Nhm 6

inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 1 -
Abstract: Tru tng
The research shows that pre-school children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.
abstraction
abstractly

Accurate: ng n, chnh xc
The police are trying to obtain a more accurate picture of crime levels.
accuracy
accurately
inaccuracy
inaccurate
inaccurately

Acknowledge: Tha nhn
She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.
I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.
It is generally acknowledged to be true.
acknowledgement

Aggregate: Tng s
Liverpool won 2-0 on aggregate (= in total).
The three smaller parties gained an aggregate of 25 per cent of the vote.
aggregation

Allocate: Phn phi, phn b
More resources are being allocated to the project.
Allocate somebody/something The project is being allocated more resources.
Allocate something (for something) A large sum has been allocated for buying new
books for the library.
Allocate something (to somebody/something) They intend to allocate more places to
mature students this year.
allocation

Assign: Phn cng
The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.
The teacher assigned each of the children a different task.
assignment
reassign
reassignment
unassigned
Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 2 -
Attach: nh km, bao gm
She attached a photograph to her letter.
There were too many conditions attached to the deal.
attached
attachment
unattached

Author: Tc gi
He is the author of three books on art.
authorship

Bond: Mi quan h, mi rng buc
A bond of friendship had been forged between them.
The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.
bonding

Brief: Ngn ngi, vn tt
Brief visit/meeting/conversationa brief pause/silence
Mozart's life was brief.
brevity
briefing
briefly

Capable: (~skilled, competent) C ti, c nng lc, c kh nng
She's a very capable teacher.
capability
capably
incapable

Cite: Trch dn (quote)
He cited his heavy workload as the reason for his breakdown.
She cited a passage from the President's speech.
citation

Cooperative: Hp tc (adj)
Cooperative activity is essential to effective community work.
Employees will generally be more cooperative if their views are taken seriously.
cooperate
cooperation
cooperatively
Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 3 -
Discrimination: S phn bit i x
Discrimination against older workers
discriminate

Display: (~exhibit ) By ra, trng by, ph trng (exhibition = cuc trin lm)
The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their work.
She displayed her bruises for all to see.
I have rarely seen her display any sign of emotion.
These statistics display a definite trend.

Diversity: iu khc bit ln
(~variety)
diverse
diversification
diversify

Domain: Phm vi, lnh a, lnh th
The care of older people is being placed firmly within the domain of the family.
The Spice Islands were within the Spanish domains.

Edition: S bn in ra, ln xut bn
The electronic edition of The Guardian
The story was in Tuesday's edition of The New York Times.
The article appeared in the evening edition of The Mercury.
edit
editor
editorial
editorship
editorial
editorial

Enhance: (~improve) Nng cao, bt, tng cng, cao
This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company
The skilled use of make-up to enhance your best features
enhanced
enhancement

Estate: Ti sn
Her estate was left to her daughter.
He left estate valued at a million dollars.
Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 4 -
Exceed: Tri hn, nhiu hn (ni)
The price will not exceed 100.
His achievements have exceeded expectations.

Expert: Chuyn gia
Expert (at/in/on something) an expert in child psychology
Expert (at/in/on doing something) He's an expert at getting his own way.
expertise
expertly

Explicit: R rng.
He gave me very explicit directions on how to get there.
(~frank: thng thn)
explicitly
explicitness

Federal: (thuc) lin bang
federally
federation

Fee: Ph
Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?

Flexible: Linh hot, mm do
You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.
flexibility
flexibly
inflexibility
inflexible
inflexibly

Furthermore: (~moreover) Hn na, v li, ngoi ra
He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he had not even
contacted her.

Gender: Ging
In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and gender.
Masculine gender: ging c
Feminine gender: ging ci

Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 5 -
Ignore: (~disregard, take no notice of) L i, pht l
He ignored all the No Smoking signs and lit up a cigarette.
If he tries to start an argument, just ignore him.
ignorance
ignorant
ignorantly

Incentive: S khch l
Incentive (for/to somebody/something) (to do something)
There is no incentive for people to save fuel.

Incidence: Tn sut
An area with a high incidence of crime
incident
incidentally

Incorporate: Kt hp, st nhp
The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features.
We have incorporated all the latest safety features into the design.
incorporation

Index: Mc lc
Look it up in the index.
Author and subject indexes are available on a library database.

Inhibit: Ngn chn, hn ch, kim ch
A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.
Financial considerations are inhibiting access to higher education.
(The managing director's presence inhibited them from airing their problems.)
inhibition

Initiate: (~set in motion) Bt u, khi ng
To initiate legal proceedings against somebody
The government has initiated a programme of economic reform.
The reforms were initiated by Gorbachev.
initiation
initiative
initiator


Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 6 -
Input: Ci cho vo, u vo
Barley is one of the main inputs to the process of distillation.
Growing anything in this soil will require heavy inputs of nutrients.
I'd appreciate your input on this.

Instruct: (~direct, order) Ch dn
The letter instructed him to report to headquarters immediately.
instruction
instructive
instructively
instructor

Intelligent: Thng minh
intelligence
intelligently
unintelligent

Interval: Khong thi gian ngh (gia 2 s kin)
The interval between major earthquakes might be 200 years.
He knocked on the door and after a brief interval it was opened.

Lecture: Bi din thuyt, bi thuyt trnh
To attend a series of lectures on Jane Austen
I know I should stop smokingdon't give me a lecture about it.
lecturer

Migrate: (+to) (~emigrate): Di c, di dn
Thousands were forced to migrate from rural to urban areas in search of work.
migrant
migration
migratory

Minimum: Ti thiu, nh nht, t nht
What are your minimum requirements for the job?
The work was done with the minimum amount of effort.
ministerial
ministry

Ministry: B

Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 7 -
Motive: C, l do, ng c
There seemed to be no motive for the murder.
I'm suspicious of his motives.
I have an ulterior motive in offering to help you.
motivate
motivated
motivation
motivational
motivator
motiveless
unmotivated

Neutral: (~impartial, unbiased) Trung lp
Journalists are supposed to be politically neutral.
I didn't take my father's or my mother's side; I tried to remain neutral.
neutrality
neutralization
neutralize
neutrally

Nevertheless: (~nonetheless ) Tuy nhin, tuy th m
Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.
There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is
important that we try
The old system had its flaws, but nevertheless it was preferable to the new one.

Overseas: Hi ngoi, ngoi nc (adj)
Overseas development/markets/trade
Overseas students/visitors

Precede: Xy ra trc, tn ti trc, i trc
She preceded me in the job.
See the preceding chapter.
It had happened during the preceding year.
precedence
precedent
unprecedented
unprecedentedly


Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 8 -
Presume: (~assume) Cho l, coi nh l, on chng
They are very expensive, I presume?
I presumed him to be her husband.
Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.
presumably
presumption
presumptuous

Rational: (~ reasonable) C l, phi l
There is no rational explanation for his actions.
irrational
irrationality
irrationally
rationalism
rationality
rationalization
rationalize
rationally

Recover: (ni, ngoi) Hi phc, bnh phc
He's still recovering from his operation.
It can take many years to recover from the death of a loved one.
The economy is at last beginning to recover.
recoverable
recovered
recovery

Reveal: (~disclose) Tit l, pht gic, l, bc l
Details of the murder were revealed by the local paper.
The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.
revealing
revealingly
revelation

Scope: phm vi, tm xa (kin thc)
Our powers are limited in scope.
These issues were outside the scope of the article.



Nhm 6
inh Nho Hip ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com

- 9 -
Subsidy: Tin tr cp
Agricultural subsidies
subsidiary
subsidization
subsidize

Tape: Bng ghi m
I lent her my Bob Marley tapes.

Trace: (~track down) Tm, truy du, truy tm gc gc
We finally traced him to an address in Chicago.
I have been unable to trace the letter you mentioned.
She could trace her family tree back to the 16th century.
traceable

Transform: (~convert) Thay i, bin i hnh th, nh dng
The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses.
It was an event that would transform my life.
(completely change theo hng better)
transformation
transformational

Transport: S vn chuyn, vn ti
He can't drive so he has to rely on public transport.
Transport to and from the airport is included in the price.
transportation
transporter

Underlying: Nm di, n di
The underlying assumption is that the amount of money available is limited.
Unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate.
underlie

Utilise: Dng, s dng (~make use of)
The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material.
The resources at our disposal could have been better utilized.
Vitamin C helps the body utilize the iron present in your body.
utility
utilization
utilize