THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA

PART- I VOLUME I

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AYUSH

Contents | Monographs | Abbreviations | Appendices

Legal Notices | General Notices

Note: This e-Book contains Computer Database generated Monographs which are reproduced from official publication. The order of contents under the sections of Synonyms, Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma, Formulations, Therapeutic uses may be shuffled but the contents are same from the original source. !owe"er in case of doubt the user is ad"ised to refer the official book.

CONTENTS
Legal Notices General Notices MONOGRAPHS
Sl. No. Plant Name Botanical Name Page No.
#as per book$

1 2 ' . / 2 1 3 6 14 11 12 1' 1. 1/ 12 11 13 16 24 21 22

AJAGANDH AJAMOD MALA()(#re h #ruit" MALA() (Dried" 0AG$ADHA A0(A (0oot" A0(A (Lea-" A5ANA A7O(A A7$AGANDH A7$A99HA A9A5) A9:&AL A9:$:< &A&&=LA &(>C) &:&H)9A(A &:L$A CAND0A7=0A C:90A(A DHNAA(A DH9A(:

Cleome gynandra Linn Apium leptophyllum (Per !" #!$!M!e% &enth *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn! *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn! Ca ia -i tula Linn Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0!&r! Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0!&r! Ptero,arpu mar upium 0o%+! 5ara,a a o,a (0o ," DC 8illd 8ithania omni-era Dunal #i,u religio a Linn! Linum u itati imum Linn A+utilon indi,um (Linn" 5; A,onutum heterophyllum 8all! *% 0oyle A,a,ia niloti,a (Linn " 8illd! *% ! Del !5p! :ndi,a ( &enth " &renan P oralea ,oryli-olia Linn 9erminalia +eleri,a 0o%+! Aegle marmelo Corr! Lepidium ati?um Linn! Plum+ago @eylani,al Linn Coriandrum ati?um Linn 8ood-ordia -ruiti,o a (Linn " (ur@
ii

1 2 . / 1 3 14 12 1. 1/ 11 16 24 22 2. 2/ 22 21 22 26 '4 '2

2' 2. 2/ 22 21 23 26 '4 '1 '2 '' '. '/ '2 '1 '3 '6 .4 .1 .2 .' .. ./ .2 .1 .3 .6 /4

*0ABCA GAM&H0) GO(<>0A (0oot" GO(<>0A (#ruit" G>C=C) G>GG>L> G>DJ HA0:D0 HA0)9A() H:EG> JA9MF5) J9)PHALA (AMP:LLA (DCAN0A (AE(OLA (AEIA(0) (ANA50A (A0ADJA (A0A$)0A (A0(AIA7JEG: (0P5A (A7*0> (*9A(: (HAD:0A (:09A9:(9A (J<BAJ:0A(A (>LA99HA (><IHA

0i,inu ,ommuni Linn Gmelina ar+ora 0o%+ 9ri+ulu terre ti Linn 9ri+ulu terre ti Linn 9ino pora ,ordi-olia (8illd!" Mier ! Commiphora ;ightii (Arn!" &hand! A+ru pre,atoriu Linn! Cur,uma longa Linn! 9erminalia ,he+ula 0et@! #erula -oetida 0egel! Nardo ta,hy Gataman i DC Myri ti,a -ragran Houtt! Mallotu philippinen i MuellHArg! &auhinia ?ariegata &lume Piper ,u+e+a Linn! -! 5olanum urattn e &urm!-! Aloe +ar+aden i Mill Pongamia pinnata (Linn!" Merr! Nerium indi,um Mill Pi ta,ia ,hinen i &urgo Go ypium her+a,eum Linn! 5,irpu Ky oor 0o%+! Pandanu te,toriu oland! e%!ParKin on A,a,ia ,ate,hu (Linn!-!" 8illd! 5;ertia ,hirata &u,h!HHam Carum ,ar?i Linn $igna unLui,ulata (Linn!" 8alp! 5au urea lappa C&! ClarKe
iii

'. '2 '3 .4 .1 .' .. ./ .1 .6 /1 /' // /2 /3 /6 22 2' 2. 22 21 23 26 14 11 1' 1/ 12

/1 /2 /' /. // /2 /1 /3 /6 24 21 22 2' 2. 2/ 22 21 23 26 14 11 12 1' 1. 1/ 12 11

(>IAJA LA$AEGA LODH0A MADANA M:70*A NAAG0ODHA P<BA&H*DA PIH P=GA P>NA0NA$ 5AP9APA0BA 7AI) 5N>H) 5=(<MA:L 7>BIH) 5$A0BAPA90: 7$*9AJ:0A(A 7$*9A 50:$ 9AGA0A 9MALA() 9$A( 9$A(PA90A >D>M&A0A >PA(>DC:( $A0>BA $5 $:CADGA

Holarrhena antidy enteri,a (0oth" A!DC 5y@ygium aromati,um (Linn!" Merr M!Perry! 5ymplo,o ra,emo a 0o%+! Meromphi pino a (9hun+" (eay #oeni,ulum ?ulgare Mill #i,u +engalen i Linn &ergenia ,iliata (Ha; " 5tern+! Ci ampelo pareira Linn Are,a ,ate,hu Linn! &oerha?ia di--u a Linn Al tonia ,holari (Linn"0!&r! Hedy,hium pi,atum Ham ! *%!5mith *uphor+ia nerii-olia Linn *lettaria ,ardamo4mum (Linn!" 0!&r! Ningi+er o--i,inale 0o%+! Ca ia angu ti-olia $ahl! Cuminum ,yminum Linn Hemide mu indi,u (Linn!" 0!&r! $aleriana ;alli,hii DC Phyllanthu -raternu 8e+ t! Cinnamimum @eylani,um &lume Cinnamomum tamala (&u,hHHam"Nee O *+erm! #i,u ra,emo a Linn Nigella ati?a Linn Caratae?a nur?ala &u,hHHam! Adhatoda ?ai,a Nee *m+elia ri+e &urm!-!
iv

13 34 32 3. 32 33 64 62 6. 6/ 61 66 144 141 14' 14/ 142 141 146 111 11' 11/ 111 116 124 122 12'

13 $:JAA 16 AA<I) 34 AA$N)

Canna+i ati?a Linn Gly,yrrhi@a gla+ra Linn 9ra,hy permum ammi (Linn!" 5prague e% 9urril!

12/ 121 126

Appendix-1
1.1 Apparatus for Tests and Assays 1.1-Nessler Cylinder 1.2-Sieves 1.3-Thermometers 1.4-Volumetric Glass-ware 1.5- ei!hts and "alances

Appendix-2
2.1 Testing Drugs 2.1.1- Systematic Study o# Crude $ru!s 2.1.2- %icrosco&ic methods o# '(aminin! Crude Ve!eta)le $ru!s 2.1.3- Ty&es o# Stomata 2.1.4- $etermination o# Stomatal *nde( 2.1.5-$etermination o# +alisade ,atio 2.1.--$etermination o# Vein .*slet Num)er 2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drug 2.2.1-Sam&lin! o# $ru!s 2.2.2- /orei!n %atter and $etermination o# /orei!n matter 2.2.3-$etermination o# Total 0sh 2.2.4-$etermination o# 0cid *nsolu)le 0sh 2.2.5-$etermination o# ater Solu)le 0sh 2.2.--$etermination o# 0lcohol solu)le '(tractive 2.2.1-$etermination o# ater Solu)le '(tractive 2.2.2-$etermination o o# 'ther Solu)le '(tractive 3/i(ed 4il Content5 2.2.6-$etermination o# %oisture Content 37oss on $ryin!5 2.2.18-$etermination o# Volatile 4il in $ru!s 2.2.11-S&ecial +rocesses used in 0l9aloidal 0ssays 2.2.11-a-Continuous '(traction o# $ru!s 2.2.11-)-Tests #or Com&lete '(traction o# 0l9aloids 2.3 Limit Tests 2.3.1- 7imit Test #or 0rsenic 2.3.2-7imit Test #or Chlorides
v

2.3.3-7imit Test #or :eavy %etals 2.3.4-7imit Test #or *ron 2.3.5-7imit Test #or lead 2.3.--Sul&hated 0sh 2.3.1-7imit Test #or Sul&hates

Appendix-3
3. P ysi!al Tests and determinations 3.1.1 - $etermination o# "oilin! ,an!e 3.1.2 - $etermination o# Con!ealin! ,an!e or Tem&erature 3.1.3 - $etermination o# &: Value 3.1.4 - $etermination o# %eltin! ,an!e or %eltin! Tem&erature 3.1.5 - 4&tical ,otation and S&eci#ic 4&tical rotation 3.1.- - +owder /ineness 3.1.1 - ,e#ractive /ineness 3.1.2 - ei!ht &er milliliter and S&eci#ic Gravity

Appendix-4
4. ,ea!ents and Solutions

Appendix-5
"eneral #nformations 5.1- Shodhana o# Crude $ru!s 5.2- $e#inition and method o# +re&arin! ;vatha or $ecoction

Appendix- -.1- ei!hts and %easures -.1- 0&&ro(imate '<uivalents o# $oses in *ndian System and %etric System

Appendix- 1
$. %lassi!al Ayurvedi! &eferen!es

#ndex
'nglis e(uivalents of Ayurvedi! !lini!al !onditions and diseases %ono!ra&hs &u)lished in Volume-** %ono!ra&hs &u)lished in Volume-***

LEGAL NOTICES

vi

In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographs which follow. hese monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed b! these laws wherever the! are applicable. It is e"pedient that en#uir! be made in each case in order to ensure that the provisions of the law are being complied with. In general$ the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ '()* +subse#uentl! amended in '(,) and '(-./$ the %angerous %rugs Act$ '(0* and the 1oisons Act$ '('( and the rules framed thereunder should be consulted. 2nder the %rugs & Cosmetics Act$ the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India +A.1.I./$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I$ is the boo5 of standards for single drugs included therein and the standards prescribed in the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I would be official. If considered necessar! these standards can be amended and the Chairman of the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia Committee authorised to issue such amendments. accordingl!. 6henever such amendments are issued the A!urvedic 1harmacopoeia of India$ 1art3I$ 4ol. I$ would be deemed to have been amended

vii

GENERAL NOTICES
Title - The title of the book is Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Name of the Drugs - The name given on the top of each monograph of the drug is in Sanskrit as mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and/or in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part-I and Part-II !ill be considered official" These names have been arranged in #nglish alphabetical order" The $atin name %ta&onomical nomenclature' of each drug as found in authentic scientific literature has been provided in the monograph in the introductory paragraph" The official name !ill be the main title of the drug and its scientific name !ill also be considered as legal name" Introductory Para - #ach monograph begins !ith an introductory paragraph indicating the part scientific name of the drug in $atin !ith short description about its habit distribution and method of collection if any" Synonyms - Synonyms of each drug appearing in each monograph in Sanskrit #nglish (indi )rdu and other Indian regional languages have been mentioned as found in the classical te&ts Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part-I and Part-II as procured from the e&perts scholars of Ayurveda and officials in the field from different states" Italics - Italic type has been used for scientific name of the drug appearing in the introductory paragraph of each monograph as also for chemicals and reagents substances or processes described in Appendi&" Odour and Taste - *herever a specific odour has been found it has been mentioned but the description as +odourless, or +no odour, has in many cases been avoided in the description as large numbers of drugs have got no specific odour" The odour- is e&amined by directly smelling ./ g of the po!dered drug contained in a package or freshly po!dered" If the odour is discernible the sample is rapidly transferred to an open container and re-e&amined after 0/ minutes" If the odour persists to be discernible it is described as having odour" The Taste- of a drug is e&amined by taking a small 1uantity of 2/ mesh po!der by a tip of moist glass rod and applying it on tongue previously rinsed !ith !ater" This may not be done in case if poisonous drugs indicated in monograph" Mesh Number - *herever the po!dering of the drug has been re1uired the sieve 3esh 4umber 2/- has been used" This !ill not apply for drugs containing much oily substance" Weights and Measures - The metric system of !eights and measures is employed" *eights are given in multiples or fractions of a gramme %g' or of a milligram %mg'" Fluid measures are given in multiples or fractions of millilitre %ml'" *hen the term drop- is used the measurement is to be made by means of a tube !hich delivers in .5 drops 0 gram of distilled !ater at 0/o6" 3etric measures are re1uired by the Pharmacopoeia to be graduated at .5o6 and all measurements involved in the analytical operations of the Pharmacopoeia are intended unless other!ise stated to be made at that temperature" Identity, Purity and Strength - )nder the heading Identification- tests are provided as an aid to identification and are described in their respective monographs" viii

The term Foreign 3atter- is used to designate any matter !hich does not form part of the drug as defined in the monograph" 7egetable drugs used as such or in formulations should be duly identified and authenticated and be free from insects pests fungi micro-organisms pesticides and other animal matter including animal e&creta be !ithin the permitted and specified limits for lead arsenic and heavy metals and sho! no abnormal odour colour sliminess mould or other evidence of deterioration" The 1uantitative tests e"g" total ash acid-insoluble ash !ater-soluble ash alcohol-soluble e&tractive !ater- soluble e&tractive ether-soluble e&tractive moisture content volatile oil content and assays are the methods upon !hich the standards of Pharmacopoeia depend" The methods for assays are described in their respective monographs and for other 1uantitative tests methods are not repeated in the te&t of monographs but only the corresponding reference of appropriate appendi& is given" The analyst is not precluded from employing an alternate method in any instance if he is satisfied that the method !hich he uses !ill give the same result as the Pharmacopoeial 3ethod" In suitable instances the methods of microanalysis if of e1uivalent accuracy may be substituted for the tests and assays described" (o!ever in the event of doubt or dispute the methods of analysis of the Pharmacopoeia are alone authoritative" Limits for ea!y Metals 8 All Ayurvedic 9rugs %Single/6ompound formulation' must comply !ith the limits for (eavy 3etals prescribed in individual 3onograph and !herever limit is not given then they must comply !ith the limits given in *(: publication ;uality 6ontrol 3ethods for 3edicinal Plants and 3aterial-" Standards - For statutory purpose statements appearing in the API Part-I 7ol" 7 under 9escription those of definition of the part and source plants and Identity Purity and Strength shall constitute standards" Thin Layer "hromatogra#hy $T%L%"%& - )nder this head !herever given the number of spots and <f values of the spots !ith their colour have been mentioned as a guide for identification of the drug and not as Pharmacopoeial re1uirement" (o!ever the analyst may use any other solvent system and detecting reagent in any instance if he is satisfied that the method !hich he uses even by applying kno!n reference standards !ill give better result to establish the identity of any particular chemical constituent reported to be present in the drug" 'uantities to be (eighed for )ssays and Tests - In all description 1uantity of the substance to be taken for testing is indicated" The amount stated is appro&imate but the 1uantity actually used must be accurately !eighed and must not deviate by more than 05 per cent from the one stated" "onstant Weight - the term 6onstant *eight- !hen it refers to drying or ignition means that t!o consecutive !eighings do not differ by more than 0"5 mg per g of the substance taken for the determination the second !eighing follo!ing an additional hour of drying on further ignition" "onstituents - )nder this head only the names of important chemical constituents groups of constituents reported in research publications have been mentioned as a guide and not as pharmacopoeial re1uirement" Percentage of Solutions - In defining standards the e&pression per cent %=' is used according to circumstances !ith one of the four meanings given belo!" Per cent !/! %percentage !eight in !eight' e&presses the number of grammes of active substance in 055 grammes of product" i"

Per cent !/v %Percentage !eight in volume' e&presses the number of grammes of active substance in 055 millilitres of product" Per cent v/v %percentage volume in volume' e&presses the number of millilitres of active substance in 055 millilitres of product" Per cent v/! %percentage volume in !eight' e&presses the number of millilitres of active substance in 055 grammes of product" Percentage of alcohol - All statements of percentage of alcohol %6.(/:(' refer to percentage by volume at 0/"/> o6" Tem#erature - )nless other!ise specified all temperatures refer to centigrade %celsius' thermometric scale" Solutions - )nless other!ise specified in the individual monograph all solutions are prepared !ith purified !ater" *eagents and Solutions - The chemicals and reagents re1uired for the test in Pharmacopoeia are described in Appendices" Solubility - *hen stating the solubilities of 6hemical substances the term Soluble- is necessarily sometimes used in a general sense irrespective of concomitant chemical changes" Statements of solubilities !hich are e&pressed as a precise relation of !eights of dissolved substance of volume of solvent at a stated temperature are intended to apply at that temperature" Statements of appro&imate solubilities for !hich no figures are given are intended to apply at ordinary room temperature" Pharmacopoeial chemicals !hen dissolved may sho! slight physical impurities such as fragment of filter papers fibres and dust particles unless e&cluded by definite tests in the individual monographs" *hen the e&pression parts- is used in defining the solubility of a substance it is to be understood to mean that 0 gramme of a solid or 0 millilitre of a li1uid is soluble in that number of millilitres of the solvent represented by the stated number of parts" *hen the e&act solubility of pharmacopoeial substance is not kno!n descriptive term is used to indicate its solubility" The follo!ing table indicates the meaning of such terms ?Descri#ti!e terms 7ery soluble Freely soluble Soluble Sparingly soluble Slightly soluble 7ery slightly soluble Practically insoluble *elati!e +uantities of sol!ent $ess than 0 part From 0 to 05 parts From 05 to @5 parts From @5 to 055 parts From 055 to 0555 parts From 0555 to 05 555 parts 3ore than 05 555 parts a

"

Thera#eutic uses and im#ortant formulations 8 Therapeutic uses and important formulations mentioned in this Pharmacopoeia are as provided in the recognised Ayurvedic classics and in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part 8I and Part-II" Doses 8 The doses mentioned in each monograph are in metric system of !eights !hich are the appro&imate conversions from classical !eights mentioned in )yur!edic te&ts" A conversion table is appended giving classical !eights of )yur!edic System of 3edicine !ith their metric e1uivalents" 9oses mentioned in the )yur!edic Pharmacopoeia of India %)%P%I"' are intended merely for general guidance and represent unless other!ise stated the average range of 1uantities per dose !hich is generally regarded suitable by clinicians for adults only !hen administered orally" It is to be noted that the relation bet!een doses in metric and Ayurvedic systems set forth in the te&t is of appro&imate e1uivalence" These 1uantities are for convenience of prescriber and sufficiently accurate for pharmaceutical purposes" The abbreviations commonly employed are as follo!s? )bbre!iations of technical terms 3etre $itre 3illimetre 6entimetre 3icron %5"550 mm' Bilogram Cramme 3illigram 3illilitre 4ormal solution (alf-normal solution 9ecinormal solution 3olar solution Family Primary Standards Transverse Section

m" l" mm" cm" A" Bg" g" mg" ml" I4" 5"/ 4" 5"0 4" 03" Fam" PS" TS"

"i

Sansk" Assam" Deng" #ng" CuE" Ban" Bash" 3al" 3ar" :ri" PunE" Tam" Tel"

)bbre!iations used for Languages Sanskrit Assamese Dengali #nglish CuErati Bannada Bashmiri 3alayalam 3arathi :riya PunEabi Tamil Telugu

),,*-.I)TIONS /O* P)*TS O/ PL)NTS 6otyledon 6otldn" Flo!er Fruit (eart *ood $eaf Pseudo-bulb <oot Dark <oot <hiFome Seed Stem Dark Stem Tuberous <oot *ood *hole Plant Fl" Fr" (t" *d" $f" Pseudo-bulb <t" Dk" <t" <F" Sd" St" Dk" St" Tub" <t" *d" *h" Pl"

"ii

1! AGagandha (5d !"

AJAGANDH AGagandhP ,on i t o- the eed o- Cleome gynandra Linn! 5yn! Gynandrop i gynandra (Linn!" &riLuet (#am! Capparida,eae"Q a trong mellingR ome;hat -oetid her+R
4!2 H 1 m highR -ound a+undantly throughout ;armer part o- :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S PaTugandhP &hutmulla HurhuriaR 5hulte Dog Mu tard 9al?aniR Dhelitala?an HulhulR HurhurR (a?alia Naram +ele 5oppuR Nayeetula i Gandi &uti Atunari ?ela 9il?anR &hat?anR Ma+liR 9ila?anaR 9il?ant Ana ori iaR ana ori a &ugra Nal ?alaiR Nal ?elai $amintaR $ayinta HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

+la,K!

5eed R mallR 1H2 mm in diameterR Kidney hapedR ur-a,e roughR darK +ro;n or

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

DarK +ro;nR oilyQ under mi,ro ,ope ho; a num+er o- -ragment o- epidermi ote ta ,on i ting o- thinH;alledR polygonal ,ell Q group o- ,ell R re em+ling liKe tone ,ell R reddi hH+ro;n ;ith nonHligni-ied ;all Q a large num+er o- o?alR rounded or irregularly haped protein +odie Q tar,h and ,ry tal a+ ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter Not more than 9otal A h Not more than A,idHin olu+le a h Not more than Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than
'

2 per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 4!. per ,entR Appendi% 12 per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR e ential oil and oleore in! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu 7VlaghnXR DXpanaR HYdyaR PittalaR $Ptahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NPrPyaZa CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR AWhUXlPR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (arZaroga! DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

2! AGamoda (#rt!"

AJAMOD

AGamodP ,on i t o- driedR aromati, -ruit o- Apium leptophyllum (Per !" #! $! M! e% &enth! (#am! >m+elli-erae"Q an annual her+ ,ulti?ated in Andhra Prade hR GuGaratR Madhya Prade h and (arnataKaQ ,olle,ted +y thra hing plant on a mat and dried in hade or in drying hed !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S DXpyaKa &onGamaniR &onaGainR AamaniR AGo;an 0andhuniR &anyamani HH &odi AGamoR AGamo AGmudaR AGmod OmaR AGa?anaR OmaKKi #aKha@urR &anGuan AyamodaKumR Omam AGmodaR Oo?a &anaGuani $alGa;ainR AGmod Omam NaranGi ?amu AGmod

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug ,on i t o- mallR o?oid -ruitQ +ulK ,olour yello;i h +ro;nR mainly o,,ur a entire ,remo,arp ;ith pedi,el atta,hed or deta,hed and +i-id tylopodR -ree end ,ur?ed ometime o,,ur a eparate meri,arp Q ,remo,arp gla+rou R o?oid to ,oni,alR a+out 1!/H'!4 mm long and 1!2H2!3 mm ;ideR yello; to yello;i h greenQ eparated meri,arp +roadly o?oidR more or le ,ur?edR dor al ur-a,e ,on?e% ;ith -i?e eLually di tin,tR longitudinal primary ridge Q at the ummit ,ur?ed tylopodiurnR ,ommi ural ur-a,e -latR ho;ing darKer and light ,oloured longitudinal +and R -ormer repre enting the po ition o- ?ittae and ?a ,ular +undle Q odourQ aromati,Q ta teR lightly +itter gi?ing a en ation o- ;armth to tongue! 9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; meri,arp ;ith -our large ?ittae on dor al ur-a,eR t;o on ,ommi ural ur-a,e and -our primary ridge on dor al ur-a,eQ 'H/ e,ondary oil ,anal pre ent under ea,h primary ridge and al o +et;een ridge Q
0

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

,arpophore pre ent on ,ommi ural ur-a,eQ epi,arp ,ell ;ith thin triated ,uti,leR outer ;all dra;n into papillaeQ tomataR anomo,yti, type upto '/ = in diameterQ me o,arp ,on i t o- polygonal paran,hymaRS ;ith thi,Kened and ligni-ied ,ell R mea uring '4H22H6/=. in diameter ;ith o?al to round pit Q ,ollateral ?a ,ular +undle lie +eneath epi,arpQ tra,heid 2/H24'H'33 = in length ;ith piralR ,alari-orm or reti,ulate thi,Kening Q %ylem paren,hyma ligni-iedR elongated ;ith ellipti,al pit R mea uring /2H113H112 +y 1'H'4H.. = large e,ondary ?itta, to;ard endo perm mea ure upto 12'= in ;idth and to;ard periphery the malle t ?ittae mea uring 13.= in diameter! Po;derH5ho; moderately thi,KH;alled ,ell o- epi,arp e%hi+iting ,hara,teri ti, triation and o,,a ional pre en,e o- tomaR -ragment o- tri,home and glandular hair R reti,ulate paren,hymatou ,ell o- me o,arpR -ragment o- yello;i hH+ro;n ?ittaeQ -ragment o- endo perm thi,KH;alled polygonal ,ell ,ontaining aleurone grain and mi,ro ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter (:n,luding -5talK" 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu DXpanaR $idPhXR (apha?PtaGitR 0u,iKYtR (YmiGitR 7Vlaghna Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than / 1. 1. 1. ' 2 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,ent ?\;R Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil and -i%ed oil!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AGamodPrKaR AGamodPdi CVrZa! 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR Aru,iR dhmPnaR HiKKPR Chardi (Ymi 0ogaR 7Vla DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm! NoteS 9ra,hy permum ro%+urghianum (DC" 5prague 5yn! Carum ro%+urghianum &enth! HooK!-! i the ,ommon marKet u+ titute!
)

'! AmalaKi (#r! #rt! Pulp"

*uphor+ia,eae"Q a mall or medium i@ed treeR -ound in mi%ed de,iduou -ore t R a ,ending to 1'44 m on hill and ,ulti?ated in garden and homeyard !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S malaKaR AmYtaphalaR DhPtrXphala AmlaKuR AmlaKhiR AmlaKhu AmlaR Dhatri *m+li, Myro+alan Am+alaR Amala AmlaR Aonla NelliKayi *m+aliR Amli NelliKKa An?alaR A?alKathi AnalaR Ainla AulaR Amla NelliKKaiR Nelli > iriKa AmlaR AmlaG

MALA()(#re h #ruit" malaKX ,on i t o- -re h -ruit pulp o- *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn! (#am!

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruitR glo+o eR 2!/H'!/ ,m in diameterR -le hyR mooth ;ith i% prominant line Q greeni h ;hen tenderR ,hanging to light yello;i h or pinKi h ,olour ;hen matureR ;ith a -e; darK pe,K S ta teR our and a tringent -ollo;ed +y deli,ately ;eet ta te!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature -ruit ho; an epi,arp ,on i ting o- ingle layer oepidermi and 2H. layer o- hypodermi Q epidermal ,ellR ta+ular :n hapeR ,o?ered e%ternally ;ith a thi,K ,uti,le and appear in ur-a,e ?ie; a polygonalQ hypodermal ,ell tangentially elongatedR thi,KH;alledR maller in dimen ion than epidermal ,ell Q me o,arp -orm +ulK o-ruitR ,on i ting o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,e R peripheral 2H6 layer mallerR o?oid or tangentially elongated ;hile re t o- ,ell larger in i@eR i odiametri, and radially elongatedQ e?eral ,ollateral -i+ro?a ,ular +undle ,attered throughout me o,arp ,on i ting o- %ylem and phloemQ %ylem ,ompo ed o- tra,heal element R -i+re tra,heid and %ylem -i+re Q tra,heal element ho; reti,ulate ,alari-orm and piral thi,Kening Q %ylem -i+re elongated ;ith narro; lumen and pointed endQ me o,arp ,ontain large aggregate o- numerou irregular ili,a ,ry tal ! :D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e (On dried +a i " 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Moi ture ,ontent P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR AmlaR (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta Madhura 9ridoWaGitR $YWyaR 0a PyanaR CaKWuWya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than 2 1 2 .4 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!6

Not le than /4 per ,entR Appendi% Not le than 34 per ,entR Appendi%

CON59:9>*N95 H A ,or+i, a,id and tannin !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Cya?anaprPTa! 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 0aKtapittaQ AmlapittaQ PramehaQ DPha DO5* H 14H24 g o- the drug! /H14 ml o- -re h Gui,e!

.! AmalaKi (Drd!#rt!"

MALA() (Dried"

malaKX ,on i t o- peri,arp o- dried mature -ruit o- *m+li,a o--i,inali Gaertn! 5yn! Phyllanthu em+li,a Linn! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"Q mo tly ,olle,ted in ;inter ea on a-ter ripening and in (a hmir in ummerR a mall or medium i@ed treeR -ound +oth in natural tate in mi%ed de,iduou -ore t o- the ,ountry a ,ending to 1'44 m on hill Q ,ulti?ated in garden R homeyard or gro;n a a road ide tree!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S AmYtaphalaR malaKaR DhPtrXphala AmlaKhiR AmlaKhuR AmlaKu AmlaR Dhatri *m+li, Myro+alan Am+alaR Amala AmlaR Aonla NelliKayiR &ela nelliR pottadenolliKayi AmliR *m+ali NelliKKa An?alaR A?alKathi AinlaR Anala AulaR amla NelliKKaiR nelli > iriKa AmlaR AmlaG

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug ,on i t o- ,urled pie,e o- peri,arp o- dried -ruit o,,uring either a eparated ingle egmentQ 1H2 ,m long or united a ' or . egment Q +ulK ,olour grey to +la,KR pie,e ho;ingR a +roadR highly hri?elled and ;rinKled e%ternal ,on?e% ur-a,e to ome;hat ,on,a?eR tran ?er ely ;rinKled lateral ur-a,eR e%ternal ur-a,e ho; a -e; ;hiti h pe,K R o,,a ionally ome pie,e ho; a portion o- tony te ta (;hi,h hould +e remo?ed +e-ore pro,e ing"Q te%ture roughR ,artilaginou R toughQ ta teR our and a tringent!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; epi,arp ,on i ting o- a ingle layered epidermi ,ell appearing ta+ular and poygonal in ur-a,e ?ie;Q ,uti,le pre entQ me o,arp ,ell tangentially elongated paren,hymatou and ,ru hed di--erentiated roughly into peripheral 3 or 6 layer o- tangentially elongated maller ,ell R re t ,on i ting o- mo tly
8

i odiametri, larger ,ell ;ith ;all ho;ing irregular thi,Kening Q rami-ied ?a ,ular element o,,a ionally pre entQ tone ,ell pre ent either i olated or in mall group to;ard endo,arp Q pitted ?a ,ular -i+re R ;all appearing errated due to the pit ,anal R leading into lumen! Po;derS #ine po;der ho; epidermi ;ith uni-ormly thi,Kened traight ;alled i odiametri, paren,hyma ,ell ;ith irregular thi,Kened ;all R o,,a ionally hort -i+re and tra,heid !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter (:n,luding eed and eed ,oat" 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR AmlaR (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta Madhura CaKWuWyaR 0a PyanaR 9ridoWaGitR $YWya Not more than ' per ,entR Appendi% Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 2 .4 /4 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H A ,or+i, a,id and gallotannin !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Cya?anaprPTaR DhPtrX LauhaR DhPtryPdi GhYtaR 9riphalP CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 0aKtapittaR AmlapittaR PremehaR DPha DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

/! Araga?adha (#rt!Pulp"

0AG$ADHA

rag?adha ,on i t o- pulp o+tained -rom -ruit (de?oid o- eed R epta and pie,e o- peri,arp" o- Ca ia -i tula Linn! (Pam!Legumino ae"R a moderate i@ed de,iduou treeR ,ommon throughout :ndia a ;ild or ,ulti?ated plantR -ruit ,olle,ted ;hen ripe!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (YtamPlaR $yPdhighPtaR 7ampPKaR NYpadruma 5onaroo 5ondala :ndian La+urnumR Purging ,a ia GaramalaR Garamalo Amalta Arag?adhaR (aKKeR (aKKeHgidaR (aKKernaraR (aKKedaiR 0aGataru (riyangal Phali (onnaR (ritamalam &aha?aR GaramalaR Amalta 5unari Amalta 5araKonraiR 5araK KonnaiR 5araK KondiR 5haraKKonrai 0ela (hiyar 5ham+ar

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruitR a many ,elledR indehi ,ent podR '/H24 ,m long and 13H2/ mm diameterR nearly traight and u+ ,ylindri,alR ,ho,olateH+ro;n to almo t +la,K in ,olourR pod ur-a,e mooth to naKed eyeR +ut under len ho;ing minute tran ?er e -i ure R +oth dor al and ?entral uture e?identR +ut not prominentR hort talK atta,hed to +a e o- -ruit and rounded di tal end mu,ronateR peri,arp thinR hard and ;oodyR -ruit initially di?ided +y tran ?er e epta a+out / mmR apartR ea,h ,ontaining a ingle eed atta,hed to ?entral uture +y a long darKR threadHliKe -uni,le a+out 3H12 +y 2H3 mmR ,ir,ular to o?alR -lattenedR reddi hH+ro;nR moothR e%tremely hard and ;ith a di tin,t darK +ro;n line e%tending -rom mi,ropyle to +a eR eed initially em+edded in a +la,K ?i ,id pulp ,on i ting o- +la,KR thinR hiningR ,ir,ular di , liKe ma e ha?ing ,entral depre ion oeed on +oth ur-a,e or a +roKen pie,e adhered ;ith ea,h otherR ;hen dipped in ;ater maKe yello; olution ;hi,h darKne to +ro;ni hHyello; to darK +ro;nR on KeepingR pulp -ill the ,ell +ut hrinK on drying and adhere to +oth ide o- te taR eed o-ten lye loo e in their egment R odour -aintR i,KlyR ta teR ;eet!
(

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR 9iKta Guru >WZa Madhura 0e,ana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 2 1 1/ .2 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 5ugarR mu,ilageR pe,tin and anthraLuinone!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H rag?adhPdi (?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR GulmaR $i+andhaR >dP?artaR >dararogaR HYdrogaR Prameha DO5* H /H14 g o- the drug in po;der -orm! NoteSH 9he marKet material ,ontain eed R epta et,!R ;hi,h -orm the -oreign Matter and hould +e eparated +e-ore u e!

'*

2! ArKa (0t!"

A0(A (0oot"

ArKa ,on i t o- dried root o- Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0! &r! (#am! A ,lepiada,eae" -ound ;ild more or le throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 0a?iR &hPnuR 9apana AKandR AKan AKandaR AKone Madar 9ree AaKado AaKR MadarR AKa?ana *KKaR *KKadagidaR *KKegida A,Ka *riKKu 0ui AraKha AK $elleruKKuR *ruKKu Jilledu MadarR AaK

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0ootHroughR -i ured longitudinallyR ,orKy and o-tR e%ternally yello;i hHgrey ;hile internally ;hiteR ,entral ,ore ,ream ,olouredR +arK ea ily eparated -rom %ylemR odourR ,hara,teri ti,S ta teR +itter and a,rid!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; outer mo t ,orK ti ue ,on i ting o- .H3 ro; otangentially elongated and radially arranged ,ell -ollo;ed +y 'H2 ro; o- moderately thi,KH;alledR irregular ,ell o- e,ondary ,orte% de?oid o- ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal and tar,h grain R ,orte% ,ompo ed o- large polyhedral paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining a+undant rounded tar,h grain R ome ,orti,al ,ell ,ontain ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ,attered lati,i-er ,ell ;ith +ro;n ,ontent R phloem ,on i t o- ie?e element and phloem paren,hyamaR ie?e tu+e thi,KH;alledR ,ell more prominent to;ard inner region o- phloem tra?er ed +y uni to tetra eriate medullary ray R phloem ,ell ,ontain ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR tar,h grain and lati,i-er imilar to the e -ound in ,orte%S ,am+ium pre ent Gu t ;ithin the phloem ,on i ting o- 2H/ ro; o- thinH;alledR tangentially elongated ,ell %ylem -orm the ,entral part o- root ,ompo ed o- ?e el !
''

tra,heid R -i+re and %ylem paren,hymaR ?e el pre ent throughout %ylem region and arranged radially in group o- 2H1R ometime ingle ?e el al o o,,urR u ually ,ylindri,al ha?ing +ordered pit on their ;all R %ylem -i+re longR ligni-ied ;ith ;ide lumenR tapering on end and ha?e imple pit on ;all R medullary ray 1H. eriate and tri eriate in outer region and uni or +i eriate in inner regionS ,ell o- medullary ray radially elongatedR -illed ;ith tar,h imilar to tho e pre ent in ,orti,al ,ell !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta Laghu >WZa (aUu DXpanaR (apha?PtahYtR &hedanaR (YmighnaR $raZaharaR $iWaghnaR (uWhaghna Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 . 1 2 3 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Gly,o ide (,alotropin"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MahP?iWagar+ha 9ailaR DhPn?antara GhYta 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR >dararogaR $raZaR 7?P a DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'.

1! ArKa (L-!"

A ,lepiada,eae"R -ound ;ild more or le throughout :ndia!

5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S &hPnuR 0a?iR 9apana AKanR AKand AKandaR AKone Madar 9ree AaKado AaKR AKa?anaR Madar *KKaR *KKadagidaR *KKegida A,Ka *riKKu 0ui AraKha AK *ruKKuR $elleruKKu Jilledu AaKR Madar

A0(A (Lea-" ArKa ,on i t o- dried lea?e o- Calotropi pro,era (Ait!" 0!&r! (#am!

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, +" Mi,ro ,opi,

5u+H e ileR 2H1/ ,m +y .!/H3 ,mR +roadly o?ateR o?ateHo+longR ellipti, or o+o?ate a,uteR pu+e ,ent ;hen young and gla+rou on +oth ide on maturity! Midri+Htran ?er e e,tion through midri+ ho; an upper and lo;er ingle layered epidermi e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith thi,KR triated ,uti,leR -e; epidermal ,ell on +oth ur-a,e o- lea- elongated to -orm un iH eriateR 2H' ,elled tri,home R epidermal ,ell ,u+i,al and radially elongatedR epidermi -ollo;ed +y 'H3 layered ,ollen,hyma on +oth lo;er and upper ur-a,e R paren,hymatou ,ell thinH;alledR i odiametri, to ,ir,ular ;ith inter,ellular pa,e pre ent in ground ti ueR tele ,re ,ent haped ,ompo ed o+i,ollateral and open ?a ,ular +undleR %ylem ,on i t mo tly o- ?e el and tra,heid R a trip o- ,am+ium pre ent +et;een %ylem and phloem ti ue R lati,i-er al o pre ent in the phloem and paren,hymatou @one! LaminaHdor i?entral ;ith me ophyll di--erentiated into a pali ade and pongy ti ueR upper and lo;er epidermi ,o?ered e%ternally ;ith a thi,KR triated ,uti,leR +elo; upper
'0

epidermi three ro; o- elongatedR ,lo ely arranged pali ade paren,hyma pre entR pongy paren,hyma ti ue almo t radially elongated ;ith inter,ellular pa,e R ,entral ,ell irregular in hapeR lati,i-er and ?a ,ular +undle al o pre ent ,attered in thi region
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 5araR 5nigdha >WZa (aUu &hedanaR DXpanaR (YmighnaR $iWaghnaR $raZaharaR $PtahYtR 7ophaR 7?P ahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 21 / / 2. per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Gly,o ide (Calotropin"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H ArKala?aZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?P aR GulmaR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR $raZaR 7othaR 7leWmodara 0ogaR PlXhProgaR Ar a DO5* H 2/4H1/4 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!

')

3! A ana (Ht!8d!"

Legumino ae"R a moderate to large i@edR de,iduou treeR upto '4 m high and 2!/ m in girthR ;ith traight ,lear +oleR -ound mo tly throughout GuGaratR Madhya Prade h &ihar and Ori a!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S &XGaKaR PXta PraR A anaKaR &XGa Pra AaGar Piya alaR Pita ala :ndian (ino 9ree &iyo $iGaya araR &iGa &iGa araR A ana Lal Chandeur $enga &i+ala Pia hala Chandan LalR Channanlal $engai AegiR $egi a &iGa ar

A5ANA A ana ,on i t o- heartH;ood o- Ptero,arpu mar upium 0o%+! (#am!

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug o,,ur a irregular pie,e in ?aria+le i@e and thi,Kne R golden yello;i hH +ro;n ;ith darKer treaK R on oaKing :n ;ater gi?e yello; ,olour olution ;ith +lue -luore ,en,e trongR toughR ?ery hardR moderately hea?yR -ra,tureR di--i,ult to +reaK +ut +rittleR ta teR a tringent!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion ho; alternating +and o- larger and maller polygonal ,ell ,on i ting o- tra,heid R -i+re tra,heid R %ylem paren,hyma and tra?er ed +y %ylem ray R numerou %ylem ?e el di tri+uted throughoutR in ingle or in group o- 2H'R ho;ing tylo e -illed ;ith tanninR in i olated preparation R ?e el R drum or +arrel haped ;ith ;ellHmarKed per-oration rim and +ordered pit R tra,heid numerou R longR thi,KH;alled ;ith tapering end and imple pit R -i+re tra,heid elongatedR thi,KH;alled ;ith narro; lumen and imple pit R %ylem paren,hyma re,tangular ;ith imple pit R paratra,healR
'7

urrounding ?e el R %ylem ray uniHtoH+i eriateR 'H/H1 ,ell highR pri mati, ,ry tal o,al,ium o%alate pre ent in ,ry tal -i+re R tar,h a+ ent! Po;derS &ro;n to ,ho,olate ,olourR under mi,ro ,ope ho; ?e el ;ith +ordered pit R -i+re tra,heid R tra,heid R -ragment o- %ylem ray and -e; ,ry tal -i+re R tar,h a+ ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 4!/ per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and re in! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu (uWhaghnaR 0a PyanaR (aphapittaTPmaKaQ GaladoTaghnaR (eTyaR 9?a,,yaR 5tam+hanaR 0aKtaTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi CVrZaR A ana?il?Pdi 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (YmirogaR (uWUhaR PramehaR PPZ[uR MedodoWa DO5* H /4H144 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

',

6! A hoKa (5t! &K!"

A7O(A

AToKa ,on i t o- dried tem +arK o- 5ara,a a o,a (0o e!" De! 8illd R 5yn! 5ara,a indi,a Linn! (#am! Legumino ae"R ,olle,ted in pring -rom matureR ;ild or ,ulti?ated tree R -ound in Central and *a tern Himalaya R 8e tern Ghat and De,,an!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (a]Keli A hoKa A hoKa A oK 9ree A hoKa A hoKa A hoKadamaraR A hoKamaraR (anKalimara A hoK A oKam A hoK A hoKa A oK A ogamR A oguR A oKam A hoKapatta HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

&arK ,hannelledR e%ternally darK green to greeni h greyR mooth ;ith ,ir,ular lenti,el and tran ?er ely ridgedR ometime ,ra,KedR internally reddi hH+ro;n ;ith -ine longitudinal trand and -i+er R -ra,ture plintery e%po ing triated ur-a,eR a thin ;hiti h ,ontinuou layer i een +eneath the ,orK layerR ta teR a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- tem +arK ho; periderm ,on i ting o- a ;ide layer o- ,orKR radially -lattened narro; ,orK ,am+iumR e,ondary ,orte% ;ide ;ith one or t;o ,ontinuou layer o- tone ,ell ;ith many pat,he o- ,lereid R paren,hymatou ti ue ,ontain yello; ma e and pri mati, ,ry tal S e,ondary phloem ,on i t o- phloem paren,hymaR ie?e tu+e ;ith ,ompanion ,ell and phloem -i+re o,,uring in group R ,ry tal -i+re pre ent!

'8

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,ohol (64 per ,ent" olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu HYdyaR $iWaghnaR GrPhXR $arZyaR 7othahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than 2 11 1 1/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

Not le than 11 per ,entR Appendi%

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin and a ,ry talline gly,o ide!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AToKPriWUaR AToKaghYta 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR DPhaR A YgdaraR Apa,XR 0aKtadoWa DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'-

14! A ?agandha (0t!"

A7$AGANDH

AT?agandhP ,on i t o- dried mature root o- 8ithania omni-era Dunal! (#am! 5olana,eae"R a perennial hru+R -ound in ;a te landR ,ulti?ated -ield and open ground throughout :ndiaR ;idely ,ulti?ated in ,ertain area o- Madhya Prade h and 0aGa than R root ,olle,ted in ;interR ;a hed and ,ut into hort pie,e !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S HayagandhPR $PGigandhP A h?agandha A h?agandha HH A gandha A gandh Angar+eruR HiremaddinaHgida A agandh AmuKKuram A agandhaR A Kagandha A ;agandha A gandh AmuKKaramKi@angu Pennerugadda A gand

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oot traightR un+ran,hedR thi,Kne ?arying ;ith age! root +ear -i+reHliKe e,ondary root R outer ur-a,e +u-- to greyHyello; ;ith longitudinal ;rinKle R ,ro;n ,on i t o- 2H2 remain o- tem +a eR tem +a e ?ariou ly thi,KenedR node prominent only on the ide -rom ;here petiole ari e R ,ylindri,alR green ;ith longitudinal ;rinKle R -ra,tureR hort and une?enR odourR ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR +itter and a,rid!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; ,orK e%-oliated or ,ru hedR ;hen pre ent i odiamatri, and nonHligni-iedR ,orK ,am+ium o- 2H. di--u ed ro; o- ,ell R e,ondary ,orte% a+out t;enty layer o- ,ompa,t paren,hymatou ,ell R phloem ,on i t o- ie?e tu+e R ,ompanion ,ell R phloem paren,hymaR ,am+ium .H/ ro; o- tangentially elongated ,ell R e,ondary %ylem hard -orming a ,lo ed ?a ,ular ring eparated +y multi eriate medullary ray R a -e; %ylem paren,hyma
'(

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e (2/ per ,ent" 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e A55AA Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Nil 2 1 1 1/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

A ;agandha ,on i t o- not le than 4!2 per ,ent o- total alKaloid R ;hen a ayed a -ollo; S 9aKe a+out '4g a,,urately ;eighed o- the po;dered drugR ,o?er ;ith Al,ohol (64 per ,ent" and allo; to tand o?ernight! *%tra,t -or 2 hour o ;et apparatu and ,on,entrate to a yrup re idue! 9reat ;ith 2/R 24R 1/ and 14 ml portion o- / per ,ent 5ulphuri, A,id until ,omplete e%tra,tion o- alKaloid i a--e,ted! 9o the ,om+ined a,id e%tra,t add an e%,e o- Dragandor-^ reagent! #ilter under u,tion and di ol?e the re idue in A,etoneR 5haKe the a,etone olution ;ith -re hly prepared u pen ion o- 2ml 5il?er Car+onate in 14 ml o- 8ater! #ilter the olution and ;a h the pre,ipitate ;ith A,etoneR Al,ohol and ;ater in that order! Pa u--i,ient Hydrogen 5ulphide through the -iltrate! &oil the olution -or 14 minute R :nter and e?aporate under ?a,uum in a tared -la K! Add to the re idue / ml o- *thyl Al,ohol H e?aporate to dryne R repeat the pro,e on,e again and ;eight the re idue to ,on tant ;eight in a ?a,uum de i,ator!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and ;ithanolide ! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya Laghu >WZa Madhura 0a PyanaR $PtaKaphPpahaR &alyaR $PGXKaraZa H AT?agandhPdyariWUaR AT?agandhPdi LehaR &alPT?agandha LPKWPdi 9aila

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR (WayaR Daur+alyaR $PtarogaR (lai+ya DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!
.*

11! A ?attha (&K!"

perennial treeR gla+rou ;hen youngR -ound throughout the plain o- :ndia upto 114 m altitude in the Himalaya R largely planted a an a?enue and road ide tree e pe,ially near temple !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Pippala Ahant A ?atthaR A hudR A h?attha Pipal tree PiploR JariR PiparoR Pipalo PipalaR Pipal ArloR 0anGiR &a riR A h?atthanaraR A h;athaR AralimaraR AralegidaR A h?athamaraR &a ariR A h?attha &ad Arayal PipalR PimpalR Pippal A ;atha PipalR Pippal A h;arthanR Ara amaramR Ara anR Ara uR Arara 0a?i,hettu HH

A7$A99HA AT?attha ,on i t o- dried +arK o- #i,u religio a Linn! (#am! Mora,eaeR a large

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

&arK o,,ur in -lat or lightly ,ur?ed pie,e R ?arying -rom 1!4H2!/ ,m or more in thi,Kne R outer ur-a,e +ro;n or a h ,olouredR ur-a,e une?en due to e%-oliation o,orKR inner ur-a,e mooth and ome;hat +ro;ni hR -ra,tureR -i+rou R ta teR a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- +arK ho; ,ompre ed re,tangular to ,u+i,alR thi,KH;alled ,orK ,ell and dead element o- e,ondary ,orte%R ,on i ting o- ma e o- tone ,ell R ,orK ,am+ium di tin,t ;ith 'H. ro; o- ne;ly -ormed e,ondary ,orte%R mo tly ,ompo ed otone ,ell to;ard peripheryR tone ,ell -ound ,attered in large group R rarely i olatedR mo t o- paren,hymatou ,ell o- e,ondary ,orte% ,ontain numerou tar,h grain and -e; pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR e,ondary phloem a ;ide @oneR ,on i ting oie?e element R phloem -i+re in ingle or in group o- 2 to many and nonHligni-iedR numerou ,ry tal -i+re al o pre entR in outer region ie?e element mo tly ,ollap ed
.'

;hile in inner region inta,tR phloem paren,hyma mo tly thi,KH;alledR tone ,ell pre ent in ingle or in mall group imilar to tho e in e,ondary ,orte%R a num+er o- rayH,ell and phloem paren,hyma -illed ;ith +ro;n pigment R pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate and tar,h grain pre ent in a num+er o- paren,hymatou ,ell R medullary ray uni to multi eriateR ;ider to;ard outer periphery ,ompo ed o- thi,KH;alled ,ell ;ith imple pit R in tangential e,tion ray ,ell ,ir,ular to o?al in hapeR ,am+ium ;hen pre entR ,on i t o- 2H. layer o- thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin ! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya GuruR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu $arZyaR (aphapitta?inP XR 5a]grPhXR &hagna andhPnaKaraR MVtra a ]grahaZiya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 4!' per ,entR Appendi% 3 per ,entR Appendi% 6 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi CVrZaR NyagrodhPdi (?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H PramehaR 0aKtapittaR $raZaR $PtaraKtaR AonidoWa DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

..

12! Ata i (5d!"

an ere,t annual her+R 4!2H1!2 m highR e%ten i?ely ,ulti?ated throughout the plain o-:ndia upto an altitude o- 344 mR ,ap ule ripen +y end o- JuneR dried eed eparated -rom ,ap ule +y thra hing!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S >mPR (WumP 9i iR 9u i Ma inaR Ata i Lin eed Al hiR Ara i Al i Aga e+eeGaR 5emeagareR Aga i Al i Aga thaR Aga iR Cheru ,harm At hi Atu hi Ali AliR $irai A?i a Al iR (atan

A9A5) Ata X ,on i t o- driedR ripe eed o- Linum u itati imum Linn! (#am! Lina,eae"R

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5eed mallR +ro;nR glo y ;ith minutely pitted ur-a,eR a+out .H2 mm long and 2H2!/ mm in ma%imum ;idthR elongatedHo?oidR -lattenedR rounded at one end and o+liLuely pointed at the otherR near ;hi,h on one edgeR a light depre ion en,lo ing hilum and mi,ropyleR em+ryo ,on i ting o- t;o yello;i hH;hiteR -lattened plano,on?e% ,otyledon and a radi,leR nearly -ill the eed and ,ompletely urrounded +y a thinR ;hiti h endo permR +oth endo perm and em+ryo oilyR te ta mu,ilaginou ;hen oaKed in ;aterR odourR ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR oily ;hen ,he;ed!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- eed ho; te ta ,on i t o- i odiametri, ,ell ;ith mu,ilaginou outer ;all R ,ollen,hymatou ,ell o- middle layer o- eed ,oat ,ylindri,alR ingle layeredR yello;i h +ro;nR longitudinally elongatedR a+out 124H164= long and 1.H11 = ;ideR thi,KR ligni-ied and ;ith pitted ;all R ingle layer o- -lattened polygonal pigment ,ell ;ith reddi hH+ro;n ,ontent R aleurone grain in the ,otyledon R upto 24 =
.0

in diameterR ea,h ;ith glo+oid and ,ry talloidR a+undant glo+ule o- -i%ed oil and o,,a ional tar,h grain pre ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e #i%ed oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR 9iKta GuruR 5nigdha >WZa (aUu $PtaghnaR A,aKWuWya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 1 / 2 '4 1/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!3

CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR mu,ilage and protein!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5arWapPdi 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (YmirogaR (uWUhaR Pram_haR 7ir`r`ga DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

.)

1'! Ati+ala (0t!"

hairy her+ or underH hru+ 1!4H1!/ m highR annual or more o-ten perennial ;ith golden yello; -lo;er R -lo;ering mo tly throughout the year -ound a+undantly throughout the hotter part o- :ndiaR a a ,ommon ;eed on road ide and other ;a te pla,e in plain and hill R upto an ele?ation o- 244 m!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (anKatiKaR JWyapr`KtP Jaya?andhaR Jayapateri &adela :ndian Mallo; (an aKiR (hapat (anghi 5hrimudrigidaR MudragidaR 9uru+e (ath >ramR (atu?anR >ru+amR >ra+amR $anKuruntottR OorpamR 9utti ChaKra+hendiR PetariR Mudra PedipidiKa (angiR (angi+ooti 9uttiR 9huthi 9utturu+enda HH

A9:&AL Ati+alP ,on i t o- root o- A+utilon indi,um (Linn!" 5;eet (#am! Mal?a,eae"R a

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

9ap root R -airly long ;ith a num+er o- lateral +ran,he R 1!/H2 ,m in diameterR light +ro;nR outer ur-a,e mooth ;ith dot liKe lenti,el R +arK thin and ,an +e ea ily peeled o--R odourR -ee+leR ta teR a tringent and +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; a thin ,orK o- .H1 or more tangentially elongated re,tangular ,ell R ,orK ,am+iumR ingle layeredR and at the lenti,el region -ollo;ed +y 2H' layer o- e,ondary ,orte% o- thinH;alledR almo t ,u+i,al or re,tangular ,ell R ,ontaining mall ,lu ter o- ,al,ium o%alate in mo t o- ,ell R phellogen -ollo;ed +y 'H. layer o- thinH;alled ,ell o- ,orte%R ome ,ell o- ,orte% ;hi,h are a+o?e the ,oni,al trand o- +a tR ,ru hedR mall tar,h grain R 2H6 = in diameterR pre ent in ome o- the ,ell R phloem -orm the maGor portion o- +arK and pre ent a ,oni,al trand ;ith their +a e to;ard the ;ood and ;ith dilate di tal end o- the primary medullary ray in
.7

+et;een themR -i+re R pre ent in group o- 14H12 in the e ,oni,al trand R in tangential ro; R alternating ;ith thinH;alled phloem element R to;ard ;ood -i+re group R element in +et;een the -i+re mo tly ,on i t o- phloem paren,hymaR 5ome ,ell ,ontain ,lu ter ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate and a -e; other ha?e tar,h grain R ome phloem ,ell to;ard periphery appear ,ompre ed and ,ru hedR inner to phloemR a ,am+ium pre entR ,on i ting o- 1H2 ro; o- narro;R thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell R ;ood ,ompo ed o?e el R ;ood -i+re R ;ood paren,hyma and medullary ray ?e el ?ary in diameter and arranged in radial group o- 2H.R al o o,,ur in ingle R ome ,ell ho; tylo e -ormationR paren,hyma thi,KH;alled and lightly ;ider than -i+re ,ell R +ut le thi,KenedR ingle or rarely ,ompound tar,h grain pre entR tetrar,h +undle or primary %ylem pre ent at the ,entre o- ;oodR medullary ray uni or +i eriate ;iden mu,h to;ard di tal end R mo t o- the ray ,ell ,ontain tar,h grain and ome ,ontain ,lu ter o,al,ium o%alateR tar,h grain pre ent in ;ood larger than tho e o- +arK regionR a -e; ray ,ell at ,entre o- the root ,ontain rhom+oidal ,ry tal !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H A paragin! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S Madhura 5nigdha 7Xta Madhura &alyaR $PtaharaR $YWyaR GrPhi Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 ' ' 6 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &alP 9ailaR NPrPyaZa 9ailaR MahPnPrPyana 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 0aKtapittaR $PtaraKtaR M_ha DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

.,

1.! Ati?i ha (0t!"

A9:$:<

Ati?iWP ,on i t o- driedR tu+erou root o- A,onitum heterophyllum 8all! e%! 0oyle (#amR 0anun,ula,eae"R a perennial her+R nati?e o- ;e tern Himalaya and -ound in Garh;alR (umaon and (a hmir at altitude +et;een 2R/44H.R444 m!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S AruZPR GhuZapriyPR $iWP! Aati,h Atai,ha Ati 0oot Ati?i hni (aliR Ati?iKhani (ali Ati Ati?i haR Athihage (ath Ati?idayamR Ati?itayam Ati?i ha Atu hi Ati aR Atee Ati?idayam Ati?a a Atee

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oot R o?oidH,oni,alR tapering do;n;ard to a printR 2!4H1!/ ,m longR 4!.H1!2 ,m or more thi,K at it upper e%tremityR gradually de,rea ing in thi,Kne to;ard tapering endR e%ternally light a hHgreyR ;hite or greyH+ro;nR ;hile internally tar,h ;hiteR e%ternal ur-a,e ;rinKled marKed ;ith ,ar o- -allen rootlet and ;ith a ro ette o- ,aly rudimentary lea?e on topS -ra,tureR hortR tar,hyR ho;ing uni-orm ;hite ur-a,eR marKed to;ard ,entre +y .H1 ,on,entri,ally arranged yello;i hH+ro;n dot R ,orre ponding to end o- -i+ro?a ,ular +undle tra?er ing root longitudinally ta teR +itter ;ith no tingling en ation!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature root ho; R ingle layered epidermi ,on i ting olight +ro;n ta+ular ,ell rupturing on -ormation o- ,orKR ,orK ,on i t o- /H14 ro; otangentially elongatedR thinH;alled ,ell R ,orK ,am+ium ingle layered ,on i ting otangentially elongatedR thinH;alled ,ell R ,orte% mu,h ;ider ,on i ting o- tangentially elongated or roundedR thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,e R ,ell
.8

-ully pa,Ked ;ith +oth imple a ;ell a ,ompound tar,h grain R ,ompound tar,h gain ,ompo ed o- 2H. ,omponent o- pheri,al +odyR endodermi di tin,t ,ompo ed o- +arrelH haped ,ell R element o- ?a ,ular +undle poorly de?elopedR ?a ,ular +undle R arranged in a ringR interH-a ,i,ular ,am+ium pre ent in -orm o- a ring ,ompo ed o- -e; layered thinH;alled ,ell R ,entral ,ore ,on i ting o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell R po e ing tar,h grain imilar to tho e -ound in ,orti,al ,ell ! Po;derH A h ,oloured to light +ro;nR under mi,ro ,ope ho; a+undant imple and ,ompound tar,h grain and paren,hymatou ,ell !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu DXpanaR PP,anaR 5a]grPhiKPR (aphapittahara! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 . 1 2 2. per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (ati ineR dihydroati ineR heti ined and heterati ine"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MahP?iWagar+ha 9ailaR 0odhrP a?aR 7i?P GuiKPR LaKaWmXnPrPyaZa 0a aR 0P nairaZ[Pdi (?Ptha C VrZaR 5udarTana CVrZaR Paa,atiKta Guggulu GhYtaR &Pla Chatur+hadriKP CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (YmirogaR J?araR (P aR ChardiR AmPti Pra DO5* H 4!2H2!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

.-

1/! &a++ula (5t! &K!"

&A&&=LA

&a++Vla ,on i t o- dried mature tem +arK o- A,a,ia niloti,a (Linn!" 8illd! e%! Del! p! indi,a (&enth!" &renanR 5yn! A,a,ia ara+i,a 8illd! (#am! Legumino ae" R a moderate i@edR pinyR e?ergreen tree -ound throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S &P?arXR (inKirPta &a+ala &a+la &a+ula treeR :ndian gum ara+i, tree &a?alR (aloa+a?al &a+ulaR &a+uraR (iKar 5harmeeruKaR (ari JailR (ari go+liR Pulai Jali 5aK $elutha (aru?elan &a+hulR &a+hula &a+ulaR &a+ala (iKKar (aru?elanR (aru?el NallatummaR 9humma HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

&arK hardR darK +ro;n or +la,KR deeply -i ured tran ?er ely and longitudinallyR inner ur-a,eR reddi h +ro;nR longitudinally triated and -i+rou R +reaK ;ith di--i,ulty and e%hi+it a -i+rou -ra,tureR ta teR a tringent!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature +arK ho; R 1/H2/ layeredR thinH;alledR lightly -lattened mo tly re,tangularR +ro;n ,oloured ,orK ,ell R a -e; lenti,el -ormed +y rupturing o,orK ,ell R e,ondary ,orti,al ,ell o?ate to elongatedR many tanni-erou tone ,el1 R ?aria+le in hape and i@e pre ent in large group R e,ondary phloem ,on i t o- ie?e tu+e R ,ompanion ,ell R -i+re R ,ry tal -i+re and phloem paren,hyma phloem -i+re in many group and thi,KH;alledR phloem ti ue -illed ;ith reddi h or +ro;n ,ontent pre entR ,ry tal -i+re thi,KH;alledR elongatedR di?ided +y tran ?er e epta into egment R ea,h ,ontain a pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR medullary ray uni toHmultiH eriate
.(

run almo t traightR ray ,ell elongated to polygonalR 24H2. ,ell high and 2H/ ,ell ;ideR ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate -ound ,attered among t the tone ,ellb,el1 o- e,ondary ,orte% and phloem paren,hyma! Po;derHPo;der a u,h reddi h +ro;n ,olouredR under mi,ro ,ope many pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR tone ,ell R +oth ;ith narro; and ;ide lumen and triation and ,ry tal -i+re een!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya GuruR 0VKWaR $aTada 7Xta (aUu GrPhXR (aphaharaR $iWaghna! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1/ 2 2 . per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin and gum!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MYta aaGX?anX 5urPR &a++VlPriWUa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (P aR (YmirogaR (uWUhaR Ati Pra DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

0*

12! &aKu,hi (#rt"

&(>C)

&PKu,X ,on i t o- dry ripe -ruit o- P oralea ,oryli-olia Linn! (#am! Legumino ae"R an ere,tR 4!'H1!3 m high annual her+R di tri+uted throughout :ndiaR -ound ,ommonly in >ttar Prade hR &engal and Mahara htra!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S A?alguGaR 5omarPGX Ha+u,ha &aKu,hiR 5omraGiR HaKu,ha $eeGa HH &a?a,hi &a+,hiR &a?a,hiR &aKu,hi &au,higeR &ha?anti+eeGaR &ha?an,higidR &auKu,hi &a+,hi (arKoKil &a;,hi &aKu,hi &a+,hiR &a?,hi (arpoKari iR (arpogalari iR (ar+ogalari i &a?an,halu &a+,hi

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit R darK ,ho,olate to almo t +la,K ;ith peri,arp adhering to the eedH,oatR 'H.!/ mm longR 2H' mm +roadR o?oidHo+long or +ean hapedR ome ;hat ,ompre edR gla+rou rounded or mu,ronateR ,lo ely pittedR eed ,ampylotropou R nonH endo permou R oily and -ree -rom tar,hR odourle R +ut ;hen ,he;ed mell o- a pungent e ential oil -eltR ta teR +itterR unplea ant and a,rid!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; perio,arp ;it+ prominent ridge and depre ion R ,on i ting o- ,ollap ed paren,hyma and large e,retory gland ,ontaining oleoHre inou matter te taR an outer layer o- pali ade epidermi R layer o- +earer ,ell ;hi,h are mu,h thi,Kened in the inner tangential and +a al radial ;all and 2H' layer oparen,hymaR ,otyledon o- polyhedral paren,hyma and three layer o- pali ade ,ell on the ada%ial ide!
0'

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 2 1' 11 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR -i%ed oilR P oralen R p oralidinR i op oralen and

+aKu,hiol!

P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu GrPhXR 7leWmP rapittanutR $raZPpahaR HYdya!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5omarPGX 9ailaR A?alguGPdi Lepa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H J?araR (YmirogaR (uWUhaR MehaR 7?itra DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

0.

11! &i+hitaKa (#rt!"

&:&H)9A(A

&i+hXtaKa ,on i t o- peri,arp o- dried ripe -ruit o- 9erntinalia +eleri,a 0o%+! (#am! Com+reta,eae"R a large de,iduou treeR 14H12 m or more highR ,ommonly -ound in plain and -ore t upto 644 m ele?ationR -ruit ripen to;ard No?em+er!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S $i+hXtaR AKWaR AKWaKa &homoraR &homraR &haira &ayadaR &aheda &eleri, Myro+alan &ahedan &ahera 9are KaiR 5hanti (ayi &a+eloR &alali 9anniKKa &aheda &aheda &ahera 9hanriKKai 9haniKKaya &ahera

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit nearly pheri,al to o?oidR 2!/H.!4 ,m in diameterR -re h ripe -ruit lightly il?ery or ;ith ;hiti h hiny pu+e ,ent ur-a,eR mature -ruit grey or grayi h +ro;n ;ith lightly ;rinKled appearan,eR rind o- -ruit ho; ?ariation in thi,Kne -rom 'H/ mmR ta teR a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; an outer epi,arp ,on i ting o- a layer o- epidermi R mo t o- epidermal ,ell elongate to -orm hair liKe protu+eran,e ;ith ;ollen +a eR ,ompo ed o- a @one o- paren,hymatou ,ell R lightly tangentially elongated and irregularly arrangedR intermingled ;ith tone ,ell o- ?arying hape and i@eR elongated tone ,ell -ound to;ard periphery and pheri,al in the inner @one o- me o,arp in group o- 'H14R me o,arp tra?er ed in ?ariou dire,tion +y numerou ?a ,ular trand R +undle ,ollateralR endar,hR imple tar,h grain and ome tone ,ell -ound in mo t ome o,arp ,ell R -e; peripheral layer de?oid o- tar,h grain R ro ette o- ,al,ium o%alate
00

and tone ,ell pre ent in paren,hymatou ,ell R endo perm ,ompo ed o- tone ,ell running longitudinally a ;ell a tran ?er ely!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa Madhura CaKWuWyaR (eTyaR (aphapittaGitR &hedaKaR (YminPTanaR (P ahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1 1 3 '/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Galli, a,idR tanni, a,id and gly,o ide !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 9riphalP CVrZaR 9riphalPdi 9ailaR La?a]agPdi $aUX 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ChardiR (P aR (YmirogaR $i+andhaR 5?ara+hedaR Netraroga DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -rom!

0)

13! &il?a (#rt! Pulp"

&:L$A

&il?a ,on i t o- pulp o- entireR unripe or hal- ripe -ruit o- Aegle marmelo Carr! (#am! 0uta,eae"R a treeR attaining a height o- 12 m gro;ing ;ild and al o ,ulti?ated throughout the ,ountryR rind o- -ruit i remo?ed and pulp i +rui ed and dried!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 7rXphala &aelR $ael &elaR &il?a &engal cuin,eR &ael -ruit &illR &ilumR &il?aphal &elaR 5riphalR &el &il?a &el (oo?alam &elR &aela &ela &il $il?am Maredu &el

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruitR u+Hglo+o eR /H13 ,m in diameterR e%ternally greeni h ;hen youngR yello;i hH+ro;n ;hen ripeR rind a+out 1!/ mmH' mm thi,KR hard and ;oodyR ur-a,e mooth or lightly granular +earing a ,ir,ular ,ar at the point o- atta,hment ;ith pedun,leR ,arpel R 14H1/R ,entralR ea,h ,ontaining e?eral hairy eed em+edded in yello;i h+ro;nR e%tremely ti,Ky mu,ilageR eed o+longR -latR ;oodyR and ha?ing ;hite hairR -re h pulp o- ripe -ruitR +ro;nR o- ti,Ky hread R dried pulp hard and pale to darK red in ,olourR -reLuently +reaK a;ay -rom the rind during dryingR lea?ing a thin layer atta,hed to itR odourR -aintly aromati,R ta teR mu,ilaginou and lightly a tringent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H 9otal A h Not more than A,idHin olu+le a h Not more than Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than
07

. per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% /4 per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Marmalo inR tannin R mu,ilageR -atty oil and ugar! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu &alyaR DXpanaR GrPhXR PP,anaR PittaKYtR $PtaKaphahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &il?Pdi LehaR &YhatgangPdhara CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Pra?PhiKPR AgnimPndyaR GrahaZXroga DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

0,

16! Chandra ua (5d!"

mall ere,tR annual her+R a+out 1/H./ ,m highR ,ulti?ated throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S CandriKP Halim Chand 5huraR Halim Common Cre A eriyaR A eliyo Chan ur Alli+iGaR (apila Alian A ali Ahali?aR Hali? Chanda araR Chanda ura HolanR 9arateG Alli?irai AdityaluR Aadalu Halim

CAND0A7=0A CandraTVra ,on i t o- dried eed o- Lepidium ati?um Linn! (#am! Cru,i-erae" a

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5eed R mallR o?alH hapedR pointed and triangular at one endR moothR a+out 2H' mm longR 1H1!/ mm ;ideR reddi h +ro;nR a -urro; pre ent on +oth ur-a,e e%tending upto t;o third do;n;ardR a light ;ing liKe e%ten ion pre ent on +oth the edge oeedR ;hen oaKed in ;ater eed ,oat ;ell and get ,o?ered ;ith a tran parentR ,olourle mu,ilageR ta teR mu,ilaginou !

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

Po;derHCreamHyello; ;ith a num+er o- reddi hH+ro;n -ragment o- eed ,oat R under mi,ro ,ope ho; pie,e o- eed ,oatR ome ho;ing red ,olouring matter and other ;ith uni-ormly thi,K ;all R endo perm oily! :D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H
#oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than
08

2 per ,entR Appendi% 3 per ,entR Appendi% 4!/ per ,entR Appendi% 1' per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid R e ential oilR -i%ed oil and mu,ilage! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu &alapuWUi?i?ardhanaR $PtaTleWmahYt!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (a tVryPdi ($Pyu" GuUiKP 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Ati PraR HiKKPR $PtaraKta DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

0-

24! ChitraKa (0t!"

C:90A(A

CitraKa ,on i t o- dried mature root o- Plum+ago @eylani,a Linn! (#am! Plum+agina,eae" R a large perennial u+H ,andent hru+R -ound throughout :ndia in ;ile tate and o,,a ionally ,ulti?ated in garden !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S AgniR $ahniR J?alanPKhyaR (YTPZuR HuPTaR DahanaR Huta+huKR 5iKhX Agiya,hitR Agna,hit Chita Lead ;ar ChitraKmula ChiraR Chitra ChitramulaR $ahniR &ili,hitramoola ChitraR 5hatranGa $ellaKedu?eliR 9humpoKKodu?eli ChitraKa ChitamulaR Chitoparu Chitra ChitramoolamR (odi?eli Chitramulam 5heetraG HindiR Cheetah

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oot '4 ,m or more in lengthR 2 mm or more in diameter a al o a hort tout pie,e R in,luding root to,K reddi h to deep +ro;nR ,ar o- rootlet pre entR +arK thin and +ro;nR internal tru,ture triatedR odourR di agreea+leR ta teR a,rid!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; outer mo t ti ue o- ,orK ,on i ting o- / H1 ro;R o- ,u+i,al to re,tangular darK +ro;n ,ell R e,ondary ,orte% ,on i t o- 2H' ro; o- thinH ;alled re,tangularR light +ro;n ,ell R mo t o- the ,orte% ,ell ,ontain tar,h grain R e,ondary ,orte% -ollo;ed +y a ;ide @one o- ,orte%R ,ompo ed o- large polygonal to tangentially elongated paren,hymatou ,ell ?arying in i@e and hapeR ,ontaining tar,h grain and ome ,ell ;ith yello; ,ontent R -i+re ,attered ingly or in group o- 2H2R phloem a narro; @one o- polygonalR thinH;alled ,ell R ,on i ting o- u ual element and phloem -i+re R imilar to ,orti,al @oneR phloem -i+re u ually in group o- 2H/ or more +ut o,,a ionally o,,urring inglyR ligni-ied ;ith pointed end and narro; lumenR imilar in hape and i@e to tho e o- e,ondary ,orte%R ,am+ium indi tin,tR %ylem light yello; to
0(

;hiti hR ?e el radially arranged ;ith pitted thi,Kening R medullary ray traightR 1H2 eriateR ,ell radially elongated tar,h -illed ;ith tar,h grain R tone ,ell a+ ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H Plum+agin! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu 7othaharaR DXpanaR GrPhXR PP,anaR (apha?PtaharaR ArToharaR 7 Vlahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than ' ' 1 12 12 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H CitraKPdi $aUXR CitraKaharXtaKXR CitraKPdi CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR GrahaZX 0ogaR ArTaR >dara 7VlaR GudaTotha DO5* H 1H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm! Note H 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore u e a de ,ri+ed in the appendi%

)*

21! DhanyaKa (#rt!"

DHNAA(A

DhPnyaKa ,on i t o- dried ripe -ruit o- Coriandrum ati?um Linn! (#am! >m+elli-erae" R a lenderR gla+rou R +ran,hedR annual her+R ,ulti?ated all o?er :ndiaR '4H64 ,m highR gi?ing ,hara,teri ti, aroma ;hen ru++edR ,rop mature in 2H' month a-ter o;ingR her+ i pulled out ;ith root R a-ter dryingR -ruit threa hed out and dried in unR ;inno;edR and tored in +ag !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S DhaniKaR DhPnyaR $itunnaKaR (u tum+uru Dhaniya DhaneR Dhania Coriander -ruit Dhana Dhaniya Ha?iGaR (otham+ari +iGa Dhani;alR Dhana;al MalliR (othampatayari DhaneR (othim+ir Dhania Dhania (ottamatli ?iraiR Dhaniya Dhaniyalu (i hnee@

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit glo+ularR meri,arp u ually united +y their margin -orming a ,remo,arp a+out 2H. mm in diameterR uni-ormly +ro;ni hHyello; or +ro;nR gla+rou R ometime ,ro;ned +y the remain o- epal and tyle R primary ridge 14R ;a?y and lightly in,on pi,uou e,ondary ridge 3R traightR and more prominentR endo perm ,oelo permou R odourR aromati,R ta teR pi,y and ,hara,teri ti,!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; peri,arp ;ith outer epidermi R ;hen pre ent ;ith lightly thi,Kened anti,linal ;allR a -e; tomataR many ,ell ;ith mall pri m o,al,ium o%alateR tri,home a+ entR outer layer o- me o,arp paren,hymatou ;ith inner ,ell in ;a?y longitudinal ro; and degenerated ?ittae a tangentially -lattened ,a?itie R middle layer o- me o,arp ,leren,hymatou -orming a thi,K layer o- -u i-ormR pitted ,ell in ?ery inuou ro; R layer o-ten ,ro ing at right angle ;ith de-inite
)'

longitudinal trand in the e,ondary ridge R inuou primary ,o tae ;ith ome piral ?e elS inner ,ell o- me o,arpR largeR he%agonal ;ith rather thinR ligni-ied ;all R inner epidermi o- ?ery narro; thinH;alled ,ell lightly inuou anti,linal ;all ho;ing parLuetry arrangementR t;o or rarely moreR normal ?ittae o,,urring on ,ommi ural ide o- ea,h me o,arp ,ontaining ?olatile oilR endo perm o- thi,KH;alled ,ellulo i, paren,hyma ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oilR numerou aleurone grain R a+out .H3 in diameter ,ontaining mi,roHro ette o- ,al,ium o%alate R plit ,arpophore pa ing at ape% o- ea,h meri,arp into rapheR adGa,ent to ;hi,h a large ,a?ity and on inner ide o- thi a -lattened ?a ,ular trandR ,arpophore ,on i ting o- -i+re urrounded +y piral ?e el ! Po;derH #a;n to +ro;nR epidermal ,ell o- peri,arp ;hen pre entR lightly thi,KH;alled and many ,ontaining mall pri m o- ,al,ium o%alateR paren,hymatou ,ell o- me o,arp ;ithout reti,ulate thi,KeningR ma e o- ,leren,hymatou ,ell o- me o,arp in inuou ro; R o-ten ,ro ing at right angle R large tu+ular he%agonal rather thinH;alled ,leren,hymatou ,ell o- endo,arpR ,ell o- inner epidermi ;ith lightly innou anti,linal ;all R thi,KH;alled polygonal paren,hymatou ,ell o- endo permR ,ontaining -i%ed oil and numerou mall aleurone grain R mi,roHro ette o- ,al,ium o%alate!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 5nigdha >WZa Madhura CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR GrPhXR HYdya!R PP,anaR 9ridoWanutR MVtrala Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1!/ per ,entR Appendi% 14 per ,entR Appendi% 16 per ,entR Appendi% 4!' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil (,oriandrol"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DhPnyapaa,aKa K?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Ati PraR ChardiR DPhaR J?araR 9YWZPR AGXrZa DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!
).

22! DhataKi (#l!"

Lythra,eae" S mu,h +ran,hedR emi de,iduou R under hru+ or hru+R 1H' m highR rarely upto ' mR -ound throughout :ndiaR a ,ending to 1/44 m in Himalaya and al o in the Gangeti, plain R al o ,ulti?ated in garden !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S &ahupu pXR 9PmrapuWpXR $ahniG?PlP Dhaiphool Dhaiphul #ire -lame +u h Dha?adiR Dha?ani DhaiR Dha?a DhataKiR 9amrapu hpi (ath 9attiripu?uR 9atire DhayatiR Dha?ati DhaiphulaR DhatuKi Da?iR Phul Dha?a (attatiR (attathi!R (attattipoo Aarl Puru?u HH

DH9A(: DhPtaKi DhataKi ,on i t o- -lo;er o- 8ood-ordia -ruti,o a (Linn!" (ur@! (#am!

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#lo;erR a+out 1!2 ,m longR o,,ur a ingle or in +un,he o- 2H1/R ,aly% 1!4H1!2 ,m longR ridged and gla+rou R +right red ;hen -re h +ut -ade on dryingR ;ith ,ampanulate +a e and o+liLue ape% ha?ing 2 triangular and a,ute teethR ea,h tooth +eingR 2H2!/ mm longR 2R ?ery minute a,,e ory epal atta,hed out ide at the Gun,ture o- ,aly% tooth and deeper in ,olourR petal 2R atta,hed in ide the mouth o- ,aly%Htu+eR hightly longer than ,aly% toothR alternating ;ith ,aly%Htooth pale ro e or ;hiti hR thinR paperyR lan,eolateR a,uminateR tamen 12R united at the +a eR a+out 1!/H2 ,m longR -ilament -ili-ormR ,ur?ed at the ape%R Keeping anther in ide ,aly%Htu+e R anther dor i-i%ed +ro;nR almo t rounded or +roadly o?ateR ,arpel 2R unitedR o?ary uperiorR tyle -ili-ormR longeR than o?ary and tamen R ta teR a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- epal ho; R ingle layered ,uti,ulari ed epidermi R pro?ided ;ith +oth glandular and ,o?ering tri,home Qglandular tri,home R
)0

multi,ellularR longR ,on i ting o- a talK and a glo+o eR thinH;alledR multi,ellular headR ,o?ering tri,home R uni,ellular thi,KH;alled +road at +a e and pointed at the ape%R ground ti ue ,on i ting o- thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell ur-a,e ?ie; o- petal ho; thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell R pro?ided ;ith ?ery -e; par ely di tri+uted ,o?ering tri,home R tran ?er e e,tion o- -ilament ho; R epidermi ,on i ting o- ingle layered tangentially elongated ,ell R ,o?ered ;ith a ?ery thi,KH,uti,leR ground ti ue ,on i ting o- thin ;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,e R urrounding a ,entral! ?a ,ular ,ylinder o- pirally thi,Kened ?e el R tran ?er e e,tion o- anther ho; R ingle layered epidermi R ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,le -ollo;ed +y e?eral layer othi,Kened ,ell R urrounding +oth the pollenH a, ha?ing numerou pollen grain R pollen grain roughly tetrahedral ;ith three pore R mea uring 12H12 = appro%imately R ,entral region ,on i ting o- thinH;alled ,ell em+oding ?a ,ular +undle !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR (aWPya Laghu 7Xta (aUu GrPhXR $iWaghnaR Gar+ha thPpanaR (YminutR 5andhPnXya! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 14 1 1 23 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin and glu,o ide!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &Yhat GangPdhara CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Ati PraR 0aKtapittaR 9YWZPR $raZaR $i arpa DO5* H 'H2 g! o- drug in po;der -orm!

))

2'! *randa (0t!"

*0ABCA

*raZ[a ,on i t o- driedR mature root o- 0i,inu ,ommuni Linn! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"R a tall gla+rou hru+ or almo t mall tree 2H. m highR -ound throughout :ndiaR mo tly gro;ing ;ild on ;a te land and al o ,ulti?ated -or it oil eed !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Gandhar?aha taR $PtPriR Paa,P]gulaR CitrPR >ru+uR 0u+u *daR *ra &herenda Ca tor oil plant *randioR *rando ArandR *randR AndiR 0end HaraluR Oudala gida AranR &anangir A?anaKKu *rand JadaR Ga+a Arind AmanaKKu Amudapu ?eru &edanGirR Arand

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oot light in ;eight almo t traight ;ith -e; rootlet R outer ur-a,e dull yello;i h +ro;nR nearly mooth +ut marKed ;ith longitudinal ;rinKle R ome pla,e ;hiti hHyello; and o-tR odourle R ta teR a,rid!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; thin layer o- ,orK o- Luari h to tangentially elongatedR thinH;alled ,ell R +eneath ,orKR e,ondary ,orte% o- thinH;alledR tangentially elongated ,ell R narro; ,orte% o- rounded to tangentially elongated thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell R ome ,ontaining large oil glo+ule R ro ette o- ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal and round imple or ,ompound tar,h grain R phloem a +road @oneR ,on i ting oie?e tu+e R phloem paren,hyma and phloem -i+re R -i+re longR mo tly eptateR highly thi,KenedR ha?ing narro; lumenR ome -i+re urrounded +y ,on,entri, ro; o- ,ell ,ontaining ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ie?e tu+e R thinH;alled ;ith ,ompanion ,ell and phloem paren,hyma in the inner region o- phloem more prominent R ome phloem paren,hyma ,ell ,ontain ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate R ,am+ium 'H/ layeredR ,ell
)7

re,tangular in hapeR %ylem o,,upie maGor part o- rootR pentar,hR -i?e group o- primary %ylem di tin,t in the ,entre o- the ;oodR %ylem ,on i t o- ?e el R paren,hyma and -i+re R ?e el uni-ormly ,attered throughout the %ylem regionR either olitary or in group R larger in i@e to;ard phloemR ;ith +ordered pit R %ylem paren,hyma le ia num+er around ?e el ,ontaining tar,h grain R %ylem -i+re long and thi,KH;alledR medullary ray uniHtoH+i eriateR more or le traightR .H/ eriate ray R ometime -ound near proto%ylem group R ray ,ell R thinH;alledR lightly radially elongated in phloem regionR thi,KH;alled in %ylem regionR all ray ,ell ,ontain tar,h grain !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S Madhura GuruR 5nigdha >WZa Madhura $PtaharaR $YWyaR mapP,ana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 1 ' 6 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (ri,inine"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Grandhar?aha tPdi (?Ptha CVrZaR $PtPri GugguluR Gandhar?aha ta taila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR J?araR >dararogaR ma?PtaR $a tiTVlaR (aiTVla DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

),

2.! Gam+hari (0t!&K!"

GAM&H0)

Gam+hPrX ,on i t o- driedR mature root and root +arK o- Gmelina ar+orea 0o%+! (#am! $er+ena,eae" R tree a+out 13 m highR ;ith a ,lear +ole o- 2H6 m and a girth o1!/H2!1 mR -ound in the lo;er Himalaya R the Nilgiri and the *a t and 8e t Coa t o:ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (PTmarXR (PTmarya Gamari Gam+harR Gamar Candhar 9ree 5hi?an Gam+harR (ham+hari 5hi?anigidaR 5hi?ani (a hmari (umi@huR (umpil 5hi?an Gam+hari GumharR (umhar (umi hanR (umi@han PeggummuduR Peggummadi HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oot H O,,ur in pie,e ;ith e,ondary and tertiary +ran,he R root pie,e nearly ,ylindri,al ;ith une?en ur-a,eR greyi h +ro;nR -ra,ture ome;hat tough in +arKR +rittle and predominant in ;oody portion! 0oot +arKHmature root +arK ;hen -re hR yello;i h in ,olourR dry pie,e ,ur?ed and ,hannelledR thinner one -orming ingle Luill R e%ternal ur-a,e rugged due to pre en,e o- ?erti,al ,ra,K R ridge R -i ure and numerou lenti,el R -ra,ture hort and granularR ta teR mu,ilaginou R ;eeti h ;ith light +itterne !
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

0ootHtran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; 2H3 layer o- ,orK ,ell R e,ondary ,orte%R in,luding primary and e,ondary phloem a+out t;o third ,on i ting o- ;oodR ,orK +ro;ni hR ,ell arranged in tangential dire,tion and +roKen at pla,e to;ard upper layer R ,orte% ,hara,teri ed +y the pre en,e o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith tar,h grain R re in du,t pre ent in a+undan,e throughout ,orte%R ,attered tone ,ell
)8

-i+re liKe or elongated ,ommonR -i+re pre entR o,,urring mo tly in ingle R ,ell o,orte% al o ,ontain ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate and oil glo+ule R primary phloem ,hara,teri ed +y the pre en,e o- ie?e tu+e ;ith ,ompanion ,ell R phloem paren,hymaR o-t +a t -i+re and ray ,ell R phloem -i+re o,,ur ingly and ,attered ,orti,al ,ell .4H14 = +y 2/H'/ = and +a t -i+re R '44H1444 = +y 14H1/ = de?elopment o- ,orK taKe pla,e in e,ond or third layer o- primary ,orte%R ;ood ,on i t o- imple pitted ;ood paren,hyma and medullary ray R ;ood ,ell mainly ,ompo ed o- ?e el and tra,heid and inner ;ood ,on i t o- a maGor portion o- -i+re together ;ith a -e; ?e el R ?e el numerou and -orm almo t a ring near the periphery o- %ylem ,ylinder and ome;hat pare R +eing ,attered in group or ingly nearer the ,entral regionR lumen o- ?e el ome;hat largeR dimen ion o- ?e el 1'4H2/4 = +y /4H144 = and tho e o- the tra,heid 11/H'44 = +y '4H/4 = ;ood -i+re a+undant and ;ith imple pit R ,am+ium di tin,tR medullary ray generally 1H2 ,elled thi,K ;ith a+undant tar,h grain ,ell o+long to re,tangular!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya Guru >WZa (aUu 7othaharaR &hedanaR DXpanaR PP,anaR 9ridoWaGitR $iWaghnaR MedhyaR J?arahara! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% / per ,entR Appendi% 4!' per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 24 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and lignan (ar+orealR i oar+oreal and related lignan "!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DaTamVlPriWaR DaTamVlaharXtaKXR DaTamVla GhYtaR DaTamVla <apalaKa GhYta 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR DPhaR J?araR 9YWZPR rTa DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

)-

2/! GoK hura (0t!"

annual pro trate her+R rarely perennial ,ommon ;eed o- the pa ture land R road ide and other ;a te landR ,hie-ly gro;ing in hotR dry and andy region throughout :ndia and upto 'R444 m in (a hmir!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S GoKWuraKaR 9riKaUZaR 7?adadWUrPR 9raiKaZUaKa GoK huraR GuKhurKata GoK huraR GoKhri Caltrop root &e tha goKharuR Nana goKharuR MithogoKharu GoKhru 5annanaggiluR NeggilamulluR Neggilu Mi,hirKandR PaKhda NerinGil 5arateR GoKharu GuKhuraR GoKhyura &haKhraR GoKhru NerinGilR NerunGil Palleru?eru (harHeH(ha aK (hurd

GO(<>0A (0oot" GoKWura ,on i t o- root o- 9ri+ulu terre tri Linn! (#am! Nygophylla,ea e"S an

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug ,on i t o- rootR 1H13 ,m long and 4!'H4!1 ,m in diameterR lenderR ,ylindri,alR -i+rou R -reLuently +ran,hed +earing a num+er o- mall rootlet R toughR ;oody and yello; to light +ro;n in ,olourR ur-a,e +e,ome rough due to pre en,e omall nodule R -ra,ture -i+rou R odour aromati,R ta teR ;eeti h and a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- primary root ho; a layer o- epidermi -ollo;ed +y .H/ layer o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,orte%R endodermi di tin,tR peri,y,le en,lo ing diar,h teleR in mature rootR ,orK .H2 layeredR ,orK ,am+ium ingle layered -ollo;ed +y 2H1. layer o- thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith ?arying num+er o- -i+re R di tri+uted throughoutR ome e,ondary ,orte% ,ell ho; e,ondary ;all -ormation and reti,ulate thi,KeningR -i+re -ound in group re em+ling tho e o- phloemR e,ondary phloem di?ided into t;o @one R outer @one ,hara,teri ed +y pre en,e o- numerou phloem -i+re ;ith a -e; ie?e tu+e lightly ,ollap edR inner @one -reLuently
)(

paren,hymatou R de?oid o- -i+re o-ten ho;ing ie?e tu+e and ,ompanion ,ell R phloem ray di tin,tR -e; ,ell get ,on?erted into -i+re in outer regionR ,am+ium 'H/ layeredR ;ood ,ompo ed o- ?e el R tra,heid R paren,hyma and -i+re and tra?er ed +y medullary ray R ?e el ,atteredR arranged in ingle or dou+le to;ard inner ideR in group o- three to -our on outer ide ha?ing +ordered pit R tra,heid longR narro; ;ith imple pit R %ylem paren,hyma re,tangular or lightly elongated ;ith imple pit and reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem -i+re -e;R tra,hied elongated ;ith imple pit R medullary ray heterogenou R 1H. ,ell ;ideR tar,h grain and ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate pre ent in e,ondary ,orte%R phloem and medullary ray ,ell R -e; pri mati, ,ry tal al o pre ent in %ylem ray ,ell !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S Madhura GuruR 5nigdha 7Xta Madhura MVtralaR $YWyaR $PtanutR &YdhaZa Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1' ' . 14 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and aponin !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5aha,arPdi 9ailaR DaTamVla (?Ptha CVrZaR DaTam VlaKautraya (?Ptha CVrZaR DaTam Vlapaa,aKolPdi (?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?P aR HYdrogaR (P aR $PtarogaR 7VlarogaR MVtraKY,,hraR ATamarX DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

7*

22! GoK hura (#rt!"

GO(<>0A (#ruit"

GoKWura ,on i t o- driedR ripeR entire -ruit o- 9ri+ulu terre tri Linn! (#am Nygopylla,eae"R an annualR rarely pernnial ,ommon ;eed o- the pa ture land R road ide and other ;a te pla,e R ,hie-ly in hotR dry and andy region R gro; throughout :ndia a pro trate her+ and upto 'R444 m in (a hmir! 5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 7?adadWUrPR GoKWuraKaR 9raiKaZUaKaR 9riKaUZa GoKhurKataR GoK hura GoKhriR GoK hura Caltrop -ruit &ethagoKharuR MithagoKhruR NanagoKharu GoKhru NeggilamulluR NeggiluR 5annaneggilu PaKhdaR Mi,hiKand NerinGil GoKharuR 5arate GoKhyuraR GuKhura &haKhraR GoKhru NerinGilR NerunGil Palleru (aya (harHeH(ha aK (hurd

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit talKedR light or greeni h yello;R -i?e ri++ed or angledR more or le pheri,al in tru,ture and ,o?ered ;ith hort ti-- or pu+e ,ent hair R 1 ,m in diameter ;ith -i?e pair R o- prominent hort ti-- pine R pointed do;n;ard R a+out 4!/ ,m in lengthR tip o- pine almo t meet in pair ;hole together -orming pentagonal -rameH ;orK around -ruitR ripe -ruit eparate into -i?e egmentR o- ea,h ,o,,i and ea,h appear a ingleH-ruitR ea,h ,o,,u emiHlunar or planoH,on?e% in tru,ture one ,ham+eredR armed ;ith a pair o- pine R tarting -rom it middleR ,ontaining -our or more eed R ta teR lightly a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; mall epidermal ,ell o- ea,h ,o,,u re,tangularR uni,ellular tri,home in a+undan,eR me o,arp 2H14 layer o- large paren,hymatou ,ell R ro ette o- ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal a+undantly pre entR me o,arp
7'

-ollo;ed +y 'H. ,ompa,t layer o- mall ,ell ,ontaining pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 1/ 2 2 14 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Pota ium nitrateR terol R apogenin ;ith pyroKetone ring

(dio genin"R gitogenin and he,ogenin !

P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S Madhura GuruR 5nigdha 7Xta Madhura &YdhaZaR $PtanutR $YWyaR ATmarXharaR $a tiTodhana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H GoKWurPdi GugguluR 9raiKaZaKa GhYtaR DrPKWadi CrVna 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlarogaR ArTaR 7?P aR Daur+alyaR HYdrogaR (P aR MVtraKY,,hraR ATmarXR Pram_ha DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm! 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

7.

21! Gudu,hi (5t"

G>C=C)

Gu[V,X ,on i t o- driedR matured pie,e o- tem o- 9ino pora ,ordi-olia (8illd!" Mier ! (#amR Meni perma,eae"R a perennial ,lim+er -ound throughout 9ropi,al :ndiaR drug ,olle,ted during ummer pre-era+ly in the month o- MayR drug i u ed in -re h -orm al o!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S AmYta?allXR AmYtPR MadhuparZXR Gu[V,iKPR Chinno+ha?P 5iddhilataR Amarlata Gulan,ha HH Gala,R Garo GiloeR Gur,ha Amruta+alli AmritaR Gilo Chittamrutu Gul?el Gulu,hi Gilo 5eendalR 5eendil Kodi 9hippateega Gilo

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug o,,ur in pie,e o- ?arying thi,Kne ranging -rom 4!2H/ ,m in diameterR young tem green ;ith mooth ur-a,e and ;elling at node R older one ho; a light +ro;n ur-a,e marKed ;ith ;arty protu+eran,e due to ,ir,ular lenti,el R tran ?er ely moothened ur-a,e ho; a radial tru,ture ;ith ,on pi,uou medullary ray tra?er ing porou ti ue R ta te +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- tem ho; outerHmo t layer o- ,orKR di--erentiating into outer @one o- thi,KH;alled +ro;ni h and ,ompre ed ,ell R inner @one o- thin ;alled ,olourle R tangentially arranged 'H. ro; o- ,ell R ,orK +roKen at ome pla,e due to opening o- lenti,el R -ollo;ed +y / or more ro; o- e,ondary ,orte% o- ;hi,h the ,ell o- outer ro; maller than the inner oneR Gu t ;ithin the opening o- lenti,el R group o,lereid ,on i ting o- 2H14 ,ell -ound in e,ondary ,orte% regionR outer @one o- ,orte% ,on i t o- 'HH/ ro; o- irregularly arrangedR tangentially elongated ,hloren,hymatou ,ell R ,orti,al ,ell ituated to;ard inner ideR polygonal in hape and -illed ;ith plenty
70

o- tar,h grain R impleR o?oidR or irregularly o?oidHellipti,alR o,,a ionally ,ompound o2H. ,omponent R e?eral e,retory ,ell R -ound ,attered in the ,orte%R peri,y,li, -i+re ligni-ied ;ith ;ide lumen and pointed end R a o,iated ;ith a large num+er o- ,ry tal -i+re ,ontaining a ingle pri m in ea,h ,ham+erR ?a ,ular @one ,ompo ed o- 14H12 or more ;edgeH haped trip o- %ylemR e%ternally urrounded +y emiH,ir,ular trip ophloemR alternatingR ;ith ;ide medullary ray R phloem ,on i t o- ie?e tu+eR ,ompanion ,ell and phloem paren,hyma o- polygonal or tangentially elongated ,ell R ome o- them ,ontain ,ry te1 o- ,al,ium o%alateR ,am+ium ,ompo ed o- one to t;o layer otangentially elongated ,ell in ea,h ?a ,ular +undleR %ylem ,on i t o- ?e el R tra,heid R paren,hyma and -i+re R in primary %ylemR ?e el ,omparati?ely narro; de?oid otylo e R e,ondary %ylem element thi,KH;alledR ligni-iedR ?e el ,ylindri,al in hape +earing +ordered pit on their ;all ome large ?e el po e e?eral tylo e and o-ten ,ontain tran ?er e eptaR meduallry ray 1/H24 or more ,ell ;ide ,ontaining roundedR hemi pheri,alR o+longR o?oidR ;ith -aintly marKed ,on,entri, triation and ,entral hilum appearing liKe a pointR tar,h grain o- /!/H11!24 = in diameter and 2H11!23 = in lengthR pith ,ompo ed o- largeR thinH;alled ,ell mo tly ,ontaining tar,h grain !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #or dried drug H
/orei!n matter

9otal a h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e #or -re h drug #oreign matter Moi ture ,ontent P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S

Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than

2 12 ' ' 11

per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1

Nil Appendi% 2!2!2! 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!6!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9erpenoid and alKaloid ! 9iKtaR (aWPya Laghu >WZa Madhura &alyaR DXpanaR 0a PyanaR 5a]grPhXR 9ridoWaTPmaKaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR J?araghna

7)

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AmYtPriWaR AmYtottara (?Ptha CVrZaR Gu[V,X 9ailaR Gu[V,yPdi CVrZaR Gu[V,X 5att?aR Chinno+ha?Pdi (?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H J?araR (uWUhaR PPZ[uR PramehaR $PtaraKtaR (PmalP DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm! 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

77

23! Guggulu (*%udate"

G>GG>L> Guggulu ,on i t o- e%udate o- Commiphora ;ightii (Arn!" &handR 5yn! &al amodendron muKul HooK! e% 5to,K Commiphora muKul *ngl!"R e#am! &ur era,eae"R
a mall perennial tree or hru+ upto 1!2H1!3 m highR o,,uring in ro,Ky tra,t o- 0aGa thanR GuGarat R e%udate i ,olle,ted during ;inter ea on +y maKing the in,i ion in the +arK or in ummerR -alling -rom the +arK it el-!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada Guggal (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S PurPR MahiWPKWaR (auTiKaR Pala]KaWP Guggul Guggula GumHgugulR :ndian &dellium GugalR GuggalR Gugar Guggul (anthaganaR GuggalaR Mahi haK ha gugguluR GuggulugidaR Guggulu Guggul DhoopR (anth Gan GulguluR Guggulu GuggulR Mahi haK h Guggulu Guggal Mahi aK i Guggalu MaKi haK hi gugguluR Guggipannu MuLil (5hihappu"

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug o,,ur in ?ermi,ular or tala,titi, pie,e o- pale yello; or +ro;n ,oloured ma R maKe milKy emul ion in hot ;ater and readily +urn R ;hen -re h ?i ,id and golden ,olouredR odourR aromti,R ta te!R +itter and a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi, :D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than
7,

. / 1 21

per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2!

8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S

Not le than /' per ,entR Appendi% Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR gumR re inR teroid ! (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 5araR $aTada >WZa (aUu &alyaR 0a PyanaR $arZyaR $Pta+alP aGitR &hagna andhPnaKYtR Medohara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $PtPri GugguluR AogarPGa GugguluR 5idhanPda GugguluR (aiTora GugguluR MahPyogarPGa GugguluR Candrapra+hP $atX 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ma?PtaR (uWUhaR PramehaR $Pta?yPdiR GranthiR 7ophaR GaZ[amPlPR Medoroga DO5* H 2H. g o- the drug!

78

26! GunGa (5d!"

met ;ith all along Himalaya a ,ending to 644 mR preading throughout plain R -lo;ering in Augu tH5eptem+erR and -ruit ripen during ;inter!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 0aKtiKPR (PKaZantX 0ati (un,hR 5honKain,h JeLuirity 0atiR Chanothee 0attiR Ghung,hi GaluganGiR GulagunGee (ath (unniR Cu?anna (unni GunGa (ain,h 0atti (untriR (unrimaniR (undamani GuriginGaR Guri?inda Ghong,haR 0atti

G>DJ GuaGP ,on i t o- eed o- A+ru pre,atoriu Linn! (#am! Legumino ae"S a ,lim+er

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Chara,teri ed +y moothR glo y ur-a,e and +right ,arlet ,olour ;ith +la,K pat,h hilumR o?oid or u+Hglo+ularR /H3 mm longR .H/ mm +road! 9ran ?er e e,tion o- eed ho; te ta a+out 1/ = thi,KR greater part +eing -ormed +y epidermi R ,ompo ed o- radiallyR mu,h elongated ,ell R arranged irregularly and mea ure ./H/4 = in lengthR :nner region o- thin te ta ,on i t o- ,ollap ed ,ell -orming a hyaline layer a+out 2/ = thi,KR endodermi ,ompo ed o- thi,KH;alled ,ellulo i, paren,hymaR i odiametri, ,ell larger to;ard in ideR ;all mainly ohemi,ellulo e and ;ell ,on idera+ly in ;aterR outer one or t;o layer o- ,ell oendodermi (p eudoepidermi " -ormed o- rather maller ,ell R ;all o- ;hi,h ;ell to le e%tent in ;ater!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

7-

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu (eTyaR $raZPpahaR $PtapittaG?arPpahaR (aZ[VghnaR Gar+hanirodhaKa Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 4!/ per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H An al+uminou u+ tan,e (a+rine and a+ralin"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MYta aaGi?anX GuUiKPR GuaGP+hadra 0a a 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (uWUhaR $raZaR $Pta?yPdhiR :ndralupta DO5* H 24H134 mg o- the drug in po;der -ormf! NoteS 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore u e a de ,ri+ed in the Appendi%! f 9he do e hould not e%,eed the higher limit !

7(

'4! Haridra (0@!"

HA0:D0

HaridrP ,on i t o- the dried and ,ured rhi@ome o- Cur,uma longa Linn! (#am! Ningi+era,eae"R a perennial her+ e%ten i?ely ,ulti?ated in all part o- the ,ountryR ,rop i har?e ted a-ter 6H14 month ;hen lo;er lea?e turn yello; rhi@ome ,are-ully dug up ;ith handHpi,K +et;een O,to+erHApril and ,ured +y +oiling and dried!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 0aGanXR NiTPR NiTXR 0PtriR (WaZadPR DoWP HaldhiR Haladhi HaludR Haldi 9urmeri, Haldar HaldiR Hardi Ari hina LedarR Ladhir ManGal Halad Haladi HaldiR Haldar ManGal Pa upu Haldi

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0hi@ome o?ateR o+long or pyri-orm (round turmeri," or ,ylindri,alR o-ten hort +ran,hed (long turmeri,"R -ormer a+out hal- a +road a longR latter 2H/ ,m long and a+out 1H1!3 ,m thi,KR e%ternally yello;i h to yello;i hH+ro;n ;ith root ,ar and annulation o- lea- +a e R -ra,ture hornyR -ra,tured ur-a,e orange to reddi h +ro;nR ,entral ,ylinder t;i,e a +road a ,orte%S odour and ta te ,hara,teri ti,!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; epidermi ;ith thi,KH;alledR ,u+i,al ,ell o?ariou dimen ion R ,orte% ,hara,teri ed +y the pre en,e o- mo tly thinH;alled rounded paren,hyma ,ell ,attered ,ollateral ?a ,ular +undle R a -e; layer o- ,orK de?eloped under epidermi and ,attered oleoHre in ,ell ;ith +ro;ni h ,ontent Q ,orK generally ,ompo ed o- .H2 layer o- thinH;alledR +ri,KH haped paren,hymaR ,ell o- ground ti ue ,ontain tar,h grain o- .H1/ = in diameterR oil ,ell ;ith u+eri ed ;all ,ontaining
,*

either orangeHyello; glo+ule o- ?olatile oil or amorphou re inou matterR ?e el mainly pirally thi,KenedR a -e; reti,ulate and annular! :denti-i,ationH 1" On the addition o- Con,entrated 5ulphuri, a,id or a mi%ture o- Con,entrated 5ulphuri, a,id and al,ohol to the po;dered drugR a deep ,rim on ,olour i produ,ed! 2" A pie,e o- -ilter paper i impregnated ;ith an al,oholi, e%tra,t o- the po;derR driedR and then moi tened ;ith a olution o- &ori, a,id lightly a,idi-ied ;ith Hydro,hlori, a,idR dried againR the -ilter paper a ume a pinK or +ro;ni h red ,olour ;hi,h +e,ome deep +lue or greeni hH+la,K on the addition o- alKali!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta 0VKWa >WZa (aUu (YmighnaR (uWhaghnaR $arZyaR $iWaghnaR (aphapittanutR PramehanPTaKa Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 2 6 1 3 12 . per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil and a ,olouring matter (,ur,umin"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H HaridrP (haZ[a 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H PPZ[uR PramehaR $raZaR $iWa?iKPraR (uWUhaR 9?agrogaR 7XtapittaR PXna a DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

,'

'1! HaritaKi (#rt!"

HA0)9A()

HarXtaKX ,on i t o- the peri,arp o- mature -ruit o- 9erminalia ,he+ula 0et@! (#am! Com+reta,eae"R a moderate i@ed or large tree -ound throughout :ndiaR ,hie-ly in de,iduou -ore t and area o- light rain-allR +ut o,,a ionally al o in lightly moi t -ore t R upto a+out 1/44 m ele?ationR throughout :ndiaR -lo;er appear -rom AprilR Augu t and -ruit ripen -rom O,to+erHJanuary!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S A+hayPR (Pya thPR 7i?PR PathyPR $iGayP (Not &ha]gP" 5hiliKha HaritaKi Myro+alan HirdoR HimaGaR PuloHharda HarreR HaradR Harar AlaleKai Halela (atuKKa HirdaR HaritaKiR HardaR Hireda Harida HalelaR Harar (aduKKai (araKaR (araKKaya Halela

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

:nta,t -ruit yello;i hH+ro;nR o?oidR 24H'/ mm longR 1'H2/ mm ;ideR ;rinKled and ri++ed longitudinallyR peri,arp -i+rou R 'H. mm thi,KR nonHadherent to the eedR ta teR a tringent!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- peri,arp ho; epi,arp ,on i ting o- one layer o- epidermal ,ell inner tangential and upper portion o- radial ;all thi,KR me o,arpR 2H' layer o,ollen,hymaR -ollo;ed +y a +road @one o- paren,hyma in ;hi,h -i+re and ,1ereid in group and ?a ,ular +undle ,atteredR -i+re ;ith peg liKe out gro;th and imple pitted ;all R ,lereid o- ?ariou hape and i@e +ut mo tly elongatedR tannin and raphide in paren,hymaR endo,arp ,on i t o- thi,KH;alled ,lereid o- ?ariou hape and i@e R mo tly elongatedR epidermal ur-a,e ?ie; re?eal polygonal ,ell R uni-ormly thi,KH ;alledR e?eral o- them di?ided into t;o +y a thin eptaR tar,h grain imple rounded or
,.

o?al in hapeR mea uring 2H1 = in diameterR -ound in plenty in almo t all ,ell ome o,arp! Po;derH &ro;ni h in ,olourR under mi,ro ,ope ho; a -e; -i+re R ?e el ;ith imple pit and group o- ,lereid !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR AmlaR (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa Madhura CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR HYdyaR MedhyaR 5ar?adoWapraTamanaR 0aTayanaR Anulomana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 / / .4 24 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin R anthraLuinone and polyphenoli, ,ompound !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 9riphalP CVrZaR 9riphalPdi 9ailaR A+hayPriWUaR Aga tya HarXtaKX 0a PyanaR CitraKa HarXtaKXR DantX HarXtaKXR DaTamVla HarXtaKXR &rPhma 0a PyanaR A+hayP La?aZaR PathyPdi Lepa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR ArTaR Aru,iR HYdrogaR (P aR PPZ[uR PramehaR >dP?artaR $i+andhaR JXrZaG?araR $iWamaG?araR 7irorogaR 9amaKa 7?P aR GulmaR >dararoga DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

,0

'2! Hingu (Oleo H gumH0e in"

H:EG>

Hi]gu ,on i t o- oleoHgumHre in o+tained -rom rhi@ome and root o- #erula -oetida 0egel!R #erula narthe% &io Rand other pe,ie o- #erula (#am! >m+elli-erae"R a perennial her+R o,,urring in Per ia and A-ghani tanR re in ,olle,ted a-ter maKing in,i ion at the upper part o- tap root o- more than -i?e year old plant +y ,rapping in Mar,hR AprilR Gu t +e-ore -lo;eringR ;hole pro,e repeated many time R a-ter one or t;o day or a-ter a -e; ;eeK ;hen it get hardened!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 0PmahaR 5aha ra?edhi Hin Hing A -oetida HingR $agharni HingR Hingda HingR :ngu *ng (ayam HingR HiraR Hing HenguR Hingu Hing Perungayam :ngu?a HitleetR Hing

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oundedR -lattened or ma e o- agglutinated tear R greyi hH;hite to dull yello;R mo tly 12H2/ mm in diameterR -re hly e%po ed ur-a,eR yello;i h and tran lu,ent or milKy ;hiteR opaLueR lo;ly +e,oming pinKR redR -inally reddi h +ro;nR odourR trongR ,hara,teri ti, and per i tentR ta teR +itter and a,rid!

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H

:denti-i,ation (:" #re hly +roKen ur-a,e ;hen tou,hed ;ith ulphuri, a,id a +right red or reddi hH +ro;n ,olour i produ,edR ,hanging to ?iolet ;hen a,id ;a hed o-- ;ith ;ater!
,)

(::" &oil 4!2 g ;ith 2 ml Hydro,hlori, a,id -or a+out 1 minuteR ,oolR dilute ;ith an eLual ?olume o- ;aterR and -ilter into ' ml o- dilute olution o- AmmoniaR -luore ,en,e i produ,ed!

A+ en,e o- ,olophony re inSH9riturate 1 g ;ith 14 ml o- Light Petroleum (+!p! .4>H24>" -or 2 minute R -ilter into a te t tu+e and add to the -iltrate 14 ml o- a -re h 4!/ per ,ent ;\? aLueou olution o- ,opper a,etateR haKe ;ell and allo; the liLuid to eparateR petroleum layer doe not ho; any green ,olourR indi,ating a+ en,e o,olophony re in!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e A55AA Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1/ ' /4 /4 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

Pla,e a+out / g a,,urately ;eighedR in a mall +eaKer -urni hed ;ith a gla rodR and tared add /4 ml o- Al,ohol (64 per ,ent"R and +oil gently! #ilter the hot olution through a tared -ilter paper and +oil the re idue ;ith -urther Luantitie o- Al,ohol (64 per ,ent"Q unitl all olu+le matter i remo?edR u ing the gla rod to di integrate the olu+le matter! 8a h the -ilter paper ;ith hot al,ohol (64 per ,ent" tran -er the paper to the +eaKerR dry the 144`R and ;eigh! 9heH re idue ;eigh not more than /4 per ,ent o- the original ample taKen!
CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR gum and re in! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu IiKWZa >WZa (aUu AnulomanaR DXpanaR HYdyaR (YmighnaR PP,anaR 0u,yaR $PtaKaphapraTamana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Hi]g?PWUaKa CVYZaR Hi]g?Pdi CVrZaR Hi]gu?a,PdV C VrZa

,7

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlarogaR dhmPnaR GulmaR HYdrogaR (YmirogaR >dararogaR gnimPndyaR nPha DO5* H 12/H/44 mg o- the drug!

,,

''! Jataman i (0@!"

JA9MF5)

JatPmPd X ,on i t o- dried rhi@ome o- Nardo ta,hy Gataman i DC!(#am! $aleriana,eae" R an erre,t perennial her+R 14H24 ,m high gro;ing at an altitude o'444H/444 m on the u+Halpine Himalayan tra,t !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S MPd XR JaPR JailP Jataman iR Jatamang hi Jatamam i Nardu root &aal,hadR (ali,had &al,hara &hootaGataR Ganagila ma te &hutiGata Man,hiR Jataman,hi Jataman i Jataman i &illilotanR &al,hharR Chharguddi JatamanGi Jatamam 5um+ulHutHtee+

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Dried rhi@ome darK +ro;nR 2!/H1!/ ,m longR ,ylindri,alR ,o?ered ;ith reddi hH +ro;n -i+re -orming a net ;orKR ;hi,h are Keleton o- heathing lea- +a e R -ra,tureR +rittleR internal ,olour reddi hH+ro;nR ,olourR trongly aromati,R ta teR a,ridR lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orK ,on i ting o- 2H/ layer o- ,ell -illed ;ith oil glo+ule R ,orte% ,hara,teri ed +y the pre en,e o- ,hi@ogenou ,anal R phloem in -orm opat,he o- mall ,ell R ,am+ium ring di tin,t and ,ontinuou R %ylem ,on i t o- ?e le R ,attered indi?idually or in ro; o- t;o or three ?e el R ;ith ,alari-orm thi,KeningR older rhi@ome ho; one or more tellate haped ring o- inter%ylary and medullary ,orKR ,ompletely or in,ompletely eparating the rhi@ome into -our to nine ?a ,ular trand +y Goining outer ,orKR ea,h eparated trand en,ir,led +y a -e; layer o- ,orK ,ell
,8

,on i ting o- an outer ,orte% @one -ollo;ed +y t;o or more -un,tional ?a ,ular +undle R ti ue in +et;een the trand u ually nonH-un,tional e%,ept -or the ,orK ,ell ;hi,h a,t a torage organ -or oil glo+ule! :D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9HH :denti-i,ationH5haKe a+out 2 g o- the po;der ;ith / ml o- Al,ohol (34 per ,ent" -or ten minute and -ilterR Pla,e one drop o- the -iltrate on a -ilter paperR dry and e%amine under ultraH?iolet lightR a +rightR +lui hH;hite -luore ,ene i ?i i+le!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya Laghu 7Xta (aUu MedhyaR 9ridoWanutR $arZyaR NidrPGananaR (uWhaghna! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than / per ,entR Appendi% 6 per ,entR Appendi% / per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% / per ,entR Appendi% 4!1 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil and re inuou matter!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JaUPmPd yarKa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR (uWUhaR $i arpaR MPna arogaR AnidrP DO5* H 2H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm! /H14 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

,-

'.! Jatiphala (5d!"

J9)PHALA

JPtXphala ,on i t o- the endo perm o- dried eed (Kernel o- -ruit " o- Myri ti,a -ragran Houtt! (#am! Myri ti,a,eae"R dioe,iou or o,,a ionally monoe,iou aromati, treeR a+out 14H24 m highR -ound mo tly in 9amil Nadu and to ome e%tent in (eralaR Andhra Prade h and A am!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S JPtiTa yaR JPtXphala JaiphalR (ani?i h JaiphalaR Jaitri Nutmeg JaiphalaR Jay-ar Jaiphal JadiKaiR JayKaiR JaidiKai Ja-al JatiKa Jaiphal Jaiphal Jaiphal 5athiKKaiR JathiKKaiR JatiKKaiR JadhiKaiR JadhiKKai JaGiKaya Jau@+u;aR Jaiphal

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5eed ellip oidR 24H'4 mm long and a+out 24 mm +roadR e%ternally greeni hH +ro;n ometime marKed ;ith mall irregular darK +ro;n pat,he or minute darK point and line lightly -urro;ed reti,ulatelyR a mall lightH,oloured area at one end indi,ating the po ition o- the radi,le a groo?e running along the line o- raphe to the darKer ,hala@a at the oppo ite endR urrounded +y a thin layer o- peri perm ;ith in-olding appearing a darK rumination in the a+undant greyi hH+ro;n endo permR em+ryoR in an irregular ,a?ityR mall ;ith t;o ;idely preading ,rumpled ,otyledon and a mall radi,le odourR trong and aromati,R ta teR pungent and aromati,!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- endo perm ho; peripheral peri permR o- e?eral layer otronglyR -lattened polyhederal ,ell ;ith +ro;n ,ontent R or ,ontaining pri mati, ,ry tal R inner layer o- peri perm o- thinH;alled paren,hyma a+out .4 = thi,KR in-olding into the ti ue o- the endo perm to -orm the rumination ,ontaining numerou R ?ery large
,(

oil ,ell ;ith +ro;n ,ell ;all R ?a ,ular trand R in the peripheral regionR numerou mall piral ?e el R large ,elledR endo permR paren,hymatou 8ith o,,a ional tannin idio+la t ;ith thin +ro;n ;all R ,ontaining numerou impleR rounded and ,ompound tar,h grain R ;ith upto a+out 14 ,omponent u ually 2H3 indi?idual grain R upto 24 = in diameter pre entR mo t o- the ,ell ;ith ,ry talline -at and o-ten a large aleurone grain in ea,h ,ellR ,ontaining a rhom+i, protein ,ry tal upto 12 = and mall aleurone grain ;ith le regular ,ry talloid R em+ryoR o- hri?elled and ,ollap ed paren,hyma!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e *ther olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu DXpanaR GrPhXR $YWyaR MuKhadaurgandhyanPTaKaR (apha?PtPpana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 4!/ per ,entR Appendi% 11 per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2/ per ,entR Appendi% / per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!3 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil and -i%ed oil!

MuKhaKledanPTaKaR

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JPtXphalPdi CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Ati PraR 7?P aR ChardiR (P aR PXna aR GrahaZXR MuKharogaR 7uKrameha DO5* H 4!/ H 1!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

8*

'/! (ampilla (#rt!"

(AMP:LLA

(ampilla ,on i t o- gland and hair o- -ruit o- Mallotu philippinen i Muell ! Arg! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"R a ?ery ,ommon perennial hru+ or mall tree -ound in outer Himalaya a ,ending to 1/44 mR mature -ruit ,olle,ted in #e+ruaryHMar,hR reddi h +ro;n po;der ,olle,ted in ,loth +y haKing and ru++ing the -ruit ;ith hand !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 0aGanaKaR (ampillaKa Lo,han (amlagudi (amala (apilo (a+ila (apilaR ChandrahettuR (apilathettu (ameelaK (ampippalaR (ampipalu 5hendriR (apila (amalagundi (amila (amalaR (ampila (ampillamu (amila

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, +" Mi,ro ,opi,

#ineR granular po;derR dullHred or madderHred ,olouredR -loating on ;ater!

>nder mi,ro ,ope gland appear depre ed and glo+ularR ,ontaining deepHred ,oloured re inR e,reted +y many ,lu+ haped ,ell radiating -rom a ,ommon ,entreR a num+er o- tellate tri,home pre entR tri,home thi,KH;alledR +ran,hing ligni-ied ;ith mooth margin R yello; ,olouredR arranged in mall radiating group !
2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% . per ,entR Appendi% /4 per ,entR Appendi% 1!4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter Not more than 9otal A h Not more than A,idHin olu+le a h Not more than Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than
8'

CON59:9>*N95 H 0e inou ,olouring matter (rottlerin"! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu (YmighnaR $raZPpahaR $ire,ana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DhPn?antara GhYtaR MiTraKa 5neha! 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H dhmPnaR GulmaR (YmirogaR $i+andhaR $raZa DO5* H 4!/H1!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm! NoteH 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore u eR a de ,ri+ed in Appendi%!

8.

'2! (an,hanara (5t!&K!"

(DCAN0A

(Pa,anPra ,on i t o- the driedR tem +arK o- &auhinia ?ariegata &lume (#am! Legumino ae"S a medium i@ed tree o,,urring in u+HHimalayan tra,t e%tending ea t;ard to A amR *a ternR Central and 5outh :ndia! 5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (Pa,anPraKa (an,anR (an,han (an,hanaR 0aKta (an,hana Mountain *+ony ChampaKatiR (an,hnarR (a,hnar (a,hanarR (an,hanarR (a,hnar (eyumandarR (an,ha?ala (alad Chu?anna Mandharam (an,hanaR 0aKtaKan,ana (a,hanaR (aniara (an,hnar 5igappu mandaraiR 5ihappu mantarai De?a (an,hanam HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

&arKR darK +ro;nR ometime ;ith il?ery pat,he R roughR ,ompa,tR e%-oliating in ;oody trip and ,ale R outer ur-a,e ;ith mall tran ?er e and longitudinal ,ra,K R internal ur-a,e ;hiteR ta teR a tringent

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature tem +arK ho; a ;ide trati-ied ,orKR outer ,orK ,ompo ed o- thinH;ailedR lightly ,ompre edR yello; +ro;n ,ell -ollo;ed +y a num+er o- layer o- +ro;n ,oloured ,ell R inner ,orK ,ompo ed o- tran ?er ely elongated orange +ro;n ,ell R ,orK interrupted at ,ertain pla,e due to -ormation o- rhytidomaR ome e,ondary ,orte% ,ompo ed or 1/ or more ro; or tran ?er ely elongated to ,ir,ularR thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell R ome e,ondary ,orte% ,ell ,ontain orange +ro;n ,ontent S group o- tone ,ell -ound ,attered in thi region o,,a ionally arranged in 1H1 or more tangential ro; R peri,y,li, -i+re R thi,KH;alled ;ith narro; lumenR ,attered in e,ondary ,orte% in ingle or in group R e,ondary phloem ,on i t o- ie?e tu+e R ,ompanion ,ell R phloem paren,hyma and -i+re tra?er ed +y -unnel haped medullary
80

ray R phloem -i+re arranged in radial ro; throughout phloem regionR pri mati, and rhom+oidal ,ry tal or ,al,iumR o%alate a+undantly -ound in phloem and e,ondary ,orte% region R ?ery rarely -ound in ,orK ,ell R ,lu ter ,ry tal al o pre ent in e,ondary ,orte% and e,ondary phloemR ,ry tal -i+re al o -ound in e,ondary phloem! Po;der H pinKi hR under mi,ro ,ope ho;ing a+undant ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ,1er,id in ingle or in group ;ith ;ide lumenR +it o- -i+re R ,orK and e,ondary ,orte% ,ell R ,ontaining ,oloured ,ontentR and numerou ,ry tal -i+re
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin ! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu DXpanaR GrPhXR 9rXdoWaharaR GaZ[a?Yddhihara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 11 per ,entR Appendi% 4!2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (Pa,anPraguggulu 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Apa,XR GaZ[amPlPR (YmirogaR $raZaR Guda+hradTa DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

8)

'1! (anKola (#rt!"

;oodyR ,lim+ingR perennial ;ith dioe,eou -lo;er in piKeR ,ulti?ated to a mall e%tent in :ndiaR pe,ially in the (arnataKa tateR -ruit ,olle,ted ;hen mature +ut till unripe and ,are-ully dried!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (a]KolaKaR CinoWaZaR CinatXKWZaR (aKKolaR (a]KoliKP (aKKolR (a+a+,heni (aha+,+iniR 5ugandhamari,ha Cu+e+ R 9ailed Pepper ChanaKa+a+R ChiniKa+a+ 5eetal,hiniR (a+a+,hini Gandhamena uR &alamena u (u h-alR (a+a+,hini CheenamulaKuR 9aKKolamR $almulaKu (anKol (a+a+,hini (a+a+,hiniR 5ard,hini $aali milaKuR $almilagu Chala?amiriyaluR 9oKamiriyalu (a+a+,hini

(AE(OLA (a]Kola ,on i t o- matureR dried -ruit o- Piper ,u+e+a Linn!-! (#am! Pipera,eae"R

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit ;rinKledR roundedR /H1 mm in diameterR light +ro;n to darK +ro;nR a+out 1 mm long talK atta,hedR peri,arp red to lightly +ro;nR te ta -u ed ;ith peri,arpR -ruit hard and tony al+umen ;hite and oilyR odourR aromati, end ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR pungent and lightly +itter! 9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; an outer layer o- epidermi R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith thi,K ,uti,leR a ra; o- 2H/ mallR ,ru hedR +ro;n and thi,KH;alled ,ell +elo;R me o,arp ,ompo ed o- largeR thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell R oil ,ell and ?a ,ular +undle R endo,arp o- multiHlayered ,lereid hea?ily ligni-ied ;ith narro; lumenR te ta and tegmen ,ompo ed o- elongated ,ell tegmen ,ell hyaline and Kernel ,ell greyi h in ,olour!
87

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu DXpanaR (apha?PtaharaR MuKhadaurgandhyahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 1 1. 11 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil (,u+e+in"!

PP,anaR

0u,yaR

$a tiTodhanaR

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H DaTamVlPriWaR (umPryP a?a 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR Aru,iR MVtraKY,,hraR MVKharoga DO5* H 1H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

8,

'3! (antaKari (8!P!"

(AEIA(0)

(a]aKPrX ,on i t o- matureR dried ;hole plant o- 5olanum uratten e &urm! -!R 5yn! 5olanum %antho,arpum 5,hrad ! O 8endl R (#am! 5olana,eae"R perennialR ?ery pri,Kly di--u ed her+ o- ;a te landR -ound throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit Du parTP A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S $yPghrXR NidigdhiKPR (WudrPR (anUaKPriKPR DhP?anXR NidigdhPR (at?aedanaR (antaKar (antaKari #e+ri-uge plant &haringani (ataiR (ataliR 0inganiR &hataKataiyaR ChhotiKateri NelagullaR (iragulla (ath (antaKari ,hunda &hauringaniR (ataringani &heGi+auganaR AnKaratiR ChaKada &hoGi (andiari (andangatriR (andanKatriR (andanghathiri NelamulaKaR PinnamulaKaR MulaKaR ChinnamulaKaR $aKudu HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0ootH14H./ ,m longR -e; mm to t;o ,m in diameterR almo t ,ylindri,al and taperingR +earing a num+er o- -ine longitudinal and -e; tran ?er e ;rinKle ;ith o,,a ional ,ar or a -e; lenti,el and mall rootlet R tran ?er ely moothened ur-a,e ho; a thin +arK and ;ide ,ompa,t ,ylinder o- ;oodR -ra,tureR hortR ta teR +itter! 5temHher+a,eou R pri,Kly ;ith prominent node and internode R green ;hen -re hR young +ran,he R ,o?ered ;ith numerou hair R mature one gla+rou R -urro; more prominent in young tem appearing almo t ,ir,ular to;ard +a al regionR tem pie,e 3H14 mm thi,K o- ?aria+le lengthR e%ternal ur-a,e light greenR ;hen dryR ur-a,e yello;i h green and moothR tran ?er ely moothened ur-a,e ho; a ?ery thin +arK and prominent ;oodR ,entre ho; a large and di tin,tR pithR mr ture and dry tem o-ten ;ith hollo; pithR -ra,ture hort to lightly -i+rou !
88

Lea?e HpetiolateR e% tipulateR o?ateHHo+long or ellipti,R inuate or u+Hpinnati-idR u+H a,ute hairyR .H12!/ ,m long and 2H1!/ ,m ;ideR greenR ?ein and midri+ -ull ;ith harp pri,Kle R odour and ta te not di tin,t! #lo;erH e+ra,teateR pedi,ellateR +i e%ualR pentamerou R regularR ,ompleteR +right +lue or +lui h purpleR ,aly%Hper i tentR gamo epalou R tu+e hortR glo+o eR linearHlan,eolateR a,uteR hairyR 4!/H1 !' ,m long and den ely pri,KlyR ,orollagamopetalou R lo+e deltoidR a,uteR hairyR 1H2 ,m long and purple in ,olourR tamen /R epipetalou R +a i-i%edR -ilament hort 1H1!/ mm longR antherR o+long lan,eolateR 4!1H4!3 ,m longR o?ary uperiorR o?oidR gla+rou R +ilo,ular ;ith a%ile pla,entation ha?ing numerou o?ule ! #ruitH&erry glo+ularR mea uring 4!3H1 ,m in diameterR urrounded +y per i tent ,aly% at +a e unripe -ruit ?ariegated ;ith green and ;hite trip R ripe -ruit ho; di--erent yello; and ;hite hade ! 5eed H,ir,ularR -latR numerou R em+edded in a -le hy me o,arp a+out 4! 2 ,m in diameterR gla+rou ta teR +itter and a,rid!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

0ootH tran ?er e e,tion o- mature root ho; ,orK ,ompo ing o- 'H2 layer o- thinH ;alledR re,tangular and tangentially elongated ,ell R ,orK ,am+ium ingle layered -ollo;ed +y 2H1/ layer o- thinH;alledR tangentially elongated to o?al or ,ir,ular paren,hymatou ,ell R tone ,ell either ingle or in group o- 2H24 or e?en more pre ent in thi regionR e,ondary phloem ,ompo ed o- ie?e element and phloem paren,hyma tra?er ed +y medullary ray R tone ,ell pre ent in ingle or in group o- 2H24 or more in outerR and middle phloem region R phloem ray 1H. ,ell ;ide and 2H22 ,ell highR ,am+ium 'H/ layered o- thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell R %ylem ,ompo ed o- ?e el R tra,heid R -i+re tra,hied R paren,hyma and tran ?er ed +y medullary ray R all element +eing ligni-iedR ?e el and tra,heid ;ith +ordered pit R -i+re ;ith a -e; imple pit R %ylem paren,hyama re,tangular or lightly elongated ;ith imple pit and rarely ;ith reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem ray 1H' ,ell ;ide and 1H24 ,ell highR mi,ro phenoidal ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate a andy ma e and imple tar,h grain pre ent in e,ondary ,orte%R phloem and medullary ray ! 5temHtran ?er e e,tion o- mature temR 1!/H2 ,m thi,K ,on i t o- 2H12 layer o- ,orK othinH ;alled ome;hat re,tangular ,ell R epidermi remain inta,t -or a long timeR e,ondary ,orte% ,on i t o- 1H11 layer o- paren,hymatou ,ell R ome ,ell thi,Kened and ligni-ied -orming tone ,ell primary ,orte% remain inta,t e?en in Luite mature tage +ut later get ,ru hedR peri,y,li, -i+reR o,,ur ingly or in mall group o- 2H'R e,ondary phloem ,on i t o- ie?e element R paren,hyamaR a -e; -i+re R tone ,ell and tra?er ed +y phloem ray R -i+re -ound ,attered in ingle or in mall group in outer and middle phloem regionR inner phloem de?oid o- -i+re R tone ,ell pre ent in ingle or in mall group o- 2H.R phloem ray R 1H2 or rarely ' ,ell ;ideR ,am+ium ,ompo ed o8-

2H' layer R %ylem ,on i t o- ?e el R tra,heid R paren,hymaR -i+re and tra?er ed +y %ylem ray R ?e el ?ary grea tly in hape and i@e and ho; +ordered pit R tra,heid elongated ;ith irregular ;all and +ordered pit R -i+re mu,h elongatedR thi,KH;alled and ligni-ied ;ith tapering and pointed end R ome ha?ing trun,ated end or +i-ur,ated at one or +oth end ;ith a -e; imple pit R tran,heid -i+re maller than -i+re R ;ith +oth end tapering and ha?e reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem paren,hyma ,u+i,al to re,tangular ;ith imple or +ordered pit or reti,ulate thi,KeningR %ylem ray ,on pi,uou +y their pitted thi,Kening R longer i@e and radial elongation o- ,ell R 1H2 or rarely ' ,ell ;ide and 2H2/ ,ell highR internal phloem ,ompo ed o- ie?e element and paren,hymaR -orming more or le ,ontinuou +and and em+edded in perimedullary @oneR a -e; phloem -i+re imilar to tho e o- outer phloem region al o pre entR ,entral region o,,upied +y a large pithR mi,ro phenoidal ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate a andy ma e and imple tar,h grain pre ent in ,orte%R e,ondary ,orte%R phloemR medullary ray and pith ,ell ! Lea?e H PetioleHtran ?er e e,tion o- petiole ho; ,ir,ular to ;a?y outline R epidermi ingle layeredR ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR hypodermi ,on i t o- 'H. layer o,ollen,hymatou R ,ell R one largeH,re ,entH hapedR +i,ollateralR ,entral ?a ,ular +undle and t;o mall lateral +undle pre entR re t o- ti ue o- petiole ,ompo ed o- polygonalR angularR thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell R epidermi ho; mo tly tellate and rarely urn to tri,ellular hair !

Midri+Htran ?er e e,tion o- midri+ ho; a +i,on?e% tru,tureR epidermi on either ide ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR +elo; epidermi 'H. layer o- ,ollen,hyma pre entR tele ,ompo ed o- ,re ,entH hapedR +i,ollateralR ,entral ?a, ,ular +undle and t;o mall lateral ?a ,ular +undle R re t o- ti ue ,ompo ed o- thinH;alledR paren,hymaR ome tellate hair pre ent on epidermi ! LaminaHtran ?er e e,tion ho; dor i?entral tru,tureR epidermi on either ideR ;a?y in outlineR ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR on upper ide me ophyll ,ompo ed o- a ingle layered pali ade and .H2 layer o- loo ely arranged pongy paren,hymaR ome tellate hair (.H3 armed" pre ent on +oth ide o- epidermi R ani o,yti, tomata pre ent on +oth ur-a,e R ?einHi let num+er .2H34 on lo;er epidermi (mean 2'"R 21H34 on upper epidermi (mean 14"R tomatal inde% 24H2/ (mean 22!/" on lo;er epidermi R 1.H2. (mean 16" on upper epidermi R pali ade ratio 1!1H. (mean 2 !3/"! #ruitHtran ?er e e,tion o- mature -ruit ho; ingle layered epidermi R ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thin ,uti,leR 1H2 layer o- ,ollan,hyma pre ent +elo; epidermi R me o,arp ,ompo ed o- thinH;alledR o?al to polygonal ,ell R ome -i+re!R ?a ,ular +undle pre ent ,atteredR eed ,on i t o- thi,KH;alled radially elongated te taR narro; endo perm ;ith em+ryoR ome ,ell o- endo perm ,ontain oil glo+ule !
8(

Po;der H Greeni hR under mi,ro ,ope ho; ingle or group o- tone ,ell R group oa eptate -i+re ;ith tapering end R pitted ?e el R group o- pongy paren,hymaR -ragment o- pali ade ti ueR ani o,yti, tomataR tellate hair and impleR rounded to o?al tar,h grain mea uring 2!1/H11 = in dia!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu 7othaharaR DXpanaR PP,anaR madoWanPTaKaR (aZUhya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 6 ' 2 12 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Glu,oalKaloid and terol !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (aZaKPryP?alehaR Paa,atiKtaKa GhYtaR $yPghriharXtaKX 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR 7?P aR J?araR (P aR PXna aR 5?ara+hedaR PPrT?aTVla DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

-*

'6! (anya ara (L-!"

(ANA50A

(anyP Pra ,on i t o- dried Gui,e o- lea?e o- Aloe +ar+aden i Mill! 5yn! Aloe ?era 9ourn!e% LinnR Aloe indi,a 0oyle! (#am! Lilia,eae"R hru+ planted in many :ndian garden and -ound gro;ing throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (umPrXra a am+ha?aR 5ahP Pra Mu a+harR Ma,ham+ar GhritaKalmi :ndian Aloe *liyoR *ariyo Mu a+harR *l?a (ari+olaR Lole ara at?aR Lo?al araR Lole ara Mu a++arR 5i+er ChenninayaKam (orphad Mu a+ara (ala ohagaR Mu a+arR Alua (atta@hiR 5atthuKKatha@hai Mu am+aram Mu a++arR Aili?aR 5i+er

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, +" Mi,ro ,opi,

DarK ,ho,olate +ro;nR to +la,KR ,ompa,tR irregular ma e S ur-a,e dullR opaLue ;ith lightly ?itreou appearan,eR odourR ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR nau eou and +itter! Po;der ;hen mounted in gly,erin or la,tophenol and e%amined under the mi,ro ,ope ho; innumera+le ,ry tallineR yello;i hH+ro;n to ,ho,olate ,oloured parti,le o- ?arying i@e and hape! :D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9HH :denti-i,ationS Mi% 4!/ g ;ith /4 ml o- ;aterR +oil until nearly di ol?edR ,oolR add 4!/ g o- (ie elguhr and -ilterR to the -iltrate apply the -ollo;ing te t H
-'

(i" Heat / ml o- -iltrate ;ith 4!2 g o- &ora% until di ol?edR add a -e; drop o- thi olution to a te tHtu+e nearly -illed ;ith 8aterR a green -luore ,en,e i produ,ed! (ii" Mi% 2 ml o- -iltrate ;ith 2 ml o- a -re hly prepared olution o- &romineR a pale yello; pre,ipitate i produ,ed!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter Not more than 9otal A h Not more than A,idHin olu+le a h Not more than Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than Moi ture ,ontent Not more than ;hen dried to ,on tant ;eight at 14/> C 2!2!6 CON59:9>*N95 H AnthraLuinoneR gly,o ide P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu >WZa >WZa (aUu &hedXR PittanirharaZaR 0aGahpra?artaKaR J?aranut! 2 / 2 34 24 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'! per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!.! per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1! 14 per ,entR Per ,ent o- it ;eight

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 0aGahpra?artinX $aUXR CuKKumtippalyPdi GuUiKP 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H J?araR >dararogaR (aWUPrta?aR AaKYd?iKPra DO5* H 12/ H /44 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!

-.

.4! (aranGa (5d!"

?ent!(#am! Legumino ae"Ra medium i@ed gla+rou tree ;ith a hort +ole and preading ,ro;n and -ound almo t throughout :ndia upto an altitude o- 1244 m!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (araaGaKaR NaKtamPlaR NaKtPh?aR GhYtaKaraaGa (ora,h Nata (aranGaR Dahara (aranGa 5mooth lea?ed pongamia (anaGoR (aranGi DithouriR (aruaini HongeR Hulagilu (ath A?ittalR >nguR >nuR Pungu (aranGa (arnGa (aranG PunganR Pongana LamigaR (anuga (aranG

(A0ADJA (araaGa ,on i t o- eed o- Pongamia pinnata (Linn!" MerrR 5yn! Pongamia gla+ra

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5eed u ually one and rarely t;oR ellipti, or reni-orm in hapeR 1!1H2!4 ,m long and 1!2H1!3 ,m +roadR ;rinKled ;ith reddi h leathery te taR mi,ropylar end o- ,otyledon lightly depre ed ;hile other ide emiH,ir,ular in hape!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- eed ho; R te ta ,ompo ed o- a layer o- pali ade liKe outer epidermi R -illed ;ith +ro;n pigmentR ,o?ered e%ternally ;ith a thi,K ,uti,leR a layer olargeR thin ;alledR ome;hat re,tangular ,ell R 2H. layer o- thi,KH;alled paren,hyma ,ell R a -e; ro; o- ,ell ;ith mall interH,ellular pa,e R 2H' layer o- thi,KH;alled elongated ,ell R a -e; layer o- pongy paren,hyma ha?ing large interH,ellular pa,e R a num+er o- paren,hyma ,ell ,ontaining +ro;n pigmentR ,otyledon ,ompo ed o- outer layer o- epidermi ;ith ,ylindri,al ,ell R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith thin ,uti,leR epidermi -ollo;ed +y re,tangular to polygonal ,ell o- me ophyllR -illed ;ith glo+ule R al o pre ent ,attered in thi region!
-0

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta IiKWZa >WZa (aUu (YmiGitR (uWhaghnaR (apha?PtaghnaR $raZaTodhana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 4!1 per ,entR Appendi% 2' per ,entR Appendi% 1' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR -la?one and tra,e o- e ential oil!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H rag?adhPdi (?Pth CVrZaR PathyPdilepa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H $raZaR (YmiR (uWUha! DO5* H 4!2/ g o- the drug in po;der -orm! /H14 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

-)

.1! (ara?ira (L-!"

5oland (#am!Apo,yna,eae"R a large e?ergreen ;oody hru+ ;ith milKy Jui,eR -ound throughout the year in upper Gangeti, plain R Himalaya R -rom Nepal to (a hmir upto 2444 m! Central and 5outhern :ndiaR al o ,ulti?ated near temple and garden !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S HayamPraKaR HarapriyaR AT?amPra! (ar+iraR (ara?iR (ar?ir (ara?iR (alKephul :ndian Oleander (aneraR (arenaR (aren (aner (anagaluR (anagile GandeelaR Gandula (ana?e eramR AraliR (attalari (anher (aniaraR (aniar (aner AraliR AlariR Aatrulari Ganneru (aner

(A0A$)0A (ara?Xra ,on i t o- dried lea?e o- Nerium indi,um Mill! 5yn! Nerium odorum

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Lea?e e% tipulateR linearR lan,eolateR 14H24 ,m long and upto 2!/ ,m ;ideR thi,KR darK green and hining a+o?e and dotted +eneathR ?enation uni,o tateR reti,ulate ;ith midri+ +eing tout and the e,ondary ?ein ari ing in ?ery large num+erR running parallelR tomata anamo,yti,!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

PetioleHtran ?er e e,tion o- petiole ho; a ingle layer o- epidermi ,o?ered e%ternally +y thi,K ,uti,leR epidermal ,ell elongate to -orm uni,ellularR nonHligni-ied and nonH glandular hair R a ;ide @one o- ,orte%R ,ompo ed o- .H1 layer o- ,ollen,hymatou ,ell and a 8ide @one o- paren,hyma -ollo; the epidermi R paren,hymatou ,ell thinH ;alledR more or le i odiametri, ;ith inter,ellular pa,e R ome ,ell ,ontain ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR petiole re,ei?e three ?a ,ular +undle -rom temR ,entral one large and ,re ,ent haped ;hile other t;o mu,h maller and ome;hat ,ir,ular
-7

pre ent on ea,h ide o- ,entral ?a ,ular +undleR phloem pre ent on upper ide and %ylem on lo;er 5ide 8ith u ual element !

LaminaHtran ?er e e,tion o- lamina ho; an i o+ilateral tru,tureR upper epidermi ,ompo ed o- penta or he%agonal paren,hymatou ,ell R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith thi,K ,uti,leR +elo; upper epidermi ! 2H' layer o- hypodermi pre entR pali ada 'H. layered ,ompo ed o- elongated and ,ompa,tly arranged ,ell R ?a ,ular trand al o een in +et;een pali ade and pongy paren,hymaR pongy paren,hyma -illed ;ith ,hlorophyllR to;ard lo;er ur-a,e 2H' layered pali adeR +elo; ;hi,h paren,hyma and lo;er epidermi pre entR lo;er epidermi al o ,oated ;ith the ,uti,le e%ternallyR in lo;er ur-a,e many pit po e ing tomataR uni,ellularR nonHglandular and nonHligni-ied tri,home R ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate pre ent throughout laminaR a?erage pali ade ratio .S 1! Midri+Htran ?er e e,tion o- midri+ ho; epidermi ,ompo ed o- a layer o- ,ell R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,leR ome epidermal ,ell on upper and lo;er ide -orm uni,ellular hair R +et;een epidermi and paren,hyma 2H. ro; o- thi,KH;alled ,ell R more prominent to;ard lo;er ideR ome paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontain ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR lati,i-er -ound ,attered ingly or in group o- 2 in thi regionR +eneath the ?a ,ular +undle a n ip o- -i+re pre entR ?a ,ular +undle ^>^ hapedR %ylem +eing to;ard lo;er ide and phloem to;ard the upper ,on i t o- tra,heid R ?e el and paren,hymaR ?e el ;ith endHopening R rarely ;ith ide opening tra,heid many ;ith piralR annular or reti,ulate thi,Kening on their ;all !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu 7?P aharaR CaKWuWyaR (YmighnaR (aZ[VghnaR (uWhaghnaR $raZPpahaR J?arPpaha
-,

Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than

12 6 1 24 24

per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Cardia, glu,o ide (oleandrin"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (P X Pdi 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H HYdrogaR J?araR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR NetrarogaR $raZaR 9amaKaT?P a DO5* H '4H12/ mg o- the drug in po;der -orm! fDo e hould not e%,eed the higher limit! NO9*H5odhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore u e a de ,ri+ed in the appendi%!

-8

.2! (arKata hringi (Gall!"

(A0(AIA7JEG:

(arKaaTY]gi ,on i t o- gallHliKe e%,re ,en,e -ormed +y in e,t on the lea?e R petiole and +ran,he o- the plant Pi ta,ia ,hinen ia &urgoR Pi ta,ia integerrima 5te;! e% &randi R 0hu u,,edanea Linn! (#am! Ana,ardia,eae" during autumn ea onR gro;ing on the tep o- 8e tern Himalaya -rom :ndu to (umaon at an altitude o- '/4H2.44 mR o-ten ,ulti?ated in PunGa+ plain !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 7Y]giR $iWPniR (arKaUa (aKia rngi (anKda 5hringi Cra+^ ,la; (aKada hingR (aKada ingi (aKada ingiR (aKara ingiR GheeKada?a (aKada ingiR (arKataKa ringi (aKKarR (amaladina (arKata ringi (aKad hingi (aKada hrungiR (aKada hringi (aKarR (aKar ingi (arKata ingi (aKar ingiR (arKataKa hrungi (aKra inghi

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Dried gall hardR hollo;R hornHliKeR thinH;alledR generally ,ylindri,alR tapering at +oth the end R greyi h +ro;n e%ternally and reddi h +ro;n internallyR i@e ?arie -rom 2!/H'4!4 ,m or moreR ea,h gall ,ontain numerou dead in e,t R odourR tere+inthineR ta te o- po;dered gall R trongly a tringent and lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- gall ho; the ,ollap ed epidermi on +oth the ide R epidermal ,ell thinH;alledR tangentially elongatedR ground ti ue thinH;alled and o?al or ,ir,ularR the outer t;o layer tangentially elongated ;hile +et;een ?a ,ular +undle radially elongatedR outer -e; layer and ome o- ,ell o- ground ti ue -illed ;ith yello;i h +ro;n ,ontent R ?a ,ular +undle ,attered throughout the ground ti ue in t;o ro; R ,on i t o- phloem a,,ompanied +y a large tannin a, in ea,h ?a ,ular +undle!
--

Po;derHPo;der greyi h +ro;nR under mi,ro ,opeR ho; orange yello; ,olour i olated or a o,iated -ragment o- %ylem ?e el and ground ti ue !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya Guru >WZa (aUu (P aharaR (apha?PtaharaR =rdh?a?PtaGitR HiKKPnigrahaZa Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 4!2 per ,entR Appendi% '4 per ,entR Appendi% '4 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR tannin and re inou matter !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H &Pla,atur+hadriKP CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR 7?P aR ChardiR HiKKPR J?araR (P aR (Waya DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

-(

.'! (arpa a (5d!"

(0P5A

(PrpP a ,on i t o- eed (de?oid o- lint" o- Go ypium her+a,eum Linn! (#am! Mal?a,eae" R an annual or perennial hru+R 4!2H2!.m highR e%ten i?ely ,ulti?ated in :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 9uZ[aKeTi (arpa aR 9ula &onaR (apa ia Cotton plant eed HH (apa aR &inaula HatiR Arale (ath (arpa iR PanGi (arpa am 5arKi HH Lodhar Parutti KKoottam Patti ginga Pam+adanaR Ha++HulHcutn

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, +" Mi,ro ,opi,

5eedR darK +ro;nR o?oidR 4!'H4!2 ,m diameterR minuteR hallo; longitudinal groo?e ari e -rom -uni,ular region o- eedR ta teR lightly +itter! 9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature eed ho; R t;o integument -orming eed ,oatR outer integument di--erentiated into epidermi R a ;ide @one o- paren,hyma and a hyaline layerR epidermi ingle layeredR ome tri,home ari e -rom epidermi and -orm lint and -u@@ hair R lint hair elongated ;ith thin ;all and ;ide lumenR -u@@ hair thi,KH;alled ;ith narro; lumenR paren,hymetou @one ,on i t o- .H3 layer o- reddi hH+ro;n ,ell R a -e; ?a ,ular +undle em+edded in thi @oneR hyaline layer ,on i ting o- 2H' layer otangentially elongatedR ,u+i,alR thi,KH;alled ,ell R inner integument ,ompo ed opali ade and paren,hymaR pali ade ,ell ,ompa,tly arranged and ,olourle R paren,hyma many layered o- tangentially elongated ,ell ;ith deep reddi hH+ro;n ,ontent R ,otyledon thinR large and -oldedR upper epidermi o- ,otyledonR ingle layeredR e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,le -ollo;ed +y 1 or 2 layered pali ade liKe ,ell ome ophyllR +eneath thi @oneR me ophyll ,ell ho; elongated to rounded tru,ture
(*

;ithout interH,ellular pa,e R lo;er epidermi ingle layeredR ,u+i,al or o?alR ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,leR ome ly igenou gland -illed ;ith yello;i hH+ro;n ,ontent al o -ound ,attered in me ophyll regionR tar,h and ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal a+ ent! Po;derH &ro;n under mi,ro ,ope ho; pali ade ,ell R thinH;alled me ophyll ,ell R deep +ro;n ,ontent and hair R pie,e o- te ta and -u@@ inta,t!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S Madhura GuruR 5nigdha 7Xta Madhura HYdyaR $YWyaR 5tanyaGananaR (aphaKara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% / per ,entR Appendi% 4!1 per ,entR Appendi% 1. per ,entR Appendi% 3 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H #i%ed oilR re in and terol !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (PrpP PWh?Pdi 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR 7ramaR &hrPntiR MVr,,hPR 5tanyaKWya DO5* H 'H2 g o- he drug in po;der -orm!

('

..! (a eru (0@!"

,ommonly -ound on the margin o- pond and ;ampy pla,e throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (aTeruKa (aheru (e hura 8ater ,he tnut (a elaR (a ola (a eru (a ure gaddR (a eru?aR (othigadde (ath (a@hi Muthanga (a araR (a,heraR (a,hora (a aru (a;daR (a aru (anda (a eru Gundatigagaddi Guntatungagaddi (a eru

(A7*0> (aTeru ,on i t o- rhi@ome o- 5,irpu Ky oor 0o%+! (#am! Cypera,eae"R a ;eed

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0hi@ome R o?al to ,ylindri,alR o-ten +ran,hed ha?ing a num+er o- tran ?er e ring R +la,K ,oloured root and rounded ,ar R +la,K e%ternally and ,ream ,oloured internallyR odourR aromati,R ta teR +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran?er e e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; epidermi o- ,ollap ed and +ro;n ,oloured ,ell S hypodermi R .H3 ,ell ;ith thi,K +ro;n ,ell ;all R -ollo;ed +y a ;ide @one o,orti,al ground ti ue o- o?al to roundedR thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell R -illed ;ith o?al to pheri,al tar,h grain R en,ir,led +y ,leren,hymatou heathR ?a ,ular +undle R -ound ,attered throughout ,orti,al ground ti ueR endodermi ,on i t o- +ro;n ,oloured ,ell ;ith hea?y thi,Kening on thier ;all R en,lo ing a ;ide ,entral telar ground ti ue ;ith a num+er o- ,attered ?a ,ular +undle o- ,lo edR ,ollateral typeR en,ir,led +y ,leren,hymatou heathR telar ground ti ue o- rounded to o?alR thinH ;alled and paren,hymatou ,ell R ,ontaining o?al to pheri,al tar,h grain R a num+er oe,retory ,ell ;ith orangeH+ro;n ,ontent -ound throughout ,orti,al and telar ground ti ue!
(.

Po;derH Light +ro;nR under mi,ro ,ope ho; a+undant round to o?al tar,h grain and orangeHyello; pigment R -ragment o- %ylem ?e el ;ith annular thi,Kening and thinH ;alledR paren,hymatou ti ue!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR (aWPya Guru 7Xta Madhura CaKWuWyaR GrPhXR PittaghnaR DPhaghnaR 7uKraKaraR 5tanyaKaraR 0u,iKara! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 ' . 6 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 5tar,hR aponin R ugar and proge terone!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5au+hPgyaTuZhUX 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR Ati PraR DPhaR Daur+alyaR NetrarogaR 7uKraKWyaR 5tanyaKWaya DO5* H /H14 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

(0

./! (etaKi (0t!"

(*9A(:

(etaKi ,on i t o- driedR underground root o- Pandanu te,toriu 5oland!e% ParKin on (#am! Pandana,eae"R a den ely +ran,hed hru+R rarely ere,t -ound along the ,oa t o- :ndia and Andaman : land and ometime ,ulti?ated in garden al o!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 5V,iKPpuWpa (atKi (atKi 5,re; pine (e?ado (e?ada (adaGlmuduR 9alehu?u HHHH PooKaitha (e;da (etaKiR (ia (eora 9a@hai Mogali HHHH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oot pie,e R 2H2 ,m longR 4!'H2 ,m in diameterR ,ylindri,alR ru ty or yello;i hH +ro;nR to greyR ur-a,e mooth e%,ept -or protu+eran,e at ,ertain pla,e R papery ,orKR ur-a,e une?enR ea ily peela+le e%po ing a -i+rou ur-a,eR -ra,tureR u ually un+reaKa+le!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature root ho; a ;ide @one o- trati-ied ,orKR e%-oliating at pla,e R ,on i ting o- re,tangularR thinH;alledR tangentially elongatedR radially arranged ,ell R upper -e; layer -illed ;ith reddi hH+ro;n ,ontent R remaining ,ell ,olourle R ,orte%R a ;ide @one o- rounded ,ell ;ith -i+re group to;ard ,entral and middle regionR ,ell o+literated at pla,e R endodermi +arrelH hapedR lightly thi,KH ;alled R peri,y,le and phloem not di tin,tR %ylem -orm +ulK o- root ,on i ting o?e el R -i+re and paren,hymaR medullary ray not di tin,tR ?e el ho; annular or pitted thi,KeningR -i+re thi,KH;alledR elongated ha?ing a -e; imple pit ! Po;derHAello;i hH+ro;nR under mi,ro ,ope ho; -ragment o- ,orK R %ylem ?e el and -i+re !
()

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR (aUuR 9iKta Laghu >WZa (aUu &alyaR (eTyaR 0a PyanaR $arZyaR DaurgandhyanPTanaR DPr[hyaKaraR 5auKhyaKaraR (aphPpahaR CaKWuWya! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 11 2 6 12 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 9riphalPdi 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR NetrarogaR (apharoga! DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

(7

.2! (hadira (Ht!8d!"

(HAD:0A

(hadira ,on i t o- dried pie,e o- heartH;ood o- !A,a,ia ,ate,hu (Linn! -!" 8illd! (#am! Legumino ae"R a moderate i@ed treeR -ound mo tly in dry part o- :ndia! 5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S GPyatri (hariraR (haraR (hayar (heraR (hayera &la,K ,ate,huR Cut,h tree! (hairR (atheR (her (hair (aggaliR (aggalinaraR (a,hinamaraR (oggigida (ath (aringali (hairaR (hair (haira (hair (arungaliR (arungKali ChandraR (a?iri Chan+e (aath

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, +" Mi,ro ,opi,

HeartH;oodR light redR turning +ro;ni hHred to nearly +la,K ;ith ageR atta,hed ;ith ;hiti h ap;oodR -ra,ture hardR ta teR a tringent 9ran ?er e e,tion o- heartH;ood ho; R numerou R uniHto +iH eriate medullary ray R ?e el o,,urring i olated or in mall group o- t;o to -ourR %ylem -i+re ;ith narro; lumen o,,upying maGor portion o- ;oodR %ylem paren,hyma u ually predominantly paratra,healR -orming a heath around ?e el R ;ood ,on i t o- ,ry tal -i+re ;ith 1.H23 egment R ea,h ha?ing one pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR a -e; tra,heid ;ith ,alari-orm thi,KeningR ome o- ,ell R in,luding ?e el R -illed ;ith +ro;n ,ontentR pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate pre ent in a num+er o- ,ell throughout the ;ood! Po;derH &ro;n ,olouredR under mi,ro ,ope ho; a num+er o- %ylem -i+re R ?e el R ,ry tal -i+re R pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium e%alate!
(,

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu (YmighnaR (uWhaghnaR MedoharaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR (aphapittaharaR Dantya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1!2 per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Cate,hinR ,ate,huHtanni, a,id and tannin!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (hadirPriWUaR ArimedPdi 9ailaR (hadirPdi GuUiKP 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR (uWUhaR PramehaR $raZa DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or the de,o,tion!

(8

.1! (iratatiKta (8!P"

Gentiana,eae"R a mallR ere,tR annualR her+a,eou plantR 4!2H1! 2/ m highR -ound in temperate Himalaya at an altitude +et;een 1244H'444 m -rom (a hmir to &hutan and (ha ia Hill in MeghalayaR drug ,olle,ted ;hen -lo;ering (JulyHO,to+er" and dried!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (irPtaR (irPtaKaR &hVnim+aR (irPtatiKtaKa Chirta Chirata Chireta (ariyatuR (ariyatun Chirayata Nale+e?uR Chirata (addiR Chirayat Lo eR Chiraita Nela?eppuR (irayathuR NilamaKanGiram (iraitaR (adu,hiraita Chireita ChirettaR Chiraita Nila?em+u Nela?emu! Chiraita

(:09A9:(9A (irPtatiKta ,on i t o- ;hole plant o- 5;ertia ,hirata &u,h!HamR (#amR

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug ,on i t o- ;hole plantR a pe,uliar hining yello;i h tinge all o?er the her+ in -re h ampleR tem upto 1 m long and 2 mm in diameterR gla+rou R yello;i hH+ro;n to purpli hR lightly Luadrangular a+o?e and ,ylindri,al +elo;R largeR ,ontinuou R ea ily epara+le yello; pithR lea-R oppo iteR ,aulineR +road at +a eR o?ate or lan,eolateR entireR a,uminateR gla+rou R u ually ;ith /H1 prominent lateral ?ein R +ran,hing -rom the a%il o- the lea?e ;hi,h rami-y -urther into pani,ulate in-lore ,en,eR -lo;erR tetramerou R 2H' mm ;ideR o?oidR ;ith t;o glandular depre ion near the +a e o- ea,h o- ,orolla lo+e R o?aryR uperiorR +i,arpellaryR unilo,ularR o?oid and pointedR -ruit! a ,ap ule ;ith numerou R minute reti,ulated eedR 4!2/H4!// mm longR 4!12H4!./ mm +road irregularly o?oid!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

0ootHtran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; R 2H. layer o- ,orKR e,ondary ,orte% repre entee +y .H12 layer o- thi,KH;alledR paren,hymataou ,ell R ome ho;ing radial
(-

;all -ormationR tangentially elongated ;ith inuou ;all R e,ondary phloem ,ompo ed o- thinH;alled trand o- ie?e tu+e R ,ompanion ,ell and phloem paren,hymaR e,ondary %ylem ,ompo ed o- ?e el R tra,heid paren,hyma and %ylem -i+re R all element ligni-ied and thi,KH;alledR in older root R ,entre o- ;ood more or le pongy and hollo; in mo t ,a e R outer ;oody ring remaining trongly ligni-iedR ?e el ho; ,alari-orm thi,Kening and al o imple and +ordered pit R tra,heid imilar in thi,Kening a the ?e el R -i+re ha?e imple pit R mu,ilage pre ent in e,ondary ,orti,al ,ell R minute a,i,ular ,ry tal pre ent in a+undan,e in e,ondary ,orte% and phloem regionR re in al o pre ent a darK +ro;n ma in e,ondary ,orte% ,ell ! 5temHtran ?er e e,tion o- tem ho; ingle layered epidermi R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith a thi,K triated ,uti,le pre ent in young temR in older epidermi remain inta,t +ut ,ell -lattened and tangentially elongatedR -our ri+ al o ,on i t o- an epidermi and paren,hymatou ,orti,al ,ell R endodermi di tin,tR ho;ing anti,linal or peri,linal ;all R -ollo;ed +y ingle layered peri,y,le ,on i ting o- thin ;alled ,ell R tem po e e an amphiphloi, iphono teleR e%ternal phloem repre ented +y u ual element R ,am+ium +et;een e%ternal phloem and %ylem ,ompo ed o- a thin trip o- tangentially elongated ,ell R internal phloem imilar in tru,ture a that o- e%ternal phloem e%,epting that ie?e tu+e trand i more ;idely eparatedR %ylem ,ontinuou and ,ompo ed mo tly o- tra,heid R a -e; %ylem ?e el pre ent ingly or rarely in group o- t;o ;hile tra,heid and -i+re pre ent in a+undan,eR ?e el and -i+re tra,heid ha?e mo tly imple and +ordered pit and -i+re ;ith imple pit on the ;all R medullary ray a+ entR ,entral part o- the tem o,,upied +y a pith ,on i ting o- rounded and i odiametri, ,ell ;ith prominent inter,ellular pa,e mu,ilage pre ent in ,orti,al ,ell R minute a,i,ular ,ry tal al o pre ent in a+undan,eR ,orti,al ,ell R in re in pre ent a darK +ro;n ma in ome ,orti,al ,ell along ;ith oil droplet ! Lea-Htran ?er e e,tion o- lea- ho; ?ery little di--erentiation o- me ophyll ti ue R epidermi ingle layered ,o?ered ;ith a thi,KR triated ,uti,leR more trongly de?eloped on the upper ur-a,e than the lo;erR tomata o- ani o,yti, typeR pali ade ti ue ingle layeredR ,ell at pla,e +e,ome ;ider and le elongated parti,ularly in +igger ?ein R pongy me ophyll repre ented +y .H1 layer o- ome;hat loo ely arrangedR tangentially elongated ,ell R ome epidermal ,ell prominently ar,hed out ide at the marginR mu,ilage pre ent in epidermal and me ophyll ,ell ;hile minute a,i,ular ,ry tal al o pre ent in a+undan,e in me ophyll ,ell R in lea- paren,hyma oil droplet al o pre ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter Not more than 9otal A h Not more than A,idHin olu+le a h Not more than Al,ohol olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than (24 per ,ent" 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not le than
((

2 2 1 14

per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

14 per ,entR Appendi%

A+ en,e o- tanninHOn addition o- #erri, Chloride to aLueou or al,oholi, e%tra,t no +lue +la,K ,olour de?elop ! A ay HContain not le than 1!' per ,entR o- the +itter prin,iple a determined +y the -ollo;ing methodSH Mi% 24 g in po;der (No! 24 ie?e" ;ith +oiling ;ater ,ontaining 4!/ g oCal,ium Cor+onate and e%tra,t ;ith +oiling ;ater till the la t portion o- the e%tra,t i de?oid o- +itterne R ,on,entrate in ?a,uum and di ol?e the re idue in hot Al,ohol! #ilter ;hile hot and ;a h the re idue thri,e on the -ilter ;ith 14 ml portion o- hot Al,oholR remo?e the al,ohol -rom the -iltrate and taKe up the re idue repeatedly ;ith 2/R 1/R 1/R 1/R and 1/ ml o- hot ;ater! 5haKe the aLueou e%tra,t repeatedly ;ith 2/R 24R 1/R 1/ and 14 ml o- *thyl A,etateR ,olle,t the *thyl A,etate e%tra,t R e?aporateR dry and ;eigh!
CON59:9>*N95 H Manthone R %anthone gly,o ide and mangi-erine (#la?onoid"! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu J?araghnaR (aphapittaharaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR $raZaTodhanaR 5PraKaR 9 YWZPpaha

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5udarTana CVrZaR Chinnod+ha?Pdi (?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR DPhaR J?araR (YmirogaR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR MehaR 9YWZPR $raZa DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm! 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'**

.3! (ri hnaGiraKa (#rt!"

a +iennial her+R '4H64 ,m highR ,ulti?ated a a ,old ea on ,rop in plain o- :ndia and a ummer ,rop in hilly area o- (a hmirR (umaonR Garh;al and Cham+a!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S A itaGiraKa (ri nGeeraR (a1aGiraR (alGira (ala Gira &la,K Cara;ay 5hahGirun (alaGira (ari GeerigeR 5hahaGeerige (rihun@ur (arunGiraKaR (arinGeeraKam 5hahiraR 5hahaGira (alaGira Nira 5iyahR (alaGira (aramGiragamR 5himai ham+u Nalla JeelaKarra Nira 5iyahR (ala Nira

(J<BAJ:0A(A (YWZaGiraKa ,on i t o- dried ripe -ruit o- Carum ,ar?i Linn! (#am! >m+elli-erae"R

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruitR greeni hH+ro;nR lightly ,ur?edR elongatedR meri,arp R u ually eparateR -ree -rom the pedi,elR ,arpophore R upto 1 mm longR 2 mm +road almo t eLually -i?e idedR narro;R tapering to ea,h endR ar,uateR gla+rou R +ro;n ;ith -i?e ?ery narro;R yello;i h primary ridge ^ endo permR ortho permou R odour and ta teR aromati, and ,hara,teri ti,!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; peri,arp ;ith outer epidermi o- polygonal ta+ular ,ell ;ith a thi,K outer ;all and triated ,uti,leR tri,home R a+ entR ?ittae -our dor alR inter,o tal and t;o ,ommi ural e%tending the length o- ea,h meri,arpR ;ith an epithelium o- +ro;n ,ell and ?olatile oil in the ,a?ityR me o,arp paren,hymatou ;ithout reti,ulate thi,KeningR ,o tae -i?e in ea,h meri,arp ;ith ?a ,ular trand ,on i ting o- an inner group o- mall ?e el and -i+re and ar,hedR outer group o- pitted ,leren,hyma ;ith a mall group o- phloem on ea,h lateral ur-a,eR on the outer margin o- ea,h ?a ,ular trand a mall ,hi@ogenou ,anal e%tending into +oth tylopod and
'*'

pedi,elR inner epidermi o- thin H;alledR u+re,tangular ,ell R elongated tangentially ea,h a+out 3H12= ;ide and .4H144= longR arranged parallel ;ith one anotherR endo perm o- thi,KH;alledR ,ellulo i, paren,hymaR ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oil and numerou mall aleurone grain upto 14 = in diameterR ea,h ,ontaining one or ometime t;o mi,roHro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ,arpophoreR ;hen pre entR pa ing at the ape% to a raphe in ea,h meri,arpR and ;ith a mall trand o- ,leren,hymaR the ,lereid o- ;hi,h ,ontinue into the tylopod! Po;derHColour -a;n to +ro;nR epidermal ,ell o- peri,arp ;ith triated ,uti,leR -ragment o- +ro;n endothelium o- ?ittaeR paren,hymatou ,ell o- the me o,arp ;ithout reti,ulate thi,KeningR re,tangularR -inely pitted ,lereid o- me o,arpR thi,KH ;alled polygonal paren,hymatou ,ell o- endo perm ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oilR numerou mall aleurone grain ,ontaining mi,roHro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR tri,home R tar,h and parLuetry layer a+ entR it ,ontain no le than 2!/ per ,ent o?olatile oil!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu Laghu >WZa (aUu 7othaharaR CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR J?araghnaR PP,anaR 0u,yaR 5a]grPhX Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 6 per ,entR Appendi% 1!/ per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 12 per ,entR Appendi% '!/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil (,ar?one and ,ar?a,rol"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JiraKPdyariWUaR JXraKPdi ModaKa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR dhmPnaR (YmirogaR JirZaG?araR Grahaniroga DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'*.

.6! (ulattha (5d!"

+i-loru Linn! (#am Legumino ae"Q an annual +ran,hedR u+Here,t or t;iningR do;ny or gla+re ,ent Q her+Q ,ulti?ated all o?er :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (hal?aR $ardhipatraKa HH (ulatthaR (alaya Hor e gram (alathiR (ulathi (ulathiR (urathi HuruliR Hurali (ath Mudiraa (ulitha HH Lodhar (olluR (aanam >la?alu (ulthi

(>LA99HA (ulattha ,on i t o- dry eed o- $igna unLui,ulata (Linn!" 8alp! 5yn! Doli,ho

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, +" Mi,ro ,opi,

5eed R hardR ur-a,e moothR ellip oidR -lattenedR greyi h to reddi h +ro;nR .H2 mm long and . mm ;ideR mi,ropyle prominentR ta teR ome;hat a tringent!

9ran ?er e e,tion o- eed ho; te ta ,on i ting o- a ingle layer o- ,olumnarR thinH;alledR paren,hymatou R pali ade liKe ,ell ,o?ered ;ith a thin ,uti,le -ollo;ed +y ingle layer o- re,tangular to Luare +earer ,ell and 'H. layer o- thinH;alled re,tangular paren,hymatou ,ell R more ;ide at mi,ropyler regionR ,otyledon ,on i ting o- ingle layer o- upper and lo;er epidermi ,o?ered ;ith a thin ,uti,leR epidermal ,ell thinH;alledR re,tangular and paren,hymatou -ollo;ed +y me ophyllR ,on i ting oangular paren,hymatou ,ell R -illed ;ith numerou imple tar,h grain and protein +odie al o pre ent! Po;derH8hiti h in ,olourR under mi,ro ,ope ho; +roKen pie,e o- te taR paren,hymatou ,ell and tar,h
'*0

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya LaghuR 5ara >WZa (aUu $idPhXQ 5?eda a]grPhaKaR (YmiharaR (apha?Ptahara! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Nil per ,entR Appendi% / per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 12 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H An en@yme (urea e" and oil!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5apta Pra (?Ptha CVrZaR DhPn?antara 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ATmariR NaWPrta?a DO5* H 12 g o- the drug in po;der -orm -or de,o,tion!

'*)

/4! (u hta (0oot"

tallR ro+u tR perennial her+ ;ith thi,K root R -ound in (a hmir at an altitude o- 2/44H'244 mR root ,olle,ted in 5eptem+erHO,to+er!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S mayaR PPKala (udR (ur (udo HH HH (utha Changal (u tha (uth (ottam >pletaR (u tha (udha (uth Go htamR (o +thamR (ottam Changal?a (o htu cu t

(><IHA (uWUha ,on i t o- dried root o- 5au urea lappa C!&! ClarKe (#am! Compo itae"R a

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Drug greyi h to dull +ro;nR thi,KR toutR -u i-orm to ,ylindri,alR 1H1/ ,m longR 1!4H/!/ ,m +roadR thi,Ker root ;ith ,ollap ed ,entreR o,,a ionally ridgedR ;rinKle longitudinal and ana tomo edR rootlet rarely pre entR ,ut ur-a,e ho; t;o region R outer periderm ring thinR inner porou ;oody portion lighter in ,olour ho;ing -ine radial triation and o-ten the ,entral portion ,ollap edR -ra,tureR hortR hornyR odourR trongR ,hara,teri ti,ally aromati,R ta teR lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- thin root ho; thin peridermR -ollo;ed +y +road @one ophloem and till +roader @one o- %ylem tra?er ed +y ;ide medullary ray R ,orKR 'H/ layered ;ide e,ondary ,orti,al ,ell polygonalR mo tly elongatedR e,ondary phloem ,on i t o- mo tly torage paren,hymaR mall group o- ie?e tu+e and ,ompanion ,ell and o-ten phloem -i+re R +a t -i+re thi,KH;alledR ligni-iedR upto '/4 = in lengthR ;ith many imple pit a o,iated ;ith -i+reR tra,heid and paren,hymaR ;ood -i+re maller than +a t -i+re R ;ith ;ider lumen and o+tu ely tapering end R meduallary ray multi
'*7

eriate and ;ider in phloem regionR re in ,anal -ound throughout a large ,a?itie R ome root po e a ,entral ,ylinder o- ,leren,hymaR ;hile other ha?e paren,hymatou ,entre ;ith ,attered %ylem element R in older root R ;ood paren,hyma ,ollap e and taKe a pongy appearan,e in the ,entre o- rootR inulin pre ent in torage paren,hyma! Po;derHDeep +ro;n or ru tyR under mi,ro ,ope irregular +it o- yello;R +ro;n or orangeHred -ragment o- re in and oil a o,iated ;ith thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell R +roKen +it o- %ylem ?e el ;ith ,alari-ormR reti,ulate thi,Kening and hori@ontal end ;all !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta Laghu >WZa (aUu (apha?PtaGitR 0aKtaTodhaKaR $arZyaR 7uKrala Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 . 1 12 24 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR alKaloid ( au urine" and +itter re in!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (UUoama,uKKPdi 9aila! 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?P aR (P aR (uWUhaR $PtaraKtaR $i arpa DO5* H 4!2H1!4 o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'*,

/1! (utaGa (5t!&K!"

(#am! Apo,yna,eae"S a mall to medium i@ed treeR -ound throughout :ndiaR drug ,olle,ted -rom 3H12 year old tree during the middle o- rainy ea on (July to 5eptem+er" and again at the end o- ;inter ea on +y he;ing and peeling and eparated -rom atta,hed ;ood!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (ali]gaR 7aKraR $at aKa DudhKuri (ur,hi * ter treeR Cone i +arK (udaR (ada,hhalR (udo (ur,hiR (uraiya (oda igeR HalagattigidaR Halagatti Mara (ogad (utaKappala Pandhra (uda (ureiR (eruan (ura uKKR (ura (uda apalai (odi apalaR PalaKodi a (ur,hi

(>IAJA (uUaGa ,on i t o- dried tem +arK o- Holarrhena antidy enteri,a (0oth" A! DC!

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5mall re,ur?ed pie,e o- ?arying i@e and thi,Kne R outer ur-a,e +u-- to +ro;ni h longitudinally ;rinKled and +earing hori@ontal lenti,el R inner ur-a,e +ro;ni hR rough and ,aly -ra,ture hort and granularR ta teR a,rid and +itter!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- dried tem +arK ho; ,orK ,on i ting o- .H12 ro; otangentially elongated ,ell R radial 1/H ./ = tangential '4H24 = ,orK ,am+ium ,on i t oa ro; o- thin ;alled tangentially elongated ,ell R e,ondary ,orte% u ually ;ideR paren,hymatou R inter per ed ;ith trand o- tone ,ell R tone ,ell re,tangular to o?alR ;ith numerou pit o-ten ,ontaining pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR nonHligni-ied peri,y,li, -i+re upto /2 mm thi,KR pre ent in +arKR e,ondary phloem ;ide ,on i ting oie?eHtu+e R ,ompanion ,ell R phloem paren,hyma and tone ,ell R tone ,ell arranged in tangential ro; in ,on,entri, manner a o,iated ;ith ,ry tal heath ,ontaining pri m o- ,al,ium o%alateR medullary ray mo tly +i or tri eriate rarely uni eriate +e,oming
'*8

;ide to;ardR outer part and ,on i t o- thinH;alledR radially elongatedR paren,hymatou ,ell R medullary ray ,ell near tone ,ell +e,ome ,lero ed!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e A55AA Not le than Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than 14 2 1 1 13 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!1! 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2!

A ayH (uUaGa ,ontain not le than 2 per ,ent o- total alKloid ;hen a ayed +y the -ollo;ing methodS;eigh a,,urately a+out / g in po;der (No! 3/ ei?e" and moi ten ;ith 14 ml o- an Al,oholH,hloro-orm mi%ture (1 S'" ,ontaining 2 per ,ent o- Ammonia olution -or 1/ minute ! Pa,K the mi%ture in a mall gla per,olator urrounded +y a Ga,Ket o- hot ;ater Kept at /4>! Ma,erate ;ith more o- the alKaline Al,oholH,hloro-orm mi%ture -or an hour and ,olle,t 2/ ml o- per,olate in a re,ei?er ,ontaining 1 g o- O%ali, a,id di ol?ed in / ml o- al,ohol! 5top the per,olation add l4 ml o- the al,oholH ,hloro-orm mi%ture ,ontaining 1 per ,ent ;\? o- 5odium Hydro%ide and ma,erate -or -i-teen minute ! Continue the per,olation adding -urther Luantitie o- the al,oholH ,hloro-orm mi%ture until the alKaloid are ,ompletely e%tra,ted! Mi% the per,olate ;ell and e%tra,t +y haKing ;ith -i?e 24 ml portion o- 2 N Hydro,hlori, a,id! Com+ine the a,id e%tra,t and maKe alKaline ;ith dilute Ammonia 5olution! *%tra,t ;ith -our 14 ml portion o- Chloro-ormR add 1 ml o- 4!/ N 5odium Hydro%ideR and e%tra,t again ;ith Chloro-orm! 8a h ea,h Chloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith the ame t;o 14 ml portion o- ;ater ,ontained in di--erent eparator ! Com+ine the Chloro-orm e%tra,t R add 24 ml o- O!:N 5ulphuri, A,id and haKe ;ell -or / Minute ! 9ran -er the a,id LiLuid to a ,oni,al -la KR ;a h the Chloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith t;o 24 ml portion o- ;ater and add the ;a hing to the a,id liLuid in the ,oni,al -la K! 9itrate the e%,e o- a,id ;ith 4!1N 5odium Hydro%ide u ing the mi%ed ' indi,ator! *a,h ml o- 4!1N 5ulphuri, A,id i eLui?alent to 4!412/1g o- total alKaloid o- (utaGa!
CON59:9>*N95 H Cone ine and related alKaloid ! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu DXpanaR 5a]grPhXR (aphapittaTPmaKa
'*-

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H (uUaGPriWaR (uUaGP?alehaR (uUaGaghana $ati 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ArTaR Ati PraR (uWUhaR Pra?PhiKPR 9YWZPR J?arPti Pra DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'*(

/2! La?anga (#!&ud!"

LA$AEGA La?a]ga i the dried -lo;er +ud o- 5y@ygium aromati,um (Linn!" Merr! O L!M! Perry 5yn! *ugenia aromati,a (unt@eR *ugenia ,aryophyllata 9hun+! (#am! Myrta,eae"R a

tree! ,ulti?ated in many part o- the! ;orld and al o to a ,on idera+le e%tent in 5outh :ndiaS -lo;er +ud ,olle,ted t;i,e a yearR :n the month o- O,to+er and #e+ruary ;hen they ,hange ,olour -rom green to ,rim onR dried ,are-ully and eparated -rom their pedun,le !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S De?apuWpa La?angR LanR Long La?ang Clo?e La?angR La?ing La?angaR Laung La?anga 0ung (arampuR (arayarnpoo?uR Grampu La?ang La+anga LaungR Long (iram+uR La?angam La?angalu carn-ulR Laung

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#lo;er +ud mea uring 14H11!/ mm in lengthR darK +ro;n or du ty redR ,on i ting o- a u+H,ylindri,alR lightly -lattenedR -our ided hypanthiumR readily e%uding oil ;hen pre ed hypanthium ,ontaining in it upper portion a t;o ,elled in-erior o?ary ;ith numerou o?ule atta,hed to a a%ile pla,entaR urmounted +y -our thi,KR di?ergent epal and ,o?ered +y unopened ,orolla ,on i ting o- -our mem+ranou im+ri,ate petal R -reLuently deta,hedR en,lo ing numerou in,ur?ed tamen and one ere,tH tyleR odourR trongly aromati,R ta teR pungentR aromati, -ollo;ed +y light tingling o- the tongue!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- hypanthium ho; epidermi and ,aly% teeth ,ompo ed otraight ;alled ,ell R 8ith thi,K ,uti,le ha?ing large anomo,yti, tomataR hypanthium ti ue pongyR ,lu ter o- ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal ?arying in i@e -rom 2H24 = in diameterR mall num+er o- tone ,ell and pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate pre ent
''*

in talKR tamen R ea,h ;ith an oil gland in the ape% o- the ,onne,ti?eR triangularly ,entri,ular pollen grain R 1/H24 = in diameter anther ;all ho;ing a typi,al -i+rou layerR ,hi@oly igenou gland -ound in all part o- ,lo?eR o,,a ional i olate peri,y,li, -i+re pre ent! Po;erHDarK +ro;nR -ragment o- paren,hyma ho;ing large o?alR ,hi@oly igenou oil ,a?itie R piral tra,heid and a -e; rather thi,KH;alledR pindle haped -i+re R ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal in ro ette aggregate R 14H1/ = in diameterR -ragment o- anther ;all ;ith ,hara,teri ti, reti,ulated ,ell pollen grain numerou R tetrahedralR 1/H24 =! in diameter!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR IiKWZa 7Xta (aUu 7VlaharaR DXpanaR (P aharaR (aphapittaTPmaKaR PP,anaR 0u,ya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 2 1 1 ' 6 1/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil (eugenala,etate and ,aryophyllene"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H La?a]gPdi $aUXR La?a]gPdi CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AmlapittaR 7?P aR ChardiR dhmPnaR HiKKPR (P aR (WayaR 9YWZP DO5* H 4!/H2!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'''

/'! Lodhra (5t!&K!"

LODH0A

Lodhra ,on i t o- dried tem +arK o- 5ymplo,o ra,emo a 0o%+! (#am! 5ymplo,a,eae"S an e?ergreen treeR 2H3!/ m tallR -ound a+undantly in plain and lo;er hill throughout :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 0odhraR PaiUUKP LodhraR 7P+ara LodhraR 9irXUa! Mugam LodhaR Lodhra 5ymplo,o +arK Lodha@ Lodha Lodhra (ath Pa,hotti LodhaR Lodhra HH Lodhar $ellilathiR $ellilothram Lodhuga LodhR Lodhpathani

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Mature tem +arK o,,ur in ,hannelled or ,ur?ed pie,e R -e; -iat pie,e al o o,,ur in thi,Kne upto 1,mR outer ur-a,e une?en and rough due to -i ure and ,ra,K R grayi h +ro;n to grey e%ternallyR pale to ;hiti hH+ro;n internallyR -ra,ture hort and granular in ,orti,al region and ome;hat -i+rou in inner regionR ta teR a tringent and -ee+ly +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature +arK ho; a ;ide ,orK o- thinH;alledR re,tangular ,ell arranged in radial ro; R ,orK ,am+ium 1H' layeredR e,ondary ,orte% ,on i t othinH;alledR o?al and tangentially elongated paren,hymatou ,ell to;ard outer ide and rounded ,ell to;ard inner ideR a num+er o- tone ,ell R in ingle or in group pre entR ,attered throughout the region ha?ing highly thi,Kened ;all ;ith di tin,t pit R pri mati, and ,lu ter ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR and tar,h grain R mo tly imple pre ent in a num+er o- ,orti,al ,ell R e,ondary phloem ;ide ,on i ting o- ie?e element R phloem paren,hymaR phloem -i+re and tone ,ell R phloem paren,hyama thinH
''.

;alledR o?al to re,tangularR ,ontaining pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate ,attered in phloem paren,hymaR phloem -i+re ligni-ied and pre ent in ingle or in group R ,ry tal not pre ent in -i+re R i olated -i+re pindle haped ;ith pointed end R group o- tone ,ell a rounded pat,he di tri+uted throughout phloem regionR medullary ray uni to multi eriate ,on i ting o- re,tangular ,ell ha?ing +ro;n ,olouring matter in ome ,ell R +roader medullary ray dialating to;ard outer phloem regionR a num+er o- phloem ,ell al o ,ontain tar,h grain R mo tly arranged in group R rarely olitaryR imple and rounded! Po;derHGreyi hH+ro;nR under mi,ro ,ope ho; -ragment o- ,orKR tone ,ell R -i+re R pri mati, and ,lu ter ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate and tar,h grain !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya Laghu 7Xta (aUu CaKWuWyaR GrPhXR (aphapittanut Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Nil per ,entR Appendi% 12 per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 6 per ,entR Appendi% 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (loturine and ,olloturine" and red ,olouring matter!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 0odharP a?a (LodhrP a?a "R PuWyPnuga CVrZaR &Yhat Ga]gPdhara CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR Ati PraR NetrarogaR 0aKtapittaR Pradara DO5* H 'H/ g o- the drug in po;der -orm! 24H'4 g o- the drug in -or de,o,tion!

''0

/.! Madana (#rt!"

MADANA Madana ,on i t o- dried -ruit o- Meromphi pino a (9hun+" (eayR 5yn 0andia dumetorum Lam! (#am! 0u+ia,eae"R a de,iduou thorny hru+ or a mallR treeR rea,hing a

height upto 6 m and girth a+out a metreR +ran,he numerou R thi,K and hori@ontalR -ound in u+HHimalayan tra,t e%tending ea t;ard in 5iKKim upto 1244 m and outh;ard to Penin ular :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S MPdanX Maen MainaphalR Mayanaphal *meti, nut MindhalR MindholR Mindhar Manphal MangariKaiR (arigiddaR Madanaphala MaggreKaiR (ariR Maggare (ayi Madan-al MalanKaraR MalamKaraKKa GalR GalphalaR GiephalaR Madanphala MaenaR Madana MindhalR 0araR Manphal MaruKKarai Mranga (ayaR Monga (aya MainphalR Jau@HulHcai

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruitR 1!3H.!/ ,m longR glo+o e or +roadly o?oidR longitudinally ri++ed or mooth yello;i hH+ro;nR ,ro;ned ;ith per i tent ,aly%Hlim+R -ruitR ,ontain numerou eed R 4!.H4!2 ,m longR ,ompre edR moothR +ro;n and ?ery hard!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

#ruitHtra n?er e e,tion ho; epi,arp ,on i ting o- ingle layered epidermi R ometime o+literated in ur-a,e ?ie;R epidermal ,ell thinH;alled and polygonalR me o,arpR +road @one ,on i ting o- thinH;alledR paren,hyamatou ,ell R ome ,ell ,ontain reddi hH+ro;n ,ontentR a num+er o- ?a ,ular +undle -ound em+edded in thi @oneR endo,arp tony ,on i ting o- light yello; polygonalR ,leren,hymatou ,ell o?aria+le hape and i@e!
'')

5eedHtran ?er e e,tion ho; a eed ,oatR ,on i ting o- ingle layeredR rounded to o?al epidermal ,ell R a -e; layer o- yello;i hH+ro;n pigmented ,ell R endo perm -orm +ulK o- eed ,on i ting o- large o?al and irregular haped paren,hymatou ,ell R al+umen hornyR tran lu ,entR ,ell o- outermo t layer maller in i@e! Po;derH0eddi h +ro;nR under mi,ro ,ope ho; numerou R largeR irregularR reddi h +ro;n ,ell ,lereid o- ?aria+le hape and i@eR pie,e o- %ylem ?e el ;ith reti,ulate thi,Kening R thinH ;alledR ,ru hed paren,hymatou ,ell and yello;Horange pie,e oeed ,oat
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu $amanaR LeKhana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 4!2/ per ,entR Appendi% 16 per ,entR Appendi% 12 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR aponinR tannin and re in!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H PippalyPdi 9aila! 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H GulmaR (uWUhaR $idradhiR 7leWmaG?araR PratiTyPya DO5* H 4!/ H1!4 g o- the drug in po;der -orm -or de,o,tion! 'H2 g o- the drug -or indu,tion o- ?omiting!

''7

//! Mi hreya (#rt!"

M:70*A

MiTreyP ,on i t o- dried ripe -ruit o- #oeni,ulum ?ulgare Mill (#am! >m+elli-erae" R an ere,tR gla+rou R aromati, her+R 1H2 m highR ,ulti?ated e%ten i?ely throughout :ndia upto 13'4 m and al o ometime -ound ;ildR -ruit ripen in 5eptem+erR tem ,ut ;ith i,Kle and put up in loo e hea?e to dry in unR ;hen dryR -ruit are +eaten out in a ,loth in unR ,leaned +y ;inno;ing and ,olle,ted!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S MiTiR MiWiR MadhuriKP Gu?amuri MaruiR Panmauri #annel #ruit $ariyali 5aun&adi ompuR Dodda ompu 5anu-R &adnai (attu ataKuppaR ParinGaeragum &adi hop Panamadhuri 5aun5hom+u 5opu 5aun-

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit R u ually entire ;ith pedi,el atta,hedR meri,arp R upto a+out 14 mm long and . mm +roadR -i?e ided ;ith a ;ider ,ommi ural ur-a,eR tapering lightly to;ard +a e and ape%R ,ro;ned ;ith a ,oni,al tylopodR gla+rou R greeni h or yello;i hH+ro;n ;ith -i?e paler prominent primary ridge R endo permR ortho permou !
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; peri,arp ;ith outer epidermi o- Luadrangular to polygonal ,ell ;ith mooth ,uti,le and a -e; tomataR tri,home R a+ ent ?ittaeR . dor al and 2 ,ommi ural e%tending ;ith length o- ea,h meri,arpR inter,o tal ;ith an epithelium o- +ro;n ,ell and ?olatile oil in ,a?ityR me o,arpR ;ith mu,h reti,ulate ligni-ied paren,hymaR ,o taeR / in ea,h meri,arpR ea,h ;ith 1?a ,ular trand ha?ing inner %ylem trand and 2 lateral phloem trand eparated +y a +undle o- -i+re inner epidermi o- ?ery narro;R thinH;alled ,ell arranged parallel to one another in group o'',

/H1R many o- the e group ;ith longer a%i o- their ,ell at angle ;ith tho e o- adGa,ent group (ParLuetry arrangement"R endo perm ,on i t o- thi,KH;alledR ,ellulo i, paren,hyma ,ontaining mu,h -i%ed oilR mi,roHro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR and numerou aleurone grain upto / = in diameterR ,arpophore ;ith ?ery thi,KH;alled ,leren,hyma in t;o trand R o-ten un plit ;ith t;o trand ?ery ,lo e to ea,h Other!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta Madhura AnulomanaR &alyaR DXpanaR $PtapittaharaR madoWahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 12 per ,entR Appendi% 1/ per ,entR Appendi% . per ,entR Appendi% 1 per ,entR Appendi% 1!. per ,ent?\;R Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil and -i%ed oil!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H MiTreyPrKaR Paa,a aKPra CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR AgnimPndyaR (P aR Pra?PhiKPR 0aKtadoWaR ArTa DO5* H 'H2 g! o- the drug in po;der -orm!

''8

/2! Nyagrodha (5t!&K!"

NAAG0ODHA

Nyagrodha ,on i t o- dried mature tem +arK o- #i,u +engalen i Linn! (#am! Mora,eae" R a large +ran,hing tree ;ith numerou aerial root o,,urring all o?er :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S $ata $atR AhatR $atga,h &ot &anyan tree $adR $adalo &adraR &argadR &ada AalaR AladamaraR $ata &ad Peraal $ael &ataR &ara &haur AalamaramR Aalam Marri &argadR &ad

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Mature tern +arK grey ;ith thinR ,lo ely adhered a hy ;hiteR light +lui hHgreen or grey pat,he R +arK -iat or lightly ,ur?eR thi,Kne ?arie ;ith age o- tree S e%ternally rough due to pre en,e o- hori@ontal -urro; and lenti,el R mo tly ,ir,ular and prominentR -ra,ture hort in outer t;o third o- +arK ;hile inner portion ho; a -i+rou -ra,ture ta teR a tringent
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature +arK ho; ,ompre ed ,orK ti ue and dead element o- e,ondary ,orte% ,on i ting o- mo tly tone ,ell and thinH;alledR ,ompre ed element o- ,orte% ,orK ,ell re,tangularR thi,KH;alled and ,ontaining +ro;ni h ,ontentR e,ondary ,orte% ;ideR -orming more than hal- o- thi,Kne o- +arKR ,ompo ed o- large group o- tone ,ell and paren,hymatou ,ell R tone ,ell ?ary in hapeR paren,hymatou ,ell thinH;alled and ome;hat ,u+i,al to o?al -e; in num+er and o,,ur +et;een group o- tone ,ell R ome o- ,ell ,ontain pri mati, ,ry tal o,al,ium o%alateR tar,h grain and tanninR e,ondary phloem ,ompo ed o- a -e; ie?e element paren,hymaR -i+re R tone ,ell and late% tu+e alternating ;ith medullary ray R
''-

ie?e element ,ompre ed in !outer region o- +arK ;hile inta,t m inner regionR -e; thi,KH;alled phloem paren,hyma o,,urring in +et;een pat,he o- phloem -i+re and tone ,ell R tone ,ell imilar to tho e pre ent in e,ondary ,orte%R ome phloem ,ell ,ontain pri mati, ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal al oR pre ent in -i+re -orming ,ry tal -i+re R medullary ray 2H/ eriateR ,ompo ed o- thi,KH;alledR ,ir,ular to o?al ,ell -e; ,ell al o ,on?erted into tone ,ell and ome ha?e pitted ;all R al o ,ontaining plenty o- tar,h grain R mo tly roundedR rarely o?al or emiHlunar in hapeR imple a ;ell a ,ompound typeR ,ompound tar,h grain ,on i t o- 2H' ,omponent R ,am+ium ,ompo ed o- a -e; layer o- mallR re,tangularR thinH;alled ,ell !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya GuruR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu DPhaghnaR MVtra a]grahaZiyaR 5tam+hanaR $arZyaR $raZPpahaR (aphapittaGitaR AonidoWahYt Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 ' 2 3 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin R gly,o ide and -la?onoid !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi CVrZaR NyagrodhPdi (?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR PramehaR 0aKtapittaR 9YWZPR $i arpaR $raZaR AonidoWa DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

''(

/1! Pa hana+heda (0@!"

P<BA&H*DA PPWPZa+heda ,on i t o- rhi@ome o- &ergenia ,iliata (Ha;!" 5tern+!R 5yn! &ergenia ligulata (8all!" *ngl! (#am! 5a%i-raga,eae"R a mall perennial her+ -ound
throughout temperate Himalaya -rom &hutan to (a hmir at an altitude +et;een 2444H'444 m and in (ha ia hill upto 1244 m altitude!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S ATma+hedaKaR 7ilP+heda PatharKu,hi PatharKu,hiR Hima agaraR PatranKur HH Pa han+hedaR PaKhan+heda PaKhana+hedaR 5ilpharaR Pathar,uaR PaKhana+hedR 5ilp+heda AlepgayaR Pahan+hediR HittagaR Pa ana+eruR HittulaKa Pa han+hed (allur?an,hiR (allur?anniR (allor?an,hi Pa han+heda Pa an+hediR Pa hana+heda (a,haluR Pa han+hed 5irupilai (ondapindi HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0hi@omeR olidR +arrel hapedR ,ylindri,alR 1!/H' ,m long and 1H2 ,m in diameter ;ith mall root R ridge R -urro; and root ,ar di tin,tR tran?er ely ,ut ur-a,e ho; outer ring o- +ro;n ,oloured ,orKR hort middle ,orte%R ?a ,ular +undle and large ,entral pithR odourR aromati,R ta teR a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orK di?ided into t;o @one R outer a -e; layer o- lightly ,ompre ed and +ro;n ,oloured ,ell R inner @one multilayered ,on i ting o- thinH;alled tangentially elongatd and ,olourle ,ell R -ollo;ed +y a ingle layered ,orK ,am+ium and 2H' layer o- e,ondary ,orte% ,ompo ed o- thi,KH;alledR tangentially elongatedR re,tangular ,ell ;ith inter,ellular pa,e R ome ,ell ,ontain ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate and imple tar,h grain ,orte% a narro;H@one oparen,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining a num+er o- imple tar,h grain R mo t o- ,orti,al ,ell al o ,ontain large ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR endoderm i and peri,y,le a+ ent!
'.*

?a ,ular +undle R arranged in a ringR ,ollateralR ,onGoint and openR phloem ti ue ,ornH po ed o- ie?e element and paren,hymaR in outer region -ound a ,ompre ed ma e ;hile in inner region inta,t! a num+er o- ro ette ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate al o -ound a ,ry tal -i+re R ,am+ium pre ent a ,ontinuou ring ,ompo ed o- 2H' layer o- thinH ;alledR tangentially elongated ,ell R %ylem ,on i t o- -i+re R tra,heid R ?e el and paren,hymaR ;ith ,entre o,,upied +y large pith ,ompo ed o- ,ir,ular to o?alR paren,hymatou ,ell R ?arying in i@e and ,ontaining tar,h grain ;ith ,ry tal o,al,ium o%alate imilar to tho e -ound in ,orti,al region!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya Laghu 7Xta (aUu &hedanaR $a tiTodhanaR ATmarighnaR MVtra?ire,aniya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1' per ,entR Appendi% 4!/ per ,entR Appendi% 6 per ,entR Appendi% 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 9anni, a,idR galli, a,id and glu,o e

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H ATmarXhara (aWPya CVrZaR MVtra?ire,aniya (aWPya C VrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ATmariR MehaR MVtraKi,,hra DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm! 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'.'

/3! Patha (0t!"

e%ten i?ely preadingR gla+rou to o-ty pu+e ,entR perennial ,lim+ing hru+ ;ith nodo e temR ,ommon in ;arm and dry region o- tropi,al and u+Htropi,al part o- :ndia upto an altitude o- a+out 1/44 m!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S Am+aWhUaKi 9uprilata AKanadiRPatha $el?et lea(alipathR (arondhiumR (arondiumR $eni?elR (aredhium PathaR PadhR AKanadi Pahada?elaR Agalu hunthi Pad Patha Pa had?elR PaharrelR Pahada?elR Padali (ana+indhiR Patha Patha $atta tiruppi Adi?i+anKatigaR ,hiru +oddiR &oddi tiga HH

PIH PPhP ,on i t o- root o- Ci ampelo pareira Linn! (#am! Meni perrna,eae"R an

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0oot R ,ylindri,alR o-ten tortuou R 1H1!/ ,m in diameterR light +ro;n to yello;i h in ,olourR ur-a,e rough and at pla,e rugged due to tran ?er e ;rinKle R ,ra,K and -i ure R -ra,ture hort and plinteryR odourR -aint aromati,R ta teR +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?ar e e,tion o- root ho; R 2H14 layer o- thinH;alledR re,tangular ,orK ,ell e,ondary ,orte%R 1H' layered o- o?al to tangentially elongated ,ell R di ,ontinuou ring ,on i ting o- 2H' ro; o- tone ,ell and group o- phloem -i+re R tone ,ell ?aria+le in hape ;ith imple pit R ?a ,ular trand a radiating trip u ually 3H12 o- %ylem and phloem ome rea,hing up to the ,entreR phloem ,on i t o- mall trand o- ie?e element and paren,hyma Gu t +elo; the ring o- tone ,ell R %ylem ,on i t o- ?e el R tra,heid R -i+re and %ylem paren,hymaR ?e el and tra,heid ho; imple pit on the ;all R %ylem paren,hyma u ually thi,KH;alled and ligni-ied +ut due to deligni-i,ation pat,he o- thinH;alled paren,hyma appear in the %ylem region!R medullary ray 1H'
'..

eriate appear to +e ?ery ;ide at a num+er o- pla,e due to addition o- deligni-ied %ylem paren,hymatou ,ell R ray ,ell thinH;alledR a -e; ligni-ied and thi,KH;alled ;hile ome ho; reti,ulate thi,KeningR plenty o- tar,h grain pre ent in ome o- ray ,ell !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1 1 11 1' per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid R aponin and Luarternary ammonium +a e R -la?onol and

terol!

P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu &hagna andhPnaKYtR GrPhXR 0aKtaTodhaKaR $iWaghnaR 9ridoWaTamanaR 5tanyaTodhana H &YhatgangPdhara CVrZaR PuWyPnuga CVrZaR PradarPntaKa LauhaR 5Pra ?ata GhYtaR 5tanyaTodhana (aWPya CVrZa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlarogaR Ati PraR ChardiR J?araR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR 5tanyaduWUi DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'.0

/6! Puga (5d!"

lenderR temmedR perennial palmR trunK rea,hing a height o- a+out 2/ m ,ulti?ated in the ,oa tal region o- 5outhern :ndiaR &engal and A am upto an altitude o- 1444 m!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (ramuKaR GhoZP 9amolR 9amul 5upari Are,a nutR &etle nut 5opari 5upariR Chr alia AdiK 5upariR 5pari AdaKKuR PaKKu 5upariR Pophal Gua 5upariR 5pari (amuguR PaKKuR PaKhumaram PaKa ,heKKaR $aKKa #u-alR Choalia

P=GA PVga ,on i t o- dried ripe eed o- Are,a ,ate,hu Linn! (#am! Palmae"R a gra,e-ulR

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

O?oidR e%ternally paleR reddi hH+ro;n to light yello;i hH+ro;nR marKed ;ith a net ;orK o- paler line R -reLuently ;ith adhering portion o- il?ery +rittle endo,arp and adhering -i+re o- me o,orp at +a e o- eedR eed hard ;ith ruminate endo perm o+ro;ni h ti ue alternating ;ith ;hiti h ti ueR odourR ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR a tringent!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- eed ho; a eed ,oat ,on i ting o- e?eral ro; o- ,ell R tangentially elongatedR ;ith inner ;all more or le thi,KenedR ;hiti h ,ell oendo perm ti ue ;ith thi,K porou ;all ,ontaining oil glo+ule and aleuroni, grain R +ro;n peri perm ti ue ;ith thi,K ;alled ,ell and deli,ate tra,heae! Po;derH0eddi h +ro;n to light +ro;nR under mi,ro ,ope ho; -ragment o- endo perm ti ue ;ith porou ;all R irregularly thi,Kened and mall tone ,ell o- eed ,oatR a -e; aleurone grain and oil glo+ule and a -e; deli,ate tra,heaeR tar,h a+ ent!
'.)

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya GuruR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu Pra+ha?aS MohaKYtR DXpanaR (aphapittaGitR (ledanPTanaR Mala+hediR MuKhTodhanaR $iKP X Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 4!. per ,entR Appendi% 16 per ,entR Appendi% 14 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (are,oline" tannin and -at !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H PVgaKhaZ[a 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR MuKha?iKPraR AoniTaithilyaR 7?etapradara DO5* H 1H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'.7

24! Punarna?a (0aKta" (8!P"

P>NA0NA$

Punarna?P ,on i t o- driedR matured ;hole plant o- &oerhaa?ia di--u a Linn! (#am Ny,tagina,eae"R trailing her+ -ound throughout :ndia and ,olle,ted a-ter rainy ea onR her+ i di--u ely +ran,hed ;ith tout root to,K and many long lenderR pro trate or a ,ending +ran,he !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (ahUillaR 7ophaghnXR 7othaghniR $arWP+hu 0anga Punarna+ha 0aKta punarna?a Hor e Pur leneR Hog 8eed Dholi aturdiR Moto atodo GadapurnaR Lalpunarna?a 5anadiKaR (omme+eruR (omma $anGula Punarna?a Chu?anna 9a@huta;a GhetuliR $a u,himuliR 5atodimulaR Punarna?aR (haparKhuti LalapuiruniR Nalipuruni lt,it (:al"R (hattan MuKurattai (5hihappu" AtiKamamidiR *rra galiGeru

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5temHgreeni hpurpleR ti--R lenderR ,ylindri,alR ;ollen at node R minutely pu+e ,ent or n early gla+rou R pro trate di?eri,ately +ran,hedR +ran,he -rom ,ommon talKR o-ten more than a metre long! 0ootH ;el de?elopedR -airly longR ome;hat tortuou R ,ylindri,alR 4!2H1!/ ,m in diameterR yello;i h +ro;n to +ro;n ,olouredR ur-a,e o-t to tou,h +ut rough due to minute longitudinal triation and root ,ar R -ra,tureR hortR no di tin,t odourR ta teR lightly +itter! Lea?e Hoppo ite in uneLual pair R larger one 2/H'1 mm long and maller one 12H13 mm long o?ateHo+long or u+or+i,ularR ape% rounded or lightly pointedR +a e u+,ordate or roundedR green and gla+rou a+o?eR ;hiti h +elo;R margin entire or u+H undulateR dor al ide pinKi h in ,ertain ,a e R thi,K in te%tureR petiole nearly a long a the +ladeR lender!
'.,

#lo;er H?ery mallR pinK ,olouredR nearly e ile or hortly talKedR 14H2/ ,mR in mall um+ell R arranged on lender long talK R .H14 ,orym+R a%illary and in terminal pani,le R +ra,teole R mallR a,uteR perianth tu+e ,on tri,ted a+o?e the o?aryR lo;er part greeni hR o?oidR ri++edR upper part pinKR -unnelH hapedR ' mm longR tu+e / lo+edR tamen 2H'! #ruitHone eeded nutR 2 mm long ,la?ateR roundedR +roadly and +luntly / ri++edR ?i ,idly glandular!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

5temH9ran ?er e e,tion o- tem ho; epidermal layer ,ontaining multi ,ellularR uni erite glandular tri,home ,on i ting o- 6H12 talKed ,ell and an ellip oidal headR 1/4H224 = longR ,orte% ,on i t o- 1H2 layer o- paren,hymaR endodermi indi tin,tR peri,y,le 1H2 layeredR thi,KH;alled o-ten ,ontaining ,attered i olated -i+re R tele ,on i ting o- many mall ?a ,ular +undle o-ten Goined together in a ring and many +ig ?a ,ular +undle ,attered in the ground ti ueR intra -a ,i,ular ,am+ium pre ent! 0ootHtran ?er e e,tion o- mature root ho; a ,orK ,ompo ed o- thinH;alled tangentially elongated ,ell ;ith +ro;n ;all in the outer -e; layer R ,orK ,am+ium o1H2 layer o- thin ;alled ,ell e,ondary ,orte% ,on i t o- 2H' layer o- paren,hymatou ,ell -ollo;ed +y ,orte% ,ompo ed o- /H12 layer o- thinH;alledR o?al to polygonal ,ell R e?eral ,on,entri, +and o- %ylem ti ue alternating ;ith ;ide @one o- paren,hymatou ti ue pre ent +elo; ,orti,al region R num+er o- +and ?ary a,,ording to thi,Kne oroot and ,ompo ed o- ?e el R tra,heid and -i+re R ?e el mo tly -ound in group o2H3 in radial ro; R ha?ing imple pit and reti,ulate thi,KeningR tra,heid R mallR thi,KH ;alled ;ith imple pit R -i+re a eptateR elongatedR thi,KH;alledR pindle haped ;ith pointed end R phloem o,,ur a hemi pheri,al or ,re ,enti, pat,he out ide ea,h group o- %ylem ?e el and ,ompo ed o- ie?e element and paren,hymaR +road @one oparen,hymatou ti ueR in +et;een t;o u,,e i?e ring o- %ylem element ,ompo ed othinH;alled more or le re,tangular ,ell arranged in radial ro; R ,entral region o- root o,,upied +y primary ?a ,ular +undle R numerou raphide o- ,al,ium o%alateR in ingle or in group pre ent in ,orti,al region and paren,hymatou ti ue in +et;een %ylem ti ueR tar,h grain imple and ,ompound ha?ing 2H. ,omponent -ound in a+unden,e in mo t o- ,ell o- ,orte%R %ylem element in paren,hymatou ti ue +et;een %ylem element R imple tar,h grain mo tly rounded in hape and mea ure 2!1/H11 = in diameter! Lea?e H9ran ?er e e,tion o- lea- ho; anomo,yti, tomata on +oth ide R numerou R a -e; hort hair R 'H. ,elledR pre ent on the margin and on ?ein R pali ade one layeredR pongy paren,hyma 2H. layered ;ith mall air pa,e R idio+la t ,ontaining raphide R o,,a ionally ,lu ter ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate and orangeHred re inou matter pre ent in me ophyll! Pali ade ratio '!/H2!/R tomatal inde% 11H12R ?ein i let num+er 6H1/!
'.8

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e A55AA Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1/ 2 1 . per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

A ayHContain not le than 4!1 per ,ent o- total alKaloid R ;hen a ayed +y the -ollo;ing method R

9aKe a,,urately a+out 144 g o- the drug (24 me h po;der" and moi ten ;ith dilute olution o- Ammonia! *%tra,t ,ontinuou ly in a o%hlet apparatu -or 13 hour ;ith 6/ per ,ent Al,ohol! 0emo?e the al,ohol +y di tillation! *%tra,t the re idue ;ith -i?e 2/ ml portion o- 1 N Hydro,hlori, a,id till ,omplete e%tra,tion o- the alKaloid i e--e,ted! 9ran -er the mi%ed a,id olution into a eparating -unnel and ;a h ;ith / ml oChloro-ormR runo-- the Chloro-orm layer! MaKe the a,id olution di tin,tly alKaline ;ith Ammonia and haKe ;ith -i?e 2/ ml portion o- Chloro-orm or till ,omplete e%tra,tion o- alKaloid i e--e,ted! 8a h the ,om+ined ,hloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith t;o portion ea,h o- / ml o- ;ater! #ilter the ,hloro-orm layer in tared -la K and e?aporate to dryne ! Add to the re idue / ml o- Al,oholR e?aporate to dryne R repeat the pro,e on,e again and ;eigh the re idue to ,on tant ;eight in a ?a,uum de i,,ator!
CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (Punarna?ine"! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR 9iKtaR (aWPya 0VKWa >WZa Madhura AnulomanaR 7othaharaR MVtralaR $PtaTleWmahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Punarna?PWaKa (?Ptha CVrZaR Punarna?P a?aR Punarna?Pdi MaZ[VraR 5uKumPra GhYtaR 7othaghna Lepa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR PPZ[u DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!
'.-

21! 5aptaparna (5t!&K!"

Apo,yna,eae"R a tall e?ergreen treeR -ound in the 5u+HHimalayan tra,t a ,ending to 644 m -rom Jammu ea t;ard and ;e tern penin ula mo tly in de,iduou -ore t !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 5apta,,hadaR 5aptapar]XR 5aptPh?P Chatiyan Chatin Dita 5aptaparnaR 5at?ana Chhati?anR 5ata;ana MaddaleR HaleR *leyalaga (ath Dai?aphalR *@ilampala 5at?een Ch+atianaR Chatiana 5athiR 5atanna *@ilampalai *daKula Ponna HH

5AP9APA0BA 5aptaparZa ,on i t o- tem +arK o- Al tonia ,holari (Llnn!" 0! &r! (#am!

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

&arK o,,ur in ,hannelled or o,,a ionally Luilled pie,e R 'H.mm thi,K -rom +ran,he and ,ut or +roKen irregularly into ,ur?ed or -lat pie,e R a+out 1 mm thi,K -rom temR e%ternally younger +arK darK grey to +ro;nR older +arK ?ery roughR une?en and mu,h -i ured tran ?er ely and longitudinallyR +oth marKed ;ith numerou rounded or tran ?er ely elongatedR grey to ;hiti h +ro;n lenti,el R internally +ro;ni hH+u-- to darK greyi hH+ro;nR ome;hat triated and indentedR -ra,tureR hort and moothR -ra,tured ur-a,e ho; a narro;R inner portion tra?er ed +y numerou R -ineR medullary ray and a ?arying pongy outer portion
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- +arK ho; a multiHlayeredR thi,K and thinH;alled ,orKR a +road @one o- e,ondary ,orte% ,ompo ed o- thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell R in,luding many rounded late% ,a?itie R ,attered throughout ti ueR ,ontaining numerou rhom+i, to polygonal ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal R numerou tone ,ell -orming a nonH ,ontinuou layer o- .H3 ,ell R irregularR rounded to linearR -i+reHliKeR +lunt at +oth end R
'.(

internal to e,ondary ,orte% a e,ondary phloem ,ell ,ontaining many ie?e tu+e R ,orK ,ell +ri,K haped to almo t Luare in tran ?er e and longitudinal e,tion and polygonal in ur-a,e ?ie;R ,orK ,am+ium -orm a region o- t;o ro; o- ,ell identi,al to ,orK ,ell R ituated in +et;een ,orK and e,ondary ,orte%R e,ondary phloem ,ell maller in dimen ion than ,orti,al ,ell ,on i ting o- phloem paren,hymaR many ie?e tu+e and ,ompanion ,ell R -i+re a+ ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e A55AA Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 11 ' . 12 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

A ayHContain not le than 4!2 per ,ent o- total alKaloid ;hen a ayed +y the -ollo;ing methodSH 9aKe 2/ g in No! 24 me h po;der! 9ran -er to a ,ontinuou e%tra,tion apparatu and e%tra,t ;ith 64 per ,ent Al,ohol -or . hour (at lea t ' e%tra,tion are e ential"! 0emo?e the ol?ent and tran -er to a eparating -unnel ;ith the help o- a little ;ater and / ml o- 6/ per ,ent Al,ohol! Add a+out 1/ ml o- 8ater and 2 ml o- olution o- 24 per,ent 5odium Hydro%ide to maKe the olution alKaline and e%tra,t ;ith u,,e i?e Luantitie o- Chloro-orm till the e%tra,tion o- alKaloid i ,omplete! 5haKe the ,om+ined Chloro-orm e%tra,t ;ith u,,e i?e Luantitie o- a mi%ture o- . ?olume o- 4!2 N 5ulphuri, A,id and 1 ?olume o- Al,ohol until ,omplete e%tra,tion o- alKaloid i e--e,ted! 8a h the mi%ed a,id olution t;i,e ;ith 14 ml portion o- Chloro-orm and then t;i,e ;ith 14 ml portion o- *ther! 8a h the ,om+ined Chloro-orm and *ther olution ;ith 24 ml o- 4!1 N 5ulphuri, a,id! 9ran -er thi ;a hed a,id e%tra,t to the original a,id e%tra,tR maKe di tin,tly alKaline ;ith olution o- 5odium Hydro%ide and haKe ;ith u,,e i?e portion o- ,hloro-orm till the e%tra,tion o- the alKaloid i ,omplete! 8a h the ,om+ined ,hloro-orm olution ;ith a+out / ml o- ;ater! 0emo?e mo t o- the ,hloro-orm and tran -er the remainder to a mall open di h! 8hen the remo?al o,hloro-orm i almo t ,omplete on ;ater +athR add a+out 2 ml Dehydrated Al,ohol and e?aporate to dryne ! Dry at 144> to ,on tant ;eight and ;eigh a total alKaloid !
CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid (e,hitamineR ditamine and e,hitamidine"!

'0*

P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya 5araR 5nigdha >WZa (aUu AnulomanaR DXpanaR J?araghnaR (uWhaghnaR 0aKtaTodhaKaR 9ridoWaghna

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H AmYtPriWaR rag?adhPdi (?Ptha CVrZaR $aGraKa 9aila! 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR GulmaR J?araR (YmirogaR (uWUhaR 5Pndrameha DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'0'

22! 5hati (0@!"

7AI)

7aUX ,on i t o- li,edR dried rhi@ome o- Hedy,hium pi,atum Ham!e% 5mith (#am! Ningi+era,eae"R a perennial rhi@omatou her+R mea uring upto 1 m o,,ur in part o;e tern and ,entral region o- u+Htropi,al Himalaya at an altitude o- 1/44H2444 mR gro; a+undantly in (umaon and PunGa+!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 7athXR GandhamVliKP (aturiR 5ati 5hatiR (a,hri 5piKed ginger lily (apurKa,hriR (apurKa,hali (apurKa,hri Goul (a,horaR 5eenaKa,horaR (a,hora (apoorKa,hara (at,holamR (at,hooram (apuraKa,hariR Ga+laKa,hari Gandha unthi (a,hurR (a,hoor PoolanKi@angu (i,hili (i@ongu Gandha (a,huralu HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0hi@ome 1/H24 ,m longR 24H2/ mm in diameterR e%ternally yello;i hH+ro;n hut ,hanged to darK +ro;n on torageR drug a?aila+le in pie,e o- 2!/ ,m diameterR edge oea,h pie,e i ,o?ered +y a rough reddi hH+ro;n layer marKed ;ith numerou ,ar and ,ir,ular ring R rudiment o- rootHlet ?i i+leR odourR ,amphora,eou R ta teR +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; an outermo t thi,K layer o- u+eri edR darK +ro;n ,ell o- outer ,orK ,on i ting o- 14H1/ or more layer o- irregular paren,hymatou ,ell R inner ,orK ,on i ting o- a -e; layered light +ro;nR re,tangularR radially arranged ,ell -ollo;ed +y a ;ide @one o- ,orte%R '4H.4 ,ell thi,KR ome ,orti,al ,ell -illed ;ith -lattened and o?alHo+long tar,h grain R numerou oleoHre in ,ell al o -ound in thi region ;hi,h ha?e u+eri ed ;all ,ontaining greenHyello; oilR a thin endodermal layer pre ent +eneath ,orte%R ,entral ,ylinder di tingui hed +y pre en,e o- peripheral ple%u o- irregular ,onge ted ?a ,ular +undle ;ith poorly de?eloped
'0.

me,hani,al ti ue R ?a ,ular +undle ,attered irregularly throughout ground ti ueR +undle ,lo ed and ,ollateral po e ing group o- t;o or more %ylem element R ground ti ue ,ompo ed o- large paren,hymatou ,ell ;ith a+undant tar,h grain and oil!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu 7VlaharaR GrPhXR (apha?PtaghnaR MuKhaTodhana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 3 2 . 3 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Aga tyharXtaKX 0a PyanaR 7aUyPdi CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR 7?P aR ChardiR (P aR (aZ[VR MuKharoga DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'00

2'! 5nuhi (5t!"

+ran,hedR ere,tR gla+rou R u,,ulentR %erophyti, hru+ o,,urring ;ild on ro,Ky ground throughout ,entral :ndia and e%ten i?ely gro;n a a hedge plant!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 5udhPR $aGradrumPR 5nuK HH Mana a iG MilKhedge 9horR (antalo 9huharR 5ehunda Muru (anina (alli (ath (alliR (aiKalli Ni?adung 9horR (antalothor 9hohar *laiKalliR Perum+u (alli (adaGemudu HH

5N>H) 5nuhX ,on i t o- tem o- *uphor+ia nerii-olia Linn! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"R a large

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5temR greenR ,ylindri,alR ho;ingR piral ridge portion onlyR dried temR tough ;ith pair o- harp tipular thorn R ;ith hollo; pa,e in ,entre ,ontaining ;hite reti,ulate ma R ta teR a,rid!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion ho; a ingle layered epidermi ,ompo ed o- Luari hR thinH ;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell R -ollo;ed +y a thi,K @one o- ,orte%R di--erentiated into t;o part R outer o- thin ;alledR re,tangularR o?al and o+long paren,hymatou ,ell o- a+out 24 layer depthR inner ;ider @oneR ,on i ting o- a+out '4H.4 layer o- thinH;alledR o+long or o?oidR elongated paren,hymatou ,ell ha?ing a num+er o- rounded and o?al late% ,ell R ome ,ontain darK yello;i h late%R the num+er o- late% ,ell gradually redu,e to;ard outer ideR +elo; ,orte%R a+out 14 layer o- phloem pre entR ,ontaining group o-i+re to;ard ,orte%R %ylem ,on i t o- ?e el R tra,heid R -i+re and %ylem paren,hymaR pith ,on i t o- thinH;alledR rounded or o?alR paren,hymatou ,ell R tar,h and ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal a+ ent!
'0)

Po;derH Cream yello;R under mi,ro ,ope ho; R ?e el R -i+re and ,orti,al ,ell R tar,h and ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal a+ ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta GuruR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu &hedanaR 9iKWZa?ire,anaR maKapha?Ptahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 1 / 1/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 0e inR gum and triterpene !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H A+hayP La?aZaR CitraKPdi 9ailaR A?ittolPdi &ha maR $aGraKWPra 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7othaR GulmaR (uWUhaR MehaR >dararoga! DO5* H 12/ H2/4 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm! NoteH 7`dhana o- thi drug i to +e done +e-ore u e a de ,ri+ed in appendi%!

'07

2.! 5uK hmaila (#rt!"

and it ?arietie (#am! Ningi+era,eae"R a tout large perennial her+R gro;ing naturally in moi t -ore t o- ;e tern ghat up to 1/44 mR al o ,ulti?ated in many other part o- outh :ndia at an ele?ation -rom 1/4H1/44m!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 9ruUiR *lP 5arooplaa,hi Chota elai,h Cardamom *l,hiR *la,hiR *laya,hi Choti :laya,hi *laKKiR 5anna AalaKKi (ath *lamR Chittelam $ellodaR Lahan?eldodaR $el,hi GuGuratiR Chotaa lei,haR Alai,ha :lla,hiR Chhoti La,hi 5iruelam Chinne *laKuluR 5anna *laKulu Heel (hurd

5=(<MA:L 5VKWmailP ,on i t eed o- dried -ruit o- *lettaria ,ardamomum (Linn!" Maton

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit H 1H2 ,m long o?oid or o+long and more or le three ided ;ith roundedR angle R greeni h to paleH+u-- or yello;i h in ,olourR +a e rounded or ;ith the remain opedi,leR ape% hortly +eaKedR ur-a,e almo t mooth or ;ith light longitudinal triation R mall trilo,ular -ruitR ea,h ,ontaining a+out 1/H24 eed in a ro; o- dou+le R adhering together to -orm ,ompa,t ma ! 5eedHdarK +ro;n to +la,KR a+out . mm long and ' mm +roadR irregularly angularR tran ?er ,:y ;rinKled +ut not pittedR ;ith a longitudinal ,hannel ,ontaining rapheR en,lo ed in a ,olourle R mem+ranou arilR odourR trongly aromati,R ta teR ,hara,teri ti,!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- eed ho; -lattenedR arilR thinH;alled paren,hymatou ,ell R te ta ;ith outer epidermi o- thi,KH;alledR narro;R elongated ,ell R -ollo;ed +y a layer o- ,ollap ed paren,hymaR +e,oming 2 or ' layered in the region o- rapheR
'0,

,ompo ed o- largeR thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell ,ontaining ?olatile oilR a +and o- 2 or ' layer o- paren,hyma and an inner epidermi o- thinH;alledR -lattened ,ell R inner integument 2 layeredR an outer pali ade ,leren,hyma ;ith yello; to reddi hH+ro;n +eaKer haped ,ell R 24 = long in radial dire,tion and 12 = ;ideR thi,Kened on inner and anti,linal ;all R ea,h ,ell ;ith a mall +o;l haped lumen ,ontaining a ;arty nodule oili,a and an inner epidermi o- -lattened ,ell R peri perm ,ell thinH;alledR pa,Ked ;ith minute rounded polyhedral tar,h grain R a+out 1H2 to .H2 = in diameter and ,ontaining 1H1 mall pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR a+out 14H24 = longR endo perm o- thinH ;alled paren,hyma ,ontaining protein a a granular hyaline ma in ea,h ,ellR em+ryoR o- mall thinH;alled ,ell ,ontaining aleurone grain R tar,h a+ ent in endo perm land em+ryoR -i+re ,leren,hymatou R large ?e el pre ent in peri,arp!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR (aUu Laghu 7Xta Madhura AnulomanaR DXpanaR HYdyaR MVtralaR 0o,ana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than Nil per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% . per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 14 per ,entR Appendi% . per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H *lPdi ModaKaR *lPdi CVrZaR 5itopalPdi CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Aru,iR 7?P aR ChardiR (P aR MVtraKY,,hra DO5* H 2/4H/44 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'08

2/! 5hunthi (0@!"

7>BIH)

7uZhUX ,on i t o- dried rhi@ome o- Ningi+er o--i,inale 0o%+! (#am! Ningl+era,eae"R ;idely ,ulti?ated in :ndiaR rhi@ome dug in JanuaryH#e+ruaryR +ud and root remo?edR oaKed o?ernightHin ;aterR de,orti,atedR and ome time treated ;ith lime and dried!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S AuWadhaR MuhauWadhaR NPgaraR $iT?aR $iT?a+heWaGaR 7Ynga?eraR $iT?PR $iT?auPWadha Ada uthR Aadar 5huth 5unthaR 5unthi Ginger rootR Ginger 5unthR 5undhR 5untha 5onth 5hunthi 5honth ChuKKu 5unth 5unthi 5und 5uKKuR ChuKKu 5onthiR 5unti 5onthR NanGa+eel

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0hi@omeR laterally ,ompre ed +earing hortR -latti hR o?ateR o+liLueR +ran,he on upper ide ea,h ha?ing at it ape% a depre ed ,arR pie,e a+out /H1/ ,m longR 1!/H2!/ ,m ;ide (u ually 'H. ,m" and 1H1!/ ,m thi,KR e%ternally +u-- ,oloured ho;ing longitudinal triation and o,,a ional loo e -i+re R -ra,ture hortR moothR tran ?er e ur-a,e e%hi+iting narro; ,orte% (a+out oneHthird o- radiu "R a ;ellHmarKed endodermi and a ;ide tele ho;ing numerou ,attered -i+roH?a ,ular +undle and yello; e,reting ,ell R odour agreea+le and aromati,R ta teR agreea+le and pungent! 9ran ?er e e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orte%! o- i odiametri, thinH;alled paren,hyma ;ith ,attered ?a ,ular trand and numerou i odiametri, idio+la t R a+out .4H34 = :n diameter ,ontaining a yello;i h to reddi hH+ro;n oleoHre inR endodermi lightly thi,K ;alledR -ree -rom tar,h immediately in ide endodermi a ro; o- nearly
'0-

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

,ontinuou ,ollateral +undle u ually ;ithout -i+re tele o- thinH;alledR paren,hyma ,ell R arranged radially around numerou ,atteredR ,ollateral ?a ,ular +undle R ea,h ,on i ting o- a -e; unligni-iedR reti,ulate or piral ?e el upto a+out 14 = in diameterR a group o- phloem ,ell R unligni-iedR thinH;alledR eptate -i+re upto a+out '4 = ;ide and 244 = long ;ith mall o+liLue litR liKe pit R pre entR numerou ,attered idio+la t R imilar tho e o- ,orte%R and a o,iated ;ith ?a ,ular +undle R al o pre entR idio+la t a+out 3H24 = ;ide and up to 1'4 = long ;ith darK reddi hH+ro;n ,ontent S in ingle or in a%ial ro; R adGa,ent to ?e el R pre entR paren,hyma o- ,orte% and tele pa,Ked ;ith -lattenedR re,tangularR o?ateR tar,h grain R mo tly /H1/ = H '4H24 = long a+out 2/ = ;ide and 1 = thi,KR marKed +y -i?e tran ?er e triation !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1!/ per ,entR Appendi% ' per ,entR Appendi% 14 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR pungent ,on tituent (gingerol and hogaol"R re inou

matter and tar,h!

P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu LaghuR 5nigdha >WZa Madhura AnulomanaR DXpanaR HYdyaR PP,anaR $PtaKaphPpahaR madoWahara

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5au+hPgyaTuZhUXR 9riKauR 5au+hPgya $atiR $aiT?Pnara CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR 7?P aR dhmPnaR ma?PtaR PPZ[uR >dararoga DO5* H 1H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'0(

22! 5?arnapatri (L-!"

5$A0BAPA90:

5?arZapatri ,on i t o- dried lea?e o- Ca ia angu ti-olia $ahl (#am! Legumino ae"R a mall hru+R 24H1/ ,m highR -ound throughout the yearR ,ulti?ated largely in 5outhern :ndiaR e pe,ially in di tri,t o- 9inne?ellyR Madurai and 9iru,hirapally and ha al o +een introdu,ed in My oreR -ully gro;nR thi,K +lui h ,olour lea?e tripped o-- +y handR ,olle,ted and dried in hade -or 1H14 day R till a ume a yello;i hHgreen ,olourR graded and then pa,Ked into large +ale !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S MPdanX 5onamuKhi 5?amamuKhiR 5onapata :ndian 5enna! 9inne?elly 5enna Mindhia?alR 5onamuKhi 5anayaR Hindi ana Nela?ariKaR 5onamuKhiR Nelaa?areR Nela?ariKeR Nela AanriaKe 5na 5unnamuKhiR Nila?aKaR ChinnuKKiR Adapatiyan 5onamuKhi 5unamuKhi 5annamaKhiR 5anapatiR 5arnapatta NilapponnaiR A?arai 5unamuKhi 5enaR &argHeH5ana

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Lea-let R 2!/H2 ,m long and 1H1/ mm ;ide at ,entreR pale yello;i hHgreenR elongated lan,eolateR lightly a ymmetri, at +a eR margin entireR -iat ape% a,ute ;ith a harp pineR +oth ur-a,e mooth ;ith par e tri,home R odourR -aint +ut di tin,ti?eR ta te mu,ilagenou and di agreea+le +ut not di tin,tly +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- lea-let through midri+ ho; an i o+ilateral tru,tureR epidermal ,ell R traight ;alled ,ontaining mu,ilageR +oth ur-a,e +ear ,atteredR uni,ellular hairR o-ten ,oni,alR ,ur?ed near +a eR thi,KH;alledR nonHligni-iedR ;arty ,uti,leR tomataR para,yti,R numerou on +oth ur-a,e R me ophyll ,on i t o- upper and lo;er pali ade layer ;ith pongy layer in +et;eenR pali ade ,ell o- upper ur-a,e longer than tho e o- lo;er ur-a,e the latter ha?ing ;a?y anti,linal ;all R pri maati,
')*

,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate pre ent on larger ?ein and ,lu ter o- ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal di tri+uted throughout the pali ade and pongy ti ue R midri+ +i,on?e%R +undle o- midri+ and larger ?ein R in,ompletely urrounded +y a @one peri,y,li, -i+re and a ,ry tal heath o- paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu 0e,ana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 1 1. 2 ' 2/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AnthraLuinoneR glu,o ideR -la?onoid R teroid and re in!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Paa,a aKPra CVrZaR 5Pri?PdyP a?a 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H >dararogaR $i+andha DO5* H 4!/H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

')'

21! 5?etaGiraKa (#rt!"

>m+elli-erae"R a gla+rou R annual her+R '4H64 ,m hightR -lo;er ?ery mallR ;hiteR a+out '3 mm long talK in ,ompound um+el R mo tly ,ulti?ated in plain R plant pulled outR dried thra hed -or ,olle,ting mature -ruit !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S AGPGiR JiraKaR AGPGiKP Jira JiraR 5adaGira Cumin eed! Cumin JirautmiR JirnR JiraugiR JeeruR Jirun JiraR 5a-ed Gira JirageR &ileGirege 5a-ed Noor JeeraKam Pandhare Gire DhalaGeeraR DalaGiraR Jira 5a-ed JiraR Chitta Jira 5heeragamR ChiraKamR JeeraKam JilaKarraR 9ella JilaKarra NirahR Nira a-ed

7$*9AJ:0A(A 7?etaGiraKa ,on i t o- ripe -ruit o- Cuminum ,yminumR Linn! (#am!

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruitR a ,remo,arpR o-ten eparated into meri,arp R +ro;n ;ith light ,oloured ridge ellip oidalR elongatedR a+out .H2 mm longR 2 mm ;ideR tapering at end and lightly ,ompre ed laterallyR meri,arp ;ith / longitudinal hairy primary ridge -rom +a e to ape%R alternating ;ith . e,ondary ridge ;hi,h are -latter and +ear ,on pi,uou emergen,e R eed ortho permou R odour um+elli-erou ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR ri,hly pi,y!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; epidermi ,on i ting o- hort polygonalR ta+ular ,ell den ely ,o?ered ;ith hortR +ri tle hair on ridge R me o,arp ;ith -e; layer oparen,hyma and -i?e ?a ,ular +undle under -i?e primary ridge R i% ?ittae under e,ondary ridge R -our on dor al and t;o on ,ommi ural ur-a,eR endo,arp ,on i t opolygonal ,ell ,ontaining -i%ed oil and aleurone grain ,arpophore ,on i t o- lender -i+re !
').

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUu LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu DXpanaR GrPhXR (YmighnaR (apha?PtaharaR PP,anaR 0u,ya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 3 1 1 1/ per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Hi]g?Pdi CVrZaR JXraKPdyariWUaR JiraKPdimodaKaR Hi ]gu?a,Pdi CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR Ati PraR (Ymiroga DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

')0

23! 5?eta 5ari?a

A ,lepiada,eae"R a pro trate or emiHere,t hru+ -ound throughout :ndia -rom upper Gangeti, plain ea tH;ard to A amR throughout CentralR 8e tern and 5outhern :ndia upto an ele?ation o- 244 m!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S

7$*9A 50:$ 7?eta 5Pri?P ,on i t o- root o- Hemide mu indi,u (Linn!" 0! &r! (#am!

AnantPR Gopa utPR 5Pri?P $aga 5ari?a AnantamulR 5h?eta hari?a :ndian 5ara a Parilla >pal ariR (a+ri Anantamul Namada ?eruR &ili Namada+eruR AnantamoolR 5ogade+eruR Namada+eru Anant mool NannariR NannarR Naruneendi >pal ariR Anantamula Drala h?an Lai Anantamool AnantmoolR > h+ah $en Nannar 5ugandhi PalaR 9ella 5ugandhi > h+a Hindi

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, 0oot o,,ur in pie,e R a+out '4 ,m long and 'H3 mm in diameterR ,ylindri,alR thi,KR hardR ome;hat tortuou R par,ely +ran,hedR pro?ided ;ith -e; thi,K rootlet and e,ondary root R e%ternal appearan,e darK +ro;nR ometime ;ith ?iolet grey tingeR ,entre yello;R ;oodyR urrounded +y a mealy ;hite ,orti,al layerR +arK +ro;ni hR ,orKyR marKed ;ith tran ?er e ,ra,K and longitudinal -i ure and ea ily deta,ha+le -rom the hard ,entral ,oreR odourR ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR ;eeti hR lightly a,rid and aromati,! +" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; periderm ,on i ting o- three layer o- ti ue R ,orKR ,orK ,am+ium and e,ondary ,orte%R ,orK ,ell radially -lattened and re,tangular in appearan,e -illed ;ith darK +ro;n ,ontent gi?ing rea,tion o- tannin R ,orK ,am+iumR 2 or ' layeredR ,ompre edR and -illed ;ith deep +ro;n ,ontent R e,ondary ,orte%R 'H. layer o- ,ell R imilar to ,orK ,ell R ;ith ?ery little or no darK +ro;n ,ontent R
'))

e,ondary phloem ,on i t o- ie?e element R paren,hymaR phloem ray ,ell along ;ith e?eral lati,i-erou du,t R paren,hyma ,ell -illed ;ith tar,h grain R diameter 1H14 =R o,,a ional pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR lati,i-erou du,t ,attered in paren,hymatou ti ueR ,am+ium ?ery narro;S %ylem tra?er ed +y narro; medullary ray R ?e el and tra,heid ,hara,teri ed +y the pre en,e o- pitted marKing R pith a+ ent and ,entral region o,,upied +y ;oody ti ue !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S Madhura GuruR 5nigdha 7Xta Madhura 0aKtaTodhaKaR $iWaghnaR 9ridoWanPTanaR DipanaR manPTanaR J?arahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% . per ,entR Appendi% 4!/ per ,entR Appendi% 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 1' per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H *a ential oilR aponinR re inR tannin R terol and glu,o ide !

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5Pri?PdyP a?a 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR Aru,iR Ati PraR 7?P aR J?araR (P aR (aZ[VR (uWUhaR 0aKta?iKPra DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

')7

26! 9agara (0@!"

9AGA0A

9agara ,on i t o- predominantly dried rhi@omeR tolon and mall portion o- root o$aleriana ;alli,hii DCR (#am!$aleriana,eae"S a hairy perennial her+R gro;ing in temperate Himalaya -rom (a hmir to &hutan and (ha ia hiil upto an altitude o- 'R444 mR rhi@ome dug in autumnR ;ell ;a hed ;ith ;ater and dried!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S (PlPnu PriR (PlPnu PriKPR Nata 9agar 9agar PaduKa :ndian $alerian 9agar GanthodaR 9agar GanthoR Ghoda;aG Mu hK+alaR 5ugandha+ala Mandi+attalR Mandya?anthuR Mandi+attaluR 9agar &alaR Mu hK+ala 9haKaram 9agarR Ganthode 9agarapaduKaR Jala hiuli Mu hKo+alaR 5ugandh+ala 9agarai Grandhi 9agaramu 9agar

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0hi@omeR o- a+out .H3 ,m long and .H14 mm thi,K pie,e R dull yello;i hH+ro;! u+H,ylindri,a1 and dor i?entrally ome;hat -lattenedR roughR lightly ,ur?ed and un+ran,hedR upper ur-a,e marKed ;ith rai ed en,ir,ling lea- ,ar R under ur-a,e +earing numerou R mallR ,ir,ular prominentR root ,ar and a -e; tout rootlet R ,ro;n +earing remain o- aerial tem ;ith ,ale lea?e R -ra,ture hort and hornyR tolon ,onne,ting rhi@ome toutR 1H/ mm long and 2H. mm thi,KR yello;i hHgrey in ,olourR longitudinally ;rinKledR u ually ;ith node and internode and +earing ad?entitiou root R o,,a ionally thin tolon 1H2 mm thi,KR rootR yello;i hH+ro;nR 'H/ ,m long and 1 mm thi,KR odourR trong and remini ,ent o- i o?aleri, a,idR ta teR +itter and ome;hat ,amphora,eou !
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

0hi@ome H tran ?er e e,tion o- rhi@ome ho; ,orKR ,on i ting o- .H1. layer oligni-iedR ,ell o,,a ionally ,ontaining oil glo+ule R ,orte% paren,hymatou ,ontaining
'),

numerou tar,h grain oil glo+ule and yello;i hH+ro;n u+ tan,eR outer 2 or ' layer o,orte%R ,ollen,hymatou o,,a ional root tra,e appear a paler trand R endodermi ingle layeredR peri,y,leR parea,hymatou !and ;ithin it 12H13 ,ollateral ?a ,ular +undle R eparated +y darK medullary ray pre entR pith largeR paren,hymatou R la,unarR ,ontaining tar,h gram R tar,h o,,ur a ingle or o,,a ional ,ompound grain o- t;o ,omponent R indi?idual grain +eing 1H'4 = mo tlyR 14H2/ = in diameter ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal a+ ent! 5tolonHHtran ?er e e,tion o- tolon ho; ,orKR ,on i ting o- 2H/ layer R ,orte% upto 2/ layer R parea,hymatou R -ollo;ed +y 24 ,ollateral ?a ,ular +undle R ;hi,h in young tolon eparated +y ,ellulo i, paren,hymatou medullary ray and in older tolon +e,ome ligni-iedR pith ;ide and la,unarR root tra,e a+ ent! 0ootH tran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; mallR ,entral paren,hymatou pithR urroundod +y tetra,h to polyar,h %ylem and a ;ide paren,hymatou +arK!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 5nigdha >WZa (aUu $iWaghnaR 9ridoWaharaR 0aKtadoWaharaR MPna adoWhara! H DhPn?antara 9ailaR MahPnPrPyaZa 9ailaR De?adPr?PdyariWaR JPtiphalPdi CVrZa Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 12 14 '4 16 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5

9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H NetrarogaR Apa mPraR >nmPdaR 7iroroga DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

')8

14! 9amalaKi (0t! 5t!O L-!"

9MALA()

9PmalaKX ,on i t o- rootR tem and lea- o- Phyllanthu -raternu 8e+ t! 5yn! Phyllanthu niruri HooK! -! non Linn! (#am! *uphor+ia,eae"R an annual her+R 24H24 ,m highR -ound in Central and 5outhern :ndia e%tending to Ceylon!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S MahidhPtriKPR &hVmyPmalaKXR &ahuphalP &huin Amla &humamlaR &humi amalaKi HH &hoi AmaliR &hony amariR &honyamali &hui Amala Nelanelli (ath (i@anelliR (ee@hanelliR AGGhada &huia;ali &huin Amla Lodhar (i@huKai nelliR (i@anelli Nela u iriKa HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

0ootH mallR 2!/H11 !4 ,m long! nearly traightR gradually taperingR ;ith a num+er o-i+rou e,ondary and tertiary root R e%ternal ur-a,e light +ro;nR -ra,tureR hort! 5temH5lenderR ga+rou R light +ro;nR ,ylindri,alR 24H1/ ,m longR +ran,hing pro-u e to;ard upper region +earing /H14 pair o- lea?e R internodeR 1H'!/ ,m longR odourR indi tin,tR ta teR lightly +itter! Lea-H,ompound and lea-Hlet arranged in t;o ro; ;ith a ra,hi R alternateR oppo ite and de,u ate almo t e ileR tipulateR o+longR entireR upto 1!/ ,m long and 4!/ ,m ;ideR greeni hH+ro;n in ,olourR odourR indi tin,tR ta teR lightly +itter
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

0ootHtran ?er e e,tion ho; R .H2 layer o- ,orK ,on i ting o- thinH;alledR re,tangularR tangentially elongated and radially arranged ,ell R -illed 8ith reddi hH+ro;n ,ontentR e,ondary ,orte% ,on i t o- 3H14 layer o- thinH;alledR tangentially elongated
')-

paren,hymatou ,ell R e,ondary phloem narro; ,on i ting o- ie?e element R phloem paren,hyma and tra?er ed +y narro; phloem ray R e,ondary %ylem repre ented +y a +road @one o- ti ue R ,ompo ed o- ?e el R tra,heid R -i+re and paren,hymaR all element +eing thi,KH;alled and ligni-ied ha?ing imple pit R %ylem ray uni eriate! 5temHtran ?er e e,tion ho; R a ingle layered epidermi ,ompo ed o- thi,KH;alledR -lattenedR tangentially elongated ,ell R older tem ho; .H/ layer o- ,orKR ,ompo ed othinH;alledR ta+ularR tangentially elongated and radially arranged ,ell R -illed 8ith reddi hH+ro;n ,ontentR ,orte% ,ompo ed o- .H2 layer o- o?alR tangentially elongatedR thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell R ome ,orti,al ,ell -illed ;ith yello;i hH+ro;n ,ontentR endodermi Luite di tin,tR peri,y,le repre ented +y a di ,ontinuou ringR ,ompo ed o- e?eral tangentially elongated trand o- ligni-ied -i+re ;ith thi,K ;all and narro; lumenR e,ondary phloem narro;R ,ompo ed o- ie?e element R di per ed in ma o- phloem paren,hymaR e,ondary %ylem ,ompo ed o- ?e el R -i+re R paren,hyma and tra?er ed +y numerou uni eriate ray R ?e el mo tly imple pittedR a -e; ho; piral thi,Kening R -i+re narro; elongatedR ;ith narro; or ometime +lunt end ;ith imple pit R ,entreR o,,upied +y a pith ,ompo ed o- thinH;alledR ,ir,ular to o?al paren,hymatou ,ell R o,,a ionally ,lu ter ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate pre ent in paren,hymatou ,ell o- ground ti ue! Lea-Htran ?er e e,tion o- lea- ho; R a +i,on?e% outlineR epidermi on either ideR ingle layered ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR a pali ade layer pre ent +eneath upper epidermi R inter,epted +y a -e; paren,hymatou ,ell in the middleR meri tele ,ompo ed o- mall trand o- %ylem to;ard upper ur-a,e and phloem to;ard lo;er ur-a,eR re t o- ti ue o- lea- ,ompo ed o- thinH;alledR paren,hymatou ,ell ome ha?ing ,lu ter ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR lamina ho; a dor i?entral tru,tureR me ophyll di--erentiated into pali ade and pongy paren,hymaR epidermi on either ide ,ompo ed o- thinH;a1ledR tangentially elongated ,ell R ,o?ered e%ternally +y a thi,K ,uti,leR ani o,yti, type tomata pre ent on +oth epidermi e R pali ade ingle layeredR me ophyll ,ompo ed o- 'H/ layer o- loo ely arranged ,ell ha?ing a num+er o- ?ein tra?er ed in thi regionR a -e; ,lu ter ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate pre ent in pongy paren,hyma! Po;derHPo;der o- the drugR +ro;n ,olouredR under mi,ro ,ope ho; R -ragment o,orK ,ell R ?e el and -i+re !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than
')(

2 12 1 ' 1'

per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi%

2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Phyllanthin! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa 7Xta Madhura MVtralaR 0o,anaR DPhanPTanXR PittaTPmaKa

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Cya?anaprPTaR CitraKa HarXtaKiR MadhuyaWUyddi 9ailaR Pippalyddi GhYtaR 5atP?arXguda 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AmlapittaR (P aR (WayaR (uWUhaR PPZ[uR PramehaR 9YWPR (WataR M Vtraroga DO5* H 14H24 ml o- the drug in Gui,e -orm! 'H2 o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'7*

11! 9?aK (&K!"

9$A(

9?aK i the dried inner +arK (de?oid o- ,orK and ,orte%" o- the ,oppi,ed hoot otem o- Cinnamomum @eylani,um &lume! (#am! Laura,eae"R a moderate i@ed e?ergreen tree u ually attaining a height o- 2H1 !/ mR ,ulti?ated on the 8e tern Ghat and adGoining hill R +arK ,olle,ted during AprilHJuly and O,to+erHDe,em+er!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S DPru itP Dal,heni Daru,hiniR Dar,hini Cinnamon +arK Dal,hini Dal,hini Dal,hini ChaKKe Dal,hiniR Dal,hin (aru?apattaR :la?arngathely Dal,hini Dale,hiniR Guda t;aK Dal,hiniR Dar,hini La?angapattaiR (aru?apattai La?angapattaR Dal,hini ,heKKa Dar,hini

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

&arK pie,e a+out 4!/ mm thi,KR +rittleR o,,ur a ingle or dou+leR ,lo ely pa,Ked ,ompound Luill R upto a metre or more in length and upto a+out 1 ,m in diameterR outer ur-a,eR dull yello;i hH+ro;nR marKed ;ith pale ;a?y longitudinal line ;ith o,,a ional mall ,ar or hole R inner ur-a,e darKer in ,olourR triated ;ith longitudinally elongated reti,ulationR -ra,tureR plinteryR -ree -rom all +ut tra,e o- ,orKR odourR -ragrantR ta teR ;eetR aromati, ;ith en ation o- ;armth!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- +arK (de?oid o- ,orK and ,!orte%" ho; e%,ept at ,ertain pla,e peri,y,li, ,leren,hymaR ' or . ro; o- i odiametri, ,ell R ometime tangentially elongatedR inner and radial ;all o-ten +eing thi,Ker than the outerR ome ,ontaining tar,h grain R mall group o- peri,yli, -i+re em+edded at inter?al in the ,leren,hymaR phloem o- tangential +and o- ie?e ti ue alternating ;ith paren,hymaR and ,ontaining a%ially elongated e,reting ,ell ,ontaining ?olatile oil or mu,ilageR phloem -i+re ;ith
'7'

?ery thi,K ;all R upto '4 = in diameterR i olated or in hort tangential ro; R ie?e tu+e narro; ;ith tran ?er e ie?e plate R ,ollap ed in outer peripheryR medullary ray oi odiametri, ,ell R mo tly 2 ,ell ;ideR ,orti,al paren,hyma and medullary ray ,ontaining mall tar,h grain mo tly +elo; 14 = in diameterR minute a,i,ular ,ry tal o,al,ium o%alate pre ent!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu (apha?PtaharaR 0u,yaR $iWaghnaR (aZUhaTuddhiKara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 2 ' 2 2 ' 1 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR tannin and mu,ilage!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H 5itopalPdi CVrZaR CaturGPta CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ArTaR HYdrogaR (YmirogaR 9YWPR MuKhaToWaR (aZUhamuKharogaR Pina aR $a tiroga DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'7.

12! 9?aKapatra (L-!"

9$A(PA90A

9?aKpatra ,on i t o- dried mature lea?e o- Cinnamomum tamala (&u,h! Ham!" Nee O *+erm! (#am! Laura,eae"S a mall e?ergreen tree upto 1!/ m high and o,,ur in tropi,alR u+H tropi,al Himalaya +et;een 644H2'44 mR o-ten rai ed -rom eed R o;n in nur eryR lea?e ,olle,ted in dry ;eather -rom a+out ten year old plant during O,to+erH Mar,h!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S PatraR $arP]gaR Co,a 9eGpatR Mahpat 9eGpatraR 9eGpata :ndian Cinnamon 9amala patraR De?elee 9eGpatra 9amalapatraR Dal,hini *le Dal,hini panR 9aGpatra (aru?apatta patram 9amalpatra 9eGapatra 9aGpater La?angapatri AKupatri 9e@pat

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Lea?e H12!/H24 ,m longR /H1!/ ,m ;ide at the ,entreR ' ,on?erging ner?e -rom +a e to ape% young lea?e pinKR petiole 1!/H1' mm longR margin entireR ape% a,ute or a,,uminateR +oth ur-a,e moothR tomata para,yti, odourR aromati,R ta teR lightly ;eetR mu,ilaginou and aromati,!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

Petiole and midri+Htran ?er e e,tion o- petiole and midri+ ho; epidermi e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,leR uni eriateR multi,ellular (1 to ' ,ell "R tri,home pre entR oil ,ell ingle or in groupR i olated large tone ,ell R mu,h ligni-ied ho;ing triation -ound ,atteredR mo t o- the paren,hymatou ,ell o- ,orte% ;ith reddi hH+ro;n ,ontent R peri,y,le repre ented +y a -e; layer o- ,leren,hymatou ,ell R tele more or le plano,on?e% a in the midri+ o- lea-R %ylem on upper and phloem on lo;er ide ,on i ting o- u ual element R pre ent!
'70

LaminaHtran ?er e e,tion o- lamina ho; dor i?entral tru,tureR repre ented +y pali ade ti ue on upper and pongy paren,hyma on lo;er ideR epidermi ame a in midri+R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,leR +elo; upper epidermi ingle ro; o- ,lo ely pa,Ked pali ade layer -ollo;ed +y multilayeredR irregularR thinH;alled ,ell o- pongy paren,hyma ;ithout inter,ellular pa,e R idio+la t ,ontaining oil glo+ule pre ent in me ophyll and al o in pali adeR lo;er epidermi ,o?ered e%ternally ;ith ,uti,leR lamina inter?ened +y e?eral mall ?einlet S ?a ,ular +undle ,o?ered ;ith thi,KH;alled -i+re on +oth ide!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S MadhuraR (aUu LaghuR Pi,,hilaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu (apha?PtaharaR 0u,yaR ArToghna Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than 2 / 1 2 6 1 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil (dH? phellandrene and eugenol"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H CitraKPdi 9ailaR (P X Pdi 9ailaR $aGraKa 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ArTaR Aru,iR PXna aR HYllP a DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'7)

1'! >dum+ara (&K"

0o%+! (#am! Mora,eae"R a large de,iduou tree di tri+uted all o?er indiaR -ound throughout the yearR gro; in e?ergreen -ore t R moi t lo,alitie and +anK o- tream to the ele?ation o- 1344 mR o-ten ,ulti?ated in ?illage -or hade and it edi+le -ruit !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 5adPphala JangedumuruR Aagyadimru JagnadumurR Aagnadumur Clu ter #ig! Country -ig! >m+roR >merdoR >mardoR >marado GularaR Gular AttihanninamaraR Oudum+araR AthimaraR Attigida 0um+al Athi AttiR GularR >m+er JaGnadim+riR Dim+iri (ath GularR Gular Atti AttiR Medi Gular

>D>M&A0A >dum+ara ,on i t o- dried +arK o- #i,u ra,emo a Linn! 5yn! #i,u glomerata

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

&arK greyi hHgreenR ur-a,e o-t and une?enR 4!/H1!3 ,m thi,KR on ru++ing ;hite papery -laKe ,ome out -rom outer ur-a,eR inner ur-a,e light +ro;nR -ra,ture -i+rou R ta teR mu,ilaginou ;ithout any ,hara,teri ti, odour!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- +arK ho; ,orKR 'H2 layer o- thinH;alled ,ell -illed ;ith +ro;ni h ,ontentR ,orK ,am+ium ingle layeredR e,ondary ,orte% 2H12 layeredR ,ompo ed o- thinH;alled re,tangular ,ell arranged regularlyR a num+er o- e,ondary ,orte% ,ell ,ontain tar,h grain and ome ,ontain rhom+oidal ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR mo t o- the ,ell -illed ;ith ,hloropla t gi?ing green appearan,eR ,orte% a -airly ;ide @one ,ompo ed o- ,ir,ular to o+longR thinH;alled ,ell R ,ontaining orangeH+ro;n ,ontentR mo t o- the ,ell -illed ;ith imple and ,ompound tar,h grain R a num+er o,ell al o ,ontain ,u+i,al and rhom+oidal ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR ome ,orti,al ,ell get ligni-ied ;ith pitted ;all -ound ,attered ingly or in large group throughout
'77

,orti,al regionR e,ondary phloem a ?ery ;ide @one ,ompo ed o- paren,hyma ;ith pat,he o- ie?e tu+e R ,ompanion ,ell +y medullary ray R phloem paren,hyma ,ir,ular to o?al and thinH;alledR phloem -i+re mu,h elongatedR ligni-iedR ?ery hea?ily thi,Kened and po e a ?ery narro; lumenS medullary ray uni to penta eriate ;iden to;ard peripheral region R a num+er o- ray ,ell al o get ligni-ied and ho; pitted ;all a de ,ri+ed a+o?eR lati,i-erou ,ell al o -ound in phloem region imilar to paren,hyma +ut -illed ;ith mall granular ma e R tar,h grain and rhom+oidal ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate al o -ound in mo t o- phloem paren,hyma and ray ,ell R ,am+iumR ;hen pre entR 2H' layeredR o- tangentially elongated thinH;alled ,ell !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e CON59:9>*N95 H 9annin ! P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aWPya GuruR 0VKWa 7Xta (aUu (aphapittaTPmaKaR MedoharaR MVtra a]grahaZXyaR $raZaTodhaKaR $raZaropaKaR 0aKta tam+hana! Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1. 1 1 6 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NyagrodhPdi (?Ptha CVrZaR MVtra a]grahaZXya (aWPya CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H DPhaR MedorogaR 0aKtapittaR AonidoWa DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;der -orm! 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

'7,

1.! >paKun,hiKa (&K!"

her+R ./ H24 ,m highR mo tly ,ulti?ated in PunGa+R Hima,hal Prade hR &ihar and A am!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 5thVlaGXraKaR >paKua,XR 5uWa?X HH Mota (alaGiraR (alaGira 5mall #ennelR Nigella 5eed (alonGi GeeruR (alounGi (alaunGiR Mangaraila (ariGirige (ath (arinGiraKam (alaunGi GireR (aleGire HH (al?anGi (arunGeeraKamR (arunGiragam PeddaGila Karra (alongi

>PA(>DC:( >paKua,iKP ,on i t o- eed o- Nigella ati?a Linn! (#am! 0anun,ula,eae"R a mall

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, +" Mi,ro ,opi,

5eed R -lattenedR o+longR angularR rugulo e tu+er,ularR mallR -unnel hapedR 4!2 ,m! long and 4!1 ,m! ;ideR +la,KR odourR lightly aromati,R ta teR +itter! 9ran ?er e e,tion o- eed ho; ingle layer o- epidermi ,on i ting oellipti,alR thi,KH;alled ,ell ,o?ered e%ternally +y a papillo e ,uti,leR -illed ;ith reddi hH+ro;n ,ontentR epidermi -ollo;ed +y 2H. layer o- thi,KH;alledR tangentially elongatedR paren,hymatou ,ell R -ollo;ed +y a pigmented layer ,ompo ed otangentially elongatedR ,ylindri,al thi,KH;alled ,ell -illed ;ith reddi hH+ro;n pigmentR +elo; pigmented layerR paren,hyma ,ompo ed o- thi,KH;alled re,tangularR radially elongated ,ell R pre ent in a layerR endo perm ,on i t o- moderately thi,KH;alledR re,tangular to polygonal ,ell R a -e; -illed ;ith oil glo+ule R em+ryo em+edded in endo perm! Po;derH&la,KR oily to tou,hR under mi,ro ,ope ho;R group o- paren,hymaR endo perm ,ell and oil glo+ule !
'78

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu CaKWuWyaR DXpanaR HYdyaR (YmighnaR MedhyaR PP,anaR PittalaR 0u,yaR 5a]grPhXR $PtaKaphPpahaR Gar+hPTaya?iTodhana Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 4!2 per ,entR Appendi% 24 per ,entR Appendi% 1/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oilR -i%ed oilR re inR aponin and tannin!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H NPrPyaZa CVrZaR (PZKPyana GuUiKP 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H Ati PraR dhmPnaR GulmaR (Ymiroga DO5* H 1H' g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

'7-

1/! $aruna (5t!&K!"

$A0>BA

$aruZa ,on i t o- dried tem +arK o- Cratae?a nur?ala &u,hHHam (#am! Capparida,eae"R a mall ;ild or ,ulti?ated tree -ound throughout the year in :ndiaR o-ten -ound along tream R al o in dryR deep +oulder -ormation in 5u+HHimalayan tra,t !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S $araZa HH $aruna 9hree lea?ed ,aper $ay?arnoR $arano &arunaR &arna &ipatriR Mattama?uR Neer?alamara (ath Neermatalam $aya?arnaR Hara?arnaR $aron &aryno &arnaR &arnahi Maralingam &il?arani HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

9hi,Kne or +arK ?arie R u ually 1H1!/ ,m a,,ording to the age and portion o- the plant -rom ;here the +arK i remo?edR outer ur-a,eR greyi h to greyi hH+ro;n ;ith a hH grey pat,he R at pla,e R ur-a,e rough due to a num+er o- lenti,el R hallo; -i ure and a -e; ?erti,al or longitudinal ridge R inner mo t ur-a,e mooth and ,ream ;hite in ,olourR -ra,ture tough and hortR odourR indi tin,tR ta teR lightly +itter!
+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- mature tem +arK ho; R an outer ,orK ,ompo ed o- thinH ;alledR re,tangular and tangentially elongated ,ell R phellogen ingle layeredR thinH ;alledR tangentially elongated ,ell -ollo;ed +y a ;ide e,ondary ,orte%R ,on i ting othinH;alledR polygonal to tangentially elongated ,ell ;ith a num+er o- tar,h grain R tar,h grain mo tly impleR o,,a ionally ,ompound ;ith 2H' ,omponent al o pre ent^R large num+er o- tone ,ell in group o- t;o or moreR -ound ,attered in e,ondary ,orte%R ingle tone ,ell not ?ery ,ommonR tone ,ell ?ary in i@e and hapeR +eing ,ir,ular to re,tangular or elongated ;ith pit and triation on their ;all R tone ,ell
'7(

di tri+uted ome;hat in ,on,entri, +and in phloem region e%,ept in inner region ophloem ;hi,h i de?oid o- tone ,ell R e,ondary phloem ,omparati?ely a ;ide @oneR ,on i ting o- ie?e tu+e R ,ompanion ,ell R paren,hyma and group o- tone ,ell R alternating ;ith medullary ray R ie?e element -ound ,ompre ed -orming ,eraten,hyma in outer phloem regionR ;herea in inner region o- phloemR inta,tR medullary ray mo tly multi eriate ,ompo ed o- thinH;alledR radially elongated ,ell R tangentially elongated to;ard outer peripheryR a num+er o- tar,h grain imilar to e,ondary ,orte% al o pre ent in phloem and ray ,ell R -e; rhom+oidal ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alate al o -ound in thi regionR inner mo t layer i ,am+ium!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya LaghuR 0VKWa >WZa (aUu &hedXR DXpanaR $PtaTleWmahara Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1' 1 1 3 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 5aponin and tannin!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $aruZPdi (?Ptha CVrZa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H ATmarXR GulmaR MVtraKY,,hraR $idradhi DO5* H 24H'4 g o- the drug -or de,o,tion!

',*

12! $a a (L-!"

$5

$P P ,on i t o- -re hR driedR mature lea?e o- Adhatoda ?a i,a Nee (#am! A,antha,eae"R a u+Hher+a,eou +u hR -ound throughout the year in plain and u+H Himalayan tra,t in :ndiaR a ,ending upto 1244mR -lo;er during #e+ruaryHMar,h and al o at the end o- rainy ea onR lea?e tripped o-- -rom older tem and dried in drying hed !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S $YWaR tarVWaR $P aKa 9ita+ahaKR &ahaKR $a,haKa &aK aR $a aKa $a aKa Adu oR Ardu iR Adul o Adu R Aru a Ad aleR Adu ogeR Ataru haR Ad oleR Ada ale $a a AttalataKa mR AtalotaKam $a aR Adul a &a anga &heKarR $an aR Aru a $a am+uR Adathodai Adda aramu Adu aR &a a

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Lea?e R 14H'4 ,m long and 'H14 ,m +roadR lan,eolate to o?ateHlan,eolateR lightly a,uminateR +a e taperingR petiolateR petiole 2H3 ,m longR e% tipuliteR gla+re ,entR 3H14 pair o- lateral ?ein +earing -e; hair R dried lea?e dull +ro;n a+o?eR light greyi h +ro;n +elo;R odourR ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR +itter!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- lea- ho; R dor i?entral ur-a,e ;ith 2 layer o- pali ade ,ell R in ur-a,e ?ie;R epidermal ,ell inuou ;ith anomo,yti, tomata on +oth ur-a,e R more numerou on the lo;erR ,lothing tri,home -e;R 1H'R rarely upto / ,elledR thinH ;alledR uni eriateR upto /44 = and glandular tri,home ;ith ni,ellular talK and . ,elled head mea uringR 2/H'2 = in diameter in ur-a,e ?ie;R ,y tolith in me ophyll layer R elongated and ,igar hapedR a,i,ular and pri mati, -orm o- ,al,ium o%alate ,ry tal pre ent in me ophyll R pali ade ratioR /H2R /H3!/R tomatal inde%R 14!3H1.!2H13!1 -or lo;er ur-a,e!
','

:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKtaR (aWPya Laghu 7Xta (aUu HYdya!R (aphapittaharaR 0aKta a]grPhiKaR (P aghna Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 21 1 ' 22 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H AlKaloid and e ential oil!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $P aKP a?aR $P P?aleha 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7?P aR (PmalPR (P aR (WayaR (uWUhaR PramehaR 0aKtapitta DO5* H 14H24 ml o- the Gui,e o- -re h lea?e ! 14H24 g o- the dried drug -or de,o,tion!

',.

11! $idanga (#rt!"

$:CADGA

$i[aaga ,on i t o- dried mature -ruit o- *m+elia ri+e &urm! -! (#am! Myr ina,eae"R large ,andent hru+ ;ith long lenderR -le%i+le +ran,he R di tri+uted throughout hilly part o- :ndia upto 1244 mR
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S JantughnaR (YmighnaR $ellaR (YmiharaR (Ymiripu $idang $idang HH $a?dingR $a?adingR $aya?adang $aya?idangaR &ha+hirangaR &a+erang $ayu?ilangaR $ayu?idanga &a+ading $i@halariR $i@alari $a?adingR $a?ding &idangaR $idanga &a+rungR $a?aring $ayu?ilangamR $ayu?idangam $ayu?idangalu &ao+arangR &a+rang

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

#ruit +ro;ni hH+la,KR glo+ular 2H. mm in diameterR ;arty ur-a,e ;ith a +eaK liKe proGe,tion at ape%R o-ten hortR thin pedi,el and per i tant ,aly% ;ith u ual1y ' or / epal pre entR peri,arp +rittle en,lo ing a ingle eed ,o?ered +y a thin mem+raneR entire eedR reddi h and ,o?ered ;ith yello;i h pot (,hitra tandula"R odour lightly aromati,R ta teR a tringent!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; epi,arp ,on i ting o- ingle ro; o- ta+ular ,ell o- epidermi R u ually o+literatedR in ur-a,e ?ie; ,ell rounded ;ith ;rinKled ,uti,leR me o,arp ,on i t o- a num+er o- layer o- reddi hH+ro;n ,oloured ,ell and numerou -i+ro?a ,ular +undle and rarely a -e; pri mati, ,ry tal o- ,al,ium o%alateR inner part o- me o,arp and endodenni ,ompo ed o- tone ,ell R endodermi ,on i ting o- ingle layeredR thi,KH;alledR largeR pali adeHliKe tone ,ell R eed ,oat ,ompo ed o- 2H' layered
',0

reddi hH+ro;n ,oloured ,ell R endo perm ,ell irregular in hapeR thi,KH;alledR ,ontaining -i%ed oil and proteinou ma e R em+ryo mall ;hen pre ent other;i e mo t o- the eed terile! Po;derH0eddi hR under mi,ro ,ope ho; reddi h paren,hyma and tone ,ell ! :D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9HH :denti-i,ation SH (:" 5haKe 1 g o- the po;dered eed ;ith 24ml o- 5ol?ent *ther -or -i?e minute and -ilter! 9o a portion o- the -iltrate add / per ,ent ?l? olution o- 5odium Hydro%ideR a deep ?iolet ,olour i de?eloped in the aLueou layer! 9o the other portion add 2 drop oDilute Ammonia olutionR a +lui h ?iolet pre,ipitate i o+tained! (::" &oil / g o- the po;dered eed S;ith 2/ ml al,ohol and -ilter! Di?ide the deep red ,oloured -iltrate into t;o portion ! 9o one portionR add olution o- lead A,etateR a dirty green pre,ipitate i produ,ed! 9o the other portion add olution o- -erri, ,hloride a reddi hH+ro;n pre,ipitate i produ,ed!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e A55AA Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1!/ per ,entR Appendi% 14 per ,entR Appendi% 6 per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

Contain not le than 2 per ,ent ;\; o- em+elin (limit 1!3/ to 2!1/" ;hen a ayed a -ollo; SH 8eigh a,,urately a+out 14 g o- po;der (.4 me h" and tran -er to a /44 ml gla toppered -la K 5haKe o,,a ionally -or thirty minute ;ith 1/4 ml o- 5ol?ent *ther! Pa,K the ;hole ma in a per,olatorR allo; to ma,erate -or thirty minute and e%tra,t ;ith 5ol?ent *ther till the ethereal olution ,ea e to gi?e a pinK ,olour ;ith a drop o- Dilute Ammonia 5olution! Di til o-- the *therR treat the re idue ;ith mall Luantity o- light Petroleum (+!p! .4> C to 24> C" ,ool in i,eR -ilter through a &u,hner -unnel under u,tion and reGe,t the -iltrate! 8a h the re idue ;ith -urther mall Luantitie o- ,ooled *ther (+! p! .4> C to 24> C"! 9ran -er the re idue to a tared +eaKer ;ith u--i,ient Luantity o- 5ol?ent *therR remo?e the Light Petroleum and dry the re idue o- em+elin to ,on tant ;eight at 34>! 9he melting range o- the re idue i 1.2> C to 1..> C !
',)

CON59:9>*N95 H &en@oLuinone R alKaloid (Chri tem+ine"R tannin and e ential oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu AnulomanaR DXpanaR (YminPTanaR $PtaKaphPpaha

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H $i[a]gPriWUaR $i[a]ga LauhaR $i[a]gPdi Lauha 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR (YmirogaR >dararogaR dhmXna DO5* H /H14 g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

',7

13! $iGayaa (L-!"

$:JAA

$iGayP ,on i t o- dried lea?e o- ,ulti?ated or ;ild plant o- Canna+i ati?a Linn! (#am! Canna+ina,eae" R an annualR ere,tR dioe,iou her+R one to t;o m highR -ound almo t throughout the yearR pra,ti,ally naturali ed in the 5u+HHimalayan tra,t in :ndia and a+undantly -ound in ;a te land -rom PunGa+ ea t;ard to &engal and e%tending 5outh;ard !
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S &ha]gaR MPdanX &hanR &hang &hangR 5idhi :ndian HempR &hang &haangR &hanga &hangigidaR GanGagida PangR &angi (an,ha?u &hangR GanGa &hangaR GanGei &hang GanGa GanGayi cinaa+R &hang

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

Lea?e palmately ,ompoundR lea-let linearR lan,eolate ;ith errate margin R /H24 ,m longR pointedR narro; at +a eR upper ur-a,e darK green and roughR lo;er paleR do;nyR lea?e o- -emale plant longer than the maleR odourR trong and ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR lightly a,rid!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- lea?e and +ra,t R ho; dor i?entral ur-a,eR upper epidermi ;ith uni,ellularR pointedR ,ur?edR ,oni,al tri,home ;ith enlarged +a e ,ontaining ,y tolith o- ,al,ium ,ar+onateR me ophyll ,ontain ,lu ter ,ry tal o,al,ium o%alate in many ,ell ,on i ting o- u ually one layer o- pali ade ,ell and pongy ti ueR tri,home on lo;er epidermi ,oni,alR longerR '.4H/44 = +ut ;ithout ,y tolith R numerou glandular tri,home R e ile or ;ith a multi,ellular talK and a head o- a+out eight radiatingR ,lu+H haped ,ell e,reting oleoHre inR pre ent in the lo;er epidermi
',,

e pe,ially on midHri+R +ra,teole ;ith undi--erentiated me ophyll and on lo;er ur-a,e +ear numerou glandular tri,home !
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S 9iKta LaghuR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu DXpanaR GrPhXR (aphaharaR NidrPGananaR PP,anaR $PGXKaraR $PK?rdhanaR $ya?PyX Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 2 1/ / 14 1' per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H 0e in (Canna+inol R parti,ularly tetrahydro,anna+inol"!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H JPtXphalPdi CVrZaR MadanPnanda ModaKa 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H AgnimPndyaR AnidrPR Ati PraR (lai+yaR GrahaZXroga DO5* H 12/H2/4 mg o- the drug in po;der -orm! NoteSH5odhana o- thi drug to +e done +e-ore u e a de ,ri+ed in the appendi%

',8

16! Aa hti (5tmO 09!"

AA<I)

AaWUX ,on i t o- driedR unpeeledR tolon and root o- Gly,yrrhi@a gla+ra LinnR (#am! Legumino ae" R a tall perennial her+R upto 2 m high -ound ,ulti?ated in *urope! Per iaR A-ghani tan and to little e%tent in ome part o- :ndia!
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S AaWUXmadhVKaR AaWUXKPR MadhVKaR MadhuyaWUXR AaWUyPh?P Je thimadhuR Ae htmadhu Aa htimadhu LiLuori,e root JethimadhaR JethimardR Jethimadh MulethiR MulathiR MuletiR JethimadhuR Jethimadh Je tamaduR MadhuKaR Jye htamadhuR Atimadhura Multhi :rattimadhuram Je thamadh JatimadhuR Ja timadhu JethimadhR Mulathi Athimadhuram Atimadhuramu MulethiR A lHu H u

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi,

5tolon ,on i t o- yello;i h +ro;n or darK +ro;n outer layerR e%ternally longitudinally ;rinKledR ;ith o,,a ional mall +ud and en,ir,ling ,ale lea?e R moothed tran ?er elyR ,ut ur-a,e ho; a ,am+ium ring a+out oneHthird o- radiu -rom outer ur-a,e and a mall ,entral pithR root imilar ;ithout a pithR -ra,tureR ,oar ely -i+rou in +arK and plintery in ;oodR odourR -aint and ,hara,teri ti,R ta teR ;eeti h!

+" Mi,ro ,opi,

5tolonH tran ?er e e,tion o- tolon ho; ,orK o- 14H24 or more layer o- ta+ular ,ell R outer layer ;ith reddi hH+ro;n amorphou ,ontent R inner ' or . ro; ha?ing thi,KerR ,olourle ;all R e,ondary ,orte% u ually o- 1H' layer o- radially arranged paren,hymatou ,ell ,ontaining i olated pri m o- ,al,ium o%alateR e,ondary phloem a +road +andR ,ell o- inner part ,ellulo i, and outer ligni-iedR radially arranged group oa+out 14H/4 -i+re R urrounded +y a heath o- paren,hyma ,ell R ea,h u ually ,ontaining a pri m o- ,al,ium o%alate a+out 14H'/ = longR ,am+ium -orm ti ue o- ' or more layer o- ,ell R e,ondary %ylem di tin,tly radiate ;ith medullary ray R 'H/ ,ell ;ideR ?e el
',-

a+out 34H244 = in diameter ;ith thi,KR yello;R pittedR reti,ulately thi,Kend ;all R group o- ligni-ied -i+re ;ith ,ry tal heath imilar to tho e o- phloemR %ylem paren,hyma o- t;o Kind R tho e +et;een the ?e el ha?ing thi,K pitted ;all ;ithout interH,ellular pa,e R the remaining ;ith thin ;all R pith o- paren,hymatou ,ell in longitudinal ro; R ;ith interH,ellular pa,e !

0ootHtran ?er e e,tion o- root ho; tru,ture ,lo ely re em+ling that o- tolon e%,ept that no medulla i pre entR %ylem tetrar,h R u ually -our prin,ipal medullary ray at right angle to ea,h otherR in peeled drug ,orK ho; phelloderm and ometime ;ithout e,ondary phloem all paren,hyrnatou ti ue ,ontaining a+undantR impleR o?al or rounded tar,h grain R 2H24 = in length!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than 14 2!/ 14 24 per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1!

CON59:9>*N95 H Gly,yrrhi@inR gly,yrrhi@i, a,idR gly,yrrhetini, a,idR a paragineR

ugar R re in and tar,h

P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S Madhura GuruR 5nigdha 7Xta Madhura &alyaR CaKWuWyaR $YWyaR $arZyaR $PtapittaGitR 0aKtapra Pdana

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H *lPdi GuiKPR AaWUimadhuKa 9ailaR MadhuyaWUyPdi 9aila 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H (P aR (WayaR 5?ara+hedaR $PtaraKtaR $raZa DO5* H 2H. g o- the drug in po;der -orm!

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34! Aaani (#rt!"

AA$N) Aa?PnX,on i t o- dried -ruit o- 9ra,hy permum ammi (Linn!" 5prague e% 9urril 5yn! Carum ,opti,um &enth O HooK! -! Pty,hoti aG;an DC! (#am! >m+elli-erae"R an
annualR ere,t her+R upto 64 ,m tallR ,ulti?ated almo t throughout :ndiaR uprooted and thra hed -or ,olle,ting the -ruit
5ANONAM5 5an Krit A ame e &engali *ngli h GuGrati Hindi (annada (a hmiri Malayalam Marathi Oriya PunGa+i 9amil 9elugu >rdu S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S DXpyaKaR AamPniR AamPniKPR Aa?PniKP Jain AamaniR Aau?anR Aa?anR Ja?anR Aa?aniR Aoyana &i hop^ ;eed AGmaR AGmoR Aa?anR Ja?ain AG;ainR Je?ain OmaR AomR Omu (ath OmamR AyanodaKan On?a Juani Lodhar Omam $amu HH

D*5C0:P9:ON a" Ma,ro ,opi, #ruitR ,on i t o- t;o meri,apr R greyi h +ro;nR o?oidR ,ompre edR a+out 2 mm long and 1 mm ;ide ;ith pale ,oloured protu+eran,e R / ridge and 2 ?ittae in ea,h meri,arpR u ually eparateR / primary ridge pale in ,olourR odourR ,hara,teri ti,R thymoli,R ta teR pungent! +" Mi,ro ,opi,

9ran ?er e e,tion o- -ruit ho; t;o he%agonal tru,ture atta,hed ;ith ea,h other +y a ,arpophoreR epi,ap ,on i t o- a ingle layer o- tangenitially elongated ta+ular ,ell R e%ternally ,o?ered ;ith ,uti,le at ome pla,e ha?ing thi,KH;alledR uni,ellular tri,home a protu+eran,e ;ith errate ;allR me o,arp ,on i t o- moderately thi,KH ;alledR re,tangular to polygonal tangentially elongated ,ell ha?ing ome ?a ,ular +undle and ?ittaeR ,arpophore pre ent a group o- thi,KH;alled radially elongated ,ell R
'8*

integumentR +arrel haped o- tangentially elongated ,ell R endo perm ,on i t o- thinH ;alled ,ell -illed ;ith oil glo+ule R em+ryoR mall and ,ir,ularR ,ompo ed o- polygonal thin ;alled ,ell ! Po;derHOilyR greyi hH+ro;nR under mi,ro ,opeR pre en,e o- Oil glo+ule and group oendo perm ,ell R ,hara,teri ed!
:D*N9:9AR P>0:9A AND 590*NG9H #oreign matter 9otal A h A,idHin olu+le a h Al,oholH olu+le e%tra,ti?e 8aterH olu+le e%tra,ti?e $olatile Oil P0OP*09:*5 AND AC9:ON 0a a Guna $irya $ipaKa (arma S S S S S (aUuR 9iKta LaghuR 0VKWaR IiKWZa >WZa (aUu 7VlaharaR AnulomanaR DXpanaR (YmighnaR PP,anaR 0u,ya Not more than Not more than Not more than Not le than Not le than Not le than / per ,entR Appendi% 6 per ,entR Appendi% 4!2 per ,entR Appendi% 2 per ,entR Appendi% 1' per ,entR Appendi% 2!/ per ,entR Appendi% 2!2!2! 2!2!'! 2!2!.! 2!2!2! 2!2!1! 2!2!14!

CON59:9>*N95 H * ential oil and -i%ed oil!

:MPO09AN9 #O0M>LA9:ON5 H Aa?PnX <P[a?a 9H*0AP*>9:C >5*5 H 7VlaR dhmPnaR nPhaR GulmaR (YmirogaR >dararoga DO5* H 'H2 g o- the drug in po;er -orm!

'8'