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Thiet Ke Mach in Voi Orcad 0014
Thiet Ke Mach in Voi Orcad 0014
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M u
ORCAD l mt cng c thit k mch in t n gin v ph bin. Cng c rt nhiu phn mm thit k
mch in t khc, tuy nhin, ti chn s dng phn mm ny, v b cng c ny c nh gi l kh
mnh.
Cc th vin linh kin ca ORCAD c th coi l mnh nht cho n nay, v hu ht cc nh sn xut linh
kin in t u cung cp cc add-in th vin linh kin cho ORCAD.
c rt nhiu sch hng dn s dng ORCAD bng hnh, tuy nhin gi sch kh cao v thc cht
ORCAD khng c g l phc tp, v vy, ti mun thc hin ti liu hng dn ny mt cch n gin,
cung cp min ph cho sinh vin. Thnh thc m ni, cc sch d c hng dn t m ti u, th cng
khng th gip cc bn sinh vin nm bt ton b cc chc nng ca ORCAD, m ch yu, cc bn thc
hnh nhiu, my m nhiu, v hi han nhiu, cc bn s tm hiu v nm bt v ORCAD rt d dng.
Trong ti liu hng dn ny, chng ti s i tng bc n gin, cc bn c th thc hin mt mch
nguyn l bng ORCAD, sau hng dn cc bn tng bc xut ra thnh mch in, chy mch in,
iu chnh mch in, cui cng l vic lm mt mch in in t ti nh nh th no.
Ti liu ny c chia lm 5 phn:
-Phn 1. Ci t OrCAD 9.2
-Phn 2. Mt s thao tc v mt mch nguyn l vi ORCAD dng CAPTURE
-Phn 3. Cch chuyn t mch nguyn l sang mch in v cc thao tc trn LAYOUT PLUS
-Phn 4. S dung cng c Pspice A/D tch hp trong OrCAD m phng mch in
-Phn5. Mt s mch in t l th cc bn nng cao kh nng v mch ca mnh
-Phn 5. Lm mch in 1 lp th cng
y ti chn s dng OrCAD 9.2 v tnh ph bin ca n, th vin kh y , chim t ti nguyn, t
li, s dng rt n nh. Hin ti c bn 16.5 nhng rt nng (10G tt c sau khi ci t ), vi li vic
ci t cng rt kh khn. K t bn 16.3 tr i Cadene b phn Layout m thay vo l PCB Editor,
v vy ti liu ca phn ny rt t ch yu l ti liu ting anh. Nhng nu mun tr thnh nh Design
PCB chuyn nghip th nn s dng ci ny.
Cng phi ni thm rng y l ti liu ti bin son da trn nhng kin thc ca mnh v trch dn
tham kho thm mt s ti liu trn mng nn c mt s on c th trng vi ti liu ca cc tc gi
khc, ti c gng hng dn rt chi tit v tng hp mt s ti liu cc bn c th tip cn vi
phn mm OrCAD mt cch nhanh chng.
Cc bn c tham kho v cho kin cun ebook ny c hon thin hn.Xin chn thnh cm n!
Link dowload:
OrCAD 9.2 part1: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?cpp7hztxpquc094
OrCAD 9.2 part2: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?s5h0e49kv6orr87
Dng phn mm FFSJ ni file: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?blnyug2582ebiqb
OrCAD 9.2 Protable : http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?o0z6sxoj672e11b
Nguyn Ngc H
Lp: D10CQDT01-N. Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCM
Tel: 0982.969.872
Mail: hanguyen92205@gmail.com
YH: ah25.ah25
Skype: hanguyen92205
Mc lc
Mc lc
M u
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Mc lc
Mc lc
Mc lc
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Mc lc
Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
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Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
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Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
hp thoi tip theo yu bn nhp key codec l A B E F G H I J K ( Enter xung dng sau mi k
t) chn Next v nhp 17 ch s 1 hp thoi tip theo nh hnh di. Next tip tc
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Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
Nhp thng tin ca bn vo phn Name v Company. Next tip tc. Chn Yes ca s tip
theo:
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Qu trnh ci t bt u,
Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
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Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
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Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
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2.2.2 To mt Project mi
2.2.2.1 To Project mi:
to mt project bn c th lm nh sau:
Hp thoi New project hin ra, nhp tn project trong phn Name ( Theo ti mi 1 Project bn nn lu
vo 1 th mc ring v trong orcad 1 project c th to ra rt nhiu file )v ng dn n v tr lu
project trong phn Location
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Thanh cng c
Chn i tng
Th vin linh kin
Chy dy
t nhn ng mch
V ng ni bus
t im ni
Ni vi ng bus
Ngun
Mass
im khng ni
2.2.3 Cc phm tt v t kha trong OrCAD Capture
2.2.3.1 Phm tt:
Vic s dng cc phm tt s gip cho thao tc ca chng ta c nhanh hn, v trong ti liu ny ti
ch yu hng dn bng cc phm tt
Phm
R
I
P
J
T
F
Y
Chc nng
Xoay linh kin
Phng to mn hnh
Ly linh kin
To im ni
Thm vn bn cho bn v
Ly cc khi ngun
V khi ch nht
Phm
W
O
N
B
X
G
ESC
Chc nng
Ni cc ng mch
Thu nh mn hnh
nh nhn
V ng bus
nh du chn linh kin ko s dng
Ly cc khi mass, ni t
Thot ch ang chn
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Tn gi
K hiu
Tn gi
K hiu
Tn gi
R
in tr
RESISTOR VAR Bin tr
CAP
T in
CAP NP
T khng phn cc
RELAY
R le
LED
n led
FUSE
Cu ch
DIODE
i t
DIODE ZENER
i t n p
NPN
Transistor ngc
PNP
Transistor thun CRYSTAL
Thch anh
BRIDGE
Cu diode
SW
Nt nhn
HEADR
Chn cm
Khi lm vic vi OrCAD cc bn ch l phi tt cc trnh g ting vit i th mi s dng c cc phm
tt , v trnh li khi s dng cc phm tt, n gin l phn mm n khng bit ting Vit.
2.2.4 V s nguyn l
Mun v c mch nguyn l th cc bn phi c s nguyn l{ 1 t giy hay trong u bn
ri. Bn phi bit l s dng nhng linh kin no.
2.2.4.1 Tm kim v chn linh kin
ly linh kin ra bn nhn phm P ( hoc Shift + P hoc chn Place Part
). 1 ca s hin ra nh sau :
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khung Part cho php chng ta gi ra cc linh kin, vy linh kin c ly u? linh kin c ly
Libraries. Nhng chng ta ang thy Libraries trng trn th kia th ly lm sao c linh kin? Vy ta
phi Add library s hin ra 1 ca s nh sau :
Theo ti th nn Add tt c cc th vin vo. V mi 1 th vin cha cc linh kin khc nhau m ta khng
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Nhp chut tri tip tc t linh kin vo cc v tr khc, nhn ESC trn bn phm ngng vic t
linh kin
Chn v t y linh kin vo trang v trc ri tin hnh i dy ni mch
ni dy bn nhp vo
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Cc linh kin trong mch: 5 in tr, 1 bin tr, 2 t khng phn cc, 3 diode chnh lu, 2 transistor
ngc , 1 triac, 2 chn cm, cng tc 3 cc 1
Enter ly R. sau R s i theo chut ca ta, nhp chut vo 5 v tr ly 5 in tr. Mun thot
ly linh kin khc th n ESC,hoc nhp chut vo biu tng Select
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ly t in khng phn
cc chn CAP NP ti
khung Part ca th vin
sau OK tr v mn
hnh lm vic
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Cc linh kin vn nm ngn ngang th, c th xoay c cc linh kin dc, ngang, quay ngc xui
cc bn chn vo linh kin cn xoay ri n phm R, hoc phm H, hoc V( c th chn vo linh kin kch
phi chut chn Rotate = R, Mirror Horizontally = H, Mirror Vertically = V ) v sp xp linh kin sao
cho gn chun b ni dy.
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Ca s Create Netlist xut hin, chn Layout, trong th Options chn User Properties are in inchers
t chn chn linh kin footprint, Browse duyt n ni cha file, nhp chn OK
Chon OK trong hp thoi xut hin tip theo hon tt qu trnh to file netlist
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Vy l hon tt qu trnh v mch bng Capture, bn hy dng file .MNL va to v mch in bng
OrCAD Layout Plus
2.3 To th vin linh kin mi trong OrCAD Capture
2.3.1 Gii thiu
Vic to ra linh kin mi trrong Capture rt quan trng, cc linh kin in t u c sn xut theo
mt s tiu chun nht nh. Trong Layout th mt s chn linh kin nu khng bit th c th tm mt
linh kin khc c chn tng t, cn trong Capture th cng vic khng th thc hin c. Hn na
vic to ra mt th vin mi ca ring bn s gip bn qun l{, cng nh thao tc nhanh hn trong vic
tm kim linh kin
2.3.2 Cc bc to linh kin mi
Mt project bao gm vic to ra linh kin mi , to ra bn v nguyn l hoc xut ra mch in,...Khi
vic to ra linh kin mi l vic lm phc v cho schematic no .
to thm linh kin mi, cc bn phi nhn din c linh kin l g, hot ng nh th no. Phi
tra datasheet ca linh kin . Sau khi bit r v linh kin, hy hnh dung trong u s b tr cc
chn linh kin sao cho vic v mch nguyn l c d dng v p nht.
Tip theo l to ra mt th vin linh kin cha linh kin m cc bn s to ra. V c tnh cc ti l
khc nhau v nhng ngi lm vic vi mch in t cng khc nhau nn vic t tn cng c nhng
c th khc nhau. Cui cng l vic to ra linh kin bn, t vo cc th vin ph hp. C th ti s
hng dn cc bn to ra con MAX232.
2.3.2.1 Tm datasheet
Vic u tin l phi tra cu datasheet ca con MAX232. tra datasheet bn c th search trn mng
http://google.com hoc tm trc tip t cc trang web v datasheet:
www.alldatasheet.com
www.datasheetcatalog.com
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Ca s lm vic nh sau:
Trc ht chng ta cn to ra nhm chn, sau sa cha thng s, nhng nhm chn c cng chc
nng ta ta thit k chung.
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Khi nhn OK, con chut s to thnh 1 dy 8 chn linh kin. Trn khi U
vung, cc bn t n cnh no, n s nm cnh .Nhp chut hon
tt.
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Khi ly linh kin trong th vin, c mt vn l a s vi con IC th b n chn VCC v GND, nhng cc
bn yn tm khi xut ra mch in chn VCC mc nhin ni vi Power v chn GND th ni t. Ti s ch
cho cch lm cho n hin ln
2.4.2 Tin hnh chnh sa
y ti chn con IC nh thi 555
Bn nhp phi chut vo linh kin, chn Edit Part
Phn 2 du cng trong vng trn mu l 2 chn VCC v GND, bn nhp p chut vo n chnh
kiu chn
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Hnh dng chn ca n trong ca s Shape, trong ca s ny chn c la chn l zero length chnh v
vy m bn khng nhn thy n, bn c th chn Line hoc Short hin th chn. Tick vo Pin Visible
hin th tn ca chn linh kin
Tng t nh trn hin th chn GND. B tr li s chn cho
hp l v thm m, Sau khi chnh sa ta c hnh bn
Trong ca s ny bn cng c th thc hin chnh sa, thm bt chn, thay i kch thc hnh dng
ca linh kin.
2.4.3 Lu linh kin va chnh sa
Nhp chut vo nt Close
Chn Update
Current lu
thay i, Update All thay i tt c linh kin c trong Project, Discard hy b thay i, Cancel
quay li hy b thao tc, Help c tr gip.
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Vy l hon tt c bn phn Capture, tip theo ta chuyn sang phn Layout thit k mch in.
( lun Ctrl + S lu bn project , phng s c xy ra ngoi mun )
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3.2.2 Mt s lnh c bn
3.2.2.1 File
Cha cc lnh lin quan n vic to mi, m, nhp v xut ra cc tp tin i tng va Layout hay sang
cc thnh phn khc ( s dng trong mt s phn mm thit k mch khc nh Protel, PCAD PCB, ...)
3.2.2.1.1 Open
Lit k tt c cc tp tin .MAX ang nm trong th mc hin hnh.
3.2.2.1.2 Import
Cho php m hay nhn mt file c to t cc phn mm khc nh Protel PCB, CadStar PCB,...
3.2.2.1.3 Export
Cho php xut file .MAX c to t OrCAD Layout sang cc phn mm thit k mch in khc nh
Protel PCB, CadStar PCB,...
3.2.2.2 Tools
3.2.2.2.1 Library Manager
Cho php bn chnh sa hay to mi mt footprint ca linh kin no . T y bn c th to hay su
tp mt th vin footprint linh kin m bn hay s dng cho cc thit k v sau.
3.2.2.2.2 OrCAD Capture
Cho php m chng trnh thit k mch nguyn l OrCAD Capture t chng trnh v board mch
OrCAD Layout
Ngoi ra trong Tools cn cc chc nng khc nh SmartRout cho php bn v mch thng minh, Edit
App Settings, Reload App Settings,...
3.2.3 To bn thit k mi
to mt bn thit k mi, vo menu File -> New hoc t biu tng
trn thanh cng c. Xut
hin hp thoi Load Template File, ta nhp vo file Template theo ng dn mc nh:
C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Data
File template l file nh dng mt s thng s mc nh cho board mch, nh s lp board mch,
khong cch i dy, kch thc ng mch, quy nh thit k,... c s dng xuyn sut trong qu
trnh v mch vi Layout. Nu l mt board bnh thng th bn chn file default.tch ( hoc
jump6238.tch s gip qu trnh chy mch hiu qu hn , cc jumper s khng ct ngang IC,). Cn nu
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bn mun thit k board mch ring theo hnh dng c th, nh Sound Card, Lan card,... th load cc file
template khc. Nhn Open thc hin load file .TCH
Xut hin hp thoi Load Netlist Source yu cu bn chn file netlist c ui .MNL c to trong
OrCAD Capture. Nhp Open chn m file Netlist
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Nu cc linh kin trong mch thit k l cc linh kin mi v cha tng c lin kt n th vin footprint
ca Layout Plus ln no th s xut hin hp thoi yu cu bn phi lin kt n footprint. y l bc
kh khn i hi bn phi cn thn, nu nh chn sai chn th mch coi nh b i, ttos nht bn hy
xem k hnh nh thc t ca linh kin vic chn hnh dng v kch thc ca footprint c chnh
xc. Kinh nghim cho thy s tt hn nu bn tc hin vic gn footprint cho tt c cc linh kin trong
sut qu trinh v mch bng Capture.
3.2.3.1 Lin kt Footprint
lm tt phn ny bn phi thng xuyn lm mch, c kinh nghim th vic tm kim cc footprint
c nhanh hn.
3.2.3.1.1 Mt s footprint thng dng
- Th vin TO : TO92 ( transistor: C828, C1815, C535,...), TO202 ( Transistor: H1061, IC n p h 78xxx,
79xxx,... )
- Th vin DIP100T: /W.300 ( cc IC cm t 14-20 chn ) /W.600 ( cc IC cm t 24-40 chn )
- Th vin TM_CAP_P l footprint ca cc loi t in
- Th vin JUMPER l footprint ca cc loi in tr, quang tr, bin tr,..
- Th vin TM_DIODE l footprint ca cc loi diode hay led
3.2.3.1.2 Lin kt n footprint
Quay li mn hnh lm vic ca Layout s xut hin hp thoi sau:
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Hp thoi Footprint for DIODE xut hin , nu l ln u tin s dng th bn phi add th vin vo
bng cch nhp chut tri vo nt Add...
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Ti khung Libraries nhp chn mc JUMPER. Ti khung Footprints nhp chn mc JUMPER200 ( khong
cch gia 2 chn l 200 mils = 5 mm ) chn chn diode. OK thc hin
Tip theo trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng th tm thy chn ca
chn cm J1 c tn CON2. Nhp chut vo Link existing fooprint to component...
Trong hp thoi Footprint for CON2, ti khung Libraries chn JUMPER, ti khung Footprints chn
JUMPER100. Xong nhp chn OK.
Trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng th tm thy chn linh kin Q3 c
tn T2801
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Nhp vo Link existing fooprint to component...Trong hp thoi Footprint for T2801, ti khung
Libraries chn TO, khung Footprints chn TO202AB chn chn cho Triac
Tip tc chn lin kt chn linh kin cho cc chn cn li ( transistor Q1, Q2 tng ng l TO - > TO126,
cun dy L1 l th vin JUMPER chn JUMPER100, cng tc 3 chu v bin tr chn ln lt l TO->
TO202AB v TO-> T126, t in chn JUMPER - > JUMPER100,...) cho n khi no khng cn xut hin
hp thoi Link Footprint to Component na. Khi hon thnh lin kt n cc footprint vi linh kin,
OrCAD Layout t ng load cc footprint nh hnh v:
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T hp thoi Select Footprint ta c th la chn cc footprint thch hp. Tuy nhin nu khng tm thy
footprint ph hp th ta phi to mi fooprint cho ph gip vi linh kin
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dng theo h mt bn phi thay i systems settings. (vo Options -> System Settings) xut hin
hp thoi bn.
Nhp OK. By gi bn ang lm vic theo h mt.
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Tng t bn nh dng cho cc lp TOP, BOTTOM, INNER. Thng th kch thc ca vng xuyn bao
quanh l chn khoan ln hn l khoan khong 20 mils(=0.5 mm). Do nhp gi tr 1.5mm vo Height
v Width.
V lp gia ca mch l ming ng dnh cho power v ground, trnh hin tng ngn mch ngi
ta thng to ra xung quanh cc l khoan mt khong trng, ln hn kch thc l khoan l 35
mils(=1.75 mm). Bn nhp gi tr 2 mm vo Height v Width v chn pad dng round cho lp PLANE.
Cui cng bn cn nh dng cho mt hn chn linh kin, thng th n ln hn vng xuyn bao
quanh chn l khoan khong 5 mils(=0.125 mm). Do bn chn pad hnh round v nhp gi tr
1.625mm vo Height v Width cho lp SMTOP and SMBOT.
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Chn thuc tnh cho 2 text cn li bng ko chut bi n, xong click chut phi, chn Properties
(phm tt Ctrl+E).
Chn Layer l SSTOP.
Chn OK.
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Bn da vo Datasheet bit khong cch gia cc chn xc nh v tr cho cc chn cn li. Pad2 = (0,
6.5)
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u tin bn t tn cho ng bao, sau chn Place Outline ti Obstacle Type. dy width ty
.
Thng bn chn ng bao ny nm lp Global Layer, tc thuc tnh Obstacle Layer l Global Layer.
Cui cng click OK lu li cc nh dng cho footprint mi to.
Bn hon thnh vic to 1 footprint mi khng c sn trong th vin ca layout.
nhanh hn bn c th lt qua th vin ca layout tm nhng footprint tng t footprint m bn
cn to sa cha cho ph hp vi thc t ri Save As n li, lu li trong th vin mi m bn to
cho d tm kim.
3.2.4.3 Nhng ch khi to mi chn linh kin
Khi thit k footprint, ngoi vic bn cn bit chnh xc kch thc thc gia cc chn linh kin thit
k k ng, cn phi bit kch thc ca c linh kin c th b tr khong cch gia cc linh kin cho
hp l.
Mt s kinh nghim chn kch thc cho chn linh kin:
Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92202@gmail.com
Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm
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Vi cc linh kin thng nh in tr, t, diode bn chn chn hnh trn (Round), ng knh
l 1.8 n 2.1, ty loi linh kin
- Chn 1 ca IC hay cc linh kin c cc tnh nh t hoc diode bn nn chn kiu chn l hnh
vung hoc hnh ch nht
- Vi IC ta nn chn chn hnh Oval (vi cc chn 2 tr ln) v hnh ch nht (i vi chn 1). Kch
thc thng l 1.7mm Width v 2.2 mm Height.
- Vi cc chn linh kin to nh chn ca cc JACK cm, chn ca IC c cn th nn chn b
Width(b ngang) to ra mt t, c 1.8mm.
Thc t vic to ra linh kin trong Capture quan trng hn rt nhiu ln so
vi vic to ra linh kin trong Layout (hay Layout Plus). bn ch cn s dng cc chn layout c nh
dng ging vy s dng, khng nht thit phi to ra cc nh dng chn cho tng linh kin ring bit.
3.2.5 Mt s thao tc cn thit trc khi v Layout
u tin, bn s tt DRC (Design Rule Check), bn s cn dng chng sau, nhng khng phi by gi.
Sau khi tt, khung ch nht nt t s bin mt.
Nhng k hiu xut hin bn cnh cc linh kin c th khng cn thit nhng chng s lm cho mn
hnh ca chng ta ri hn. C 2 cch xa chng i:
-
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Nhp Layers chn lp v, y bn chn lp BOTTOM, click chut phi chn Properties.
Chn nh sau v OK
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Min Width, Conn Width, Max Width l rng ca nets mch in. Khng nn 3 gi tr ny bng nhau,
v khi i mch my s t ng iu chnh rng ca nets. Khi t t th n chn Min, khi nhiu s chn
Max, nh vy s linh hot hn.
3.2.6.6 V ng bao
l ng bao ngoi cho tt c cc linh kin v cc ng mch trong mch in. v bn tin hnh nh
sau:
Click chut vo Obstacle Tool, sau click vo mt gc m bn mun v Outline, con chut chuyn
thnh du cng nh, click phi, chn Properties s hin ra hp thoi sau:
Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92202@gmail.com
Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm
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n /hin dy ni
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3.2.8.1. V t ng
Vo Auto -> Auto Route -> Board, Layout Plus s t ng v mch.
3.2.8.2. V bng tay
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Hp thoi Text Edit hin ra, trong khung Text String g ni dung cn chn.
Lu : nu bn lm mch in th cng th click chn Mirrored khi i khng b ngc. Chn lp hin th
trong khung Layer ( thng th chnTOP v BOTTOM ), v kch thc ch . chn OK hon tt
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Kt qu:
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Trong phn ny, ti s hng dn dng phn mm Pspice A/D i km trong b phn mm OrCAD
Pspice A/D l chng trnh dng m phng cc mch in tng t v s. Cc tnh nng chnh ca
Pspice A/D:
-
Phn tch xoay chiu, mt chiu, qu : Tnh nng ny cho php chng ta kim tra cc p
ng cu mch in khi c cung cp u vo khc nhau. C th :
+ Phn tch mt chiu ( DC Analysis ): Cho php xc nh in p nh mc v tr s dng in
cho tt c cc nt ca mch bng cch qut ton b gi tr ca in p trong mt khong do
ngi dng nh ngha. iu ny c ngha khi mun xc nh ng c tnh ca cc mch
in c cha cc phn t phi tuyn nh: diode, transistor,.. hoc mun xc nh in th nh
mc ca cc mch khuch i
+ Phn tch qu ( Transient Analysis ) : nhm d on cc trng thi ca mch khi c cc s
kin qu xy ra
+ Phn tch xoay chiu ( AC Analysis ) : m phng hi p tn s ca mch in, tc l ta c th
quan st c cc trng thi ca mch in khi tn s ca ngun in thay i trong mt dy
cho trc. Da vo ta c th tm thy tn s cng hng ca mch
Phn tch tham s, nhy, gi tr gii hn : vi nhng tnh nng ny chng ta c th quan st
nhng bin i ca mch in khi thay i cc gi tr ca cc thnh phn ca n
Phn tch thi gian ca cc mch s cho php tm ra s c v thi gian xut hin khi kt ni cc
tn hiu c tn s thp trong qu trnh truyn dn tn hiu
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To 1 project mi
Khi ng ca s lm vic ca Capture. Chn File -> New -> Project to project mi
Ca s New project xut hin
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Trong ca s ny, bn g vo tn tp tin trong phn Name, chn th mc lu tr tp tin trong phn
Location. Trong th Create a New Project Using bn nh du vo trn th nht : Analog or Mixed
A/D. Nhn Ok ng to Project mi
Lc ny trnh Capture m ra mt ca s Create Pspice Project, bn hy chn mc Create a blank
Project trnh Capture m ra trang v trng
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Vi vic lin thng vi trnh Pspice A/D th thanh Capture c thm thanh cng c h tr cho vic lin
thng vi Pspice
y ti s m phng mch dao ng s dung IC nh thi 555, loi IC ny c dng rng ri trong
mch in t tng t. S nguyn l ca 1 mch to xung dng 555 nh sau:
Cc bn thc hin vic ly linh kin v i dy hon thin mch nh hnh trn
Lu :
-
Th vin s dng cho trnh m phng Pspice c ly trong th vin pspice theo ng dn
mc nh l: \capture\library\pspice
81
4.3.2
Vic v mch bng Capture phc v cho trnh m phng Pspice phi tuyt i chnh xc t
vic chn linh kin n ni dy v cc thng s linh kin, nh vy vic m phng mi m bo
c
Vi cc mch dao ng bn phi t vo mch mt iu kin khi u ( lnh IC: Initial
Condition). Hy m ca s Place Part v chn th vin Special ri chn tn linh kin l IC1. Bn
hy nhp chut ln ch IC ghi vo mc volr khi u ( vd : 0V ).
Hon thin bn v
Sau khi hon tt vic ly linh kin v i dy, cn phi gn tn v gi tr cho cc phn t
82
Cc nt li: Danh sch cc nt li bao gm ton b cc phn t ca mch c lit k theo cu trc
c quy nh. to ra cc nt li t s mch nguyn l, ta dng lnh Pspice -> Create netlist
t thc n ca chng trnh. Danh sch ny c lu trong tp tin c ui .net v c qun l bng
trnh trnh qun l d n, ta c th chn vo tp tin ny xem ni dung bn trong ca n. V y l ni
dung ca tp tin ng vi mch ang xt:
nu c thng bo li , bn hy kim tra li s mch cho n khi no khng xut hin li na th chng
ta tin hnh xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng
4.4 Phn tch v m phng
4.4.1 Xc nh kiu phn tch v m phng
g vo Name tn ca trang phn tch. Nhn phm Create m ca s chn kiu dng phn tch. Giao
din nh sau:
83
4.4.2
Bias poit: dng xc inhj iu kin phn cc DC ca mt mch in. Tnh ton xong, ta s c cc
mc p DC trn cc ng mch v c dng in chy qua cc nhnh ca mch
DC Sweep: dng qut thng s DC phn tch cc c tnh ca cc linh kin in t. Nh v
cc ng cong c tnh ca diode, transistor, scr, triac, cc cng logic,..Kho st mch vi cc
mc ngun nui DC khc nhau...
Time Domain ( Transient ): dng phn tch cc mc p trn cc im ca mch in ly theo
bin thi gian ( y trc X ly theo bin thi gian ). N c cng dng nh bn ang dng mt
my hin sng nhiu tia xem cc tn hiu trn cc im ni ca mch in.
AC Sweep/Noise: dng phn tch cc mc p trn cc ng ni ca mch in thoe bin tn s
v gc pha ( trc X ly theo bin tn s hay bin gc pha ). N dng v ra ng cong p
ng bin tn, pha tn ca mch.
Thc hin m phng
Trong v d trn, ban u bn hy chn cch phn tch l Bias Point v nhn OK ng
Chn Pspice -> Run ( hoc biu tng
( dng in dch )
84
in p nh thin
Dng in nh thin
85
v gn vo v tr ca
Trong trang th ny, chng ta thy tn hiu ra trn chn s 3 ca IC555 c dng xung vung. Lc ny
mun xem tn hiu trn im no ca mch in th t ng d ngay trn im .
Nu nh cng lc bn t ng d trn 2 chn s 6 v s 3. Chng ta s thy tn hiu trn chn 3 l dng
xung vung, cn trn chn 2,6 l dng tn hiu rng ca, c hai cng hin trn 1 th
86
Kt qu m phng:
87
Bn c th thay i tr s ca cc linh kin trn mch in ri cho phn tch bn s thy kt qu khc.
Trn vng lm vic ca Pspice, bn nhp chut vo 2 trc ca th thay i ta v li hin th
sao cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca bn
Bn cng c th xem cc ng biu din khc. M ca s add trace bng lnh Trace -> add trace...
hoc biu tng
trn thanh cng c. Trong ca s Function or Macro, bn chn hm cn xem,
trong thanh Trace Expression chn bin cn quan st, nhn OK xem:
88
89
90
Chng 5. Bi tp
Chng 5: Mt s bi tp v d
Phn ny s gii thiu cc bn mt s mch tham kho v bng OrCAD 9.2
5.1 Mch ngun
5.1.1 S nguyn l:
cho mch c gn khi i dy cc bn s dng chc nng t nhn ng mch bng cch nhp
chut vo biu tng Place net alias
91
Chng 5. Bi tp
t tn cho nhn trong khung Alias, mu ch trong khung Color, v mun thay i nh dng ch th
nhp vo nt Change... trong khung Font
t nhn vo v tr i dy ph hp, lm tng t cho u dy cn li, cc ng mch c chung nhn s
c t ng ni vi nhau khi chuyn qua Layout Plus
Chc nng ny rt hu dng, nht l khi thit k mch phc tp, s dng nhiu IC,... To nhn ng
mch s cho mch nguyn l gn hn v thm m hn
5.1.2 S mch in
5.1.2.1 Sp xp linh kin
Cc bn c th sp xp linh kin theo hnh di
92
Chng 5. Bi tp
93
Chng 5. Bi tp
94
nng
Chng 5. Bi tp
to ng bus
5.2.3 S mch in
5.2.3.1 Sp xp linh kin
Linh kin trong mch c th c sp xp nh hnh di
5.2.3.2 V mch
Cc thng s rng ng mch tham kho
95
Chng 5. Bi tp
Chy dy lp BOTTOM
96
Chng 5. Bi tp
97
Chng 5. Bi tp
5.3.3 S mch in
5.3.3.1 Sp xp linh kin
C th sp xp linh kin nh hnh:
5.3.3.2 V mch
Bng thng s rng ng mch tham kho
98
Chng 5. Bi tp
99
Chng 5. Bi tp
5.4.3 S mch in
5.4.3.1 Sp xp linh kin
S b tr linh kin
100
Chng 5. Bi tp
5.4.3.2 v mch
Chn lp BOTTOM, thay i rng ng mch ph hp ri chn ch chy dy t ng
Sau khi chy dy t ng, vn cn mt s ng mch cha chy c, ta phi tin hnh v bng tay ,
to jumper cho ng mch cn li
Tr v ch Component Tool
thoi sau
101
Chng 5. Bi tp
102
Chng 5. Bi tp
Nhp chn OK
t vo v tr cn to VIA, cc jumper ny khi lm mch chng ta phi tin hnh hn dy
Mch sau khi to cc jumper, v chnh sa ph hp nh hnh di
Tin hnh ph mass cho mch to bn mch hon chnh, chn text nu mun
103
Chng 5. Bi tp
5.5.3 S mch in
5.5.3.1 Sp xp linh kin
S b tr linh kin
104
Chng 5. Bi tp
5.5.3.2 V mch
Chn v mch 1 lp ( BOTTOM ), chnh kch thc rng ng mch ph hp
Autoroute mch in ta c kt qu nh hnh
105
Chng 5. Bi tp
Kim tra mch, to via cho cc jumper, ph mass v ta c mch hon chnh nh sau
106
Chng 5. Bi tp
107
Chng 5. Bi tp
5.6.4 Mch bo v qu p
108
Chng 5. Bi tp
109
Chng 5. Bi tp
Khi iu khin
Khi hin th
110
Chng 5. Bi tp
Cc jumper
111
Chng 5. Bi tp
112
Chng 5. Bi tp
Khi iu khin
Cc jumper
113
114
115