TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 9, S11 -2006

Trang 51
NGHIN CU CNG NGH SY KH NG KT HP VI QU TRNH
PHN CP HT SN PHM NG DNG CHO VT LIU SY
DNG BT NHO
Phan nh Tun(1),Hong Minh Nam(1), Hong Tin Cng(2)

(1)Trng i hc Bch khoa, HQG-HCM
(2) Vin Cng ngh Ho hc, Vin KH&CN Vit Nam
(Bi nhn ngy 26 thng 01 nm 2006, hon chnh sa cha ngy 18 thng 09 nm 2006)
TM TT: Hin nay, trong cng nghip ho cht, dc phm, ch bin nng sn, thc
phmchng ta thng gp bi ton sy vt liu dng bt nho. Khc vi vt liu dng ht
thng thng, vt liu bt nho thng dnh bt, kh sy. ng thi, khi vt liu dnh kt sau
khi sy yu cu phi c nghin nh, phn loi, lm cho chi ph thc hin qu trnh tng ln.
Vic kt hp cc nguyn l sy kh ng vi vic nghin phn loi trong mt thit b c th tho
mn c cc yu cu trn. Cc thc nghim i vi bt nho cacbonat canxi v tinh bt khoai
m ch ra s hp l trong thit k v kh nng ng dng ca thit b th nghim. Phng
php tnh ton c cp c th c s dng thit k cc thit b cng loi phc v cho
vic sn xut quy m cng nghip.
1.T VN
Qu trnh sy khng ch l qu trnh tch nc v hi nc ra khi vt liu mt cch n
thun m l mt qu trnh cng ngh nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm. N i hi sau khi
sy vt liu phi t cht lng cao, tiu tn nng lng t v chi ph vn hnh thp. Vn ny
cng quan trng v kh khn hn khi ta sy vt liu dng bt nho. Trong phm vi cng trnh
ny, chng ti kho st, nghin cu v ch to thit b sy kh ng kt hp vi phn loi, ng
dng cho vt liu bt nho trong cc ngnh sn xut nng sn, thc phm, ho cht,
2. C S L THUYT CA QU TRNH SY KH NG V PHN LOI BNG
LC LY TM.
2.1. H thng sy kh ng
H thng sy kh ng l mt trong cc loi thit b sy thch hp cho vic sy cc loi ht
nh dng bt nho (paste) c m ch yu l m b mt nh tinh bt khoai m, bt nh
(bt CaCO
3
) Do kch thc ht b v nh, cc ht vt liu b li cun theo dng tc nhn v
vy s trao i nhit m gia tc nhn v vt liu rt mnh lit (t 8-10 ln ln hn so vi sy
thng quay). Thi gian sy ngn, hu nh qu trnh sy xy ra tc thi. Kch thc ht cng b
qu trnh sy xy ra cng nhanh v cng su. Do ta cn la chn thit b sy ph hp vi cc
loi nguyn vt liu khc nhau c qu trnh sy t hiu qu cao nht c v cht lng sn
phm sy cng nh hiu qu kinh t.
2.2. Nguyn tc phn loi bng lc ly tm
Nguyn tc phn loi bng lc ly tm c trnh by trn hnh 1. Xt ht c kch thc d
nm ranh gii thit b phn loi. Khi ht s chu cc lc tc dng sau:
- R: Lc hng tm, do dng kh tc dng vo ht. R = 3d.v, trong
: nht ca dng kh, Pa.s.
d: kch thc ht, m.
w: vn tc dng kh, m/s.
Science & Technology Development, Vol 9, No.11- 2006
Trang 52
- F: Lc ly tm do thit b phn loi to nn. K hiu
r
v l khi lng ring ca ht v
kh tng ng, kg/m
3
, r l bn knh thit b, m, l vn tc gc, 1/s, ta c:
r . d ). .(
6
F
2 3
r

=
Tu thuc vo mi tng quan gia cc gi tr ca F v R m c th xy ra cc trng hp
sau:
Nu F > R: Ht s b y ra khi thit b phn loi.
Nu F < R: Ht s c ht vo thit b phn loi.
Khi cc thng s r,
r
, , v, d khng i, nu thay i , ta c th iu chnh vic ht hoc
y ht ra khi thit b phn loi. iu c s dng lm c s l thuyt cho vic phn loi
ht bng thit b phn loi ly tm.





O
r

R
d
F
Hnh 1. xem xt nguyn tc phn loi
2.3. S thit b sy
Trn c s cc phn tch l thuyt nu, mt thit b sy kh ng th nghim c ch
to da trn s d nguyn l c m t trn hnh 2. Theo s ny, khng kh nng v vt
liu t i vo thit b t ph y. Say khi sy kh, cc ht s c phn loi nh c cu phn
loi bng lc ly tm. Cc ht nhs i ra khi thit b t trn nh. Cc ht ln s quay tr li,
tip tc c nghin mn trc khi i vo b phn phn loi tip tc.


Hnh 2. S thit b sy kh ng
TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 9, S11 -2006
Trang 53
3.KT QU NGHIN CU
3.1.Nguyn liu v phng php phn tch
Nguyn liu c s dng nghin cu qu trnh sy l tinh bt khoai m (tinh bt sn)
v bt nh (cacbonat canxi).
m vt liu sy c o bng my o m.
Kch thc ht sn phm c phn tch bng sng.
Nhit sy c o bng nhit k bch phn thng thng.
3.2. Cc thng s cng ngh c kho st:
- Vn tc quay ca roto v vn tc gi c xc nh qua tn s roto nh trnh by trong
bng 1.
- Vn tc gi i vo thit b c iu chnh ti gi tr n nh u
v
= 6 m/s ng vi lu lng
4,9 m
3
/h
- Vn tc quay ca trc my nghin: 2720 vng/pht. Nhit tc nhn sy trc khi vo
bung sy c kho st trong gii hn t 100 n 130
0
C.
- m ca nguyn liu sy: Tinh bt khoai m: 30 n 40, Bt nh: 37 n 47%
Bng 1. Thng s k thut ca roto v vn tc gi tng ng.
Tn s roto (Hz)
20 30 40 45 50
Vn tc roto (v/ph)
800 1250 1720 2000 2100
Vn tc gi ra (m/s)
8,3 8,0 7,3 7,0 6,8
3.3. Nghin cu cng ngh sy tinh bt khoai m
3.3.1. nh hng ca cc yu t cng ngh:
Trn c s cc nghin cu thm d, cc th nghim c tin hnh theo quy hoch trc giao
cp 2. Kt qu th nghim c trnh by trong bng 2.
Da vo kt qu th nghim nu, phng trnh hi qui m t hm m sau khi sy ( y
)
1
,%)
ph thuc vo m ban u ca vt liu Z
1
(%, c bin m ho tng ng l x
1
), nhit Z
2

(
o
C, c bin m ho tng ng l x
2
) c dng:
y
)
= 5,020 + 1,502x
1
0,078x
1
x
2
0,215x
1
0,045 x
1

Sau khi kim tra tnh c ngha ca cc h s bng chun s Student vi mc ngha p =
0,05, bc t do f = 2, loi b cc h s khng c ngha v kim tra tnh tng hp ca phng
trnh hi quy bng chun s Fisher vi mc ngha p=0,05, bc t do f
1
=4, f
2
= 2, i v bin
s ban u, phng trnh hi quy c dng:
y
)
1
= - 43,6070 + 3,4300 Z
1
0,0001Z
1
Z
2
- 0,0086Z
1
2
0,0001Z
2
2

Bng 2. nh hng ca cc yu t cng ngh n m tinh bt khoai m

(pht)
TN
W
(%)
T
(
0
C)
Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3
w
s
(%)
1 40 130 5,58 5,57 6,75 11,41
Science & Technology Development, Vol 9, No.11- 2006
Trang 54
2 30 130 2,85 3,95 4,07 11,25
3 40 100 5,05 6,00 6,45 11,96
4 30 100 3,50 3,70 4,05 10,53
5 40 115 7,18 6,19 7,00 11,52
6 30 115 2,57 3,22 3,4 11,43
7 35 130 4,03 5,87 4,82 11,52
8 35 100 4,00 5,93 5,75 12,87
9 35 115 4,97 5,32 5,75 12,15
3.3.2. Nghin cu qu trnh phn loi :
Qu trnh phn loi c nghin cu trn thit b phn loi t ng bng a quay t ch
to. Vi nhng thi gian sy khc nhau nh trnh by trong bng 3 (mu 1, mu 2, mu 3, mu
4 tng ng vi sn phm sau khi sy tn s roto phn loi ln lt l 20, 30, 40, 45 Hz), kt
qu th nghim m t qu trnh phn loi c trnh by trong cc bng 3 v 4.
Bng 3. Thi gian sy tinh bt khoai m
Thi gian sy (pht)
Ln
Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu 3 Mu 4
1 4,97 5,55 6,80 7,92
2 5,32 6,85 6,63 6,62
3 5,75 5,68 6,37 8,13
Bng 4. Kt qu phn loi tinh bt khoai m
Khi lng vt liu gi li trn mi sng (g)
L sng (mm)
Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu 3 Mu 4
0,088 0,014 0,108 0 0
0,074 0,122 0,228 0 0
<0,074 26,117 16,334 28,256 28,812
3.4. Nghin cu cng ngh sy cacbonat canxi
3.4.1. nh hng ca cc yu t cng ngh:
Tng t tinh bt khoai m, cc th nghim nghin cu cng ngh sy i vi cacbonat
canxi cng c tin hnh theo quy hoch trc giao cp 2. Kt qu th nghim c trnh by
trong bng 5.
X l thng k tng t nh i vi trng hp sy tinh bt khoai m, d dng thu c
phng trnh hi qui m t hm m sau khi sy ( y
)
2
,%) ph thuc vo m ban u ca vt
liu Z
1
(%, c bin m ho tng ng l x
1
), nhit Z
2
(
o
C, c bin m ho tng ng l x
2
)
dng:
y
)
2
= 5,020 + 1,502x
1
0,078x
1
x
2
0,215 x
1
0,045 x
1

v phng trnh hi quy biu din theo bin s ban u dng:
y
)
2
= - 43,6070 + 3,4300 Z
1
0,0001Z
1
Z
2
- 0,0086Z
1
2
0,0001Z
2
2

TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 9, S11 -2006
Trang 55
3.4.2. Nghin cu qu trnh phn loi:
Tng t tinh bt khoai m, kt qu th nghim m t qu trnh phn loi cacbonat canxi
c trnh by trong cc bng 6 v 7.
Bng 5. nh hng ca cc yu t cng ngh n m cacbonat canxi
(pht)
TN
W
(%)
T
(
0
C)
Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3
w
s
(%)
1 47 130 8,00 8,00 7,00 7,76
2 37 130 3,70 3,92 4,08 3,90
3 47 100 12,60 15,35 14,9 14,28
4 37 100 5,5 5,72 5,64 5,64
5 47 115 11,83 11,18 12,22 11,76
6 37 115 5,05 5,20 6,53 5,59
7 42 130 7,00 5,00 6,00 6,00
8 42 100 8,62 7,52 7,75 7,96
9 42 115 7,7 7,42 8,47 7,86
Bng 6. Thi gian sy cacbonat canxi
Thi gian sy (pht)
Ln
Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu 3 Mu 4
1 6,77 7,70 11,47 12,43
2 6,58 7,43 12,22 13,11
3 6,95 8,47 12,70 12,86
Bng 7. Kt qu phn loi cacbonat canxi
Khi lng vt liu gi li trn mi sng (g)
L sng (mm)
Mu 1 Mu 2 Mu 3 Mu 4
0,248 7,149 8,361 6,077 9,825
0,208 1,043 0,346 0,063 0,693
0,147 2,707 1,548 2,951 2,860
<0,147 3,97 2,483 4,847 4,402
4. THO LUN KT QU V KT LUN
T cc kt qu nghin cu c trnh by trn, d dng thy rng:
- Cc phng trnh hi quy thc nghim m t nh lng nh hng ca m ban u
v nhit sy n m sn phm sy vi tng ch sy khc nhau. Cc phng trnh ny
c th p dng cho cc loi vt liu sy cp trn thit b nghin cu. i vi cc i
tng (vt liu, my sy) khc, nhng nghin cu tng t cn phi c tin hnh xc nh
phng trnh hi quy thc nghim v xc nh ch sy thch hp.
Science & Technology Development, Vol 9, No.11- 2006
Trang 56
Vn tc roto phn loi cng ln th thi gian sy cng di, tuy rng trong on u (t 20
n 40 Hz) tng vn tc roto phn loi khng nh hng nhiu n thi gian sy. Sau ,
thi gian sy tng vt khi tng vn tc ca roto. Trong thc t, ty yu cu kch thc ht sn
phm m c th chn vn tc ca roto cho ph hp. Vn tc roto cng ln th ht cng mn, tuy
nhin gim thi gian sy th ta nn chn vn tc trong gii hn cho php.
Sau khi sy, hu ht cc ht tinh bt khoai m (gn nh 100%) lt qua sng 0,074mm,
khng ph thuc vo vn tc roto phn loi. iu ny cho thy kch thc ht tinh bt khng b
thay i m thc t, cc ht tinh bt vn rt mn kt dnh vi nhau. Khi i qua my nghin,
cc ht c nh ti hon ton v tr v kch thc ban u. Do khi sy tinh bt khoai
m ta c th chn vn tc roto phn loi trong gii hn nh nht.
Vi CaCO
3
, khi vn tc roto phn loi tng trong phm vi tn s t 20 n 30 Hz v t 40
n 50Hz, thi gian sy tng khng ng k. Trong phm vi 30 n 40 Hz, vic tng vn tc
ca roto lm cho thi gian sy tng vt.
Kch thc ht t 0.24 n 0,26 mm chim t l cao nht trong phn b ht theo kch thc
sau khi sy mc d vn tc ca roto phn loi thay i. Thnh phn phn trm ca c ht ny
c xu hng gim dn theo th t ca vn tc roto nh sau: 30, 50, 20, 40Hz. Da vo kt qu
ny ta c th la chn vn tc roto phn loi ph hp vi kch thc ht vt liu cn thit.
My sy kh ng ny t ra rt thch hp vi cc dng vt liu bt nho. Tuy nhin i vi
cc loi vt liu khc, cc yu t v t trng, kch thc, m ban u, kh nng dnh t,
hnh dng ht, cn c tnh n trong qu trnh thit k.
My sy ny c th thc hin ng thi c ba chc nng (nghin, sy, phn loi). T
nguyn liu sy dng bt nho ban u, sau khi sy ta thu c sn phm dng bt mn c kch
thc ht gn nh ng nht, cht lng (kch thc ht, mu sc, mi v) m bo t tiu
chun. My hot ng kh n nh, t h hng trong qu trnh th nghim
Loi my sy ny c th c ng dng quy m va v nh. Vic ng dng cc kt qu
tnh ton, thit k v cc kt qu nghin cu ny quy m ln hn, nu c iu kin, cn c
tip tc nghin cu, hon thin c th a ra c mt quy trnh tnh ton v thit k chun,
p dng cho cc i tng vt liu khc nhau. Ngoi ra, vic t ng ho khu nhp liu v thu
hi sn phm cng cn c nghin cu ci tin tip tc.
STUDY ON THE AERODYNAMIC DRYING TECHNOLOGY WIT PARTICLE
CLASSIFICATION FOR PASTE MATERIALS
Phan inh Tuan
(1)
, Hoang Minh Nam
(1)
, Hoang Tien Cuong
(2)
(1)University of Technology, VNU-HCM
(2) Institute of Chemistry Techs, Institute of Technology & Science Viet Nam
ABSTRACT: Nowadays, we often meet the problem of paste materials drying in the
industries of chemistry, pharmacy, agricultural product processing, Differentiating normal
particles, paste materials are often agglutinate and difficult to be dried. Besides, agglutinated
material mass after drying, in many cases, need further crushing and classification, which
makes the process high cost. The integration of aerodynamic principles with the crushing and
classification in one single equipment could partly satisfy the requirements. Experiments with
paste calcium carbonate and cassava starch have proved the reasonability of the design and
applicability of the prototype equipment. It is hoped that the calculation method could be
applied to the design of equipment in bigger scale.
TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 9, S11 -2006
Trang 57
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Nguyn Cnh, Nguyn nh Soa, Ti u ha thc nghim trong ha hc & k thut
ha hc, Trng i hc K thut Thnh ph H Ch Minh, (1994).
[2]. Hosokawa Micron Corporation, Hosokawa product handbook, Osaka, Japan, July,
(1993).
[3]. Hong Vn Chc, K thut sy, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut, H Ni, (1997).
[4]. V B Minh, Hong Minh Nam, Qu trnh v Thit b trong cng ngh ha hc, tp 2,
C hc vt liu ri, Trng i hc Bch khoa Thnh ph H Ch Minh, (1993).
[5]. Trn Vn Ph, Tnh ton v thit k h thng sy, Nh xut bn Gio dc, H Ni,
(2001).