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329.1419/20)

POLITICAL REVIEW
(XXIV) XI, vol=32
. 2 / 2012.
. 219-244.

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29. 2012).
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tent/govor-dr-zorana-%C4%91in%C4%91i%C4%87-u-saveznoj-skup%C5%A1tini-2?for
mat=simple ( 24. 2012)
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 . 2/2012 . (XXIV) XI vol=32

: 219-244.

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- 238 -

 . 2/2012 . (XXIV) XI vol=32

: 219-244.

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- 240 -

 . 2/2012 . (XXIV) XI vol=32

: 219-244.

.
,
.
Miodrag Radojevic
TWO DECADES IN SERBIA CONSTITUTIONALITY
- Constitutions of the emergency (1990-2010)
Summary
In this text author analyzed modern period in develop
ment of Serbian constitutionality. The author started the
analysis from the point of methodological matrix by which
the constitutional order is a complex product of social and
historical processes. In accord with a theory of constitu
tionalism the author analyzed political circumstances and
formal-legal character of the procedure of adoption of the
Constitution and underlined its substantial deficiencies.
In case of Serbia it is possible to notice that the consti
tutions are the constitutions in the state of emergency.
In contrast to other transitional states, Serbia faced more
complex demands (challenges) regarding adoption of first
Constitution. The Constitution gained a role of an act for
articulation of democratization processes and also the
role of protection of the statehood. In such circumstances
it was more difficult to accomplish a constitutional formu
la and adopt the constitutions in accord with procedural
legitimacy. Main political factors treated the Constitu
tion issue within the context of the party-oriented politics,
which implied that the Constitution was not accepted as a
basic social contract.
Key Words: Constitution, constitutionality, constitutional
ism, legitimacy, the reign of law, federalism, state union
of Serbia and Crna Gora, European Union, constitutional
consensus, capacities of political institutions

, :
, , . 1/1995,
, , 1995, . 91-135.
, (1990-1994),
, . 6/1994, . 5-22.
, ,
, , 2007.
, ,
, , 2007.

- 241 -

...

, ,
, , 1939.
(.),
, , , 1990.
(.),
, , , 1991.
, ? -
(1990-1994), : ,
, 6, ,
, , 2006.
, ,
, , , 2007,
Linc Huan - Alfred Stepan, Demokratska tranzicija i konsolidacija, Filip
Vinji, 1995.
, , ,
,
, , , 2011.
, ,
, 1990-2010,
, , 2011.
, ,
, ,
2012.
, ,
, ,
, 2010
, ,
, , , 1994.
, ...
, , , 2003.
,
, , , 2008.
, ,
2000. , ,
, 2007.
Pajvani Marijana, Krenje Ustavne povelje dravne zajednice Srbija i
Crna Gora, Pravni ivot, br. 12/2005, Beograd, . 1105-1123.
,
2006. : . , . (.),
, ,
, 2010, . 411-428.
Fridrih Karl, Konstitucionalna demokratija, CID, Podgorica, 2005.
, ,
, , , 1995
, , .
1/90.
, , .
98/06.
,
, . 1/92.

- 242 -

 . 2/2012 . (XXIV) XI vol=32

: 219-244.

,
, . 1/03.

28. 2003. , , . 6/03.
, http://
www.pregled-rs.com/include/data/dlst0001.pdf

, , . 32/00.
,
, . 48/94 11/98.

Resume
Modern period of development of constitutionality in Ser
bia symbolically started with disintegration of doctrine
and practice of real-socialism. On global level transition
implied a change of ideological paradigm installment of
market economy, multiparty system and the reign of law.
New constitutions in post-communist states confirmed and
declaratively guarantied political reforms. In majority of
these states the way of adoption of the Constitution and its
frame were a result of the settlement between government
and opposition. Their recent history of constitutionalism
was not marked by frequent changed and conflicts regard
ing solution of the Constitution issue. However in Serbia
the constitutional process went on by different scenario.
Serbia independently adopted two republic Constitutions
(1990 and 2006) and participated together with Crna
Gora in adoption of federal Constitution (1992) and the
Constitutional Charter (2003). What these constitutional
acts had in common was the fact that they were all adopted
in the midst of unfavorable political circumstances. Un
regulated state status, Sisyphus-like work of preservation
of dysfunctional federation with Crna Gora, ethnical con
flicts of Serbian people in other republics and preservation
of territorial integrity and sovereignty influenced the pro
cess of bringing solution to the Constitution issue. During
last two decades Serbia was continually in an informal
state of emergency, which produced numerous negative
consequences to its overall economic and political devel
opment. Political energy was not directed toward solving
of the issue of development of democracy, but to solving of
national and state issue.
Aggravating circumstances in which the adoption and
change of the Constitution took place were objective mo
ments of this process. The Constitution of 1990 was ad
opted in circumstances of upcoming disintegration of Yu
- 243 -

...

goslav socialist federation, development of secessionist

movement of Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija and prior
to organization of first multiparty election after a period
of half a century.
At that time it did not occur yet to Serbian political elite
to think about adoption of the Constitution as the matter
of compromise between government and opposition. This
fact caused the opposition to proclaim that the change of
the Constitution was its main demand as well as one of
basic topics in political life. Two years later there was ad
opted the joint Constitution with Crna Gora for purpose of
preservation of the state-legal continuity of Yugoslavia. A
requiem for disintegration of the Federal Republic of Yu
goslavia started with adoption of the State Charter. In this
document which was signed by highest state officials of
the two republics under supervision of representatives of
the European Union there was deposited duration of the
state-legal marriage. Serbia adopted a new Constitution
in 2006 as an independent state, with a basic legitimate
precondition that by this act it protected her territorial in
tegrity in Kosovo and Metohija.
Political circumstances influenced the way of adoption of
these constitutions and the Constitutional Charter. Their
characteristics were the speed in the adoption of the Con
stitution, breaking the rules of the Constitution-making
procedure and undermining of the principle of Constitu
tionality.
As a rule, apart from political parties other social ac
tors were not involved into the public debate regarding
the making of Constitution. The procedure of adoption of
the Constitution influenced the content of normative text.
Quality of the text of the Constitution is (was) not achieved
in appropriate legal-technical level.

28. 2012. 27.

2012. .

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