IP Addressing

Understanding IP Addressing
To receive and deliver packets successfully
between computers, TCP/IP requires that
each computer be configured with three
values provided by the network
administrator: an IP-address, a subnet mask,
and a default gateway (router).
IP Addresses
Every device attached to a TCP/IP network
is identified by a unique IP address
This address is typically represented in
dotted-decimal notation, that is, with the
decimal value of each octet (eight bits, or
one byte) of the address separated by a
period.
Here is a sample IP address:
167.147.0.10
Net ID Host ID
IP Address
Network ID and Host ID
The network ID identifies the systems that
are located on the same physical network.
All systems on the same physical network
must have the same network ID, and the
network ID must be unique to the
internetwork.
The host ID identifies a workstation, server,
router, or other TCP/IP device within a
network. The address for each device must be
unique to the network ID.
IP Address Classes


The Internet community has defined address
classes to accommodate networks of
varying sizes.
The address class can be discerned from the
first octet of an IP-address.
It also identifies the total number of network
IDs and host IDs for each address class that
participates in the Internet addressing scheme.
IP Address Classes
Subnet Masks
Subnet masks are 32-bit values that allow
the recipient of IP packets to distinguish the
network ID portion of the IP address from
the host ID.
Subnet masks are created by assigning 1s
to network ID bits and 0s to host ID bits.
Default Subnet Masks for Standard
IP Address Classes