3D Printing

Printing process
Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a print press.

GUTTENBERGS PRINTING PRESS. INVENTED IN 15TH CENTURY USED MOULDS MADE OF BRASS

Invention of first printing machine

FIRST PRINTING MACHINE WAS INVENTED BY JOHANNES GENSFLEISH IN 1803.

THIS SUPERSEDED THE COST AND SLOW PRODUCTION.

Subtractive Manufacturing

Creates a product by removing sections from a block of material. Generates waste through the excess material that is removed. Limited design capabilities.

Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) Machining

A method of Subtractive Manufacturing that removes sections from a block of material by cutting or drilling the excess material away.

Additive Manufacturing

Creates a product through adding materials to the object.

Adds material layer by layer until printing is finished. Allows for complex and intricate designs.

3D Printing

A method of Additive Manufacturing that adds material to an object layer by layer to create the final product.

3D printing

Imagine a near future in which a device connected to your desktop prints a SOLID OBJECT!!!!!!

We can have tangible goods and intangible services delivered over the INTERNET.

Different

methods

Selective laser sintering (SLS)

Stereolithography
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) Laminated object manufacturing

SLS method
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic or glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape

STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UVcurable photopolymer resi n and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time.

STEREOLITHOGRAPHY
(contd).

CAD (Computer Assisted Design) Programs help users create STL Files for the 3D Printers to read.
STL (STereoLithography) file format a file format which uses many little triangles to make a 3 dimensional plot of the objects intended surface.

FDM
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications

Laminated object manufacturing

Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is a rapid prototyping system developed by Helisys Inc. In it, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic or metal laminates are successively glued together and cut to shape with a knife or laser cutter.

Equipment types
Dimension 3D printer

Specification of uPrint
Build Envelope Size & Weight Layer Modeling Thickness Material Support Material Price

635 x 660 x 787 mm(25 x 203 x 152 26 x 31 x 152 in)76 kg mm(8 x 6 (168 x 6 in) lbs)(with one

.254 mm (.010 in)

ABSplus in ivory only.

Soluble only

$14,900 (11.900)

What is

ABSplus?

ABSplus is a production-grade thermoplastic that gives models the ability to perform just like production parts in real-world functional testing.

Technique

The PRINTING CYCLE

a)

Preparation : Once you click 3D print from Z-print , the printer initiates the pre build routine. First it warms the air inside the printer and creates optimum operating environment.

At the same time , it fills the Build Chamber with 1/8th inch layer powder ( so that finished parts rest on it).

The PRINTING CYCLE

b) Printing :

Once the pre-build is complete , the printer begins printing the layers created in the Z-print software. The machine deposits 0.1mm thick layer of powder from the Hopper. The Print Carriage then moves across this layer depositing the binder.

The PRINTING CYCLE

The binder solidifies the powder in that cross section of the model. The piston below the Build Carriage lowers the powdered bed by 0.1mm , preparing the next layer. The process repeats until the model is complete

The PRINTING CYCLE

c) Depowdering/Recycling :

When finished the model, it is suspended in the powder to cure. At the end of curing time , the machine then automatically removes most of the powder around the model by vaccum pressure.

The loose powder is pneumatically conveyed through the system for reuse.

3D Printing : The Chemical Process

A platform which serves as the base of the object is submerged into a vat of polymers. UV light cures and hardens these polymers with each pass over the object. Once a pass is finished, the platform lowers slightly into the vat, allowing more uncured polymers to cover the object.

Applications of 3D Printing

Prototyping
Modeling Custom parts Design Research

3D Printing and Sustainability

3D printing with non harmful chemicals. 3D printing generates almost no waste during manufacturing, and does not require lubricants. 3D Printing can be used to create replacement parts.

SUCCESS stories
3D printed Jaw

Challenges Facing 3D Printing

Intellectual property rights of the 3D Printer users. Nearly anything can be printed by 3D Printers and this is a troubling prospect if criminals use 3D Printers to create illegal products.

In Conclusion

3D printing is an expanding technology which may soon start an industry in which everyone has the possibility of being a manufacturer. 3D printing has a lot of possible benefits to society, although the products created must be regulated.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/3D_computer_grap hics .com .com