Li ni u:

TCVN 5454: 1999 hon ton tng ng vi ISO 607: 1980

TCVN 5454: 1999 thay th cho TCVN 5454- 91
TCVN 5454:1999 do Ban k thut tiu chun TCVN / TC 91 Cht hot ng b mt bin son
trn c s d tho ngh ca Vin Ho hc cng nghip, B cng nghip, Tng cc Tiu chun o
lng- Cht lng ngh, B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng ban hnh.

TIU CHUN VIT NAM TCVN 5454-1999
Sot xt ln 2
Cht hot ng b mt v cht ty ra -
Cc phng php phn chia mu

Surface active agent and detergents Methods of sample divion.
1. Phm vi v lnh vc p dng
Tiu chun ny quy mh cc phng php phn chia mu
thu c mt mu rt gn ca cht hot ng b mt hoc cht ty ra s dng cho cc
n cht hoc hn hp di dng bt; kem hoc lng.
Qa trnh rt gn mu tin hnh vi nhng l do sau y:
a) Chun b mu cui hoc mu phng th nghim c khi lng ln hn 250 g t mt mu chung
pha trn c khi lng ln hn 500 g.
b) Chun b mt vi mu phng th nghim tng ng hoc cc mu i chng hoc cc mu
lu; mi mu c khi lng ln hn 250 g t mt mu cui;
c) Chun b mu th nghim t mu phng th nghim.
2. Tiu chun trch dn
ISO 6206 Cc sn phm ho cht dng trong cng nghip- Ly mu- Thut ng.
3. nh ngha
3.1. Mu chung : L tp hp cc mu nhng khng cn gi nhng tnh cht ring ca nhng mu
.
3.2. Mu chung pha trn : L tp hp cc mu c trn vi nhau thu c mt mu chung
ng nht.
3.3. Mu rt gn: Mu thu c bng cch rt s lng ca mt mu khc m khng thay i
thnh phn ca n
Ch thch- Cng c th cn thit gim kch thc ca ht trong qu trnh rt s lng
3.4 Mu cui: Mu thu c theo phng n ly mu bng cch phn chia nh ti mc c th
thnh nhng phn ng nht th nghim, i chng hoc lu.
3.5 Mu phng th nghim: Mu c chun b cho phng th nghim kim tra hoc th
nghim.
3.6 Mu i chng: Mu c chun b ng thi v tng ng vi mu phng th nghim c
chp nhn bi cc bn lim quan v c gi li lm mu phng th nghim nu ny sinh s bt
ng.
3.7 Mu lu: Mu c chun b ng thi v tng ng vi mu phng th nghim , c th
dng sau ny lm mu phng th nghim.
3.8 Mu th: Mu c chun b t mu phng th nghim t ly c nhng phn th
nghim.
4. Nguyn tc
Rt gn mu chung bng mt qu trnh c hc cho ti khi thu c mu rt gn
5. Trnh t
5.1 Cc sn phm dng bt
Trnh t ny c p dng cho cc loi bt bao gm bt sy phun v c cc loi cha ph gia
c a vo sau khi sy
Ch thch:
1) Trong trng hp cc dng bt cha cc cht ph gia c a vo sau khi sy, hn hp ny
c xu hng tch ra.
2) Vi bt git, kin ngh vic chun b mu nn tin hnh trong t ht; nu cn eo mt n.
5.1.1 Thit b
C th s dng bt k thit b no tho mn c yu cu, nhng nn s dng cc loi sau y:
5.1.1.1 Thit b phn chia kiu hnh nn( xem hnh 1 v 2)
Thit b c ch to sao cho hai phn ca mu thu c sau mi ln phn chia c s lng
tng ng v c cht lng i din cho mu ban u.
Thit b phn chia kiu hnh nn ( hnh 1 ) cu to ch yu bi mt phu A, t mu c phn
chia chy trn mt mt hnh nn B m nh ca n nm trc tip bn di tm ca khe m di ca
phu. Mu chy xung hnh nn c dn vo hng lot cc ngn cha xp quanh chu vi ca mt
phu o ngc C ti y ca hnh nn B. Cc ngn cha xen k c ni vi mt trong hai ca thot
y phu o ngc C nhm to ra hai mu rt gn tng ng.
5.1.1.2 Thit b phn chia kiu quay( xem hnh 3)
Thit b bao gm mt phu, t mu ri theo mt dng mng xung mt b quay mang 6 hoc
nhiu hn ngn cha xp i xng vi trc quay thng ng sao cho c th thu c tt c mu ri
xung. Tn s quay ln hn 40 vng/ pht.
Ch thch- Cn ch rng tn s quay khng c qu cao nu phn chia nhng mu ht mn
5.1.2 Chun b mu rt gn bng cch s dng thit b phn chia kiu hnh nn( 5.1.1.1)
5.1.2.1 Chun b mu cui
t ngn cha di mi vi ra ca thit b phn chia hnh nn. mu chung dng bt vo y
phu v m van ht c sao cho khi lng mu phu chy vo hnh nn, t phn chia mu
lng ln thnh hai phn, mi phn cha trong mt ngn cha.
G li mt trong hai phn v b phn kia. a tip tc lng mu chung mi vo thit b phn
chia hnh nn v lp li thao tc trn cho ti khi mu chung c phn chia ht.
Lm sch thit b v a nhng phn gi li tng ng vi mt na mu chung vo thit b nh
m t trn v lp li thao tc cho ti khi thu c mu rt gn c khi lng yu cu.
5.1.2.2 Chun b mt lng mu tng ng
Nu yu cu nhiu hn mt mu th chun b mu rt gn y thu c 2 n mu tng
ng, trong 2 n bng hoc ln hn s lng mu yu cu
Tip tc chia mu rt gn thnh 2 n phn bng nhau bng thit b phan chia hnh nn . ngay
ton b phn mu chia vo l hoc bnh v y kn
5.1.2.3 Chun b cc mu th
Nu cc mu th c yu cu ly t cc mu phng th nghim th x l nhng mu theo
nhng quy nh trong iu 5.1.2.1 v 5.1.2.2.
Khi lng ti thiu ca cc mu th khng c nh hn 10 g. Nu khng nhng mu th ny
s khng i din cho mu chung v do s khng ph hp vi nhng mc ch th nghim.
5.1.3 Chun b mu rt gn bng cch s dng thit b phn chia mu kiu quay ( 5.1.1.2)
5.1.3.1 Chun b mu cui
t ton b cc bnh cha ln trn b quay, mt hay nhiu hn cc bnh cha sch, rng v
nh k hiu no d phn bit. Rt y phu. Cho b quay chuyn ng v cho mu chung ri
xung cc bnh cha vi tc u t nht l 2 pht. G li phn tp hp c t bnh cha c k
hiu v b i phn cn li.
Nu khi lng ca mu ln hn nhiu kh nng ca bnh cha th tin hnh phn chia tip. Sau
mi ln phn chia th tp hp cc mu ly t cc bnh cha c cng k hiu ng trong mt vt cha
ln hn v tip tc s dng cc ngn cha mang cng k hiu tip tc phn chia cho ti khi ton
b mu c phn chia ht.
Chuyn mu thu c t cc bnh cha mang cng k hiu vo phu v lp li thao tc trn cho
ti khi thu c mt mu theo yu cu.
5.1.3.2 Chun b mt s mu tng ng
Nu yu cu nhiu hn mt mu th chun b mu rt gn y thu c n mu tng
ng, trong n bng hoc ln hn s lng mu yu cu.
Chn mt con s thch hp n ca cc ngn cha mang k hiu v a ton b mu rt gn vo
thit b phn chia kiu quay. ngay ton b tng phn mu chia vo trong l hoc bnh ri y
kn.
5.1.3.3 Chun b cc mu th
Nu cc mu th c yu cu ly t nhng phng th nghim th x l mu theo iu 5.1.3.1
v 5.1.3.2
Khi lng ti thiu ca cc mu th khng c nh hn 10 g. Nu khng nhng mu th ny
s khng i din cho mu chung v do s khng ph hp vi nhng mc ch th nghim.
Nu khi lng yu cu khng phi l mt phn nh thch ng ca mu chung, c th cn thit
phi tng hp cc phn t nhng giai on phn chia tip theo.
V d: rt gn mt mu 280 g ti cn 10 g, s dng 6 ngn cha , bc phn chia u tin vi
hai ngn cha mang k hiu cung cp 2 x 47 g. Mt trong cc phn c th c chia ra v 2 trong s
cc phn sinh ra c th cng vi 47 g. G li v cho ta: 47 g + ( 2/6 x 47 )~ 63 g. a khi lng
qua thit b ln th ba s cho ta nhng mu rt gn xp x 10 g.
5.2. Cc sn phm dng kem
5.2.1 Thit b v dng c
5.2.1.1 Mi hoc tha l y mu
5.2.1.2 Thit b trn
Thit b trn cn phi mnh sao cho khi ta dng vi mt thanh trn thch hp, ton b mu
chung c trn u trong vng 5 pht.
5.2.2 Chun b mu rt gn
Lm nng sn phm( mu chung hoc mu phng th nghim) trong vt cha ban u ca n t
35
0
C n 40
0
C v trn ngay bng thit b trn ( 5.2.1.2) t 2 n 3 pht cho ti khi thu c mt
khi lng ng nht.
Mu dng kem khng c ly ra t vt cha ban u trc khi trn v c th to ra mt mu
khng i din.
Thi gian lm nng v trn cng nhanh cng tt sao cho gim ti mc ti thiu bt k mt bin
i no ca sn phm. S dng mi hoc tha( 5.2.1.1 ) chuyn ngay lng mu yu cu v a n
vo mt vt cha ph hp c cn b trc v y np kn.
mu ngui n nhit mi trng xung quanh v cn li nh c khi lng mu rt
gn.
Ch thch- Tip xc ca mu dng kem vi vt cha thu tinh d gy nn s phn ly ca dung
dch kim, do mt khi mu c a vo trong vt cha ri th khng c ly ra hiu chnh
khi lng.
C tn tht nh hi m trong qu trnh pha trn v cn o nhng trn thc t iu chp nhn
c
5.3 Nhng sn phm dng lng
5.3.1 Thit b v dng c
- bnh thu tinh hoc pipet khi lng ly mu;
- que khy bng tay( que thu tinh);
- my khy v que khy.
5.3.2 Chun b mu rt gn
5.3.2.1 Nu sn phm( mu chung hoc mu phng th nghim) trong v ng nht th khuy n
bng mt que khuy tay, ri s dng bnh thu tinh hoc pipet ly ngay lng mu rt gn. Trong
qu trnh khuy cng t bt sinh ra cng tt v phi gi cho lng tht thot ca mu do bay hi
mc ti thiu.
5.3.2.2 Nu sn phm( mu chung hoc mu phng th nghim) c dng c hoc cha mt t
cn, dng my khuy, sau ly ngay lng mu theo yu cu.
5.3.2.3 Nu sn phm ( mu chung hoc mu phng th nghim ) cha cht lng rn, cng, th
lm nng mu mt cch thn trng trong bnh cha ban u ti khong 30
0
C cho ti khi cn c b
khy tanhon ton hoc cho ti khi bt k tinh th no u c ho tan v ly ngay lng mu theo
yu cu.
6. Bo qun mu rt gn
Vic phn tch hoc th nghim c tin hnh cng sm cng tt ngay sau khi ly mu. Nu
iu khng th thc hin c v tu theo mc ch d kin i vi mu rt gn, ta ngay n
vo trong l hoc bnh thu tinh hoc cht do ri xc nh v ghi li khi lng ca n( khng c
dng bnh cha bng kim loi). Cn ch rng mu rt gn phi c bo qun k trong iu kin
ban u ca n cho ti khi phn tch hoc th nghim
7. Bo co
Bo co gm ni dung sau:
a) phng php s dng
b) s lng, chng loi mu c chun b v khi lng mu thi gian ly mu;
c) loi thit b s dng;
d) bt c iu khc thng ni bt no cn ch trong trnh t chia mu;
e) bt k thao tc no khng quy nh trong tiu chun ny coi nh khng ph hp