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Student Handout 22 2013
Student Handout 22 2013
CHEE 3363
Spring 2013
Handout 22
Reading: Fox 9.4--9.5
1
Learning objectives for lecture
1. Calculate the different boundary layer thicknesses.
2. Apply boundary layer theory to fow in ducts.
2
Recall from last class: boundary-layer
3
u
U
= f
U
x
x
U
We found for fow along a fat plate (distance x):
Form of scaling solution:
Approximate solution in zero pressure gradient:
Momentum integral equation:
w
=
d
dx
(U
2
) +
U
dU
dx
(from dimensional analysis)
(from the momentum integral equation)
1
u
U
dy
1
u
U
dy
=
0
u
U
1
u
U
dy
0
u
U
1
u
U
dy
displacement thickness
momentum thickness
x
=
30
Ux
and
Comments on fat-plate solution 1
4
All the details of the fow are described by the wall shear stress, or "skin
friction" coeffcient, once the boundary layer thickness is known:
Explicitly from the laminar velocity profle:
or
The "skin friction" coeffcient can also be calculated for turbulent
fows with more approximations (this is done ex. in Fox):
Wall shear stress for turbulent fow in
pipe of radius R, velocity V:
Approximate velocity fow profle:
Comments on fat plate solution 2
5
Substituting the turbulent expressions for stress, velocity into the momentum
integral equation leads to the following dependences:
p
x
= 0
Comments on pressure gradients 1
Laminar:
Turbulent:
w
=
u
y
y=0
Favorable pressure gradient:
Adverse pressure gradient: