Joanna Leon ENC 1102 April 4, 2014 Literature Review Various studies have been done to determine whether

or not bilin ual edu!ation provides a positive impa!t and advanta es to its students" Althou h these studies have not issued a de#inite answer, the$ have iven us insi ht and understandin to the bene#its o# possibl$ in!orporatin bilin ual edu!ation #or students a!ross the nation" %his !ould drasti!all$ !han e the edu!ation s$stem, ivin students the opportunit$ to ain better readin s&ills '(!hi&oshi 2012)" %his &ind o# s$stem !an either have students who are e*perien!ed in both lan ua es bein tau ht in, or have students who+s ever$da$ lan ua e is not their native ton ue, so will be tau ht in both lan ua es to help ive an in depth understandin o# the material while learnin a se!ond lan ua e" %hrou hout this resear!h, , sou ht to #ind out i# there are si ni#i!ant advanta es to bein a bilin ual student, su!h as di##eren!es between bilin ual and monolin ual students learnin to read and write" ,n addition to advanta es and disadvanta es #or students, studies dis!ussed the di##erent st$les o# learnin and the publi!-s opinion towards this &ind o# s$stem" .ubli! opinion not onl$ in#luen!es whether or not a bilin ual edu!ation s$stem !an be ran, but how it would be ran" ,# the ma/orit$ o# people do not a!!ept this &ind o# tea!hin , it would stand no !han!e be!ause people hold the power to vote a ainst institutionali0in a bilin ual s$stem #or students" ,n one !ase, the department o# bilin ual edu!ation was under#unded and ne le!ted #rom the lar er distri!t" 1ostl$ in !ases

involvin s$stems where En lish was bein tau ht as a se!ond lan ua e, less in#ormation was available" %e*tboo& authors limited the !ontent when translated to 2panish and sometimes even omitted entire se!tions o# the readin " 3e!ause o# the wa$ it was viewed, these bilin ual students and tea!hers had limitations #rom within that were !ause b$ the outside view '4it0 erald and 2mith)" 3$ !ondu!tin various studies, resear!hers have un!overed the ver$ bene#i!ial sides o# bilin ual edu!ation" 5oun su& #rom the (niversit$ o# Cambrid e studied the e##e!ts o# e*pressive writin in bilin uals" 3$ as&in parti!ipants to write in either one or two di##erent lan ua es i# possible, she re!o ni0ed that those who were bilin ual and used two lan ua es had in eneral a more personal and amiable e*perien!e that resulted in more su!!ess#ul writin " As other studies have announ!ed, i# bilin ual edu!ation does not handi!ap their litera!$ learnin , then it has been su!!ess#ul and e##e!tive in tea!hin students multiple lan ua es in a variet$ o# sub/e!ts" %he impa!ts o# this #orm o# edu!ation have been studied loball$" ,n the 6est A#ri!an !ountries o# Ni er and 7uinea83issau, 3enson #ound that bilin ual s!hools o##ered a more d$nami! environment #or the $oun learners and in!orporated more intera!tive a!tivities" %he bilin ual students here s!ored as hi h or hi her than their monolin ual peers" 9owever, i# the shi#tin #rom lan ua es is abrupt, there would not be a use#ul and su!!ess#ul edu!ation s$stem o##ered to students" :ne o# the most important variables in the stud$ was the ;ualit$ o# the !lassroom and the tea!her" ,# students are bein tau ht in an environment where the$ are not pla$in an a!tive role, are not involved in, or the tea!hers themselves !annot suppl$ what is demanded and needed #rom them, then the students !annot thrive and learn no matter the lan ua e bein tau ht in '3enson<

9ovens< 6illi < 5oun su&)" As both sides o# the ar ument !ontinue to publish resear!h out to the other, we !an anal$0e the spe!i#i!s in their writin s to better understand a bilin ual edu!ation" ,t is ;uite possible that a bilin ual edu!ation !an indeed handi!ap students" ,# the lan ua es are not evenl$ balan!ed and are shi#ted in an abrupt manner, students would easil$ et !on#used and would sa!ri#i!e a bene#i!ial edu!ation #or the students involved" 6hen the parti!ipants anal$0ed the di!tation o# several words, =osar #ound that bilin ual students la!&ed a!!ura!$ and had more edu!ational errors than those monolin ual students who were tested" Another e*periment published some #indin s demonstratin that bilin ual students had si ni#i!antl$ slower rea!tion times then the monolin ual students when tested in spee!h !omprehension, spea&in , readin and writin s&ills" 9owever in some !ases, #indin s report that both the monolin ual and bilin ual students held their stren ths in di##erent areas" Another !ontributin #a!tor to the e##e!tiveness o# a bilin ual edu!ation is the a e o# the student" 4or e*ample, 9aedeh-s stud$ dis!overed that even thou h in eneral the monolin ual roup o# students produ!ed hi her s!ores than both the bilin ual roups in the stud$, the $oun est bilin ual students '#irst rade) who were e*amined had si ni#i!antl$ hi her s!ores than the monolin ual students in the same rade" %his trend diminished, as the parti!ipants ot older '9aedeh< =osar< Laine)" A#ter stud$in and reviewin the advanta es and disadvanta es that a bilin ual edu!ation s$stem would implement, those who thin& we should have more bilin ual edu!ation would still need to dis!uss details on how it !ould be done" 3e!ause people hold the power to vote a ainst institutionali0in a bilin ual s$stem #or students, these advanta es and #a!ts would need to be presented b$ a ;uali#ied person to a board in

order to dis!uss thin s su!h as how su!h a pro ram would be #unded" A possible wa$ o# e##e!tivel$ presentin this in#ormation to an audien!e would be b$ proposin a white paper" %his would ta&e all the studies and statisti!s that resear!hers have done, and put the advanta es o# bilin ual edu!ation into a #ormat that would help people understand in an eas$ wa$" 6ithout properl$ translatin this in#ormation to the audien!es, this t$pe o# edu!ation s$stem would never ma&e it to s!hools" %he ma/or #a!tor ne!essar$ #or this is how it would be #unded, whi!h is somethin that needs to be dis!ussed more in this topi!" %his new &ind o# edu!ation s$stem would ta&e more ;uali#ied pro#essionals to tea!h, whi!h would !ome with hi her pa$s, alon with new &inds o# te*tboo&s and materials used to tea!h this in#ormation to students" 3e!ause o# the hi her !osts that would !ome with this s$stem, board members mi ht initiall$ be in!lined to vote a ainst it" %ea!hers, resear!hers, #uture students that would be in this &ind o# pro rams, student who were not able to re!eive a bilin ual edu!ation, and possibl$ even parents o# these students !an !ome out and spea& about the reasons that the advanta es o# this would outwei h the new !osts it would re;uire" :n!e this has been a!!omplished, it would need to be ta&en to a hi her level than the s!hool board" %his s$stem !an either #un!tion as a publi! s!hool and be overnment #unded, or !an a!t as a private s!hool s$stem and either be privatel$ #unded b$ ea!h individual student o# throu h or ani0ations" %here are man$ #a!tors that would need to o into implementin a bilin ual edu!ation s$stem nationwide" %here has been e*tensive resear!h done to show the advanta es that this edu!ation would provide to students, but how it would a!tuall$ be

done has been #ailed to be dis!ussed as thorou hl$" 6ithout this, /ust havin people !onvin!ed that it would be positive #or students, would not be enou h #or bilin ual edu!ation to ma&e it into a !lassroom"

6or& Cited 4it0 erald, Jenni#er" >.ubli! :pinion :n 3ilin ual Edu!ation ,n Colorado And 1assa!husetts"> %he 2o!ial 2!ien!e Journal 4?"2 '2011)@ AB18ACD" 9aedeh Eahedian, et al" F%he E##e!t o# 3ilin ualism on Letter and Cate or$ 4luen!$ %as&s in .rimar$ 2!hool Children@ Advanta e or disadvanta eG 3ilin ualism@ Lan ua e and Co nition. 3ilin ualism@ Lan ua e And Co nition 1H"2'2010)@ AH18AD4" ER,C" 6eb" B :!t 2012" 9ovens, 1art" F3ilin ual Edu!ation in 6est A#ri!a" Ioes ,t 6or&GJ International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism H"H '2002)@ 24C82DD" 6eb" B :!t" 2012" =osar, 3ere$hi, Esta&i 1ahna0, and Asha$eri 9assan" >Comparative Ii!tation 1ista&es And A!ademi! A!hievement :# 3ilin ual 'Arabi!8.ersian) And 1onolin ual '.ersian) 2tudents"> Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences 30.2nd orld

!onference on Ps"cholog"# !ounselling and $uidance '2011)@ 1DH281DHD" 2!ien!eIire!t" 6eb" 1 :!t" 2012" Laine 1atti, et al" >Ii##eren!es ,n 6ord Re!o nition 3etween Earl$ 3ilin uals And 1onolin uals@ 3ehavioral And ER. Eviden!e"> %euro&s"chologia H0"B'2012)@ 1AD28 1AB1" 2!ien!eIire!t" 6eb" A0 2ept" 2012" 2mith, 1atthew Iavid, and Arturo Rodri ue0" >A Criti!al 4oundation 4or 3ilin ual Edu!ation"> Journal 4or Criti!al Edu!ation .oli!$ 2tudies C"2 '2011)@ 1?D81C?" ER,C"

6eb" A0 2ept" 2012" (!hi&oshi, 5uu&o, and 9elen 1aniates" >9ow Ioes 3ilin ual ,nstru!tion Enhan!e En lish A!hievementG A 1i*ed81ethods 2tud$ :# Cantonese82pea&in And 2panish8 2pea&in 3ilin ual Classrooms"> 3ilin ual Resear!h Journal AA"A '2010)@" 6eb" H :!t" 2012" 6illi , Ann C" FA 1eta8Anal$sis o# 2ele!ted 2tudies on the E##e!tiveness o# 3ilin ual Edu!ation"J 'evie( of Educational 'esearch. HH"A'1C?H)@ 2DC8A1B" 2a e" 6eb" A0 2eptember 2012" 5oun su&, =im" >E##e!ts :# E*pressive 6ritin Amon 3ilin uals@ E*plorin .s$!holo i!al 6ell83ein And 2o!ial 3ehaviour"> British Journal )f *ealth Ps"cholog" 1A"1 '200?)@ 4A84B" A!ademi! 2ear!h .remier" 6eb" H :!t" 2012"