Lecture Note of Neoplasm Block

Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Gene

Harliansyah, Ph.D
Dept of Biochemistry
FKUY, 2010

Cancer is a disease that involves the acquisition of mutations
in several specific genes in a cell, where the sum of these
Mutations allows the cell to divide and multiply and
invade surrounding tissues and organs.



In cancer, the genetic change arises in one cell in
an existing person, resulting in only a small group of
Daughter cells (the cancer cells) that contains
the mutation.
Three phase mechanism for chemical carcinogenesis :

1. Initiation , normal cells to latent tumor cells
2. Promotion , latent tumor cells to carcinoma in situ
3. Progression, carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma


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Molecular basis for risk factors
(Berger,M.M.. Clin Nutr. 24: 172-183(2005)
The blocking agents ------------- prevent carcinogens from reaching or reacting with DNA, the genetic information.

The suppressive agents -------- inhibit the expression of cancer in cells that have already been exposed to a carcinogen.
Mechanism of action blocking agents :
1. Inhibit the formation of the active carcinogen
2. Increase the rate at which the active carcinogen is inactivated
3. Act as scavengers for the active forms of carcinogens