Phng php gii bi ton bng cc nh lut bo ton

1. nh l ng nng: - iu kin p dng: cho mi trng hp ( vt chu tc dng ca cc ngoi lc: la ma st, lc ko, lc cn, trng lc,.) - V hnh, phn tch lc, xc nh trng thi (1) v (2). - Biu thc: Hay: - Trong cc em cn ch : , vi

2. gim th nng: - iu kin p dng: ch p dng cho lc th ( vt chu tc dng ca trng lc, lc n hi.). - Chn gc th nng. - V hnh, phn tch lc, xc nh trng thi (1) v (2). - Biu thc: + + Trong cc em cn ch : + Nu h_1 bn di gc th nng th + Hn ch s dng phng php ny. 3. nh lut bo ton c nng - iu kin p dng: p dng cho vt chuyn ng trong trng lc th + vt ch chu tc dng ca trng lc, lc n hi. + - Chn gc th nng. - V hnh, phn tch lc, xc nh trng thi (1) v (2). - Biu thc: hay - Trong cc em cn ch : + : l cao ca trng thi 1, 2 so vi gc th nng. + i vi con lc n th: 4. Bin thin c nng - iu kin p dng: p dng cho mi trng hp + vt ch chu tc dng ca lc th (trng lc, lc n hi ). + vt ch chu tc dng ca lc khng th (lc ma st, lc cn, lc ko).

- Chn gc th nng. - V hnh, phn tch lc, xc nh trng thi (1) v (2). - Biu thc: Hay - Trong cc em cn ch : + + 5. Bi tp vn dng Bi 1: Mt t khi lng 2 tn ang chuyn ng vi vn tc 36km/h th tt my v xung dc, i ht dc trong thi gian 10s. Gc nghing ca dc l Dng cc nh lut bo ton, tnh: a. Gia tc ca xe trn dc v suy ra chiu di dc. b. Vn tc ca xe chn dc. Bi gii tham kho: , h s ma st gia dc v xe l 0,01. : l cao ca trng thi 1, 2 so vi gc th nng. , vi

- Vt chu tc dng cc lc: + Trng lc + Phn lc + Lc ma st , lc th. , , ngoi lc.

- V c ngoi lc ma st tc dng nn khng th vn dng nh lut bo ton c nng, ch c th dng nh l ng nng hoc bin thin c nng. - Cch 1: S dng nh l ng nng. + Ta s vit biu thc nh l ng nng cho vt chuyn ng t nh dc (1) n chn dc (2). +

+ Vi + Suy ra: + Kt hp h thc c lp thi gian: + Suy ra gia tc ca xe trn dc: (*)

+ Chiu di dc: + Vn tc xe chn dc:

Hoc c th tnh t biu thc (*). - Cch 2: S dng bin thin c nng. + Ta s vit biu thc bin thin c nng cho vt chuyn ng t nh dc (1) n chn dc (2). + Chn gc th nng ti chn dc.

+ Vi + Suy ra: + Kt hp h thc c lp thi gian: + Suy ra gia tc ca xe trn dc: (*)

+ Chiu di dc: + Vn tc xe chn dc: Hoc c th tnh t biu thc (*). Bi 2: Qu cu nh khi lng 500g treo u mt si dy di 1m, u trn ca dy c nh. Ko qu cu ra khi v tr cn bng sao cho dy hp vi phng thng ng gc a. Vn tc ca con lc khi n i qua v tr cn bng. b. Tnh lc cng ca dy ti v tr cn bng. ri th t do. Tm:

Bi gii tham kho - Vt chu tc dng cc lc: + Trng lc , lc th. , + Lc cng dy

- Vt chuyn ng trong trng lc th, ta c th p dng nh lut bo ton c nng gii bi ton ny. Ngoi ra ta cng c th gii bi 2 bng nh l ng nng. a. Chn gc th nng ti v tr cn bng (v tr thp nht ca vt) . - Vit biu thc nh lut bo ton c nng cho v tr gc 45^0 v v tr cn bng.

Hay - Vi

- Suy ra:

b. Khi cn tnh n lc cng dy T ta phi p dng li nh lut II Niu tn cho vt ti v tr cn tnh, v cc phng php nng lng cho ta tm. . - Ch rng vt chuyn ng trn u vi gia tc hng tm, hp lc ca trng lc v lc cng chnh l lc hng

- Vit biu thc nh lut II Niu tn cho vt ti v tr cn bng B: - Chiu phng trnh ln trc hng tm BO:

- Suy ra: Bi 3: Gii li bi ton 2: Tm vn tc ca con lc v lc cng dy khi n i qua v tr hp vi phng thng ng 1 gc