KHI QUT V NHM OXI

I - V TR NHM OXI TRONG BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T

Nhm oxi bao gm cc nguyn t oxi (O), lu hunh (S), selen (Se), telu (Te) v poloni (Po) thuc
nhm VIA ca bng tun hon.
- Oxi l nguyn t ph bin nht trn tri t, chim khong 20% th tch khng kh, khong 50% khi
lng v tri t, khong 60% khi lng c th con ngi, 89% khi lng nc.
- Lu hunh c nhiu trong lng t. Ngoi ra lu hunh c trong thnh phn cu du th, khi ni la, c th
sng (doi dng cu ni kp SS lin kt cc chui protein vi nhau).
- Selen l cht bn dn rn,mu nu . Selen dn in km trong bng ti, dn in tt khi c chiu sng.
- Telu l cht rn, mu xm, thuc loi nguyn t him.
- Poloni l nguyn t kim loi, c tnh phng x.
II - CU TO NGUYN T CA NHNG NGUYN T TRONG NHM
OXI
1.Ging nhau
Nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong nhm oxi c 6 electron lp ngoi cng: Obitan s c 2 electron v
obitan p c 4 electron (ns2np4), trong c 2 electron c thn:

Khi tham gia phn ng vi nhng nguyn t c m in nh hn, nguyn t ca nhng nguyn t ny c
kh nng thu thm 2 electron c cu hnh electron bn vng (ns2np6). Cc nguyn t trong nhm oxi
c tnh oxi ha v c th to nn nhng hp cht, trong chng c s oxi ha 2.
2. S khc nhau gia oxi v cc nguyn t trong nhm
Nguyn t nguyn t O khng c phn lp d, Nguyn t ca nhng nguyn t cn li (S, Se, Te) c
phn lp d cn trng:

Nhng electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t S, Se, Te khi c kch thch, chng c th chuyn n
nhng obitan d cn trng to ra lp ngoi cng c 4 hoc 6 electron c thn:

Do vy khi tham gia phn ng vi nhng nguyn t c m in ln hn, nguyn t ca cc nguyn
t S, Se, Te c kh nng to nn nhng hp cht c lin kt cng ha tr, trong chng c s oxi
ha +4 hoc +6.
III - TNH CHT CA CC NGUYN T TRONG NHM OXI
1. Tnh cht ca n cht
Cc nguyn t trong nhm oxi l nhng nguyn t phi kim mnh (tr nguyn t Po), chng c tnh oxi ha
mnh (tuy nhin yu hn so vi nhng nguyn t halogen cng chu k). Tnh cht ny gim dn t oxi n
telu.
2. Tnh cht ca hp cht
- Hp cht vi hiro (H2S, H2Se, H2Te) l nhng cht kh, c mi kh chu v c hi. Dung dch ca
chng trong nc c tnh axit yu.
- Hp cht hiroxit (H2SO4, H2SeO4, H2TeO4) l nhng axit.
Bng 6.1
Tm tt cu to nguyn t v tnh cht ca cc nguyn t trong nhm oxi