CALCULATION REFERENCE: TECHNICAL NOTE OF "SUBSURFACE SETTELEMNTS PROFILES ABOVE TUNNELS" BY R.J. MAIR R. N.

TAYLOR AND BRACEGIRDLE Estimated Road Settlement due to the installation of Pipes by Horizontal Directional Drilling method: Where DExcavated Bore Dia /Tunnel Dia in m. i -Dist of Bore centerline to point of Inflection trough (m) i=((0.43XZo)+1.1) in m Smax= (0.313VLD^2/i) in m. Smax-Maximum settlement within a settlement trough (m) VL- Volume loss as ration of notional excavated volume of bore (Assume~ 10%) Zo- Depth of Tunnel axis to the Ground Level(m) Input Chart Dia of Pipe (Dp) Dia of Hole (D) VL Zo i Smax

18 24 0.1 6 3.68 0.003165 3.164872

inches 0.457 inches 0.61 Assume~ 10% m m m mm

m m