Cu 1:

Mt hp cht c thnh phn l 40%C;6,7%H v 53,3%O. Hp cht c CTGN l :

A.C6H8O. B.C2H4O.
C.CH2O. D.C3H6O.

Cu 2: Pht biu ng l
A. Axit cha no khi chy lun cho s mol CO2 ln hn s mol H2O.
B. anehit tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni) lun to ancol bc nht.
C. anehit va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ha.
D.A,B,C u ng.

Cu 3: Cho cc cht sau :
(1)CH2=CHCH2OH; (2)CH3CH2CHO; (3) CH3COCH3.
Pht biu ng l
A:(1),(2),(3) l cc ng phn.
B:(3) tc dng vi H2( xc tc Ni) to 1 ancol bc 2.
C:(1),(2) tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni) u to ra (1) ancol.
D:A,B,C u ng.

Cu 4: Cho 4 hp cht c CTPT l :
M:C3H6O; N: C3H6O2; P:C3H4O; Q:C3H4O2.
Bit :M v P cho phn ng trng gng ; N v Q phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH;Q phn
ng vi H2 to thnh N ; oxi ha P thu c Q.
a) M v P theo th t l:
A:C2H5COOH;CH2=CHCOOH. B:C2H5CHO;CH2=CHCHO.
C:CH2=CHCOOH;C2H5COOH. D:CH2=CHCHO;C2H5CHO.
b) N v Q theo th t l:
A:C2H5COOH;CH2=CHCOOH. B:CH2=CHCOOH;C2H5COOH.
C:C2H5CHO;CH2=CHCHO. D:CH2=CHCHO;C2H5CHO.

Cu 5: Cho cc cht sau:
(1)CH2=CHCH2OH; (2)HOCH2CHO; (3) HCOOCH=CH2.
Pht biu ng l
A:(1),(2),(3) tc dng c vi Na.
B: Trong A,B,C c 2 cht cho phn ng trng gng.
C:(1),(2),(3) l cc ng phn.
D:(1),(2),(3) chy u cho s mol H2O b hn s mol CO2.

Cu 6: Hai hp cht hu c X,Y c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. C X v Y u tc dng vi
Na ; X tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn Y c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc
cu to ca X v Y ln lt l
A:C2H5COOH;HCOOC2H5. B:HCOOC2H5;HOCH2OCH3.
C:HCOOC2H5;HOCH2CH2CHO. D:C2H5COOH;CH3CH(OH)CHO.

Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht : HCHO,CH3COOH,HCOONa,HCOOH,C2H5OH,HCOOCH3.
S cht trong dy tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A:3. B:6.
C:4. D:5.

Cu 8: Cho cc cht sau : phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc
dng c vi nhau l 1 --- 5
2 ---- 3
3 ----- 4 5
A:4. B:3.
C:2. D:1.

Cu 9: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn
ng vi: Na,NaOH,Na2CO3.X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn
ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1,X2 ln lt l
A:CH3COOH,CH3COOCH3. B:(CH3)2CHOH,HCOOCH3.
C:HCOOCH3,CH3COOH. D:CH3COOH,HCOOCH3.

Cu 10: Cho tt c cc ng phn mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng
vi : Na,NaOH,NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l
A:2. B:5.
C:4. D:3.

Cu 11: Cho cc cht sau :
CH3CH2CHO(1);CH2=CHCHO(2);CHCCHO(3)
CH2=CHCH2OH(4);(CH3)2CHOH(5). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng
d H2(Ni,to) cng to ra mt sn phm l
A:(2),(3),(4),(5). B:(1),(2),(4),(5).
C:(1),(2),(3). D:(1),(2),(3),(4).

Cu 12: Cho cc hp cht hu c :
C2H4;C2H2;CH2O;CH2O2 (mch h); C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc). Bit C3H4O2khng lm
chuyn mu qu tm m.
a. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra Ag l
A:2. B:4.
C:3. D:5.
b. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra kt ta l
A:2. B:4.
C:3. D:5.

Cu 13: C th phn bit ba l mt nhn cha :
HCOOH;CH3COOH;C2H5OH vi ha cht no di y
A:ddAgNO3/NH3. B:NaOH.
C:Na. D:Cu(OH)2/OH.

Cu 14: phn bit 3 mu ha cht ring bit : phenol, axit acrylic, axit axetic bng mt thuc th,
ngi ta dng thuc th
A: dung dch Na2CO3. B:CaCO3.
C: dung dch Br2. D. dung dch AgNO3/NH3.

Cu 15: Trng gng hon ton hp cht hu c X bng AgNO3/NH3 thu c hn hp sn
phm ch gm cc cht v c. X c cu to
A:HCHO. B:HCOONH4.
C:HCOOH. D. Tt c u ng.
Bi 4059

Mt nguyn t kim loi R trong h thng tun hon chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n.
Cho 20,4gam oxit ca R tan hon ton trong 246,6gam dung dch 17,76% ca hp cht vi hiro v 1 phi
kim X thuc nhm VII to dung dch A
- Xc nh nguyn t X v cng thc mui
- Tnh nng % ca dung dch A



a) Xc nh R oxit cao nht ca R:R2Ox
2R16x=52,9447,06
847,04x=94,12RR=9x R l kim loi nn : x= 1,2,3
K bng c th xc nh R l Al
b) Xc nh nguyn t X v cng thc mui
nAl2O3=20,4102=0,2 mol
Gi cng thc ca axit l HX v X thuc nhm VIImHX246,6.17,76100=43,796 gam
Al2O3+6HX2AlX3+3H2O
nHX=6.0,2=1,2 molMHX=43,7961,2=36,5X:Cl
Cng thc mui AlCl3; C%AlCl3=( nAlCl3.MAlCl3 ) (mAl2O3+246,6) .100 = 20%
Bi 1404

Cho mt t nc vo trong ng nghim cha mt mu phenol, lc nh. Mu phenol hu nh khng i. Thm
tip my git dung dch natrihiroxit, lc nh, thy mu phenol tan dn. Cho kh cacbonic sc vo dung dch,
thy dung dch vn c. Gii thch cc hin tng trn.

- Mu phenol hu nh khng i v phenol rt t tan trong nc iu kin thng.
- Khi thm dung dch natrihiroxit, phenol "tan" l do phn ng vi natrihiroxit to ta mui natri
phenolat tan c trong nc:
C6H5OH+NaOH C6H5ONa+H2O
- Khi cho kh cacbonic sc vo dung dch thy vn c l do phn ng:
C6H5ONa+CO2+H2O C6H5OH +NaHCO3
Phenol l mt axit rt yu, n b axitcacbonic (cng l mt axit yu) y ra khi dung dch mui.

Bi 4173

Cho bit sn phm phn ng ca isobutilen vi H2S trong H2SO4 c. Ti sao phn ng khng xy ra nu
khng c H2SO4 c ?

Phn ng :

Gii thch: H2S l axit yu v khng th bt u phn ng bng cch cng H+ vo C=C m phi
nh H2SO4 m c cng H+ vo C=C to cacbocation (CH3)3C, sau lin kt
vi Sca H2S to ra axit lin hp ca (CH3)3CSH+2 v tr li H+ cho HSO4 to thnh
sn phm cui cng.

Bi 4029

Mt loi xng c cha 4 ankan vi phn trm s mol nh sau : heptan (10%), octan (50%),
nonam (30%) v ecan (10%).
a) Tnh khi lng mol trung bnh ca xng.
b) Tnh t khi hi ca xng so vi khng kh (M=29g/mol).
c) Kh s dng loi xng ny chy t v m t cn trn ln hi xng v khng kh theo t l th tch nh
th no phn ng chy xy ra va ?
d) Nhit nng ca ankan c th tnh theo cng thc sau:
Q=(612n+197)KJmol
trong n l s nguyn t C trong phn t ankan.
Hy tnh nhit ta ra khi t chy 1 mol loi xng trn.
e) Mt xe my chy 100km tiu th ht 1,5kg xng ni trn. Hy tnh xem khi xe chy 100km chic xe
my tiu th bao nhiu lt oxi ca khng kh, thot ra bao nhiu lt CO2 v thi ra mi trng mt
lng nhit bng bao nhiu ?
Gi thit nng lng gii phng khi t chy nhin liu c 80% c chuyn thnh c nng, cn li chuyn
thnh nhit ta ra mi trng. Cc th tch o 27,30C v 1 atm.

a) Theo bi:
1 mol tng ( 0,1molC7H16
0,5molC8H18 0,3molC9H20 0,1molC10H2 )Cn
tb
H2ntb +2
n=0,1.7+0,5.8+0,3.9+0,1.10=8,4
M=14n+2=119,6g/mol.
b) dxng/kk=119,629=4,124.
c) Phn ng chy (n) ca xng:
CnH2n+2+(3n+12)O2 nCO2+(n+1)H2O
1 lt (3n+12) lt
VO2 (t chy ht 1 lt hi xng) =3n+12=3.8,4+1213,1 lt
Vkhng kh=5.VO2=5.13,1=65,5 lt.
T l th tch cn trn : VxngVkk=165,5.
d) Nhit ta ra khi t chy 1 mol xng:
q=612.n+197=612.8,4+197=5337,8KJ/mol
e) S mol xng trong 1,5kg xng =1500119,6=12,542mol
CnH2n+2+(3n+12)O2 nCO2+(n+1)H2O
1 mol (3n+12) mol n mol
t chy 1 mol xng cn s mol O2 l: 3.8,4+12=13,1 mol
S mol CO2 to thnh khi t chy 1 mol xng l 8,4 mol
Khi t chy 1,5kg xng (12,542mol) cn s mo O2 l :
12,542.13,1=164,3 mol
Th tch O2=n.R.TP=164,3.0,082.300,31=4045,82 lt
S mol CO2 to thnh khi t chy 1,5kg xng l:
12,542.8,4=105,35mol
Th tch CO2 thi ra mi trng:
VCO2=105,35.0,082.300,31=2594,20 lt
Nhit ta ra khi t chy 1,5kg xng l:
12,542.5337,8=66946,69KJ
Lng nhit thi ra kh quyn l:
Q=66946,69.20100=13389,34KJ.