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Rigging Book CR
Rigging Book CR
RIGGING
BOOK
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Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
FOREWORD
The handling, setting, and erection of materials
and equipment is a hazardous occupation. Each
operation presents its own peculiar problems and
no two jobs are alike. With proper consideration
taken, each job can be performed free of bodily
harm to the worker and without damage to the
equipment.
This manual has been designed as a reference to
assist in safely applying the basic rigging equip-
ment used in construction work.
The contents of this manual are minimum
requirements. Check with local and country
regulations for stricter requirements.
The Hand Rigging Book contains recommenda-
tions for users to consider. The booklet is not
legal advice and should not be relied upon
solely in any given situation. DuPont makes no
express or implied warranty or guarantee as to
the information content of the Hand Rigging Book
or that it contains all possible recommendations
concerning safety, health or the environmental
protection. DuPont assumes no liability or
responsibility of any kind whatsoever resulting
from the use of any information contained in this
booklet.
This handbook is issued and maintained
by Engineerings Facilities Construction
& Support organization.
Copyright 2007 E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. The DuPont Oval Logo and The miracles
of science
VG G VG F E VG E
Polypropylene VG G E E E G E
*Most chemical solutions and solvents affect rope to varying degrees; therefore,
care should be taken to prevent contact with them.
KEY E - Excellent
VG - Very Good
G - Good
F - Fair
P - Poor
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
22
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Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
7. HOOKS, SHACKLES, BEAM CLAMPS,
AND TROLLEYS
7.1 BASIC RULES
7.1.1 Only ONE eye in a hook. Use a shackle to
hold two or more eyes.
7.1.2 Pin of shackle should be placed in hook
with the eyes of chokers bearing on the shank.
See Table 7.
7.1.3 All hooks should either bear a safety latch
or be moused.
7.1.4 Never overload a hook beyond its rated
capacity.
7.1.5 Hooks must be replaced when inspection
shows spread, distortion, wear, or fracture.
7.1.6 Never place a load on the point of a hook
- always in the center.
7.1.7 Get approval before applying a beam
clamp to any structural member to assure that
structural member will support the load being
raised.
7.1.8 Use only approved type beam clamps for
lifting any load. No welded rings or feld-fabricated
lifting devices are to be used.
7.1.9 Check to make sure clamp fts beam and is
adequate to support load to be handled. (Consider
strength of fange of beam).
7.1.10 Beam clamps should be securely fastened
to the beam.
7.1.11 The use of beam clamps is not recom-
mended when angle lifts are to be made. The
23
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
24
design calculations for beam clamp capacity are
made for straight lifts. Lifting at an angle places
the beam fange under multiple stresses and the
beam clamp under point loading, making it pos-
sible to exceed design capabilities.
7.1.12 Never use plate grips, tongs, girder hooks,
pipe clamps, etc., as substitutes for beam clamps.
7.1.13 All hooks, where possible, shall be
equipped with a safety latch. For those hooks
where safety latches are not possible, mousing
must be applied to close the throat opening.
Rigging using hooks with no safety latches that
incorporate mousing should be avoided.
7.1.14 Beam clamps should be visually inspected
before each use by checking hooks, locking pins,
and lifting eyes for distortion or other defects;
inspecting welds for cracks; checking bolts or
locking devices for ease of operation; making sure
that identifcation numbers, capacity, and beam
size are clearly marked on the clamp.
7.1.15 Rebar shall not be used as a lifting device.
7.1.16 Installation of trolleys on monorails should
be performed by trained personnel only.
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
25
TABLE 6
STRENGTH OF STANDARD HOOKS
Carbon Steel Forged, Quenched, Tempered
Design Factor = 5
EYE HOOK SHANK HOOK SWIVEL HOOK
Working
Load Throat Eye Shank Swivel
Limit Opening A Size B Size C Thickness D
Tons Inches
3
/4
5
/16 1
15
/32
19
/32
3
/8
1 1
1
/32 1
3
/4
21
/32
1
/2
1
1
/2 1
1
/16 2
1
/32
23
/32
5
/8
2 1
7
/32 2
13
/32
7
/8
5
/8
3 1
1
/2 2
15
/16 1
5
/32
3
/4
5 1
7
/8 3
13
/16 1
13
/32 1
7
1
/2 2
1
/4 4
11
/16 1
11
/32 1
1
/8
10 2
1
/2 5
3
/8 1
27
/32 1
1
/4
15 3
3
/8 6
5
/8 2
1
/4 1
1
/2
20 4 7 2
3
/4 1
1
/2
24 4
3
/4 9
5
/16 3
1
/2
32 5
3
/4 10
3
/4 4
1
/8
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
26
TABLE 7
STRENGTH OF SHACKLES
Screw Pin, Round Pin, Safety Forged,
Quenches, and Tempered Alloy Steel Pins
Design Factor = 6
SCREW PIN ROUND PIN
Working Load Size of Diam. of Inside
Limit Shank A Pin B Width C
Tons Inches Inches Inches
1
/2
1
/4
5
/16
15
/32
3
/4
5
/16
3
/8
17
/32
1
3
/8
7
/16
21
/32
1
1
/2
7
/16
1
/2
23
/32
2
1
/2
5
/8
13
/16
3
1
/4
5
/8
3
/4 1
1
/16
4
3
/4
3
/4
7
/8 1
1
/4
6
1
/2
7
/8 1 1
7
/16
8
1
/2 1 1
1
/8 1
11
/16
9
1
/2 1
1
/8 1
1
/4 1
13
/16
12 1
1
/4 1
3
/8 2
1
/32
13
1
/2 1
3
/8 1
1
/2 2
1
/4
17 1
1
/2 1
5
/8 2
3
/8
25 1
3
/4 2 2
7
/8
35 2 2
1
/4 3
1
/4
50 2
1
/2 2
3
/4 4
1
/8
Size of shackle identied by diameter of shank. All shackle pins must
be straight.
If the width between eyes (C) exceeds +1/16, the shackle has been
overstrained and must not be used.
Working load limit must be permanently shown on each shackle.
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
27
Pack the pin with washers
to centralize the shackle.
Good Practice
TABLE 7 (Contd.)
Never allow shackle to be
pulled at an angle the
legs will open up.
Poor Practice
Washers
Hook
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
28
8. METHODS OF HANGING RIGGING
The method of hanging rigging depends largely upon
the job to be done. It is important to check all phases
of the job and all the potential possibilities of job
deviations that may affect the rigging components.
Before hanging any rigging, it is imperative that the
overhead structures be checked to make certain they
will withstand the stresses of the load to be lifted. When
starting the job, the affected area should be roped off
and identifed as an overhead work area.
8.1 Beam clamps are the preferred method for hang-
ing rigging overhead. For beam clamps and their use in
hanging rigging, see Section 7.
8.2 Slings are sometimes used to hang rigging and
wire rope slings should be given preference for this
application.
8.2.1 When slings are used they must be protected
from sharp edges on the support member with the use
of softeners.
8.2.2 If multiple points or eyes are used to support the
rigging, they must frst be gathered in a shackle.
8.3 Lashing consists of a straight piece of wire rope
wrapped around the overhead beam or strength
member from which the rigging can be fastened. The
wire rope ends are secured by cable clamps. The cable
clamps used should be selected and used in accor-
dance with Table 3.
8.3.1 The number of wraps around the beam is deter-
mined by the load to be lifted and the diameter of the
wire rope. However, a minimum number of three wraps
are usually needed to prevent slipping.
8.3.2 To ensure maximum resistance to slippage
when the load is lifted at an angle, a shackle should
be placed through the middle wrap only; providing the
single wrap is of suffcient strength to support the load.
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
8.3.3 Rope wrapped around the beam or strength
member must be protected from sharp corners by the
use of softeners.
8.3.4 Severe angle lifts may require that additional
wraps of lashing be used.
8.4 Use of Eveners: In cases where the overhead
structure will not withstand point loading, or where two
overhead strength members must be spanned to place
the rigging directly over the object to be lifted, eveners
should be used.
8.4.1 When an evener is used to distribute the load on
the beam, it should be lashed to the strength member in
two or more places.
8.4.2 When an evener is used to span two or more
overhead strength members, the evener should be
lashed to all strength members.
8.4.3 The rigging should be hung from the evener
only, in the same manner as it would be hung from the
strength member.
9. CHAIN HOISTS
9.1 The spur gear chain hoist is the most effcient of
all chain hoists. Chain hoists should be marked with
capacity in tons. Use correct size hoists for the weight
to be lifted.
9.1.1 Be certain that the attachment and the
supporting structure will safely carry the load.
9.1.2 The term heavy-duty chain hoists refers
to the job it is capable of performing and not the
abuse it will stand.
9.2 Chain hoists must be equipped with an automatic
load brake to prevent the load from dropping.
29
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
30
9.3 Chain hoists must have an overload limiting device
or be used under strict administrative controls.
9.4 A chain hoist should never be used beyond its
rated capacity.
9.5 Do not leave a load hanging on a chain hoist
unattended.
9.6 Do not stand below or have any parts of the body,
i.e., hand or foot, below a load suspended on a chain
hoist.
9.7 Do not wrap the load chain around the load to be
lifted.
9.8 Do not load the point of the chain hoist lifting hook.
Make sure the load is bottomed in the hook. Safety
latch or mouse all hooks.
9.9 If more than one lifting cable is to be handled by
one chain hoist, use a shackle to join the lifting cables
before placing them in the chain hoist lifting hook.
9.10 Chain hoists are designed so that one person
can operate the hand chain to lift the full capacity load
for the chain hoist. If not, use larger chain hoist.
9.11 Avoid making angle lifts with a chain hoist
wherever possible. Never use a chain hoist for a
horizontal pull as design chain-sprocket engagement
is not obtained. Lever hoists or come-alongs should be
used for these conditions.
9.12 When drifting loads using two or more chain
hoists, use extreme care in operation of the hand chain
so that it is pulled in line with the sheave. The angle of
lift should not exceed 30 with the vertical. This is one
of the few permissible chain hoist angle lifts.
9.13 Inspection
9.13.1 All chain hoists should be inspected
visually before making any lift. Visual inspection
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
should include (1) check hooks for any irregulari-
ties,
(2) check chain for wear or damage, and (3) check
housing and sheaves for any signs of damage
from abusive treatment.
9.13.2 Check top and bottom hooks. If the hook
opening is greater than indicated in Table 6, it
should be replaced. Never try to straighten a bent
hook.
9.13.3 Check load chain at inter-link points for
signs of wear. Check pitch of chain against the
original pitch as recorded in inches of length
per twenty links of chain. If the pitch shows an
increase of 3% elongation due to either stretch or
wear or a combination of both, it must be replaced.
9.13.4 For hand chain hoists that have multiple
parts of load chain reeved through a load block,
always check to ensure that the block is not
capsized causing a dangerous twist in the load
chain.
9.13.5 Lubricate the load chain as often as use
warrants. Do not oil load brake surfaces.
10. LEVER-OPERATED HOISTS
10.1 Rig carefully, keep hoist chain straight.
10.2 Dont use cheaters on hoist handle.
10.3 Dont overload, stay within rated limit.
10.4 Load hook properly and inspect for open hooks.
10.5 Handle carefully, dont throw or drop hoists.
10.6 Dont use hoist chain as sling or choker.
10.7 Never let the hoist chain gouge the side of the
frame, keep aligned with the work.
31
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
10.8 Bending hoist chain under load could cause
serious damage or breakage.
10.9 Set your footing before using a hoist to avoid
slips, falls, and strains.
10.10 Inspect periodically for defects with a visual
inspection prior to each use.
10.11 Link chain lever hoists may be used safely to lift
or pull a load or to stretch cable or wire at any angle or
in any position.
10.12 A lever-operated hoist under strain should not
be left unattended for any lengthy period of time.
10.13 Always stand clear of load being lifted or away
from the path of a load being pulled.
10.14 If more than one cable or chain is to be handled
by one hook, use a shackle to join the cables or chains
and place the shackle in the hook.
10.15 Lever-operated hoists must have an overload
limiting device or overload warning device.
10.16 The use of roller chain hoists is not permitted.
10.17 The use of wire rope lever hoists incorporating a
simple ratchet and pawl is not permitted for lifting.
11. USE OF JACKS
11.1 Jacking metal against metal is not permitted
use wood softeners. Never jack against rollers.
11.2 When jacking, always follow with chocks as a
precaution against the jack kicking. Never leave a jack
under a load without having the load blocked up.
11.3 Care must be exercised to ensure that jacks
are properly positioned and the load raised uniformly to
reduce tendency of the load to shift unexpectedly.
32
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
11.4 When using jacks, always make sure that the
base is placed frmly and evenly on a good solid foot-
ing. Never place jack directly on the ground.
11.5 Jacks should be used in such a position that the
direction of force is perpendicular to the base and the
surface of the load to be moved.
11.6 Never exceed the capacity of the lift distance of
the jack.
11.7 Do not use extensions to the handles furnished
with the jacks.
11.8 If a load is to be raised in its entirety by several
jacks, it should be braced laterally by struts to prevent
all the jacks from upsetting in unison.
11.9 When using jacks in a horizontal position to
move an object, the jacks should be lashed or blocked.
11.10 When using more than one ratchet-type jack for
lifting, it is desirable to obtain matched jacks for uniform
lifting.
12. USE OF ROLLERS
12.1 Rollers should not be used metal-to-metal
provide softeners.
12.2 Avoid pinch hazards keep fngers and feet
clear of rollers.
12.3 Loads must be properly chocked when they are
to be left on rollers.
12.4 Use wood softeners under rollers when on
smooth hard surfaces.
12.5 Material or load to be moved must be frmly
bolted or lashed to the skid to prevent any shifting
33
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
on the skid while it is being moved. On loads moving
down a slope, restrainer lines should be used, securely
fastened to both the load and the skid or dolly.
12.6 Force to move the load along the rollers or dol-
lies should be applied to the skid and not the load itself.
12.7 Force to move the skid may be applied by a
winch, jack, come-along (tug-all), or manually with the
use of lever bars.
12.8 When using dollies, they should be selected
of suffcient capacity so that each dolly will take equal
weight of the total load.
12.9 The load will be moved on rollers in a direction
perpendicular to the center line of the rollers. To change
the direction of movement, the rollers should be moved
accordingly. Never drag a load over the rollers.
12.10 Force to move a skid on rollers should be
applied in the direction of movement as near as practi-
cal.
12.11 To change direction of movement of the skid,
the rollers may be moved by holding one end securely
with a lever bar and moving the other end in the desired
direction using jacks, lever bar, or a maul.
12.12 A minimum of three rollers must be under the
skid at all times, and be spaced so that one roller is
located forward of the load center of gravity and one
roller located after the load center of gravity. Long skids
will require additional rollers.
12.13 The forward end of the skid beams shall be
tapered on the bottom to more easily start on the roller.
12.14 The surface on which the load is to be moved
should be smooth and level as far as practical. When
moving skid on rollers over a dirt base, timber tracks
should be provided with staggered joints.
34
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
12.15 Before moving a load on skids, rollers, or dol-
lies, the load should be thoroughly checked for stability
with respect to the center of gravity of the load on its
supports.
13. PLATE AND GENERAL
PURPOSE GRIPS
When handling fat stock such as plate, utilize only
positive self-clamping and locking devices that must
be intentionally unlocked. Consider hardness and
surface of material to be lifted to assure proper gripping
and bite of gripper. Inspect before each use for wear
and proper capacity. Use proper grip for use such as
horizontal versus vertical lifts. Use tag line on load and
never expose any part of body under the load.
14. EYEBOLTS
Misuse of eyebolts causes injuries and damage to
equipment due to angular pulls on eyebolts. To avoid
angular pulls use spreaders or devices which provide
vertical or straight pulls. Before using eyebolts inspect
for burrs, grooves, or defects on the eyebolt and mating
part which could affect safety. Avoid painting or coating
of eyebolts used for lifting because they hide defects or
damage. Seat all eyebolts frmly and squarely against
mating parts. All eyebolts must have 90 percent of
threads engaged and must ft tightly into holes. Eyebolt
shank length must not be altered without Engineering
approval. Only swivel or shouldered eyebolts may be
used for rigging purposes; do not use unshouldered
eyebolts.
Note: Angular pulls on eyebolts should be avoided.
Not all manufacturers allow angle loading of their
equipment. If an angular pull is to be applied to an
eyebolt, the user must verify with the manufacturers
information that this type pull is allowed and abide by
the manufacturers recommended safe working load for
the angle at which the load is applied.
35
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
36
S
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Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
37
TABLE 8
SWIVEL EYEBOLTS
Swivel eyebolts are designed for angular loading,
and their ratings are usually good for any load angle.
Forces increase with load angle and the swivel eyebolt
must be sized to equal the load in the attached sling or
hardware. The drawing below shows a swivel eyebolt. A
chart for rated load and thread size for swivel eyebolts
is also shown below. Always use a proper torque
wrench and follow manufacturers recommended torque
values when installing swivel eyebolts.
Swivel Eyebolts
(Swivel Hoist Rings)
Rated Load Thread Size Torque
(lbs) (ft-lbs)
800
5
/16 - 18 7
1,000
3
/8 - 16 12
2,500
1
/2 - 13 28
4,000
5
/8 - 11 60
5,000
3
/4 - 10 100
Swivel eyebolts are available in metric thread classes.
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
A B C H Wx
Working Load
Nominal Shank Shank Eye Thread Size Limit, lb.
Size Dia. Length ID UNC-2A at 0
1
/4 0.25 0.25 1.00 0.69
1
/4 - 20 or 400
0.28 1.06 0.81 0.250 - 20
5
/16 0.31 0.31 1.12 0.81
5
/16 - 18 or 800
0.34 1.19 0.94 0.3125 - 18
3
/8 0.38 0.38 1.25 0.94
3
/8 - 16 or 1400
0.41 1.38 1.06 0.375 - 16
7
/16 0.44 0.44 1.38 1.00
7
/16 - 14 or 2000
0.47 1.50 1.12 0.4375 - 14
1
/2 0.50 0.50 1.50 1.12
1
/2 - 13 or 2600
0.53 1.62 1.25 0.500 - 13
9
/16 0.56 0.56 1.62 1.19
9
/16 - 12 or 3000
0.59 1.75 1.31 0.5625 - 12
5
/8 0.62 0.62 1.75 1.31
5
/8 - 11 or 4000
0.66 1.88 1.44 0.625 - 11
3
/4 0.75 0.75 2.00 1.44
3
/4 - 10 or 6000
0.78 2.12 1.56 0.750 - 10
7
/8 0.88 0.88 2.25 1.56
7
/8 - 9 or 6600
0.91 2.38 1.69 0.875 - 9
1 1.00 1.00 2.50 1.69 1 - 8 or 8000
1.06 2.62 1.81 1.000 - 8
1
1
/8 1.12 1.12 2.75 1.94 1
1
/8 - 7 or 10000
1.19 2.88 2.06 1.125 - 7
1
1
/4 1.25 1.25 3.00 2.12 1
1
/4 - 7 or 15000
1.34 3.12 2.25 1.250 - 7
1
1
/2 1.50 1.50 3.50 2.44 1
1
/2 - 6 or 18 000
1.59 3.62 2.56 1.500 - 6
1
3
/4 1.75 1.75 3.75 2.75 1
3
/4 - 5 or 22000
1.84 3.88 3.00 1.750 - 5
2 2.00 2.00 4.00 3.06 2 - 4
1
/2 or 26000
2.09 4.12 3.44 2.000 - 4.50
(All dimensions in inches)
38
TABLE 9
TYPE 2 SHOULDERED
FORGED STEEL EYEBOLTS
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
39
15. MOBILE CRANES
15.1 OPERATION AND USE OF CRANES
15.1.1 Safety Responsibility: It is the responsibility
of site management to ensure that this equipment
is in serviceable condition and competently oper-
ated so as to afford safe operation at all times.
Responsibility for safety in the USE of this equip-
ment, however, is shared with the craft working
same. It will be the working crafts responsibility to
ensure that:
1. Safe methods and procedures are observed in
their work at all times.
2. A qualied signalman is provided.
3. The work is at all times properly supervised.
15.2 RULES FOR SAFE CRANE USE
15.2.1 Always work crane on frm level ground or
cribbing.
15.2.2 Set all outriggers on truck cranes.
15.2.3 Outrigger pads should be used for all lifts
and must be used for all critical lifts.
15.2.4 Provide barricades and warning signs to
prevent exposure of passersbys to the hazards of
crane work.
15.2.5 Mobile crane equipment should be
equipped with anti-two-blocking devices. Mobile
cranes used to lift personnel must be equipped
with an anti-two-blocking device that renders the
cranes controls inoperable when the device is
activated.
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
40
15.2.6 Check all operating controls and safety
devices for proper operation and functionability.
15.2.7 Check hoist brakes before making a heavy
lift by picking load and checking it close to the
ground.
15.2.8 Before lifting, verify no one is in a position
to be struck or crushed by the motion of the load
as it is picked.
15.2.9 Know the weight of the load to be lifted.
Do not rely on onboard load indicating or limiting
devices to provide this critical data as they are a
backup tool only.
15.2.10 The capacity of the crane varies with the
boom radius. Check the boom charts in crane cab
for correct boom radius and measure if in doubt.
(Boom radius is measured from crane center pin to
center of load being lifted). Never exceed limits in
the load chart and lifting notes.
15.2.11 Keep the boom directly over the load
when making a lift. Do not side load or allow boom
to lean on or strike against other objects.
15.2.12 Check all loads for proper rigging and
hitching before they are raised. Always lift with a
balanced and stable load.
15.2.13 Keep hands out of pinch points when
holding hook or slings while slack is being taken
up.
15.2.14 Signals
a) Only authorized personnel are to act as crane
signalers
b) Make sure operator and signalers understand
the signals used
c) Only one person is to give signals to the opera-
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
41
tor at any time
15.2.15 Keep the load and all parts of the crane
15 feet (4.57m) from all electric lines.
15.2.16 Crane workers are to stay out from under
boom whenever possible. Never hoist or swing
loads over other workers.
15.2.17 Use suffcient tag lines of adequate size
and length on all loads. Make certain there are no
knots in the tag line that could get caught or tangle
during load movement.
15.2.18 Riding the hook or load is forbidden.
15.2.19 No maintenance or repair is to be permit-
ted while a load is suspended.
15.2.20 In cases where the operator is not satis-
fed the job is being performed safely, he is to stop
the crane and contact the supervisor immediately.
15.2.21 The operator is not to leave the controls
while a load is suspended.
15.3 Some crane lifts are referred to as critical and
involve exposure to additional hazards from the
surroundings. These will always require additional
and/or higher level of management reviews and
permits before proceeding.
15.3.1 A crane lift shall be considered a critical
lift when any one of the following conditions
exists:
The lift involves the use of a crane-suspended
work platform or handling personnel by any
means (such as a fall protection anchor point).
Working with any part of a crane or load closer
than 15 feet (5 meters) to an overhead electric
line or critical industrial operating process.
The load exceeds 75 percent of the manufactur-
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
TABLE 10
CRANE SIGNALS
42
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
43
TABLE 10 (Contd.)
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
44
ers recommended crane capacity, as shown on
the load charts for the confguration to be used.
The load must be lifted by more than one crane.
The lift requires deviation from the manufacturers
recommendations, including but not limited to:
- Using a boom confguration unlike that on the
boom makeup chart
- Moving a crane with a longer boom than recom-
mended
- Exceeding the capacities or restrictions shown
on the load chart
15.3.2 All critical lifts require a critical lift form be
completed (see PH84 for form) and may require a
close proximity permit.
16. RIGGING WITH FORKLIFTS
Forklifts are designed specifcally to avoid the need
for co-worker assistance in front, to steady, engage, or
attach loads. Any need for others to assist a forklift in
handling or attaching a load greatly increases hazards.
16.1 Free rigging is the direct attachment to or place-
ment of rigging equipment (slings, shackles, rings,
etc.) onto the tines of a forklift for a below-the-tines
lift. This type of lift does not use an approved lifting
attachment and is not recommended.
16.2 Attachments (jibs, poles, etc.) must be securely
attached to the tines or mast of the forklift.
16.3 Modifcations and the use of free rigging or attach-
ments will affect the capacity and safe operation of
the forklift. Written approval must be obtained from
the manufacturer authorizing use and providing
capacity.
16.4 Only stable or safely arranged loads should
be handled. Caution shall be exercised when
handling off-center loads.
16.5 Forklift rigging that involves the suspension of
loads from forks or attachments effectively turns
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
The lift requires deviation from the manufacturers
recommendations, including but not limited to:
- Using a boom configuration unlike that on the boom
makeup chart
- Moving a crane with a longer boom than recommended
- Exceeding the capacities or restrictions shown on the
load chart
15.3.2 All critical lifts require a critical lift form be completed
(see PH84 for form) and may require a close proximity permit.
16. RIGGING WITH FORKLIFTS
Forklifts are designed specifically to avoid the need for co- worker
assistance in front, to steady, engage, or attach loads. Any need for
others to assist a forklift in handling or attaching a load greatly
increases exposure to hazards. The use of forklift attachments
require specific skills that include, but not limited to, how to safely
connect and disconnect the attachment from the forklift, load capacity
changes, load handling characteristics and dynamics, limitations of
use and additional hazards the attachment creates. Prior to initial
use, training is required for the operator and any assistant on each
specific forklift/attachment combination.
16.1 Free rigging is the direct attachment to or placement of rigging
equipment (slings, shackles, rings, etc.) onto the tines of a
forklift for a below-the-tines lift and does not use an approved
lifting attachment. Free rigging shall not be used to support
loads from a forklift.
16.2 Modifications to a forklift by the use of attachments will affect
the capacity, stability and safe operation of the forklift. The use
of any attachment must be approved in writing by the forklift
manufacturer. The documentation shall include the capacity
and weight of the attachment as well as the resulting net
capacity of the forklift. Consult DuMES for assistance in
situations where the forklift manufacturers approval to use a
particular attachment can not be obtained.
16.3 Attachments (jibs, poles, etc.) must be securely attached to the
tines or mast of the forklift.
16.4 Only stable or safely arranged loads should be handled.
Caution shall be exercised when handling off-center loads.
16.5 Forklift rigging that involves the suspension of loads from
attachments effectively turns the forklift into a crane, with all the
additional requirements listed in Section 15 to be considered.
44
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
the forklift into a crane, with all the additional
requirements as listed in Section 15 to be
considered.
17. HANDY THINGS TO KNOW
TO FIND...
The circumference of a circle, multiply the diam-
eter by 3.1416 (approx. 3
1
/7).
The diameter of a circle, multiply the circumfer-
ence by .31831.
The area of a circle, multiply the square of the
diameter by .7854.
The area of a triangle, multiply the base by
1
/2 the
perpendicular height.
The volume of a sphere, multiply cube of the
diameter by .5236.
A gallon of water weighs 8
1
/2 lbs.
A gallon of water contains 231 cubic inches.
A cubic foot of water contains 7
1
/2 gals., 1728
cubic inches and weighs 62
1
/2 lbs.
In board measure, all boards are assumed to be
1-inch thick. Area of a lineal foot multiplied by
length in feet will give the surface contents in
square feet.
18. WEIGHTS OF MATERIAL
APPROX. WEIGHT
MATERIAL PER CUBIC FOOT LBS.
Brick (common) 120 (about 3 tons per 1000)
Concrete 150 (4050 lbs. per cu. yd.)
Crushed Rock 95 (2565 lbs. per cu. yd.)
Lumber 32 (10 lbs./2 x 4 x 8-0)
Mortar 100
Sand 120 (3240 lbs. per cu. yd.)
Steel 490 (40.8 lbs./Sq. Ft. 1 thick)
Tar/Roong 63
Water 62.5 (8.3 lbs./Gal.)
45
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
46
SQUARE KNOT
A safe means of fastening
together the ends of two
ropes of the same diameter.
BOWLINE
A loop which will not slip
or draw tight.
ROUND TURN & TWO
HALF HITCHES
For fastening a scaffold line
to a supporting beam.
RUNNING BOWLINE
19. SAFE HITCHES AND KNOTS
CLOVE HITCH
Step 1 Step 2
Remember, knots reduce the capacity of the rope by as
much as 50%.
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007
EN-3964
Rev. 6/07
Rigging Book Copyright 2007 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All rights reserved. Rev 06/2007