3.2.1 Tm tt v vic Mt v tranh chp c a ra to n M vi ni dung nh sau: Cng ty California Sugar thu hng tu Columbia Steamship ch 12.

000 tn ng t Hawai i vnh Mexique trn tu C.Brewer theo hp ng tu chuyn. Sau khi ri knh Panama c mt ngy th tu b mc cn ti vng bin Caribe. Tu phi gi cu h ca hng Lloyds Salvage th mi thot cn, mt s hng b tn tht. Ngi thu tu khi kin ngi chuyn ch vi l do tu thiu kh nng i bin v yu cu bi thng 3.2.1 Tranh lun cc bn Nguyn n B n Ngi thu tu a ra bn im sau Ch tu yu cu phi c min trch chng minh s thiu kh nng i bin theo do: ca tu: La bn v raio khng thch hp. My o su hot ng km. Trong phng hi khng c ch dn v hng i. Tu khng c hi chi tit c ln. xut trnh y chng t chng t tu kh nng i bin khi bt u chuyn i. Tu mc cn l do s sut ca thuyn trng B n khng chng minh c iu mnh mun kin quy li cho tu l ci g v hnh vi no ca pha tu l nguyn nhn trc tip gy ra tn tht cho hng ha.

3.2.3 Phn quyt Ta cng nhn lp lun ca ch tu l tu mc cn do s sut ca thuyn trng, do tu c min trch. 3.2.4 Bi hc

T n l trn ta thy rng nu bn nguyn n quy kt nguyn nhn khng ng v chng t khng thuyt phc s khng buc c ch tu chu trch nhim i vi tn tht. Do , nu ri vo tnh trng tng t, ch hng cn quy kt nguyn nhn cho ng v c th, v cn c gng tm chng t thuyt phc