1. (a) Your car has stalled and you need to push it.

You notice as the car

gets going that you need less and less force to keep it going. Suppose that
for the first 15 m your force decreased at a constant rate from 210N to 40
N. o! much the !ork did you do on the car" #ra! a force$displacement
graph to represent the !ork done during this period.
$ The work done is the area of the trapezoid under the solid line (1 M)
$
F,N
210
40
15 d(m) (5 M)
! " d(F
1
# F
2
)
! " (15)(210 # 40) ! 1$% & 10
'
( (4 M)
(Total !10 marks)
(%) & le'er is an e(ample of a machine that makes !ork easier. )he
earliest remaining !ritings regarding le'ers date from the *rd century +, and
!ere pro'ided %y &rchimedes. )here is a lot of impact of impro'ing simple
and compound machines on society and the en'ironment.
i. #escri%e the meaning of compound machines and e(plain the
ad'antages of compound machines
)ompound ma)hines * )om+ination of two or more simple
ma)hines and e, ( 2 M)
the ad-anta,es of )ompound ma)hines
$)an do more )ompli)ated .o+s than simple ma)hines
*the/ ha-e a lar,er me)hani)al ad-anta,e than simple ma)hines,
so it takes less for)e to use them
( 2 M)
( Total !4 marks)
ii. & %oy e(erts a force of 225 N on a le'er to raise a 1.25 ( 10
*
N rock a
distance of 1* cm. -f the efficiency of the le'er is .../ 01 ho! far did
the %oy mo'e his end of the le'er"
0ffi)ien)/ !
o
1
i
2 100 3 ( 1M)
F
r
d
r
1F
e
d
e
2 100 3 ( 1M)
d
e
! F
r
d
r
(100)1 F
e
(effi)ien)/) ( 1M)
! (1$25 2 10') (0$1') (100)1(225) (44$53) ( 2M)
! 0$41m ( 1M)
(Total !6 marks)
2. (a) You are gi'en three mirrors of e2ual si3e. o! !ill you identify them as
con'e(1 conca'e and plane mirror. 4se illustration to e(plain your
ans!er
7rin, ea)h mirror one +/ one )lose to an o+.e)t and o+ser-e the
ima,e formed in it$ 8f the ima,e is 9
1) of the same size as that of the o+.e)t and ere)t, the mirror is a
plane mirror$
2) lar,e and ere)t, it is a )on)a-e mirror$
') hi,hl/ diminished and ere)t, it is a )on-e2 mirror$
(6 marks)
(%) &n o%5ect is placed 50 cm from a lens !hich produces a 'irtual image
at a distance of 10 cm in front of the lens. #ra! a diagram to sho! the
formation of image and calculate the focal length of the lens
:istan)e +etween the o+.e)t and the lens ! *50)m
:istan)e +etween the ima,e and the lens ! *10)m
Fo)al len,th ! ;
The fo)al len,th of the lens is *12$5 )m and the ne,ati-e si,n
indi)ates that the lens is )on)a-e$
(4 marks)
(c) #aniel took three con'e( lenses !ith focal lengths 5cm1 10 cm and *0
cm respecti'ely a %o(.
-f he !ants to %uild telescope from these lenses1 !hich lenses should
he use. 4se a ray diagram to e(plain ho! he could use the lenses to
look at the far o%5ects.
(Total ! 10 marks)
*. (a) 6(plain the construction and !orking of an &, generator !ith
the help of a neat diagram.
<rin)iple
7hen a straight conductor is mo'ed rapidly in a magnetic field1 then a
current is induced in the conductor. -t is %ased on the phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction.
(2marks)
=onstru)tion
(2 marks)
orkin,
* >s the armature rotates a+out an a2is perpendi)ular to the
ma,neti) field, it keeps on )han,in, its relati-e orientation with
respe)t to the field$1 :ia,ram ( 1M)
*Thus the flu2 keeps on )han,in, )ontinuousl/ with time This
)han,e in ma,neti) flu2 indu)es an emf$ 1 :ia,ram ( 1M)
* 8f the outer terminals of the armature are )onne)ted to an
e2ternal )ir)uit, an ele)tri) )urrent flows throu,h it$
*The defle)tion of the ,al-anometer needle indi)ates that an
emf is indu)ed$
*The dire)tion of the indu)ed emf is re-ersed after e-er/ half
rotation of the )oil$ (1 M)
*Thus in one rotation of the )oil, the )urrent )han,es its
dire)tion twi)e in the )oil$ To understand how the dire)tion of
)urrent )han,es ,o throu,h the dia,ram ,i-en +elow$

(2M)
*?u)h a )urrent whi)h )han,es its dire)tion after e@ual inter-als
of time is )alled alternatin, )urrent (>=)$ This de-i)e is )alled
an >= ,enerator$
(1M)
(TAT>B ! 10 M>CD?)
(%) & transformer is used on the 2408 ac supply to deli'er *.0
current at 90 8 to a heating coil. -f 10 0 of the energy taken
from the supply is dissipated in the transformer itself1 !hat is the
current in the primary !inding" State t!o !ays to decrease the
energy dissipated in the transformer.
8s 2 Es 1 8pEp 2 100 3 ! %0 3
8p ! 8s 2 Es1 Ep 2 1001%0 ( 2M)
! ' 2 60 1 240 2 1001%0 ( 1M)
! 0$4' > ( 1M)
Two wa/s to de)rease the ener,/ dissipated in the
transformer
Fse laminated )ores to redu)e edd/ )urrents (1M)
Fse thi)k )opper wires to make the )oils ( 1M)
$
(Total ! 6 marks)
(c) 6lectric po!er is transmitted from a po!er station to a to!n 'ia
transmission ca%les !ith a total resistance of 50 ohm. -f the
po!er station generates . :7 of po!er1 calculate the po!er
loss in the ca%les if po!er transmitted at .0 k8.
8 ! <1E
! 4 2 10
6
1 40 2 10
'
! 100 > ( 2 M)
<ower loss < ! 8
2
C
! 100 2 100 2 50
! 50 k ( 2 M)
(4 marks)
.