Hicks, Huefner, McGee, Millett 1 Hicks, Huefner, McGee, Millett Holland English 2010 March 26, 2014 Politics

of South Sudan As a newl for!ed nation recentl se"arated fro! its wealthier northern half, the re"u#lic of South Sudan struggles for "eace and self$reliance% &ust as an new countr , the ha'e their own "olitical and econo!ical struggles to o'erco!e% (n the de'elo"ing of their countr there ha'e #een !an nations that ha'e hel"ed the! to gain their inde"endence% )ith hel" fro! !an nations the were a#le to choose how to for! their go'ern!ent, and who is going to lead% And as an nation the need to figure out their own wa of leading and hel"ing their "eo"le% (n the for!ation of South Sudan*s constitution the officials ha'e #een struggling to gain credi#ilit to enforce the "olicies and laws that were set% As a de'elo"ing countr South Sudan struggles to de'elo" and control their countr *s own "olitics and resources, all while dealing with current conflicts such as war% +he !a,orit of the conflict roots within the tri#es and ethnic tension of Sudan% President -iir re"resents the .inka tri#e, and President Machar re"resents the /uer tri#e0 with the unsettling desire to lead "oliticall #oth tri#es are too distract to resol'e the real issues at hand% +he countr gained inde"endence on &ul 1, 2011 2G3SS4% +he current "o"ulation of the countr as of 2014 is 11,566,266 2)orld Po"ulation4% +he South Sudanese constitution lists one*s right to life, "ro"ert , 'ote, religion, etc% 2G3SS 4$14% +heir 7e"u#lic go'ern!ent is organi8ed into a three$go'ern!ent s ste!9 legislati'e, ,udicial and e:ecuti'e% 7egarding religion, the ;onstitution*s "rea!#le states9 <7eligion

Hicks, Huefner, McGee, Millett 2 and State shall #e se"arate% All religions shall #e treated e=uall and religion or religious #eliefs shall not #e used for di'isi'e "ur"oses> 2G3SS 54% Howe'er, ethnic conflict #ased on longstanding religious traditions is as old as the countr itself or older% 7ecent e'ents !ight lead one to #elie'e the go'ern!ent is co!"letel ignorant of the constitutional rights of the "eo"le% ?efore "olitics, councils or e'en organi8ed religion, the "eo"le of South Sudan were organi8ed into tri#es0 fighting ad,acent tri#es for "ower or resources was e:tre!el co!!on% +oda the do!inant tri#e is the .inka, followed # the /uer, with do8ens of other tri#es trailing #ehind with lesser "o"ulations 2G3SS4% +he tension #etween these ethnic grou"s is #eing #roadcasted on the news and is e'er "re'alent in "olitics% Another "iece of wood to fuel the fire of ethnic tension is religion% (t has #eco!e one of the !ain reasons that war has started #etween South Sudan and Sudan% +he chief religions are indigenous religions, then ;hristianit and (sla!ic% (n their ?ill of 7ights, a citi8en has the right to "ractice, worshi", and "reach at his discretion% (n the sa!e docu!ent it states <the right to esta#lish and !aintain a""ro"riate faith$#ased, charita#le or hu!anitarian institutions> 2G3SS 64% +he =uestion #eco!es then9 who decides what is an <a""ro"riate,> faith$#ased #elief@ +hose who ha'e the !one and influence, for e:a!"le, the "resident of the nation, President -iir, is of the .inka tri#e% +his u"sets !an that do not #elong to this sa!e tri#e, o#'iousl causing un,ust "ractice of authorit % 3ne !a ask how this can affect the go'ern!ent@ +his has caused !an tri#es to co!e together and #reakout in 'iolence, see!ing to #e the onl answer to the Sudanese "eo"le for "olitical in,ustice%

Hicks, Huefner, McGee, Millett 3 +ension #etween "olitical leaders is co!!on et crucial for e'er countr % +he go'ern!ent controls resources, and resources can either !ake or #reak a countr % South Sudan is resource rich with !ost of its reser'es 'irtuall unta""ed% 3ne of nations greatest and oldest resources is the /ile 7i'er% +he /ile 7i'er is a north$flowing ri'er and is shared with ele'en other neigh#oring nations such as +an8ania, Aganda, 7wanda, ?urundi, .e!ocratic 7e"u#lic of the ;ongo, -en a, Ethio"ia, Eritrea, Sudan, and Eg "t% +he /ile is a "ri!ar water source of Eg "t and northern Sudan% +he /ile "ro'ides South Sudan with large fertile lands that "roduced cassa'a, groundnuts, sweet "otato, sorghu!, sesa!e, !ai8e, rice, finger !illet, cow"ea and #eans% South Sudan is also the site of one of the worldBs largest ani!al !igrations each ear, which draws !an tourists 2)iki"edia4% 3ther resources of South Sudan include !ining such as gold, sil'er, iron ore and co""er% Along with land, agriculture "roduction, wildlife, touris! and contro'ersiall oil, there are !an "recious resources% (t see!s that for so!e countries taking oil fro! Sudan is like taking cand fro! a #a# % 3il re'enues constitute of !ore than 1CD of the go'ern!ent of South Sudan*s #udget, and South Sudan "ossesses around CED of #oth South Sudan and Sudan*s esti!ated oil reser'es% 3ther influencing factors include the Greater /ile Petroleu! 3"erating ;o!"an 2G/3P;4 that is located in South Sudan% +he G/3P; is 40D owned # 9 Peo"les 7e"u#lic of ;hina 240D4, Mala sia 250D4, (ndia 22ED4, and ;entral Sudan Go'ern!ent 2ED4% 2Ferne 4 As of now the "i"eline that the nation uses to e:"ort its oil runs through Sudan% ;hinaBs oil interests ha'e forced it to "la a ke di"lo!atic role in the region, hel"ing to #reak a following a dis"ute #etween Sudan and South Sudan in 2012 2Grance4% 3il is one of the !ain sources of contro'ers #etween

Hicks, Huefner, McGee, Millett 4 Sudanese "eo"le and surrounding countries, and is a "ri!ar factor contri#uting to the war and current conflict% Headers not knowing how to use nor what to do with rich resources is a reci"e for disaster% 3n &anuar 25 #oth the .inka and /uer tri#es signed a cease$fire, which has not gone too well% All of the "ro#le!s and challenges regarding "olitics and resources ha'e led to this continuous fighting% (t started #ack in .ece!#er of 2015 when the two "residents* guards got into a gunfight, which s"read into #oth tri#es% 2-ulish4 +his new war that started not too long ago has #rought the !ost destruction0 Gro! .ece!#er 1E to &anuar 25 there has #een !ore destruction co!"ared to the rest of the war% 2S!ith4 /ot according to nu!#er of deaths, #ut the a!ount of o'erall destruction that has taken "lace throughout the war has #een significantl greater% +he cease$fire was to sto" an !o'e!ent of !ilitar , or resu""l ing% 2S!ith4 (t was designed also to #ring #oth tri#es together and figure out a solution to the "ro#le! "oliticall , #ut neither side want to gi'e u" the little "ower the ha'e% (n su!!ar , the crisis in South Sudan see!s to #e getting worse rather than #etter% (t is not an eas task to deal with corru"t "olitical leaders, unorgani8ed resources and war all at once% +here is ho"e that South Sudan*s officials will finall get tri#al identit out of their !inds and as"ire for a !ore "erfect union% 3ther countries see! to #e taking ad'antage of the Sudanese "eo"le and their resources #ecause of their lack of a#ilit to co!e together and to organi8e as one "eo"le% South Sudan needs to o'erco!e their differences, learn how to use their resources, and #eco!e a united "eo"le%

Hicks, Huefner, McGee, Millett 5

)orks ;ited IEcono! of South Sudan%I )iki"edia% )iki!edia Goundation, 16 A"r% 2014% )e#% % Jhtt"9KKen%wiki"edia%orgKwikiKEcono! LofLSouthLSudanM%

Grance , 24, ed% I?attle for oil adds new di!ension to South Sudan conflict%I France 24 % Grance 24, 26 .ec 2015 % )e#% 50 Mar 2014% Jhtt"9KKwww%france24%co!KenK20151226$#attle$oil$adds$new$di!ension$south$ sudan$conflictKM%

-ulish, /icholas, and ?enno Muchler% I+he /ew Nork +i!es%I South Sudan ;ease$Gire Signed After More +han a Month of Gighting% /%"%, 25 &an% 2014% )e#% % Jhtt"9KK!o#ile%n ti!es%co!K2014K01K24KworldKafricaKtruce$in$south$sudan%ht!l@ referrerOM% 7e"u#lic of South Sudan% G3SS% +ransitional ;onstitution of the 7e"u#lic of South Sudan% South Sudan9 Go'ern!ent of South Sudan, 2011% Print% Jhtt"9KKwww%goss%orgKdocsK+ransitional ;onstitution of South Sudan%"dfM% 7+% IAS and A- "ursuing a P!assi'e land gra#* in South Sudan%I 7+% /%"%, 24 .ec 2015% )e#% 50 Mar 2014% Jhtt"9KKrt%co!Ko"$edgeKsouth$sudan$land$gra#$642KM%

Hicks, Huefner, McGee, Millett 6 S!ith, .a'id% ISouth Sudan ceasefire deal signed%I The Guarden % /%"%, 25 &an% 2014% )e#% % Jhtt"9KKwww%theguardian%co!KworldK2014K,anK25Ksouth$sudan$ceasefire$ deal$signed%

ISouth Sudan Po"ulation 2014%I - World Population Review% /%"%, n%d% )e#% 50 Mar% 2014% ISouth Sudan Po"ulation 2014%I - World Population Review% /%"%, n%d% )e#% 50 Mar% 2014% Ferne , Peter % I7aising the Stakes9 3il and ;onflict in Sudan%I Sudan A"date% /%"%, 2 .ec% 1111% )e#% 50 Mar% 2014% Jhtt"9KKwww%sudanu"date%orgK7EP37+SK3ilK16cos%ht!lM%