Channel "CCH. "re(uen&) Channel Corre&tion

CCH 1CCH downlin@ onl)

1CCH

S)n&h. Channels

SCH. S)n&hroni0ation Channel SCH

Internal Use

"CCH
:8

Co##on Control Channel I CCCH

-he CCCH is res*onsi$le for transferring &ontrol infor#ation $etween all #o$iles and the 1-S. RACH. Rando# A&&ess Control Channel FCH. Faging Channel A!CH. A&&ess !rant Control Channel C1CH.Cell 1road&ast Channel RACH u*lin@

CCH

CCCH

C1CH downlin@

FCH2A!CH downlin@
:,

Internal Use

7edi&ated Control Channel I 7CCH

7CCH is assigned to a single #o$ile &onne&tion for &all setu* or for #easure#ent and handover *ur*ose. S7CCH. Standalone 7edi&ated Control Channel ACCH. Asso&iated Control Channel SACCH. Slow Asso&iated Control Channel "ACCH."ast Asso&iated Control Channel

CCH 7CCH

S7CCH

ACCH

"ACCH

SACCH

Internal Use

90

How to use these &hannel=

Fower5off state

Sear&h for fre(uen&) &orre&tion *ulse Sear&h for s)n&hronous *ulse Uns&ra#$le s)ste# infor#ation
Idle state

F??# :?# @??# A?# .B?# B9?# :8??# FB??# =?# FB??#

Snoo* into *aging #essage Send a&&ess *ulse Allo&ate signaling &hannel
7edi&ated #ode

Set u* the &all Allo&ate voi&e &hannel Conversation Release the &all
Idle state

Internal Use

Call Setu* "low

MS
Channel@re6

BTS
Channel@)e6uire# Channel@"cti!e Channel@"cti!e@"ck

BSC

MSC

SA1M. Set as)n&hronous $alan&ed #ode &o##and55 Initial a&&ess fra#e UA. Unnu#$ered a&@nowledge#ent res*onse

IMM0,I"T0 "SSIGN C'MM"N, +irst S"BM 0stablish@IN,>CM Ser!ice )e6? C)>Complete@A3@information? CC CM Ser!ice "ccepte# Setup Call $rocessin% "ssi%nment@)e6 Channel@"cti!e Channel@"cti!e@"ck "SSIGNM0NT C'MM"N, +irst S"BM 0stablish@IN, "SSIGNM0NT CM$ "ssi%nment@CM$ "lertin% Connect Connect "ck

Con!ersation
,isconnect )elease )elease Complete Clear@CM, Clear@CM$

Internal Use

92

!SM Multifra#e

-7MA "ra#es 0
0 ) 0 & ' 1 + 0 ) 0 & ' 1 +

+: +9 +8 +, /0

/ I "ra#e Multifra#es 423/.3#s6

CO'-ROD CHA''EDS
Internal Use
93

!SM Dogi&al Channel

Channel Co#$ination
1CH &o#$ination I 1CCH H CCCH 7CH &o#$ination I S7CCH8 H SACCH8 Co#$ined Channel Co#$ination I 1CCH H CCCH HS7CCH+ H SACCH+ -CH &o#$ination I -CH82"ACCH H SACCH

Internal Use

9+

1CCH2CCCH Multifra#e

7ownlin@
1 " S 1 1 1 C C C C " I

S C C .. " S C C .. " S C C ..

"

20

30

+0

/0

" ? "CCH 4"re(uen&)6 S ? SCH 4S)n&.6 C ? CCCH 4Co##on6 I ? Idle R ? RACH 4Rando#6

U*lin@
R R R R R R R R R R R

R R R .. R R R ..R R R ..

0
Internal Use

20

30

+0

/0
9/

S7CCH Multifra#e

7ownlin@ 80 8) 80 8)
0 9

81 8+ B0 81 8+ B&
2+ 32

B0 6 6 6 B+ 6 6 6
++ /0

U*lin@

7 ? S7CCH28 47edi&ated6 A ? SACCH2C8 4Asso&iated6 I ? Idle

B' B1 B+ 6 6 6 80 B) B
0
Internal Use

8+ B0 8+ B&
++ /0
9:

B0 6 6 6 80
9 2 /

-i#eslots and -7MA "ra#es

#i3her ?apacity ?ell 0 ) 0 &

-raffi&

'

1 0 1 0

1road&ast 7edi&ated

0
-raffi&

&

'

Cow ?apacity ?ell 0

Co#$ined
Internal Use

)
-raffi&

&

'

1 0

+
99

Co#$ined Multifra#e

7ownlin@ "S 1 "S 1 0 2 : C "S C C "S C 0 C " S 70 7 C " S 70 7 20 " S 72 73 " S A0 A I

" S 72 73 " S A2 A3 I 30 +0 /0

R ? RACH 4Rando#6 " ? "CCH 4"re(uen&)6 C ? CCCH 4Co##on6 A ? SACCH2+ 4Asso&iated6

1 ? 1CCH 41road&ast6 S ? SCH 4S)n&.6 7 ? S7CCH2+ 47edi&ated6 I ? Idle

U*lin@ 73 R R A2 A3 R R 73 R R A2 A3 R R
0 + : 0 20 30
Internal Use

R R 70 7 R R 70 7
+0

R R 72 R R 72
/0
98

!SM Multifra#e

-7MA "ra#es 0
0 ) 0 & ' 1 + 0 ) 0 & ' 1 +

22 23 2+ 2/

2: I "ra#e Multifra#e 4 20#s6

-RA""IC CHA''EDS
Internal Use
9,

-CH Multifra#e

7ownlin@ -his is used to trans#it a -raffi& Channel Co#$ination 4-CH2 SACCH2"ACCH6. -he "ACCH is not showed in the diagra# as it does not re&eive its own ti#e allo&ation. -he "ACCH steals a ti#e *eriod fro# the -CH is re(uired. -he 3th fra#e is used $) the SACCH whi&h &arriers lin@ &ontrol infor#ation to and fro# the #o$ile and 1-S. -he 2:th fra#e is idle.
Internal Use

U*lin@
2/
I7DE

2/

I7DE

SACCH

SACCH

0
80

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter Ser!ice "rea "n# Number $lannin%

Chapter & Channels 'n "ir Interface Chapter ( )a#io Technolo%ies Chapter * The +uture ,e!elopment

Internal Use

O$%e&tives

On &o#*letion of this se&tion )ou will $e a$le to @now a$out the following radio te&hnologies .

!MS3 Modulation -e&hni(ues Fower Control EA7A 7->A 7R> 7iversit) "re(uen&) Ho**ing

Internal Use

82

Modulation -e&hni(ues

A#*litude Modulation 4AM6 "re(uen&) Modulation 4"M6 Fhase Modulation 4FM6

I *hase #odulation &an $e i#*le#ented easil) for digital signalsA this is the #ethod whi&h is used for the !SM air interfa&es. Fhase Modulation is @nown as Fhase Shift 3e)ing when a**lied to digital signals

Internal Use

83

!aussian Mini#u# Shift 3e)ing 4!MS36

!aussian Mini#u# Shift 3e)ing 4!MS36 !aussian 7igital "ilter !MS3 Modulator

0 0

Internal Use

8+

-i#ing Advan&e 4-A6

T#e mo1ile 5#o"e s#o2ld se"d !#e si0"al i" ad6a"ce77

Note< Ma2 T" - 2t - 1;2B35*Cs;bitB(3bitBCD3&km4 Not "pplicable to )"C. Bursts5

TE )E

0 1 2 3 4 5

0 01 2 3 4 5

!
0 12rs! dela* 3!4 $e.0. .%&' 0

TA

12rs! dela* 3!4 e.0 $RA%&' Total #elay for roun# trip is t F t D G2tH

Internal Use

8/

1atter) Dife

Fower Fower Control Control

Doice Bcti>ity 8etection < DB8 8iscontinuous =ransmission < 8=E 8iscontinuous .eception < 8.E

Internal Use

8:

Fower Control

1oth U*lin@ and 7ownlin@ *ower settings &an $e &ontrolled inde*endentl) and individuall).

8(

0.8( '(
Saves radio $atter) *ower Redu&es &o5&hannel and ad%a&ent &hannel interferen&e

Internal Use

89

EA7 J 7->

<ithout 7->
En&oding the s*ee&h silen&es at a rate of /00 $it2s rather than the full 33$2s. If the #o$ile does not trans#it during Osilen&eC there is a redu&tion in the overall *ower out*ut re(uire#ent

<ith 7->

Co#fort 'oise
Internal Use
88

7->

7->. 7is&ontinuous -rans#ission :hut o44 the transmission when no speech %etecte%F 2nly transmit :68 4rames =he transco%er at the .E terminal pro%uces com4ortable noise base% on :68 back3roun% noise. 6mpro>ement on the ?G6 ratio. EA7. Eoi&e A&tivit) 7ete&tion 6mplemente% in the transco%er.

Frolong $atter) life and redu&e interferen&e

Internal Use

Note" :T? is not $sed on a 7,,H &arrier and meas$rements m$st %ased no S$% @al$e1

8,

7R>

7R> allows the #o$ile station to effe&tivel) Mswit&h offN during ti#es when re&e*tion is dee#ed unne&essar).

1CCH Multifra#e FFFFFF

F ? Faging Channel 1CCH FF

MS 1eing MS in *aged listen #ode

Internal Use

MS re&eive S)ste# infor#ation

MS in listen #ode
,0

7R> e;a#*le

Internal Use

Multi*ath "ading

/7iversit) /"re(uen&) Ho**ing

-i#e 7is*ersion
Internal Use
,2

7iversit)
Bppro!. )0 wa>elen3ths
<hen diversit) is i#*le#ented two antennas are situated at the re&eiver. -hese antennas are *la&ed several wavelengths a*art to ensure #ini#u# &orrelation $etween the two re&eive *aths. Co#*are or add signals

-he two signals are then &o#$inedA this ensures that a low signal strength is less li@el) to o&&ur.

Resultant Signal
Internal Use

,3

"re(uen&) Ho**ing

Ea&h ti#e the 1-S or #o$ile trans#its a $urstA it does so on a different R" &arrier fre(uen&).
S)nthesi0er Ho**ing.ea&h ti#eslot on a given trans&eiver &an trans#it at a different fre(uen&) 1ase$and Ho**ing. ea&h trans&eiver sta)s at the sa#e fre(uen&) and the data is swit&hed to the a**ro*riate trans&eiver.

fre(uen&)

ti#e
Internal Use
,+

"re(uen&) Ho**ing

+1

+1

Is
+1 +1 +2 +3

Jithout +.
Internal Use

Jith +.
,/

Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Cellular Mobile System Chapter 2 GSM Network Components Chapter 3 Terrestrial Interface Chapter Ser!ice "rea "n# Number $lannin%

Chapter & Channels 'n "ir Interface Chapter ( )a#io Technolo%ies Chapter * The +uture ,e!elopment

Internal Use

,:

O$%e&tives

On &o#*letion of this se&tion )ou will $e a$le to @now . State the future develo*#ent of digital &ellular #o$ile s)ste#

Internal Use

,9

!SM User <orld <ide

!SM will sta) in the DeadA all *rofessional Mar@et "ore&asts sa)
3 0 0 2 5 0 2 0 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 , 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1

!SM users world wide in #illions

Internal Use
,8

Eoi&e and 7ata Servi&e

Servi&e a#out

7ata

Eoi&e

-oda)

2000

-i#e
,,

Internal Use

Mo$ile Co##uni&ation and Internet

+00 100 '00 &00 000 00 )00

#illion

)99' )991 )99+ )998 )999

000

00)

Mo$ile
Internal Use

Internet
00

!SM 7evelo* Fath

3! 2./! 2!
57.6 kbps 9.6 kbps GSM HSCSD 115 kbps GPRS 2Mbps 384kbps EDGE IMT-2000

,,,

2000

200

Internal Use

Su##ar)

1asi& Con&e*ts of Cellular Mo$ile S)ste# !SM 'etwor@ Co#*onents Su##ar) -errestrial Interfa&e Servi&e Area and 'u#$er Flanning Channels on -he Air Interfa&e Radio -e&hnologies -he "uture 7evelo*#ent

Internal Use

02

#uawei ?on4i%ential. Bll .i3hts .eser>e%