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RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

PENGENALAN

Ringkasan penemuan ini mempersembahkan
analisis berkaitan perangkaan penting terpilih
seperti kelahiran dan kematian. Data kelahiran
dan kematian bagi tahun 2011 merupakan angka
muktamad (termasuk pendaftaran lewat)
manakala data bagi tahun 2012 merupakan
angka permulaan.

PERANGKAAN PENTING
INTRODUCTION

This summary of findings present the
analysis on selected vital statistics such as
births and deaths. Births and deaths data for
2011 are final figures (include late
registrations) while data for 2012 is
preliminary.



VITAL STATISTICS

Perangkaan penting merupakan salah satu input
utama dalam merangka perancangan dan
pembentukan dasar negara yang meliputi
pelbagai sektor seperti kesihatan, pendidikan
dan pekerjaan. Perangkaan penting digunakan
bagi menjana asas pengukuran demografi dan
epidemiologi seperti trend populasi, fertiliti dan
mortaliti. Indikator perangkaan penting ini juga
dijadikan pengukur kepada pelan pembangunan
yang telah dijalankan seperti penambahbaikan
dalam bidang kesihatan dan usaha
pembangunan yang lain.

Kadar kelahiran kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
mencatatkan peningkatan daripada 17.2 (2010)
kepada 17.6 (2011) namun menurun semula
kepada 17.2 (2012). Kadar kesuburan telah
mencecah paras penggantian iaitu 2.1 pada
tahun 2010, bagaimanapun kadar ini telah
meningkat kepada 2.2 pada tahun 2011 selari
dengan peningkatan kadar kelahiran. Secara
keseluruhannya, dalam tempoh 20102012,
hampir kesemua indikator kematian telah
mencatatkan penurunan. Namun begitu analisis
ini perlu dilihat secara berhati-hati
memandangkan data 2012 merupakan data
permulaan yang masih belum mengambil kira
pendaftaran lewat (Jadual 1).
Vital statistics is one of the main input used
for formulation of planning and policies
development across multi sector such as
health, education and employment. Vital
statistics is used to derive fundamental
demographic and epidemiological measures
such as population trends, fertility and
mortality. The vital statistics indicator is also
used as a measurement for development
plans, which have been implemented such as
improvements in the health sector and other
development efforts.

The crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)
recorded an increase from 17.2 (2010) to
17.6 (2011) however has dropped to 17.2
(2012). The fertility rate reached the
replacement level at 2.1 in 2010, however
this rate increased to 2.2 in 2011 in line to
the increase of birth rate. Overall, in the
20102012 period, almost all mortality
indicators recorded a decline. However,
users should be cautious when using this
analysis since the 2012 data are preliminary
which does not include late registrations
(Table 1).
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Jadual 1: Perangkaan Penting, Malaysia, 20102012
Table 1: Vital Statistics, Malaysia, 20102012

Indikator/Indicators 2010 2011 2012
p


Kadar kelahiran kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)


17.2

17.6

17.2
Kadar kematian kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
Crude death rate (per 1,000 population)

4.6 4.7 4.6
Kadar pertambahan semula jadi kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
Crude rate of natural increase (per 1,000 population)

12.6 12.9 12.6
Kadar kesuburan jumlah (setiap perempuan berumur 1549 tahun)
Total fertility rate (per woman aged 1549 years)

2.1 2.2 2.1
Kadar reproduksi kasar (setiap perempuan berumur 1549 tahun)
Gross reproductive rate (per woman aged 1549 years)

1.0 1.0 1.0
Kadar kelahiran mati (setiap 1,000 kelahiran)
Stillbirth rate (per 1,000 births)

4.5 4.5 4.3
Kadar mortaliti perinatal (setiap 1,000 kelahiran)
Perinatal mortality rate (per 1,000 births)

7.7 7.6 7.4
Kadar mortaliti neonatal (setiap 1,000 kelahiran hidup)
Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

4.3 4.2 4.0
Kadar mortaliti bayi (setiap 1,000 kelahiran hidup)
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

6.7 6.5 6.3
Kadar mortaliti kanak-kanak (setiap 1,000 penduduk berumur 14 tahun)
Toddler mortality rate (per 1,000 population aged 14 years)

0.4 0.4 0.4
Kadar mortaliti kurang daripada 5 tahun (setiap 1,000 kelahiran hidup)
Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)

8.4 8.0 7.7
Nisbah mortaliti ibu bersalin (setiap 100,000 kelahiran hidup)
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)

26.1 26.2 25.6



KELAHIRAN HIDUP

Bilangan kelahiran hidup telah mencatatkan
peningkatan sebanyak 20.4 ribu bagi tempoh
20102011 iaitu daripada 491.2 ribu kepada
511.6 ribu. Namun, bagi tempoh 20112012
terdapat penurunan sebanyak 2.8 ribu iaitu 508.8
ribu kelahiran hidup pada 2012. Sepanjang
kedua-dua tempoh tersebut, bilangan kelahiran
hidup bagi bayi lelaki (52%) kekal melebihi bayi
perempuan (48%) (Carta 1).



LIVE BIRTH

The number of live birth recorded an
increase of 20.4 thousand for the period of
20102011 i.e. from 491.2 thousand to 511.6
thousand. However, for the period of
20112012 there was a drop of 2.8 thousand
i.e. 508.8 thousand live births for 2012.
During both periods, the number of live birth
for male babies (52%) remained higher than
female babies (48%) (Chart 1).









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Carta 1: Kelahiran hidup mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 20102012
Chart 1: Live birth by sex, Malaysia, 20102012

Kadar kelahiran kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
bagi Melayu dan Bumiputera Lain menunjukkan
trend yang sama iaitu peningkatan bagi tempoh
20102011 tetapi menurun bagi tempoh
20112012. Cina pula mencatatkan peningkatan
kadar kelahiran bagi tempoh 20102012 iaitu
daripada 11.5 kepada 12.7 sementara India dan
Lain-lain mencatatkan penurunan bagi tempoh
yang sama. Pada tahun 2012, kadar kelahiran
tertinggi dicatatkan oleh Melayu iaitu 20.7 diikuti
Bumiputera Lain (19.0), Cina (12.7) dan India
(12.6) manakala kadar terendah dicatatkan oleh
Lain-lain (10.4) (Jadual 2).
The crude birth rates (per 1,000 population)
for Malay and Other Bumiputera showed a
similar trend i.e. increased for the period of
20102011 but decreased for the following
period. The birth rate for Chinese recorded
an increase for the period 20102012 i.e.
from 11.5 to 12.7 while the Indians and
Others recorded a decrease during the same
period. In 2012, Malay recorded the highest
birth rate at 20.7 followed by Other
Bumiputera (19.0), Chinese (12.7) and
Indians (12.6) while Others (10.4) recorded
the lowest birth rate (Table 2).


Jadual 2: Kadar kelahiran kasar mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 20102012
Table 2: Crude birth rate by ethnic groups, Malaysia, 20102012

Kumpulan etnik/Ethnic group

Kadar kelahiran kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
Crude birth rate (per 1,000 population)
2010 2011 2012
P

Jumlah/Total 17.2 17.6 17.2
Melayu/Malay 20.5 21.4 20.7
Bumiputera Lain/Other Bumiputera 19.2 19.8 19.0
Cina/Chinese 11.5 11.8 12.7
India/Indians 14.3 13.8 12.6
Lain-lain
1
/Others
1

12.1 10.9 10.4



Male Female
P

Total
1
Termasuk bukan warganegara Malaysia
Includes non-Malaysian citizens


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KESUBURAN FERTILITY

Secara keseluruhannya, kadar kesuburan jumlah
bagi Cina mencatatkan peningkatan bagi tempoh
20102012 iaitu daripada 1.5 kepada 1.7.
Analisis juga menunjukkan Melayu dan
Bumiputera Lain masih mencatatkan kadar
kesuburan jumlah melebihi paras penggantian
bagi tempoh yang sama. Namun begitu bagi
Cina, India dan Lain-lain masih berada di bawah
paras penggantian. Pada tahun 2012, kadar
kesuburan jumlah tertinggi dicatatkan oleh
Melayu iaitu 2.7 diikuti Bumiputera Lain (2.3),
Cina (1.7), India (1.5) dan Lain-lain (1.0)
(Carta 2).
Overall, the total fertility rate for Chinese
recorded total increase from 1.5 to 1.7 for the
period 20102012. Analysis also showed that
the total fertility rate for Malay and Other
Bumiputera recorded above the replacement
level for the same period. However, the rates
for Chinese, Indians and Others remained
below the replacement level. In 2012, Malay
recorded the highest total fertility rate at 2.7
followed by Other Bumiputera (2.3), Chinese
(1.7), Indians (1.5) and Others (1.0)
(Chart 2).
Carta 2: Kadar kesuburan jumlah mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 20102012
Chart 2: Total fertility rate by ethnic groups, Malaysia, 20102012





Other Bumiputera
Others
1
Indians
Chinese
Malay
Paras Penggantian/
Replacement Level
1
Termasuk bukan warganegara Malaysia
Includes non-Malaysian citizens

Kadar adalah bagi setiap perempuan berumur 15-49 tahun
The rates are per woman aged 15-49 years
P

1

2.1

Total
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KEMATIAN DEATH

Bilangan kematian mencatatkan peningkatan
bagi tempoh 20102012. Sebanyak 136.8 ribu
kematian telah didaftarkan di Malaysia bagi
tahun 2012 berbanding 131.0 ribu (2010) iaitu
peningkatan sebanyak 5.8 ribu (4.4%).
Kematian bagi lelaki melebihi perempuan iaitu
58 peratus berbanding 42 peratus (Carta 3).




The number of death recorded an increase
for the period of 20102012. There were
136.8 thousand deaths registered in
Malaysia for the year 2012 compared to
131.0 thousand (2010) i.e. an increase by 5.8
thousand (4.4%). The number of deaths for
males was higher than females i.e.
58 per cent compared to 42 per cent
(Chart 3).




Bagi tempoh yang sama, piramid kematian
penduduk Malaysia menunjukkan bilangan
kematian lelaki sentiasa melebihi perempuan
bagi setiap peringkat umur kecuali bagi umur
80 tahun dan lebih. Bilangan kematian pada
tahun 2012 melebihi bilangan kematian 2011
bagi kebanyakan peringkat kumpulan umur.
(Carta 4).

For the same period, the death pyramid for
Malaysia showed that death among males
were consistently higher than females for
every age group except for the age 80
years and above. The number of death for
2012 is higher than 2011 for almost all age
group (Chart 4).












Total Male Female
P

Carta 3: Kematian mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 20102012
Chart 3: Death by sex, Malaysia, 20102012
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Carta 4: Kematian mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010-2012
Chart 4: Death by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010-2012































Kadar kematian kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
bagi semua etnik menunjukkan peningkatan bagi
tempoh 20102012 kecuali bagi Bumiputera Lain
dan Lain-lain. Pada tahun 2012, kadar kematian
tertinggi dicatatkan oleh India (6.0) diikuti oleh
Cina (5.6), Melayu (4.9), Bumiputera Lain (3.5)
dan Lain-lain (1.6) (Jadual 3).


The crude death rate (per 1,000 population)
for all ethnic groups showed an increase for
the period 20102012 except for Other
Bumiputera and Others. In 2012, the highest
death rate was recorded by Indians (6.0),
followed by Chinese (5.6), Malay (4.9), Other
Bumiputera (3.5) and Others (1.6) (Table 3).



P

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Jadual 3: Kematian mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 20102012
Table 3: Death by ethnic groups, Malaysia, 20102012

Kumpulan etnik/Ethnic group
Kadar kematian kasar (setiap 1,000 penduduk)
Crude death rate (per 1,000 population)
2010 2011 2012
P

Jumlah/Total 4.6 4.7 4.6
Melayu/Malay 4.8 4.9 4.9
Bumiputera Lain/Other Bumiputera 3.5 3.6 3.5
Cina/Chinese 5.4 5.5 5.6
India/Indians 5.8 5.8 6.0
Lain-lain
1
/Others
1
1.6 1.6 1.6




PERTAMBAHAN SEMULA JADI

NATURAL INCREASE
Kadar pertambahan semula jadi kasar di
Malaysia menunjukkan trend turun naik
sepanjang tempoh tiga tahun (2010-2012).
Sepanjang tempoh tersebut, Cina menunjukkan
trend menaik sementara India dan Lain-lain
menunjukkan trend sebaliknya. Pada tahun
2012, Melayu mencatatkan kadar pertambahan
semula jadi kasar tertinggi iaitu 15.8 bagi setiap
1,000 penduduk manakala India mencatatkan
kadar terendah iaitu 6.6. (Carta 5).
The crude rate of natural increase for
Malaysia fluctuated over the three years
period (20102012). Chinese showed an
increasing trend throughout the period while
Indians and Others showed an inverse trend.
For the year 2012, Malay recorded the
highest crude rate of natural increase at 15.8
per 1,000 population while Indians recorded
the lowest at 6.6. (Chart 5).


Carta 5: Kadar pertambahan semula jadi kasar mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 20102012
Chart 5: Crude rate of natural increase by ethnic groups, Malaysia, 20102012



1
Termasuk bukan warganegara Malaysia
Includes non-Malaysian citizens


Other Bumiputera
Others
1

Indians Chinese
Total Malay
P

1

1
Termasuk bukan warganegara Malaysia
Includes non-Malaysian citizens


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KELAHIRAN MATI

Bilangan kelahiran mati di Malaysia telah
mencatatkan sedikit penurunan pada 2012
berbanding 2010 iaitu daripada 2,222 kepada
2,213. Ini menyumbang kepada penurunan kadar
kelahiran mati daripada 4.5 kepada 4.3 bagi
setiap 1,000 kelahiran. Bilangan kelahiran mati
bagi lelaki mencatatkan peningkatan marginal
iaitu daripada 1,199 (2010) kepada 1,208 (2012).
Walau bagaimanapun, kadar kelahiran mati bagi
lelaki menunjukkan penurunan daripada 4.7
(2010) kepada 4.6 (2012). Bilangan dan kadar
kelahiran mati bagi lelaki kekal melebihi
perempuan dalam tempoh 2010-2012
(Jadual 4).
STILLBIRTH

The number of stillbirth in Malaysia recorded
marginal decrease in 2012 compared to 2010
i.e. from 2,222 to 2,213. This contributed to
the drop in the stillbirth rate from 4.5 to 4.3
per 1,000 births. The number of stillbirths for
male recorded a marginal increase i.e. from
1,199 (2010) to 1,208 (2012). However, the
stillbirth rate for male declined from 4.7
(2010) to 4.6 (2012). The number and the
rate of stillbirth for male remained higher than
female for the period of 2010-2012 (Table 4).


Jadual 4: Kelahiran mati mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 20102012
Table 4: Stillbirth by sex, Malaysia, 20102012

Tahun
Year
Bilangan/Number

Kadar kelahiran mati
(setiap 1,000 kelahiran)
Stillbirth rate
(per 1,000 births)


Jumlah
Total

Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female

Jumlah
Total
Lelaki
Male
Perempuan
Female
2010 2,222 1,199 1,023 4.5 4.7 4.3
2011

2,305 1,231 1,074 4.5 4.6 4.3
2012
P

2,213 1,208 1,005 4.3 4.6 4.1