Harvard Reference examples

The Harvard referencing system is the most frequently used style at Staffordshire and is also known as the Author-Date style. It emphasises the name of the creator of a piece of information and the date of publication, with the list of references in alphabetical order at the end of your piece of work. Some Faculties or sub ect areas use a different style of referencing, so you should check your module handbook for confirmation of what style is required by your tutor for a particular assignment. This guide provides e!amples of how a wide range of information sources should be referenced according to the Harvard style, including the order of the elements and punctuation used. For each source there are e!amples of how to cite within the te!t and how to write your list of references. If you cannot find the type of information you wish to reference included in this document please contact us at ask"staffs.ac.uk.

Punctuation when using Harvard

#unctuation can vary when using Harvard. Hence you might find that some Harvard references will have complete full stops after each part of the reference and some may not. The generally accepted rule when using Harvard is to be consistent with your style and use of punctuation throughout your assignment.

References used:
Harvard formats used in this document have been based on the following te!ts which can be found in the $ibrary% &'ITISH ST()*('*S I)STIT+T,. -.//01. &S2302%.//0. Recommendations for citing and referencing published material. 4ilton 5eynes% &SI. ),6I$$,, 7. -80.01. The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism.2ND edition. 9pen +# Study Skills. 4aidenhead% 9pen +niversity #ress. #,('S, ' : SHI,$*S, ;. -80031 Cite Them Right: The ssential Guide to Referencing and Plagiarism. )ewcastle<upon<Tyne% )orthumbria +niversity #ress.

A
Acts of Parliament (U
#ormat: 79+)T'=. Name of Act: Name of !overeign. Chapter Number " in italics or underlined. -=ear of #ublication > in brackets1 #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: ;',(T &'ITI(). #uman Rights Act $%%&: li'abeth ll. Chapter (2. -.//?1 $ondon% The Stationery 9ffice. &n-text example: The #uman Rights Act $%%& indicated that@@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

!tatutes"

Archive material'!pecial collections

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title)in italics or underlined E4aterial type>in square bracketsF. 7ollection. shelfmark. (rchiveD$ibrary, 7ity. $i%liography example: T+'),', #.S. -./031 *mage of an Artist E4anuscriptF Holden 7ollection. 300. Holden $ibrary. $ondon. &n-text example: -Turner, ./031 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

Atlas
(tlases can be referenced in the same format as a book. If no author is available then the title of the (tlas can be used. #ormat for Atlas with Author: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication > in brackets1 Title of Atlas in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. #ormat for Atlas - no Author: Title of Atlas " in italics or underlined. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Series title andDor volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of publication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: G(;),', S. (. -800H1 Color Atlas of the Autops+. &oca 'aton% 7'7 #ress. The Times Concise Atlas of the ,orld. -80001 ?th ,d. $ondon% Times &ooks. &n text example: -Gagner, 800H1 (s can be seen in The Times Concise Atlas of the ,orld -80001

Author: (ontri%ution'(hapter in a $oo)

#ormat:

F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of chapterDcontribution. In% (uthor or ,ditor of #ublication < Surname, Initials with -ed.1 or -eds.1 > in brackets, if relevant. -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 4('SH($$, G. (. -./I21 The 7hild as a 4irror of his &rainCs *evelopment. In% Sants, J : &utcher, H. J. -eds1. Development Ps+cholog+. (ylesbury, &ucks% HaKell Gatson : 6iney $td. &n-text example: If you refer to an author who has contributedDproduced a chapter in an edited book you will need to cite their name in the body of your work. The &ibliography must contain details of both the author providing the contribution and the authorDeditor-s1 of the book -see above bibliography e!ample for format1. -4arshall, ./I21 (s noted by 4arshall -./I21... A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$
$logs (we%logs"
'eferences from blogs will need to commence with the name of the blog owner and include the date and title of the posting -see e!ample1. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of posting < in brackets1 Title of blog entr+ ) in italics or underlined. E9nline >in square bracketsF *ate the blog entry was written. (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF. $i%liography example: &(TTS, S. -800I1 Antio/idants in -erries *ncreased b+ thanol 0but are dai1uiris health+2. E9nlineF (pril 8Hth 800I. (vailable from% Scienceblogs.com http%DDscienceblogs.comDretrospectacleD800ID0HDantio!idantsLinLberriesLincreaL..php. E(ccessed% 8nd 4ay 800?F. &n-text example: -&atts, 800I1 (s can be seen in &atts -800I1 results... A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number if available. < in brackets1

$oo) (* author"
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, I)ITI($S. -ed.1 or -eds.1<in brackets for editor-s1. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: ),6I$$,, 7. -800I1 The Complete Guide to Referencing and Avoiding Plagiarism. 4aidenhead% 9pen +niversity #ress. &n-text examples: -)eville, 800I1 )eville -800I1 commented that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$oo) (+ authors"
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. : (uthor < S+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1 < in brackets for editor-s1. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 4I**$,T9), 6. T. 7. : H(G5I)S, '. -.//?1 !ustainable Tourism: A 3ar.eting Perspective. 9!ford% &utterworth<Heinemann. &n-text examples: -4iddleton : Hawkins, .//?1 (s stated by 4iddleton : Hawkins -.//?1 A*irect quotation are placed in double quotations marksB -First (uthorCs Surname : Second (uthorCs Surname. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$oo) (, authors"
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. (uthor < S+')(4,, Initials : (uthor < S+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: &'(*&+'=, I., &9=$,, J. : 49'S,, (., -80081 !cientific Principles for Ph+sical Geographers. Harlow% #rentice Hall. &n-text example: -&radbury, &oyle : 4orse, 80081 (s noted by &radbury, &oyle : 4orse -80081 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -First (uthorCs Surname, Second (uthorCs Surname : Third (uthorMs Surname. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$oo) (- or more authors"

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. et al. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 7(4#&,$$, ). (. et al. -800?1 -iolog+. ?th ,d. $ondon% #earson. &n-text examples: -7ampbell et al, 800?1 (s concluded by 7ampbell et al -800?1@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname et al. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$oo): (hapter in a $oo)

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of chapterDcontribution. In% (uthor or ,ditor of #ublication < Surname, Initials with -ed.1 or -eds.1 > in brackets, if relevant. -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 4('SH($$, G. (. -./I21 The 7hild as a 4irror of his &rainCs *evelopment. In% Sants, J : &utcher, H. J. -eds1. Development Ps+cholog+. (ylesbury, &ucks% HaKell Gatson : 6iney $td. &n-text example: If you refer to an author who has contributedDproduced a chapter in an edited book you will need to cite their name in the body of your work. The &ibliography must contain details of both the author providing the contribution and the authorDeditor-s1 of the book -see above bibliography e!ample for format1. -4arshall, ./I21 (s noted by 4arshall -./I21... A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$oo) (.ditor's"
If the book has an editor then -ed.1 or -eds.1 > both in brackets, is added after the authorCs name. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1 < in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: F9)T9)(<;I+STS, ;. -ed.1 -800?1 Designing Cities for People: !ocial4 nvironmental and Ps+chological !ustainabilit+. $ondon% ,arthscan. &',)),', ). ()* 5,I$, '. -eds.1 -80031 The Global Cities Reader. $ondon% 'outledge. &n-text examples: -ed. Fontana<;iusti, 800?1

-eds. &renner : 5eil, 80031

$oo)s (part of a series"

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1 < in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 47I$'9=, *. -800N1 !tud+ing 5 6niversit+: #o7 to be a !uccessful !tudent. Sage ,ssential Study Skills. $ondon% Sage. &n-text example: -4cIlroy 800N1 The evidence supports 4cIlroyCs -800N1 theory that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number1

$oo) (multiple wor)s %y an author in the same year"

If you refer to an author who has produced more than one work in the same year you will need to add a lower case alphabetical letter after the year of publication i.e. 8000a, 8000b. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1 < in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication and alphabetical letter < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of publication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 7('$S9), ). '. -800Ia1 8oundations of Ph+siolog+ and Ps+cholog+. Ith ,d. &oston, 4ass% #earson (llyn : &acon. 7('$S9), ). '. -800Ib1 Ph+siolog+ of -ehaviour. $ondon% #earson (llyn : &acon. &n-text example: -7arlson, ). '. 800Ia1 -7arlson, ). '. 800Ib1 7arlson -800Ia1 commented that@ 7arlson -800Ib1 indicated that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number1

$oo) (.lectronic"
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initial-s1. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title ) in italics or underlined. E9nline > in square bracketsF 7ity of publication% #ublisher. (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF

$i%liography example: S(*$,', #. -800N1 !trategic management. E9nlineF Sterling. 6( 5ogan #age. (vailable from% http%DDwww.netlibrary.comD'eaderD. E(ccessed% 3D2D800?F &n-text example: -Sadler, 800N1 (s identified by Sadler -800N1 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$ritish !tandards
The information you need to reference correctly can be found on the title page of the standard. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Standard )umber% =ear. Title of the standard in italics or underlined. #lace of #ublication% )ame of #ublisher. $i%liography example: &'ITISH ST()*('*S I)STIT+T,. -.//01 &S2302%.//0. Recommendations for citing and referencing published material. 4ilton 5eynes% &SI. &n-text example: -&ritish Standards Institute, .//01 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

(
(D-R/0! (accompanying %oo)s"
4any books now have a 7*<'94 accompanying them. Ghen using material from this source the following information needs to be included in your reference. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials or name of originator of item if no author present. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of the main publication. E7*<'94 > in square bracketsF. #lace of #ublication% publisher. $i%liography example: &('),S, 7. -.//I1 ,or.ing 7ith Technolog+. E7*<'94F $ondon% Tech#ress. ,ho9s 7ho .?/I<.//?. -.//?1 E7*<'94F $ondon% 9!ford +niversity #ress. &n-text example: -GhoCs who .//?1 -&arnes .//I1 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

(ommand Papers'/fficial Pu%lications

#ormat: 79+)T'=. )ame of 7ommittee, *epartment or 'oyal 7ommission -=ear of publication > in brackets1 Title of publication ) in italics or underlined. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. -#aper number > if available in brackets1.

$i%liography examples: ;',(T &'IT(I). Healthcare 7ommission, (udit 7ommission for $ocal (uthorities in ,ngland and Gales. )ational (udit 9ffice. -80031 Tac.ling Child :besit+: 8irst !teps. $ondon% Stationery 9ffice. ;',(T &'IT(I). *epartment of Health. -.//21. ;ondon9s Ambulance !ervice: Government response to the !econd Report from the #ealth Committee !ession $%%() %<. $ondon% H.4.S.9. -7m N00/1. &n-text example: -;reat &ritain. Healthcare 7ommission, (udit 7ommission for $ocal (uthorities in ,ngland and Gales. )ational (udit 9ffice. 80031. Statistics from the ;reat &ritain Healthcare 7ommission, (udit 7ommission for $ocal (uthorities in ,ngland and Gales )ational (udit 9ffice. -80031 show that@@ -;reat &ritain. *epartment of Health. .//21. (s indicated by the ;reat &ritain *epartment of Health -.//21 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

(omputer 1ames'Programs
#ormat: 9'I;I)(T9'D(+TH9'. -year of publication < in brackets1 Game or program title ) in italics or underlined. E4edium of item < in square bracketsF. Series information and any dates or numeric information < if necessary. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher $i%liography example: ,$,7T'9)I7 ('TS. -800N1 The !ims. E*IS7F #layStation8. $ondon% ,lectronic (rts Inc. &n-text example: If you refer to a game or program in the body of your work, the title will need to be underlined or placed in italics% ....as can be seen in The !ims -800N1

(onference Papers
7onference #apers are similar to authors who contribute chapters to books, i.e. the contribution appears as part of a wider publication. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials or (+TH9'I); &9*= 9' ;'9+#. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of #aper. In < 8ull Title of Conference ) in italics or underlined. Series title and numbers if available. $ocation and *ate of 7onference. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. #age numbers of paper. $i%liography example: FISH, J. -800?1 4anaging changes in the workplace. in Professional 3anagers Conference. &lackpool, 4onday .?th to Gednesday 80th February 800?. &lackpool% #ub4. pp. H8<H2. &n-text example: -Fish 800?1 Fish -800?1 noted that@..

A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

(onference Proceedings
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials or (uthoring body or group. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 8ull Title of Conference Report ) in italics or underlined. Series title and numbers < if available. $ocation and *ate of 7onference. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography examples: H(''IS, 7. and 4+'T9), J. &. -80021 Cr+ospheric !+stems: Glaciers and Permafrost: !elected Contributions to a Conference of the same name. ;eological Society Special #ublication 8H8. The ;eological Society of $ondon. January 800N. $ondon% The ;eological Society. 4anagement 7entre International. -80081. Third uropean conference on .no7ledge management. Trinity 7ollege, *ublin, Ireland, 8H<82 September 8008. 'eading% 47I$. &n-text examples: -Harris : 4urton. 80021 -4anagement 7entre International. 80081 Harris : 4urton -80021 support this theory@.. (s indicated by research from 4anagement 7entre International -80021 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

(orporate authors (groups2 committees2 companies"

-Includes publications by groups, committees, government departments, companies, etc.1 #ormat: 79+)T'=. )(4, 9F ISS+I); &9*=. -=ear of publication in brackets1 Title of publication " in italics or underlined. #lace of publication% #ublisher. -'eport )umber > if available in brackets1. $i%liography .xample: ;',(T &'IT(I). *,#('T4,)T 9F ,),';=. -./II1 Tidal Po7er -arrages in the !evern Trent stuar+: Recent vidence on their 8easibilit+. $ondon% H. 4.S. 9. -,nergy #apers 8N1 Sport Industry 'esearch 7entre. -80021. !port 3ar.et 8orecasts 2==<)2==%. Sheffield% Sport Industry 'esearch 7entre. &n-text example: -;reat &ritain. *epartment of ,nergy. ./II1 The ;reat &ritain *epartment of ,nergy -./II1 concluded that@ -Sport Industry 'esearch 7entre. 80021 Figures from the Sport Industry 'esearch 7entre -80021 show that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

D
Dance (live performance"
#ormat:

7horeographerCs< F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials. -#remier date < in brackets1 Title " in italics or underlined. E6enue, place of performance and date seen > in square bracketsF $i%liography example: J9),S, '. -800I1 #ungarian 8ol. Dance. E6ictoria Hall, Stoke on Trent. .3th *ecember 800IF &n-text .xample: -#ungarian 8ol. Dance4 800I1

Dance (D3D' 3ideo"

#ormat: *irectorDproducer > F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials. -=ear published or first transmission in brackets1 Title of >ideo or programme " in italics or underlined. E4aterial type e.g. *6*Dvideo > in square bracketsF, #roduction company or publisher Efurther details to identify dance worksF $i%liography example: J9),S, $. -80021 -allet 3oves E*6*F. *ance 4at $td. Eclips of various ballets illustrating professional techniquesF &n-text example: --allet 3oves4 80021

Dictionaries
In some cases *ictionaries may not have authors so your citation or reference can use the title of the work. #ormats: Dictionary Author'.ditor present: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1<in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Dictionar+ Title " in italics or underlined. Series title andDor volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. Dictionary- no Author: Title of Dictionar+ " in italics or underlined. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Series title andDor volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography examples: H(G5I)S, J. 4. -ed.1 -./?31 The :/ford Reference Dictionar+. 9!ford% 9!ford +niversity #ress. 4c;raw<Hill. Dictionar+ of ngineering. -800N1. 8nd ed. )ew =ork% 4c;raw<Hill. &n-text examples: -Hawkins ./?31 -4c;raw<Hill 800N1 (s noted by Hawkins -./?31 4c;raw<Hill -800N1 indicated that@.. A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

Discussion 4ist

'eferences from a discussion list will need to commence with the name of the author of a posting to the list.

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of posting < in brackets1 Title of discussion posting ) in italics or underlined. E9nline >in square bracketsF. *ate the entry was written. )ame of discussion list. (vailable from > discussion list address. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF. $i%liography example: 49';(), 5. -800I1 Teaching Referencing !.ills. E9nlineF (pril 8Hth 800I. 'efOone *iscussion $ist. (vailable from% http%DDwww.staffs.ac.ukD'efOone$ist E(ccessed% 8nd 4ay 800?F. &n-text example: -4organ. 800I1 (s can be seen in 4organ -800I1 results...

.
.- $oo)s
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title ) in italics or underlined. E9nline > in square bracketsF #lace of publication% #ublisher. (vailable from > +'$ of ebook provider or database. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF $i%liography example: S(*$,', #. -800N1 !trategic management. E9nlineF Sterling% 6( 5ogan #age. (vailable from% http%DDwww.netlibrary.comD'eaderD. E(ccessed% 3D2D800?F &n-text example: -Sadler, 800N1 (s identified by Sadler -800N1 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

.mail communication
If you use personal email communication to support your assignment please ensure that you have the consent of those involved in the email. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of communication > in brackets1 Title of communication " in italics or underlined. E4edium of communication > in square bracketsF 'eceiver of 7ommunication > Surname, initials. *ay and month of communication $i%liography example: 49';(), 5. -800?1 Ref'one. E,<mailF. 4essage to% Hatton, (. .0 (pril 800?. &n-text example: -4organ 800?1 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

.ncyclopaedia entry

,ncyclopaedias often contain entries or articles by a collection of authors. Hence, when citing and referencing from ,ncyclopaedias use the same format as you would when referencing an authorCs contributory chapter or article in a book.

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1<in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of entry or article. In% (uthor or ,ditor of #ublication < Surname, Initials with -ed.1 or -eds.1 < if relevant. Title of nc+clopaedia ) in italics or underlined. Series title andDor volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: ;HIS,$I), 4. T. -800.1 *arwin, 7harles -*arwinism1. In% $evin, S. (. -ed.1 nc+clopaedia of -iodiversit+. 6olume 8 *<FI. $ondon% (cademic #ress. &n-text example: -;hiselin 800.1 (s suggested by ;hiselin -800.1@. A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

.xhi%ition catalogues
7ite and reference ,!hibition 7atalogues in the same format as a book. However, if the e!hibition catalogue has no author, use the title of the gallery or museum. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. or ;alleryD4useum name. -ed.1 or -eds.1<in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Catalogue Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of publication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: ',,*, #. -80021 ;roundswell% constructing the contemporar+ landscape: published on the occasion of the e/hibition at the 3useum of 3odern Art4 Ne7 ?or.4 2<th 8ebruar+ " $@ 3a+ 2==<. )ew =ork% 4useum of 4odern (rt. 4useum of 4odern (rt. -80031. dvard 3unch: the modern life of the soul: published on the occasion of the e/hibition at the 3useum of 3odern Art4 Ne7 ?or. $A 8ebruar+ " & 3a+ 2==@ 7ith an introduction b+ B+naston 3c!hine. )ew =ork% 4useum of 4odern (rt. &n-text examples: -'eed, 80021 -4useum of 4odern (rt. 80031 (s 'eed -80021 suggests@@. (s the 4useum of 4odern (rt -80031 e!hibition highlights@@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

#
#ilm on video'D3D
#ormat: Title ) in italics or underlined. -=ear of distribution < in brackets1 Format type i.e. film, animated film. *irected by > name of directors. E4aterial type > in square bracketsF. #lace of distribution% *istribution 7ompany. $i%liography examples: Re1uiem for a Dream. -80001 Film. *irected by *arren (ronofsky. E*6*F. +5%

4omentum #ictures. Chic.en Run. -80001 (nimated Film. *irected by #eter $ord and )ick #ark. E6HSF +5% #athe *istribution. &n-text example: If you refer to a film in the body of your work, the title will need to be underlined or placed in italics% -Chic.en Run4 80001 @this is highlighted by HarryCs character in the film Re1uiem for a Dream -80001.

&
&mage in a %oo)
Images, art work, graphs and charts from books are not referenced in the same way as book chapters. In<te!t you need to mention the image or art work and the page number, but in the &ibliography you will need to reference the source -book, etc.1 where you found the image, art work, etc. $i%liography format: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1<in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: If you refer to an image in your work from a book, for e!ample a photograph from the following book, you will need to reference the source -book1 where the item can be found% FISH, J. -800H1. Photographs and Art. $ondon% Fish and Sons. &n-text: In<te!t references to works of art, images, etc. in a book are highlighted in the te!t by italics or underlining the title of the work and following it with the -surname of the author, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number where the image can be located > in brackets1% The photograph Night time by &loggs in 800. -Fish. 800H. p.3I1 shows..... This was highlighted in &loggCs Night time -Fish. 800H. p. 3I1.

&nterview (you have conducted"

#ormat: )ame of person interviewed > F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of interview > in brackets1 Title of intervie7 " in italics or underlined. EInterview > medium of sourceF. *ate the interview was conducted. $i%liography example: H(TT9), (. -800?1 Development of librar+ support for earl+ +ears students. EInterviewF. 8Hth (pril 800?. &n-text example: -Hatton, 800?1 ...as indicated by Hatton -800?1

&nterview (recorded"
#ormat: )ame of person interviewed < F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of interview > in brackets1 *ntervie7 7ith Author and Date " in italics of underlined. #lace of interview. E'ecording in possession of authorF $i%liography example: H(TT9), (. -800?1. *ntervie7 7ith A.#atton on $<th April 2==&. Stoke on Trent. E'ecording in possession of authorF &n-text example: -Hatton, 800?1 @.as noted by Hatton -800?1

5
5ournal article (printed 6ournal article"
Printed article format: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication > in brackets1 Title of article. Title of Cournal ) in italics or underlined. 6olume number. -#art numberDmonth > in brackets1. p. followed by page numbers. $i%liography examples: T,FTS, 5. : &$(5S,,, S. -80001 *id you hear the one about &oolean operatorsP Incorporating comedy into library instruction. Reference !ervices Revie7. 8? -H1. p. N3/<NI?. &n-text example: -Trefts : &laksee 80001 This supports Trefts : &lakseeCs -80001 evidence that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

5ournal article (online'electronic 6ournal article"

/nline article format: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication > in brackets1 Title of article. Title of Cournal ) in italics or underlined. E9nline > in square bracketsF 6olume number. -#art numberDmonth > n brackets1. p followed by page numbers. (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF $i%liography example: GI$S9), J. -.//21. ,nter the cyberpunk librarian% future directions in cyberspace. ;ibrar+ Revie7. E9nlineF HH -?1. p.3N<I8. (vailable from% http%DDwww.emeraldinsight.com E(ccessed N0D0.D800?F &n-text example: -Gilson, J. .//21 (ccording to Gilson -.//21@. A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

4
4aw Reports
Ghen referencing $aw 'eports, square brackets are used for the year of publication when the date is essential for finding the report. 'ound brackets are used when the date is of assistance to when a case was reported in law reports which also have continuous volume numbers. #ormat: Names of parties " in italics. E=ear > in square brackets or round brackets > see aboveF *ate andDor volume > if available and abbreviated name of the report and number of first page. $i%liography example: Gillic. v ,est Norfol. and ,isbech A#A. E./?3F (.7. ..8. Par.inson v A/on. -./2.1 8 5.&. 3I?. &n-text example: (s highlighted in Gillic. v ,est Norfol. and ,isbech (H( E./?3F Par.inson v A/on 0$%<$2 indicated thatD A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

4ecture
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of lecture > in brackets1 Title of lecture " in italics or underlined. E$ectureF. Title of 4odule. )ame of teaching organisation, *epartment, the location and date. $i%liography example: FISH, J. -800I1 8uture of *nformation E$ectureF (cademic Futures. Information 4anagement 4odule. Staffordshire +niversity, $ibrary, 'oom 9QNN, .?th July 80... &n-text examples -Fish, J. 800I1 (s indicated by Fish -800I1... A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

4ecture 7otes
#rovide as much detail as possible if you are referencing from $ecture notes andDor handouts. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of $ecture > in brackets1 Title of $ecture, 4odule 7ode < capitalised, E$ecture notes or handouts in square bracketsF Title of ;ecture notes distributed " in italics or underlined. Title of 4odule. )ame of teaching organisation, *epartment, the location, date. $i%liography example: FISH, J. -800I1 Future of Information, 77<F9I)F9=8. E$ecture notesF Academic 8utures. Information 4anagement 4odule. Staffordshire +niversity, $ibrary, 'oom 9QNN, .?th July. &n-text examples -Fish, J. 800I1

(s indicated by Fish -800I1... A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

0
0aps
#ormat: F(4I$=D S+')(4,, Initials or ISS+I); 9';()IS(TI9). -=ear of publication > in brackets1 Title of map in italics or underlined. Sheet number > if available. Scale details. Series > if available. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 9'*)()7, S+'6,=. -./231 3ap of Roman -ritain, Scale si!teen miles to one inch. Southampton% 9rdnance Survey. &n-text example: -9rdnance Survey, ./231 (s can be seen in the 3ap of Roman -ritain -9rdnance Survey, ./231

0ar)et !urvey report (printed"

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. 9r 79'#9'(T, (+TH9'D',S,('7H ;'9+#. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Report Title including dates and series if available ) in italics or underlined. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 4I)T,$ -800?1 Pi''a and Pasta Restaurants ) 6B. $ondon% 4intel. &n-text example: -4intel 80081 The trends highlighted by 4intel -80081 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1 4arket Survey 'eport -online Delectronic1

0ar)et !urvey report (online"

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. or 79'#9'(T, (+TH9'D',S,('7H ;'9+#. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Report Title including dates and series if available ) in italics or underlined E9nline > in square bracketsF. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by the date > in square bracketsF $i%liography format: 4I)T,$ -800I1 ;eisure >enue Catering 6B 3arch 2==A EonlineF. $ondon% 4intel. (vailable from http%DDacademic.mintel.comD E(ccessed% 82D0HD800?F &n-text format: 4intel -800I1

(s highlighted by 4intel -800I1 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

0usic scores

4usical scores are treated the same as referencing a book. #ormat: F(4I$=D S+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of score " in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: )=4(), 4. -800N1 Pieces from the Piano -#ocket 4anual1 -Sheet 4usic1. +5% 4usic Sales $td. &n-text example: -)yman 800N1

7
7ewspaper article (printed article"
#ormat: S+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of (rticle. Title of Ne7spaper ) in italics or underlined. *ay and month of article. #age number of article < if available. $i%liography example: '()*,'S9), J. -800?1 'esearchers find fish that can count up to four. The Guardian. 83th February. &n-text .xample: -'anderson, 800?1 'andersonCs -800?1 article indicates that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

7ewspaper article (online ' electronic article"

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of (rticle. Title of Ne7spaper ) in italics or underlined. E9nlineF *ay and month of article. #age number of article < if available. (vailable from > +'$ of database supplier. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF $i%liography example: '()*,'S9), J. -800?1 'esearchers find fish that can count up to four. The Guardian. 83th February. p..H. (vailable from% http%DDwww.le!isne!is.comDuk. E(ccessed% 88nd 4ay 800?F. &n-text example: -'anderson, 800?1 'andersonCs -800?1 article indicates that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname. =ear of

#ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

7ewspaper article (no author"

If there is no author present, use the title of the newspaper > in italics of underlined to start your reference. #ormat: Title of Ne7spaper " in italics of underlined. -=ear of publication < in brackets1. Title of (rticle. *ay and month of article. #age number of article < if available. $i%liography example: The Guardian. -./?I1 ,!ploration of the 7oast. )ov 8Hth. &n-text example: -The Guardian, ./?I1 The Guardian -./?I1 article indicates that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname. =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

7ewspaper (artoon
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4, -=ear of publication <in brackets1 Title of 7artoon. E7artoonF Title of Ne7spaper ) in italics or underlined. *ay and month of cartoon. #age number of cartoon < if available. $i%liography example: &(T,4(), (. -800?1. Ghat a #olitical battle. E7artoonF (pril 800?. p3. &n-text example: -&ateman 800?1 @as depicted in &atemanCs -800?1 cartoon. ast Coast *ndependent. .Hth

7o Author'Anonymous
For publications without individual authors use (non instead of the authorCs name. However, if you are referring to a newspaper article without an author, replace anon with the title of the )ewspaper. #ormat: ()9). -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: ()9). -80081 Atlas of Anatom+. 7obham, Surrey% Ta &ooks. &n-text example: Human anatomy can be seen in this way -(non 80081...

7o pu%lication date

#ormat: If the item you are referencing has no publication date or only an appro!imate or dubious date, use the following information to best describe the item% If there is no date available use the abbreviation -n.d.1 in brackets If there is only an appro!imate date available precede the appro!imate date

with a lowercase c. -for circa1 in brackets, for e!ample -c../0N1. $i%liography example: *+)*,, 7IT= ('T ;($$,'= and 4+S,+4. -n.d.1 Dundee Tiles $&&=)$%E=. *undee% *undee 7ity (rt ;allery and 4useum. '99S,6,$T, T. -c..??31. Thomas #art -enton. &oston and )ew =ork% Houghton<4ifflin and 7ompany. &n-text example: -*undee 7ity (rt ;allery and 4useum. n.d.1 This was shown at the e!hibition hosted at the *undee 7ity (rt ;allery and 4useum -n.d.1 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

/
/fficial Pu%lications
#ormat: 79+)T'=.)(4, 9F 7944ITT,,, *,#('T4,)T or '9=($ 7944ISI9) -=ear of publication > in brackets1 Title of publication ) in italics or underlined. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. -#aper number > if available in brackets1. $i%liography examples: ;',(T &'IT(I). H,($TH7(', 7944ISSI9), (+*IT 7944ISSI9) for $97($ (+TH9'ITI,S in ,);$()* and G($,S. )(TI9)($ (+*IT 9FFI7,. -80031 Tac.ling Child :besit+: 8irst !teps. $ondon% Stationery 9ffice. ;',(T &'IT(I). *,#('T4,)T 9F H,($TH. -.//21. ;ondon9s Ambulance !ervice: Government response to the !econd Report from the #ealth Committee !ession $%%() %<. $ondon% H.4.S.9 -7m N00/1. &n-text example: -;reat &ritain. Healthcare 7ommission, (udit 7ommission for $ocal (uthorities in ,ngland and Gales. )ational (udit 9ffice. 80031. Statistics from the ;reat &ritain Healthcare 7ommission, (udit 7ommission for $ocal (uthorities in ,ngland and Gales. )ational (udit 9ffice. -80031 show that... -;reat &ritain. *epartment of Health. .//21. (s indicated by the ;reat &ritain *epartment of Health -.//21 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1.

/nline video
9nline video citation should commence with the name of the originator -screen name1 or organisation which produced the online video. #ormat: F(4I$=D S+')(4,, initials or 9';()IS(TI9) IF )9 )(4,* #,'S9) IS (6(I$(&$,. -=ear of distribution < in brackets1 Title of :nline >ideo " in italics or underlined. If available indicate the )umber andDor title if part of a series. E9nline video > in square bracketsF. *ate of the online video. (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF. $i%liography example:

&,'5,'$,= +)I6,'SIT= of 7($IF9')I( ,6,)TS, +7&,'5,$,=,6,)TS -800I1 -uilding Academic ;ibrar+ 2.=. E9nline 6ideoF. )ovember ./th. (vailable from% http%DDwww.youtube.comDwatchPvRqLu95FhoKnI. E(ccessed% 4ay ./th 800?F. &n-text: If you refer to an online video in the body of your work, the title will need to be underlined or placed in italics% @as can be seen in &erkeleyCs presentation -uilding Academic ;ibrar+ 2.= -800I1.

/riginal wor)s of Art

4aterial types can include% paintings, photographs, illustrations, ceramics, cartoons, drawing, etchings, sculptures, woodcut, etc. =our reference should state the artistCs name, its title and where the item can be located or viewed. If no name is available, use the title of the piece > in italics or underlined as the first element of the reference. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials. -=ear > in brackets1 Title of art7or. " in italics or underlined4 E4aterial type > in square bracketsF. Title of (rt ;allery, 4useum etc, $ocation or 7ity $i%liography example: &'994, S. -80081 Da+light. E#hotographF. 4anor (rt ;allery, 4anchester. 7,*(', 4. -./N?1. 3ars at Night. ESculptureF. 4anor (rt ;allery, 4anchester. &n-text example: -&room. 80081 @highlighted by 7edarCs 3ars at Night -./N?1

P
Play script (pu%lished"
If you are referring to the printed publicationDscript of a play, emphasis is given to the author first and the play is referenced as a book -see e!ample1% #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title of Pla+) in italics or underlined. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. $i%liography example: 9S&9'),, J. -./2I1 ;oo. -ac. in Anger. $ondon% Faber and Faber. &n-text example: -9sborne, ./2I1 @supported by 9sborneCs -./2I1 play ;oo. -ac. in Anger... A*irect quotations from a play are placed in double quotations marksB -playwrightsC Surname, followed by =ear of #ublication, (ct, Scene andDor page number > in brackets1

Plays (performance"
If you refer to production and performance elements of a play that you have

viewed within your assignment, your reference will need to give emphasis to the title of the play first -see e!amples1 #ormat: Title of Pla+) in italics or underlined. &y (+TH9'. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 E#lay > in square bracketsF. #roduction date. Theatre and #lace of performance. #erformers names. *irector. $i%liography example: A Round of Applause. &y H(''= ;',,). -80031 E#layF. First #roduced .?th June. 'ound Theatre, &urns Good. #erformers% I. &loggs : S. Jones. *irector% Harry ;reen.

Podcast
#odcast citations should commence with the name of the originator or organisation which produced the podcast. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials or organisation if no named person is available. -=ear of distribution < in brackets1 Title of Podcast " in italics or underlined. )umber andDor title of the episode > if needed. E9nline > in square bracketsF. *ate of the #odcast. (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF $i%liography examples: &&7 '(*I9 H. -800?1 3aterial ,orld: !evern -arrage F Palaeopatholog+ introduced by Suentin 7ooper. E9nlineF. Thursday .2th 4ay. (vailable from% http%DDwww.bbc.co.ukDradioHDscienceDthematerialworld.shtml. E(ccessed% ./th 4ay 800?F &n-text example: If you refer to a podcast in the body of your work, the title will need to be underlined or placed in italics% ...e!amined in &&7 'adio HCs podcast 3aterial ,orld: !evern -arrage F Palaeopatholog+ -800?1.

Poem (from an anthology"

#oems are not referenced in the same way as book chapters. In<te!t you need to mention the poem and poet and page number, but in the &ibliography you will need to reference the source -book, etc.1 where you found the poem. #ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -ed.1 or -eds.1<in brackets for editor-s1 -=ear of publication < in brackets1 -oo. Title ) in italics or underlined. Series title and volume < if available. ,dition < if not the first. #lace of #ublication% #ublisher. #ictitious $i%liography example: If you refer to a poem in your work from a book, for e!ample a poem from the following book, you will need to reference the source -book1 where the poem can be found% FISH, J. -800H1 The Art of Poetr+. $ondon% Fish and Sons. &n-text:

The poem !pring Time by &loggs -Fish. 800H. p.3I1 shows..... This was highlighted in &loggsC !pring Time -Fish. 800H. p.3I1. A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

R
Radio %roadcast
(s 'adio broadcasts are the production of a collection of individuals, they should be cited using the title of the broadcast first. For programmes within a series, the episode should also be indicated after the series title. #ormat: Title ) in italics or underlined. )umber andDor title of the episode > if needed. -=ear of distribution < in brackets1 )ame of broadcaster. &roadcast or transmission date. $i%liography example: *t9s Not Gust about the 3usic. ./3? Season. -800?1 &&7 'adio H. Thursday .0th (pril. &n-text example: If you refer to a radio broadcast in the body of your work, the title will need to be underlined or placed in italics% @highlighted in *t9s Not Gust about the 3usic -800?1@

!
!econdary Referencing using Harvard
8hat is !econdary Referencing9 Secondary referencing occurs when you are reading a book or ournal article whose author uses facts or information from research done by someone else, and you want to use this to support your own assignment. How to !econdary Reference There are 8 ways that you can approach a secondary reference% .. =ou locate the original research so that you can read, use and cite directly from this original source. This is often the preferred method as this shows that you have e!ercised and increased your own research for your assignment. 8. In some instances this may not be possible as the original research may be difficult to find or gain access to. If you are confident that this secondary source is reliable and accurate you can refer to it in your own work using the Harvard rules for secondary referencing -see below for e!amples1 &n-text example: If you have read the book T4odern 9rganisationsC by &ill Jones -800I1 and he refers to another author, Jean Smith and her ideas of Torganisational devolutionC -./?I1 and you want to include SmithCs ideas, using the Harvard system your citation must indicate that you have used a secondary source and not the original work undertaken by Smith% Jean Smith -./?I1, as summariKed by Jones -800I1 highlights the application of Torganisational devolutionC to result in@ 9r

SmithCs -./?I1 Torganisational devolutionC indicates this possibility -in Jones 800I, p. H21 $i%liography example: Ghen using the Harvard system in terms of secondary referencing your &ibliography only needs to give the details of the source that you have read for the assignment. +sing the e!ample above, you would refer to the main te!t -Jones 800I1 as J9),S, & -800I1. 3odern :rganisations. $ondon% 'outledge.

!ound recording : audio (D2 (assette2 3inyl Records

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 Title<in italics or underlined E4aterial type>in square bracketsF. #lace of *istribution% *istribution 7ompany. $i%liography example: *=$(), &. -800.1 $ove and Theft E7*F +5% 7olumbia 'ecordings. &n-text example: If you refer to the title of a recording in the body of your work, the title will need to be underlined or placed in italics% -*ylan, 800.1 @as influenced by *ylanCs $ove and Theft -800.1@

!tatutes (Acts of Parliament" - U

#ormat: 79+)T'=. )ame of (ct% )ame of Sovereign. Chapter Number " in italics or underlined. -=ear of #ublication > in brackets1 #lace of #ublication% #ublisher.
$i%liography example: ;',(T &'IT(I). #uman Rights Act $%%&: li'abeth ll. Chapter (2. -.//?1 $ondon% The Stationery 9ffice. &n-text example: The #uman Rights Act $%%& indicated that@ A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

!tatutory &nstruments : U

#ormat: Name and date of !tatutor+ *nstrument > in italics or underlined. -SI number > in brackets1. $i%liography example: The Rural Development 0 nforcement2 0 ngland2 Regulations 2==A. -SI 800IDI21. The Air Hualit+ !tandards Regulations 2==A. -SI 800ID3H1. &n-text example: The Air Hualit+ !tandards Regulations 2==A indicated that@@ 0The Rural Development 0 nforcement2 0 ngland2 Regulations 2==A2 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

;
;elevision %roadcast
(s Television broadcasts are the production of a collection of individuals, they should be cited using the title of the broadcast first. For programmes within a series, the episode should also be indicated after the series title. #ormat: !eries title " in italics or underlined. )umber andDor title of the episode > if needed. -=ear of distribution < in brackets1 Transmitting organisation and channel, full date and time of transmission. $i%liography examples: Panorama. The 7hallenge of the Si!ties. -800?1 &&7H. Thursday .2th 4ay. .I%H2. &n-text example: If you refer to a television broadcast in the body of your work, the title will need to be underlined or placed in italics% -Panorama. The 7hallenge of the Si!ties 800?1 @as e!amined in Panorama9s The 7hallenge of the Si!ties -800?1

;hesis
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of submission < in brackets1 Title of Thesis ) in italics or underlined. *egree statement. *egree (warding &ody. $ocation% )ame of +niversity. $i%liography example: &('),S, *. $. -80001 An *nvestigation into the Process of 8ormation of :perations !trateg+ in !mall 3anufacturing Companies. ( Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the 'equirements of Staffordshire +niversity for the *egree of *octor of #hilosophy. Stoke<on<Trent% Staffordshire +niversity. &n-text example: -&arnes 80001 @indicated by &arnes -80001 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

U
Unpu%lished 8or)
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, Initials. -=ear of publication < in brackets1 *tem title " in italics or underlined. +npublished. $i%liography example: &'I75, 7. -80081 The ;ocal. +npublished. &n-text example:

-&rick, 7. 80081 This was the conclusion supported by &rick -80081 A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

$ills (House of (ommons or House of 4ords"

#ormat: Name and +ear of -ill. House of #arliament from which the bill originated in abbreviation format i.e. House of $ords R H$ or House of 7ommons R H7, any relevant section numbers, if available, -number of the &ill > in brackets1 $i%liography example: Climate Change -ill 2==A)=&. H$ &ill -/1 &n-text example: (s can be seen in the Climate Change -ill 2==A)=&D A*irect quotations are placed in double quotations marksB -(uthorCs Surname, =ear of #ublication, p. > followed by page number > in brackets1

8
8e%site
#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials or name of website if no author is available. -=ear < in brackets1 Title of 7ebsite " in italics or underlined. (ny numbers if website is part of a series > if needed. E9nline >in square bracketsF (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF $i%liography format: &&7 ),GS -800?1 8actor+ Gloom 7orst since $%&=. E9nlineF (vailable from% http%DDnews.bbc.co.ukD.DhiDbusinessDI3?.23/.stm E(ccessed% 8. 9ctober 800?F &n-text example: -&&7 )ews 800?1 @as reported on &&7 )ews -800?1

8e%site : 8e% document

#ormat: F(4I$=DS+')(4,, initials or name of website if no author is available. -=ear < in brackets1 Title of 7eb document " in italics or underlined. (ny numbers as indicated on the web document, i.e. if part of a series < if needed. E9nline > in square bracketsF *ate of document > if specified. (vailable from < +'$. E(ccessed% followed by date in square bracketsF $i%liography format: ,);$ISH H,'IT(;,. -80021 ,ind nerg+ and the #istoric nvironment. E9nlineF 9ctober 8002. (vailable from% http%DDwww.english< heritage.org.ukDuploadDpdfDGindL,nergyL-final1.pdf. E(ccessed% 80th 4ay 800?F &n-text example: -,nglish Heritage. 800?1

@as indicated by ,nglish Heritage in their report ,ind nerg+ and the #istoric nvironment -80021

8i)is
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