Jake Endsley Dr. Guenzel ENC 1102-14 February 23, 2014 Research D ss!er" #h r!u$-%ased & 'er Genera(!

n D ss!er !n(r duc(! n Research #h r!u$-%ased Nuclear ) 'er *enera(! n has led $e ( ne' !n+ r$a(! n n (he ( )!c + nuclear ) 'er. ,s + la(e '!(h !nc!den(s such as Fukush!$a, and (he d!sas(er surr und!n* (he nuclear ) 'er +ac!l!(!es (here, (here !s a (ens! n r!s!n* ha-!n* ( d '!(h (he sa+e(y + nuclear ) 'er. #h r!u$-%ased +uel cycles 'ere +!rs( drea$ed u) and s)ecula(ed n !n (he 1./00s. %u( !( hasn0( been un(!l n ' (ha( any ne has ser! usly c ns!dered under(ak!n* (he (ask + c ns(ruc(!n* nuclear ) 'er )lan(s '!(h (h r!u$-based +uels. E1)er!$en(a(! n and ad-ance$en( !n (he +!eld are +!nally (ak!n* h ld and be*!nn!n* ( de-el ) sys(e$s (ha( br!n* (he e++!cacy (he ' rld re2u!res. Recen( d!sas(ers such as (he har$+ul !rrad!a(! n + (he area surr und!n* (he Fukush!$a nuclear reac( rs ha-e be*un ( $ake )e )le 2ues(! n (he r!sk !n- l-ed '!(h nuclear ) 'er *enera(! n. 3h!le Nuclear ) 'er !s cleaner and $ re e++ec(!-e (han $ s( (her +uel s urces, ( s $e, !( !s u( + (he 2ues(! n !+ !( )u(s hu$an l!+e !n dan*er. Recen( break(hr u*hs '!(h (h r!u$ %ased +uel cycles ha-e sh 'n (ha( (h r!u$ nuclear ) 'er c uld be a sa+er al(erna(!-e ( (he n r$al uran!u$ +uel. #here !s a h )e !n (he en*!neer!n* c $$un!(y (ha( (h!s (echn l *y can be de-el )ed ( be sa+er (han 4ran!u$ +uels 'h!le s(!ll be!n* an e++ec(!-e ) 'er *enera(! n sys(e$. #h!s h )e c $es +r $ (he na(ure + (he 'ay (h r!u$ ' uld be used. #h r!u$ n !(s 'n cann ( sus(a!n a nuclear reac(! n '!(h u( (he add!(! n + neu(r ns caus!n* $u(a(! n. #h!s $eans !+ 'e s( ) add!n* neu(r ns (he reac(! n s( )s. #h!s el!$!na(es (he ) ss!b!l!(y + r a Fukush!$a (y)e !nc!den( because (he reac(! n ' uld !$$ed!a(ely s( ), (here+ re cease ( )r duce rad!a(! n. #h r!u$ !s als (hree (!$es as abundan( as uran!u$, and d es n ( ha-e ( be enr!ched 'h!ch sa-es (!$e and $ ney. ,ll 5n all (here are $any !n (he en*!neer!n* c $$un!(y (ha( bel!e-e (he +u(ure + r #h r!u$ based +uel cycles !s br!*h(. 5( has a l ( * !n* + r !( and !( c uld crea(e a re- lu(! n !n (he nuclear ) 'er ' rld. Research map Questions Q1" 3ha( ec n $!c ad-an(a*es d es (h r!u$ ha-e -er uran!u$, c al, na(ural *as, and (her +uel (y)es Q2" 5+ a (h r!u$ reac( r had been )resen( !n recen( d!sas(ers h ' ' uld (he s!(ua(! n ha-e chan*ed6 Keywords " Fl ur!de 7al( Reac( r, Nuclear ener*y, 8 l(en sal( reac( rs, Fas( neu(r n reac( rs Library and Field Research Due Da(e 02924914 0292/914 0491/914 0492:914 0492:914 5(e$ !n 2ues(! n 3 rksh ) dra+( ann (a(ed b!bl! *ra)hy F!nal Dra+( research d ss!er F!nal Dra+( ar*u$en(a(!-e research )a)er E-) r(+ l! )ubl!ca(! n Research )a)er +eedback

Annotated bibliography Jake ndsley 1.Chan*, ;., <. <an*, =. J!n*, and <. =u. >#h r!u$-%ased Fuel Cycles !n (he 8 dular ;!*h #e$)era(ure Reac( r.> Tsinghua Science & Technology 11./ ?200/@" A31-3:. &r!n(. 5 Ch se (h!s B urnal e1cer)( + r a -ery s!$)le reas n. 5( *!-es a -ery (echn!cal nu$bers based analys!s + #h r!u$-%ased +uel cycles. N ( Bus( ne bu( a * d nu$ber + d!++eren( $e(h ds are e1a$!ned 'h!ch als $akes (h!s a * d c $)rehens!-e )!ece n (he (echn!2ues beh!nd (h r!u$based ) 'er *enera(! n. 5( c $es +r $ a -ery h!*h es(ee$ed acade$!c B urnal 'h!ch *!-es !( -ery * d cred!b!l!(y. 2.C )er, N!c las. >7h uld 3e C ns!der 4s!n* C!2u!d Flu r!de #h r!u$ Reac( rs + r & 'er Genera(! n6> Http://pubs.acs.org/. ,C7 &ubl!ca(! ns, n.d. 3eb. #h!s 'eb ar(!cle *!-es a * d l k a( (he d!++eren( )ers)ec(!-es (ha( $y ar*u$en( c uld be seen +r $ (h se !nclud!n* 7a+e(y, En-!r n$en(al, and )r l!+era(! n. #hese d!++eren( an*les '!ll hel) $e bes( crea(e a c $)rehens!-e re) r(. 3.;ar*ra-es, R ber(, and Ral)h 8 !r. >C!2u!d Fl ur!de #h r!u$ Reac( rs.> American Scientist n.d." 304-13. American Scientist. 3eb. 5 ch se (h!s e1cer)( +r $ a ) )ular $a*az!ne because l!ke (he B urnal 5 ch se !( *!-es a -ery !n de)(h descr!)(! n + (he )r cess !n 'h!ch 'e ' uld use (h r!u$-based +uels. #h!s ar(!cle h 'e-er 5 +eel d es a be((er B b + e1)la!n!n* (he c $)le1 ( )!c !n a s!$)le 'ay. 5( c $es al n* '!(h *ra)h!cal re)resen(a(! n + s $e + (he c re c nce)(s beh!nd (h r!u$-based ) 'er *enera(! n. Ral)h 8 !r and R ber( ;ar*ra-es are b (h +re2uen(ly )ubl!shed !n acade$!c B urnals +(en ha-!n* ( d '!(h nuclear reac( rs. 4.8ar(!n, R!chard. Superfuel: Thorium, the Green Energy Source for the Future. N.)." n.)., n.d. &r!n(. 5 ch se (h!s b k because 5 +eel !( !s ne + (he $any a((e$)(s ( a))eal ( (he )ubl!c s)ec(ru$. #here+ re !( !n- l-es a (h r u*h analys!s + (he s!(ua(! n surr und!n* nuclear ) 'er and al(erna(!-e +uels. #h!s b k 'as su**es(ed as a * d s urce + !n+ r$a(! n by nu$er us )r +ess rs + (he +!eld s $e + 'h!ch are au(h rs + $y (her s urces. D.>#h r!u$.> The Energy From Thorium Foun ation. Ener*yFr $#h r!u$, n.d. 3eb. 21 Feb. 2014 #h!s 'eb )a*e !s (he +r n( l!ne + r #he ener*y +r $ (h r!u$ + unda(! n. #hey are a )r ) nen( + (h r!u$-based +uels and *!-e a -alued ye( b!ased -!e' n (h r!u$ +uels as !( !s (he!r bus!ness. 5 +eel as !+ (h!s + unda(! ns -!e' '!ll hel) $e crea(e a $ re c $)rehens!-e re) r(. /.8 !r, Ral)h, N. %r 'n, ,. Car , ;. 7ha', J. C. Far$er, C. Eau+$an, 3. ;alsey, and E. Era$er. >C5FE 8a(era!ls" 8 l(en-7al( Fuels F lu$e :.> !a"rence !i#ermore $ational

!abratory : ?200:@" 1-:3. 3eb. #h!s lab ra( ry re) r( *!-es a -ery !n-de)(h analys!s + (he e++!cacy + 8 l(en-sal( +uels. 5( +ea(ures an au(h r (ha( 5 ha-e !n a +e' + $y s urces n ' Ral)h 8 !r. #he c n(r!bu( rs !nclude a l n* l!s( + de*ree h ld!n* sc!en(!s(s. A.7 rensen, E!rk. >Cess ns + r (he C!2u!d-Flu r!de #h r!u$ Reac( r.> Cec(ure. 3eb. E!rk 7 rensen !s (he )res!den( and ch!e+ (echn l *!s( a( Fl!be ener*y 'h!ch !s a c $)any (ha( !n(ends ( des!*n s$all $ dular rea( rs. E!rk !s -ery !n- l-ed !n (he de-el )$en( + #h r!u$%ased reac( rs and !s a s(aunch )r ) nen(. :.7 rensen, E!rk. >#h r!u$ 87R.> Thorium %S&. N.)., n.d. 3eb. 2D Feb. 2014. #h!s !s E!rk 7 rensens %l * 'here he ) s(s ne's ab u( curren( e-en(s and u)c $!n* c n+erences. E!rk 7 rensen !s (he )res!den( and ch!e+ (echn l *!s( a( Fl!be ener*y 'h!ch !s a c $)any (ha( !n(ends ( des!*n s$all $ dular reac( rs. ..;ar*ra-es, R ber(. >C!2u!d Fuel Nuclear Reac( rs.> A'S 'hysics. N.)., n.d. 3eb. #h!s !s an ar(!cle 'r!((en !n ,&7 &hys!cs by R ber( ;ar*ra-es 'h !s als +ea(ured !n $any + (he s urces 5 ha-e )resen(ed. ;e 'as a )r +ess r a( &r!nce( n 4n!-ers!(y, and has been -ery ac(!-e 5n (h r!u$ ener*y de-el )$en(. 10.8ac)hears n, ;. G. >#he 8 l(en 7al( Reac( r ,d-en(ure.> N.)., n.d. 3eb. #h!s s urce *!-es a -ery easy lec(ure (y)e )resen(a(! n + (he !n+ r$a(! n surr und!n* (he (h r!u$ ener*y c $$un!(y as + n '. ;e has 'r!((en c un(less b ks !n (he sc!en(!+!c c $$un!(y s $e + 'h!ch deal '!(h (he ( )!c + #h r!u$-%ased +uels and $ re s)ec!+!cally $ l(en-sal( reac( rs.