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A series is devoted to publications of investigations on archaeology and ancient history of Ukraine. Questions of social
and economic development and cultural relations of the population of Ukraine in the Stone and Copper-Bronze Age,
pages of Cimmerian and Scythian history, material and spiritual culture of antique Greeks in Northern Black Sea Coast,
ethnogenesis and early history of Slavs, development of the Ancient Russian cities and villages are under observing.
New archeological records, survey on history of archaeology and archival sources are being published.
This series is intended for archeologists, historians, regional specialists, teachers of history, students of historical
departments and for all who is interested in ancient history of Ukraine.
:
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The research collection of archaeologists from Ukraine and the Russian Federation is covering study to resolve the actual
problems of archaeology and history of the Old-Hungarian tribes, during their stay in the South Ural, on the Volga, and in the
Eastern Europe. At the centre of attention is a group of Subotsy type sites, discovered in the Middle Dnieper Area, dated back
to the second and the last quarters of the ninth and at the turn of the ninth and the tenth centuries, the time was for Magyars
to adopt the new land and to make it their new home.
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Fettich N. Die Metallkunst der Landneahmen den
Ungarn / Fettich N. // Archaeologia Hungarica.
Budapest, 1937. Bd. XXXI.
Komar 2009
Komar O. Ancient Hungarians of Etelkoz (archaeological evidence) / Komar O. // Medieval
Nomads: Third International Conference on the
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ski M. // Acta Arheologica. Academiae Scienniarum Hungaricae, 1978. S. 214-230.

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Gesta Hungarorum.
A . P. Motsi a
Hungarians Travels Over
the Carpathians: Written Sources
and the Archaeological Realities
Medieval written sources (Hungarian Gesta
Hungarorum, Old-Russian Povest vremiannykh
let, the book by the byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus De Administrando
Imperio) represent two variants of Magyars migration towards the new fatherland, i.e. the Carpathian kettle. After the data given by the Hungarian Anonymous, the northern course comes
through Suzdal and Kiev, and then westwards
(Vladimir-Volynsky), then southwards (Galich),
and then, over the Carpathian Mountains, in Pannonia. The Southern one, after Constantine Porphyrogenitus, comes through the South-Russian
steppes and southwards Carpathians into the
Transcarpathian region, where the state of the
settled nomads is created in the tenth century.

19

.. . :
Key word s: Atelkuzu (Etelkuzu), Constantine
VII Porphyrogenitus, Hungarian Anonymous,
Carpathians, Kiev, Levedia, Magyars, Povest
vremiannykh let, Suzdal, Hungarians, Ukraine,
Gesta Hungarorum.

After all the data, as written ones, so the archaeological, the second of the mentioned routes
seems to be more logical, well grounded and thus
more comprehensive, taking into consideration
the specifics of the nomads collective conveyance
through the open space areas.

, , -
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,
,
e-mail: katerina83@ukr.net, .: +38 044 426-65-89
04210, , . -210, . , 12,

20

 903/904 (477):(=511.141:512.19)"05/09"

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29

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.

, , ,
,
, , 824-835 .
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, (, )
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.
. ( 1998) ,

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889 .,


, 890 .
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( 1998, .671).
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- . ,

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.
, , . 837 .

, . ,
.. 20-30- . IX . ( 2002,
. 346-347)

, ..
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),
( 1995; 1995).

,
, 838-839 .
,


(
1990, . 206-210). .. ,
( ),

,

( 2002, . 306-307, 346-347).

, -

IX . ,
, , , ,
( )
,
, .

30

.. . :

, .
,

. , 841 . ,
.
,
, ( 1998,
. 672, 678), .
,
20 ,
, ,

. 20

.
- .
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,
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60- . VII . (
1984, . 127, 128). , 664 .
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( 1984, . 102, 103). 761 .
- (
- 1981, . 63).
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.
,
.

,
30- . IX . (Kristo 1996, p. 132).
,
, .. , .. ( 1987; 1993)
.
-
, ,


,
.

, . .


.

: 830-836 . ;
834-837 . ; . 837 .
; 837-838 . ; 838-839 . .

.

-
,
-

.
, ,
837-838 .
, ,
, .. ,
, ,

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31

.. . :

880 .) , , ( 1863, . 12;

. 1865, . 327-328).
, ,
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[] . ,
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861 . :
,

6 ( 1863, . 12).

,
20 ( 1863, . 21).

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( 1991,
. 160-161), ,
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860 . 200 ( 380)
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( 2003, . 95, 106; 2003,
.290, 291).
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, (.., ..,
., . .) 889-895 ., , ( .: Kristo 1996, p. 159-166).
, .
, 889-895 . , , 30- .
IX . .
XIV . ,
,
(Kristo 1996, p. 166). , , 907 . (, , , ),
, , 840-860 . . ,
.
6
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5

32

.. . :

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. 30 861 .
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1863, . 12;
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862 . (qui Ungri vocantur)
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1863, . 12). , , .
. :
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( 1998, . 675, 677).


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(
2002, . 52). ,
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(
,
). ,

33

.. . :

(Annales Bertiniani 1883,
p. 60).
881 .
: .
(cum Cowaris ad Culmite)
(Bresslau 1934, p. 742).
,

861-881 .
. ,
. ,

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873 .7 ( 1998, .676,
677; 2005, . 347). , 2- . IX ., -
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8, -,
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)
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( 1999, . 222).
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IX. ( 1998, . 678; 1999,
.220-221), .



875. ( 1893, . 6; Perels, Laehr 1928,
s. 435-438). ,
(.. 867 .). (Cersonem), quae
Chazarorum terrae vicina est
(

quae nimirum terrae vicina Cazarorum et
contigua est ), .
, sit Romani locus imperii
et a diversis barbarorum quam maxime
nationibus frequentetur

.
, , ,
, ,

7
, , , , -,
, -, . ,
873 . , , ,
.
8
- . .:

, - ( 1991, . 36-43).

34

.. . :

, .

(Sougda) (Bozoyan 2006, p. 104-105).
, . , .


,
861 .
, , , ,
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.

, , ,
, , (Perels, Laehr 1928,
s. 436-437).
(crescente circunquaque multitudine
paganorum),
: ob multitudinem incursantium
barbarorum ( . 1865, .329).
861 . .

, ,
,
,
( 1863,
. 21-22), (
).

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,

.
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, ()
(
),
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p. 159-161).
:
(Prolis) ()
.
(Shrson), ,

35

.. . :

,
, . ,
,
.
qabar , qapa ,
( 1969, . 399,
420), . ,
, ( 1996,
. 225-226), . . qaba ,
qabar , , ,
, , ( 1997, . 158, 165, 166). ,
,
, , , , , .

. , ,

, (
1991, . 162).
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, ,
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)9. ,

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2- . IX .

. ,
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, KGN
(Golb, Pritsak 1982, p. 107113).
,
867 .,
.

, 861 .
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( )
.
.,

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, -

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36

.. . :

,
,
. ,

, . , ,
, , ,
(Pecinaci) (Reginonis abbatis Prumiensis
chronicon 1890, p. 131-132).
,
892 . , 894 . ,
(Kristo 1996, p.87-88,
175-182).
.
,
,
( 1991, . 154159).
, ,

,
( 1990, . 156-157),
.
. ,
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( 1967, . 70-76).
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( - 1930, . 31), ,
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status quo.
.
884 .
, 885 . .

:
...
( 2001, . 1, . 24;
2001, . 2, . 17). 886/887 . . ,
900/901 . -
.
( 1990, . 193). .
IX .
- , , , ,
(Minorsky 1937, p. 143).

,
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.
, 889.

,
- .
,
, : (gens
Hungarium), , , , ,
.

( 1983).
VIII . IX .,
III . , (Burnad 1985).

37

.. . :

. 895 ., VI,
,
.
, ,
( 1991, . 162-165), .
896 . (Kristo
1996, p. 184-196).
,
836-895 .,
(830-831 .). 60-65
, , ,

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1967, . 76). ,
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:
1) 2- . IX . (836895.);
2) 1- . IX . ,
;
3) .
IX . - ;
4) 2- . IX . ;
5) (1- . .) .

38

.. . :

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(- ) () . . ,
.

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Magna Hungaria ,
, .

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XIXII ., .. . (
.),
.
( 108, .. ) (Hampel 1907,
s. 237-274). ,
.
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1896 . .


(Lango 2005, p. 191, 202-205).
:
. 1896 . 56 (Hampel 1896),
1905 .
80 (Hampel 1905), 1907 .
100 (Hampel 1907).

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1897 . (Lango 2005, p. 207-208).

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. (Posta 1905),


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39

.. . :

. 1. .

1929 (Fettich 1929) 1935 .,
(Fettich 1937),
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.
.
(Pasternak 1937).

.
. .
,

(Fettich 1929, s. 7375); ,

. -,
;


( 1914, . 107-110).
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, . IX . , .


, .. ,

( 1927, . 73-74).

. . 1926 .
, . . -

40

.. . :

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1935), .. .. ,

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2002, . 88-91). ,
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2002, . 342-343).
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41

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( 1961), -

.
(Erdely 1961).

. 1972 . ,
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1972), . .. .

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, ,
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(Kovacs 2005, p. 354; Lango 2005, p. 240).

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1988)?!
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42

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. (Gening 1978). , .. ,
, .. ( 1978).
1977 . .. .. ,
-
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.. .. ,

(halikova,
Chalikov 1981).


. (Fodor 1982),
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. VIII ., .
30- .
. . .
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( 1971;
1971)).
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1976), . .
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(Halikova 1976).
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43

.. . :

( 1976; 1977). .. (, 2000, .156, 171).

- ..
1980-1981 .
,
, .65,
900 . . .., ,
,
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Magna Hungaria . ,
1236. ( 1984). ..
-
(Chalikov 1986).
1986 . ..

,
(
1986). 1988 .
. ( ),
. .. ,
(, 1988).

,
IX .,
(Bokij,
Pletnyova 1989).
2-
. I . . . .
(Balint 1989).

., ,
,
.


, .. .
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. . ( 1984).
1987 .
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. .

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,
),

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, ,
.
, .. - (
1982),

( 1985, . 23).
1983 . ..
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- , 116
( 1981, . 128),
..

44

.. . :

- ,
. ,
. , ..
,

,
,
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( 1992,
. 76-83).
.. (
),


VIIIX .,
(
1990).
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-

VIII . ( 1990).
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1994 . (, 1994)
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1999).
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IX .,


(Balint 1989, s. 136-142).
..
( ) 80- . 90- .
.
.. (,
1987; 1988; 1993), ..
( 1987; 1988; 1993).

.. ,

.
..
()

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45

.. . :

..
, IX .,

(

(,
2003, . 308; , , 2006, . 402)).
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2001).
, , , , 116 , ,
.1 III ,
Magna Hungaria .
.. ,
. , , , 60- . IX .
.
()
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1999 . .. ,

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)
( 1999, . 25-33).
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(
1997; 1998).


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( 1995; 1996).
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,
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IXX . : (, 1996),
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1999), --, I (, 2003), ,
, I (, , 2006). , ,

46

.. . :

( 2000,
. 211-213).
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( 2001, . 101-106).
: VII VIII I .

(
),
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I ., ,
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I . .
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IX. ,
. IX . ,
, , ,
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( 2001, . 1004-1007).

.. , (
2003, . 103-113).
, ,
.. ,
, . .
,
. . ,

: , , , (
1998). , ..
,
- ,
( .. ) ( 1997).
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(,
2001, . 202-203). .. , -

..
( 2006, . 203-204).
- . IX . .
,

, . IX . ;

. IX . ( 1999,
. 168).

( 1999,
. 120).
2001 .
1989 . . (, 2001),
..
1990 . ( 1990), .
, , , , , ..

47

.. . :

,
IX .
( 2005).


,
. ,
,
, , 5-6
.
, , . 2- . IX .,

VIIVIII .; .
, ,

,
(Kovacs 2005, p. 352-354). ,
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,


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-

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. ( ., . 1998; 2000; 2003; 2005 .).
,
, ,

48

.. . :

.
-

. . IX .,
.
. ,

-
(
2008). -
- (
, ),
VIVII .


(
2009). (
. VIII .)
.
.
, ,
-
. (Fodor 2009). ,



., (Fodor
2009).
,

,

. -

.
,
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. ,
); ,

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(!); , , ,

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,
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2005, p. 352-354).
2008 .
. , IXX . (Erdely
2008). .
. , .
, , ,
,
,
,
,
, -
- .
.
,
, VIII .
. .

, Magna Hungaria
-

49

.. . :

(, , 2008).
..


,
, . ,

I .,


I . ..
,
(
2007, . 79-86).

(
2008; 2009) (Komar 2009,
p. 15-16),
IX .

.
, , ,
,
,
.

.
, .

, .
,

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70-
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.,
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. 2007-2008 .
2007 .

.
. (,
2007; 2007) . ( )
. (, ,
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. ,
14
,

11

VVIII .
. VVIII .
, .

-

50

.. . :

, , -
, .
/
(Rona-Tas
1997, p. 284; 2005;
2000, . 17; 2005-2006, . 81), ,


VVI . . () (Ungri)
IX . (.
wgry).
XI . ,

( ) (
2005, .241). ,

, .
,

VVIII ., , ,
. ,
, , , ,

.
, ,


.


-- VVIII .,
.

. . .. .

VVI ., , , ,

( 2002, . 88-91).
( !)
,

..
,
. , .

, ,
. ()

.. ,
2- . VI .
(Chalikov 1986, . 212213).

,

-r

(.. -r-),
. (our) . .
ou ; z- ouz , (-
2001,
. 323).

:
- ;
()- / ; - [] ; -
( , t).

51

.. . :

. -
. 115 175 ( 1981, . 4).
( ,
. .) .

.. (
1990) , ,
, .
.1
( 1954)

.5 .9
( 1947), .
:
, ,
,
. . 2

, (, 2004, . 8).
. 2 . 66 (2- . VI .)
, (
2005, . 4), - ( 2005, . 59, 65, 66).

, VIVII . ( 2008).

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, -

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)
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2- . V .
VII., () ( 2004; 2006; 2008).

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.
,

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( -) (
1999, . 57-58),

- .
..
,
,
,
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,
( 1999, . 5760).
(.: , , ).

VIVII .,

52

.. . :

, .
( 1972, . 180),

.

VIVII . , ,
.
,
,
.
1 - II
( 1987).

VI VII .
. 5 (, 1996) 2- . VII .
VII .
-
( 1965).
-, ..
(, ,
2006, . 360-363),
,
( ,
(?) , ).

. 3 . 5 . VIII ., ,

(, , 1981,
. 161-162; 1983).
..
IX . ( 1999, . 101-102),

(, , , 1983, . 2: 22). -

,
. II (VI .),
- ,
,
( 1998,
. 24; 31; 36; 37). , ,
. 2 . 36 ( V 1- VI .), ,
,
. 12 . 3 (1-
V.) ( 1994, .3: 1, 2), .
, .. ,
II ( 1998, . 101),

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(
1992, .76). .. ,
. 2 . 2 -
(1- IX .) . 1 . 6
( .) ( 1999, . 80),
.. . 2 (. IX .),

- , (I .) (
1992, . 76).
, . 12 . 3 , .. IIIIV .!
,

,
, ,

. ,

53

.. . :

,
.
,
. 3 .5 ,
.
,
, , VIII .,
. IX .
- . . VIII .
- () .

- ( 1999,
. 121),
. 52
. , . 3 . 5
IV 2
VIII. (
2006, . 104, 110-111, 115-118). . 3 . 5 ,

,
, ( ) (.2:5).
,
(, , 1998, . VII: 9, 10;
LXX: 3), . 1 . 2
I , (,
2000, . 5: 14-16).

. 29 -
( 2000, . 39: 16-18).

, ..
( 1999, . 99), . 3
. 5 . 2 . 3
(, , 1981, . 4:11) I
.. - (-
1966, . 69),
XIXII .,
. . 4 . 4
(, , 1981, .
4:11)
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XII .; .

. 3 . . 5 . 4 ( 1996, . 1)
. 11 . 1 (, , 1978), , ,

.
,
,
.

.. 1967 . ( 1967)

,
, , , ,
, ,
,
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,
,
, ,
.

..

54

.. . :

( 1958),
..
, : +
+ = ; + + = ();
= -.

.. ,
, ,
.
40
,
, .

.. ..
.
.
. ,
.
III . 3 . .. 1911 . (Fettich 1937,
taf. XVI: 7, 10, 11). . 43
.. (
1905, . XXI: 55). ,

,
. 1985 . .40

( 2001), ,
., . (Balint 1989, s. 142).

VIIIIX . (
1986), , , .
,
VIIIX .,
,
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(, , ), (, , ), (, , ,
), ,
(, , , )
.
.

VIIIIX .,
!
.


( ),

.

.

(,
1997, . LIX).

.
,
, .

(Erdelyi 1977). ..

-

55

.. . :

, ,
, ?

,
,

- (
1984). 1- . VIII . (),

( 2007, .10),
VIIIIX . , ,

VVII .
(. ), , , , ,
.


-,
,
(halikova, Chalikov 1981).

(. 3, 6, 13, 14, 2224, 28),
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, -

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: -
,



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1899 . . . (.
- .).


( XI
1899, . 81),
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( 1996, . 358, . 3) (. 2).
,
,


.

1902 . . . (.
- .)

( ., .
1902, . 23, . XIX, 640-828).
200


16
( ., . 1902, . 39, . XIX, 486-495)
(.3).
1949 . . ( - .)

,
,
,
(). 1950 . .. -

56

.. . :

. 2. .

.
80- .
.
( - ) (, 1994; , , 1999) ( - .)
(, 1990; ,
2001) (.7), .
1983 . . (
- .)
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. 19851986 . ..
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1988; Bokij, Pletnyova 1989) (. 6).
..
XIVXV .
. (, 2003), ,

, . (Erdelyi 1961, kep. 6;
2008, s. 65, kep. 36) (. 4).
1951 . . - ( - .)
. 2 ..

,

( 1960, . 25-26).
,
. , 4 .1 -,

( 1960, . 17,
.4:7).
70- . .
( - .), .. ( 1986) (. 5),

. ( ., 1979),

57

.. . :

. 3. - (1-9)
. (10-12).

I . ( 2006, . 1: 1). .
,
- , -

2006 .

, ,

58

.. . :

. 4. .
1

. (Fodor 2009, s. 310),

.
1994 . . ( , )
2008 . (, , 2008).
. , 2007 . ( -
) (,
2007; 2007).
2007 . . ( - .)
(, , , 2008)
(. 8), 2008 .

. ( .),
12.
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,
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.

1899 ;
1902 ;
1949 ;

1951 - (2);
1973 ;
1978 ;
1983 , .1;
1985 ;

1985 , .2;
1986 , .3;

1989 ;
1994 ( 14);
2007 (3);
2007 (2).
2008 .
: 9

: 23

, , ,
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( 1999, . 102-103),

( )

(. 9).
,
. 2007-2008 .

.. .

12

59

.. . :
2

, .18

-, .2, .2
, .36
, .37

.1 .23

, .16
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Simonis de Keza 1999
Simonis de Keza. Gesta Hungarorum / Simonis
de Keza. Budapest, 1999.
Szij 2005
Szij E. Research on the prehistory of the
Hungarians and Finno-Ugric studies / Szij E. //
Research on the prehistory of the Hungarians: a
review. Budapest, 2005. (Varia Archaeologica
Hungarica, T. XVIII).
The ancient Hungarians 1996
The ancient Hungarians. Budapest, 1996.
Toth 2005
Toth S.L. The past and present of the research on
the prehistory of the Hungarians. Historiography
/ Toth S.L. // Research on the prehistory of the
Hungarians: a review. Budapest, 2005. (Varia
Archaeologica Hungarica, T. XVIII).
Winter 1997
Winter H. Avarische Grab- und Streufunde aus
Ostosterreich / Winter H. Innsbruck, 1997.
Zakharow, Arendt 1934
Zakharow A. Studia Levedica: Archaeologischer
Beitrag zur Geschichte der Altungarn im IX.
Jh. / Zakharow A., Arendt W. // Archaeologia
Hungarica. Budapest, 1934. T. XVI.
Zimonyi 2005
Zimonyi I. The state of the research on the prehistory of the Hungarians. Historiography (Oriental
sources, history of the Steppe) // Research on the
prehistory of the Hungarians: a review / I. Zimonyi. Budapest, 2005. (Varia Archaeologica
Hungarica, T. XVIII).
Zimonyi 2006
Zimonyi I., 2006. Muslimische Quellen ber die
Ungarn vor der Landnahme. Das ungarische
Kapitel der Gaihani-Tradition / I. Zimonyi.
Budapest, 2006.

. .
(), .

, .

-
, ,
-
.
,
. .,
.

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-

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: , , , , ,
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.V. Kom ar
The Perspectives of the Old-Magyars
of Etelkoz Study
The paper deals with the Ninth century archaeological culture of the Old-Magyars during
their stay throughout the territories of the Northern area of the Black Sea.
Written sources contain three different stories of Magyar migrations, but comparative study
shows that all of them divide the Magyar history into two periods: before crossing of the Volga
(Etel) and thereafter. This gives us opportunity to
leave behind searching the Levedia towards the
West of Volga.
It is possible to define the archaeological sites
of the Northern area of the Black sea, dated back
to the Ninth century, as belonging to the Subotsi
type. In three of the graves are found gold and
silver funeral masks, the use of which is the most
expressive feature of the Subotsi type burial rite.
Some of the grave complexes contain belt ornaments of Kama basin styles and harness of South
Ural types, wheel-made pottery of Volga Bulgarian origin also. All these elements differ from Saltov culture and burials of Petchenegs and Oghuzes. This marks other population, closely related to
Karajakupovo culture of Kama-Ural region, that
migrated to Ukrainian steppes not earlier and not
later then middle of the Ninth century.

. .
:

. .

, ,
:
() ,

.

77

.. . :
Written sources give opportunity to attribute
these newcomers as the Old-Hungarians (Hetumoger). As well as the archaeological materials
witness the relation of the Subots type burials
with Magyar culture by the time of the conquest
of Hungary.
The Subotitsa type burials give information
about area of Magyar tribes in Etelkoz, their cultural and trade relations with neighbors. Also

they prove that Volga-Kama region cemeteries

with Magyar elements (Bolshye Tigany, Tankeevka) appeared at the same time with Subotitsa
type burials and therefore cannot mark original
homeland of the Old-Magyars.
Key word s: Old-Magyars, Khazars, Levedia,
Etelkez, Subotsy type, Saltov culture and historical community, Karajakupovo culture.

,
,
, -
e-mail: akomar@mail.ru, . +38 044 278-47-80; 279-44-05, +38 050 151-54-88
01025, , . -25, . , 3.

78

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.. , .. . ...
The material which was obtained as a result of
excavations and expeditions of researchers can be
subdivided into 5 stylistic groups.
The first group consists mainly of the unornamented tie-plates. They were widely spread in
the beginning of the IX century. The most famous
monuments of Bashkortostan and South Zauralye
which belong to the IX-X centuries are the I and
II Bekeshevskiy, the Yamashi-Tauskiy, the Khusainovskiy burial mounds and the burial mound
of Graultra.
The second stylistic group contains the belt,
harness and other silver tie-plates, the belt caps
which are similar to objects from different separate burials of nomadic noblemen of South Ural
and Kazakhstan.
Stylistic group number 3 has items which carry
the Madyar ornamental and decorative elements.
They were found in the synchronous monuments
situated anywhere from South Ural to Eastern
Europe the dispersed burial near Emba, the
Bolshe-Tiganskiy burial mound, the Tankeyevskiy burial mound as well as the burial site near
the Subbotitsa village.
The fourth stylistic group includes objects
which have south and north Siberian decorative
traditions of the second half the end of the I millennium AD on them.
Group number 5 represents items which correlate to the Ural-Perm style.
Thus, the general view of the ethnic cultural
transformation that led to the appearance of several necropolis sites like Uelga and Sineglazovo,
as we see it, is the following.
The groups of cattle-breeding semi-settled
population, the bearers of the KushnarenkovskiyKarayakupovskiy circle of ceramics, which were
formed at the early stage as a part of the Bakal
historical and cultural horizon (IV-VI centuries
AD), started moving to the West, and namely, the
basin of the Belaya and the Kama rivers in the VI
century.
At the same time the materials of this visual
type appear far in the steppe of South Zauralye in
the short-term settlement sites and mounds with
ridges (Selentash, Kaynsay, Bersuat). Approximately three hundred years after their foundation (the end of the IX century) deep in the foreststeppe zone of South Ural the nomadic complexes
of late Kushnarenkov and Karayakupov type appeared, such as Sineglazovo, Uelgov, Lagaryovo,
Karanayevo and others. They all were the bearers
of a peculiar nomadic cultural complex of the syncretic character. This complex did include some
elements of the central and east Kazakhstan, the
Altay looks, along with some evident similarities
to the western nomadic complexes of Povolzhye,
Lower Podneprovye and Podunavye (the Danube
region).

, . .

-

I . . .
,
-
.
,
,
.
-
(IVVI . ..)
VI .

.
,
(, , ).
( IX .) ,
, , .,
,
- -,
,
,
.
: , , , , , , , , .
S. G. Botal ov, I.V. Gr u d o chk o
New materials on the cultural
genesis of the Middle Age population
of South Ural
(after the materials from Uelga and Sineglazovo
burial sites)
The burial complex of Uelga was opened in
May, 2009 (Botalov, 2009) owing to the information of the researchers I. Mirovoy and S. A. Khanov, who were conducting inofficial research of
their own there. The monument is situated 2.5
kilometers to the north-north-east of Kanzafarovo village (the Kunashak county of Chelyabinsk
region) and 8 kilometers to the North-West of
the Kunashak village. It takes a series of outliers
of the terrace between the south-eastern shore
of Lake Saygerly and the western shore of Lake
Uelga.

Key Word s: nomads, barrow, Magyars,

graves, burial, Proto-Magyars, Syneglazove, Uegli, Chelyabinsk region, the South Ural.

98

.. , .. . ...

, - , , , .
e-mail: grig@csc.as.ru, sud_arh@ csc.as.ru, . +7 351 263-78-50, +7 351 263-69-78,
.. +78 9127947057.

- ,

e-mail: grudochkoivan@mail.ru

99

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103

.. , .. . ...
. . , ..

L . N. Chur yl ova, V. A . Kh o d a s

. ..

Old-Hungarian Artefacts in the

Collection of the Dnepropetrovsk
National Historical Museum Named
After D.I. Javornytsky

, ,
. , , ,

. .. ,
,
.

The burial complexes of Vasilkovsky and Krinichansky districts of the Dnepropetrovsk Region
not only enlarge the number of the Old-Hungarian
sites, known throughout the Eastern Europe, but
also are the source of a number of new significant
examples of the Medieval applied art. The museum exposition has been enriched with ceremonial tableware, jewellery, gold and silver details
of garments, remains of weapons and armours,
which draw attention of both scholars and usual
visitors alike.

: ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, .

Key Word s: Old-Hungarian, armour, arrowheads, Dnepropetrovsk region, jewellery,

orobchino, Manvelovka, mask, sabre, tableware.

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..
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, 1986. 4. . 261-266.
2010
..
( VIII .
.) / .. // Stratum plus.
, 2010. 5. . 221-274.
Dienes 1963
Dienes I. Honfoglalinek halottas szoksainak
egyik ugorkori elemlr: ber ein aus der ugrischen Zeit stammendes Element der Bestattungssitter der landnehmenden Ungarn / I. Dienes //
Archaeologiai Hungaricae. Budapest, 1963.
90. S. 109-111.
Hampel 1905
Hampel J. Alterthumer des Frhen Mittelalters
in Ungarn / J. Hampel. Braunschweig, 1905.
Bd. III. 226 s.
Komar 2009
Komar O. Ancient Hungarians of Etelkoz (archaeological evidence) / Komar O. // Medieval
Nomads: Third International Conference on the
Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. Miskolc, 2009. P. 15-16.
Nepper Ibolya 2002
Nepper Ibolya M. Hajdy-Bihar megye 10-11.
szazadi sirleletei. Budapest-Debrecen, 2002.
T. 2.
The ancient Hungarians 1996
The ancient Hungarians: Exhibition Catalogue.
Edited by Istvn Fodor. Hungarian National
Museum. March 16 December 31 1996.
Budapest, 1996.

123

.. . .
. .

A . B . Supr un enk o

The Old-Hungarian Necropolis in

Dmitrovka in the Psel Low Flow
Area

(2007 .)
,
. .., . .
, . . ,
IX .
, - ,
, , ,
, ,
. (Aesculus hippocastanum L.),
.
,
, , ,
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,
-, ,
,
.

(
.. ) .

The paper contains the results of study (2007)

of an Old-Hungarian necropolis of three graves
of children, dated back to the late ninth early
tenth century. The necropolis was discovered in
barrow in the tract Chyrvyn Gorb, by the village
Dmitrovka, near to Komsomolsk in the Poltava
Region, in the Psel low flow area. The graves
were accompanied with significant inventory,
the parallels to which could be found among the
artefacts, coming from the late ninth the early
tenth century necropolis of Hungary. Among the
finds a significant place belongs to the laid on
details to a posthumous mask, belt sets with iron
knives in textile and leather sheaths, decorated
with silver foil, gold and silver earrings, silverplated bronze ring and bracelet, iron arrowheads,
typical to nomads of the ninth tenth centuries.
One of the graves contained a half of fruit of the
Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.),
which could be brought from Balkans.
Among the most significant finds are the
bronze pendants, silver-plated belt ornaments,
with motives of trefoil, shoots and flower, which
are peculiar to the Old-Hungarian art. It is
interesting that in the prints on the metal and
alongside the silver articles were present remains
of textile garments, grave-clothes, belt and
sheath, represented with fragments of different
types: silk, wool, fabrics of the vegetable origin.
The necropolis belongs to the Subbotsy type
(after A.V. Komar), i.e. the Magyars stay in the
Middle Dnieper area final stage.

: , ,
, , , , , , ,
.

Key word s: Dmitrovka, barrow, Magyar,

necropolis, grave, burial, Middle Dnieper area,
ornaments, jewellers, Psel, textile.

, ,
-
, , , ,
, - , ,

e-mail: cpram@ua.fm, . +38 05322 2-26-12, .. +38 067 572-62-01

36011, , . -11, . , 37

124

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358 .
, , 1989
.. ( ) / .., .., .. : , 1989.
349 .

128

.. . ...
2007
..
1
/
.. // ..,
.., .., ..
. : - , ,
2007. . 96-98. (
, . V).
., ., 1989
..
/ .., .., .. : , 1989. 287.
1930
.. /
.. // . , 1930.
. 5. . . 12 .

. .


.
,
. .
,
, .

,


. ,
.

1978
.. : 2-
. / .. . : , 1978.
. 1. 243 .

: , ,
, , , ,
, .

, , ,
2007
.., .., .., ..
/ ..,
.., .., ..
-: - , , 2007. 110 . (
, . V).

S.V. Mayevsk a

, 2007
..
/ .., .. // . : ,
2007. 1-2 (21-22). . 32-45.
, , 2007
..
.
. 2007 .
/ .., ..,
.. // ; .
.. . 475. 232 .

Remains of Textile Articles

in the Old-Hungarian Graves near
Dmitrovka, Krementchuk District,
Poltava Region
Exploring a barrow in the Psel Low Flow Area,
near village Dmitrovka in the Komsomolsk District in Poltava Region, in two inlet Old-Hungarian
graves were found remains of organics, basically of
textile and leather. The textile finds were detected
as remains of garments. The study of finds give
opportunity to make a conclusions about the garments and some peculiarities of the Magyar life of
that time. The remains of the textile, its quality
and technology after which it is made, make possible an assumption on the high social statues of
the parents of the buried children.
Key word s: Dmitrovka, Magyars, Low Psel
area, burials, textile, fabrics, wool, silk, leather.

,

,
e-mail: ounpolt@list.ru, . +38 063 846-17-99
36011, , . -11, . , 37,

129

 572+904.59 (477.53):(=511.141)

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14
11-12 .

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, 2000. 193 .

,
, IXX . ,
.
. .
: , ,
, , ,
.
.V. A r tem ev

2001
.. i: . i /
... : i, 2001. 336 .
1998
: / .
... : , 1998.
464 .
, , ,
2007
. . / .. , .. , .. , .. . : , , 2007. 110 .

The Palaeopathological Analysis

of the Old-Magyar Population
(Mound 1 on the Chirvnn Hill
in the Lower Psel)
The paper offers results of study of odontological markers: physiological norm deviations
of a dental series of Old-Magyar of the ninth and
the tenth centuries. The author is to establish the
causes of deaths of the buried ones.
Key word s: dental stones, Dmitrovka, old
Hungarians, pathology, teeth.

,
, , ,
veronikaartemeva@ua.ru, . +38 05322 2-26-12, . . +38 066 898-56-98

132

 904'15 (477.54):(=511.141+512.19)"08/09"

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163). ,
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( 2001, . 113-115).

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I () (.1: 17) ( 2001, . 1: 2, 5).

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2002, .109-114).


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13, 16 96 (IV); 14-15 99, 2 (IV); 17 40
(I); 18 37 (IV); 20 92 (IV); 21 5 (IV).

135

.. . -

. , 96
(
1989, . 96, . 48; 1995, . 135,
. 1: 10-13)
(. 1: 16).

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(. 1: 27, 33)
( 1976, . 4: 7-10; 5: 3-7; ,
1988, . 5: 1-6).

, .

( 37) (. 1: 18)

( 76) (. 1: 19).


( 1992, . 60: 114, 115; 61: 9).

(. 1: 34, 35), , ,

( 2001, . 172; 1987, . C III: 9, 12, 13; ,
1994, . 32: 5;
1976, . 11: 15, 17; 12: 1, 2; The ancient
Hungarians 1996, s. 338, 357, 372, 387).

. IV
.
5 (. 1: 21) ( 2001, . 113-115)
92 (. 1: 20). ,
,

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, ( 1989, . 34, 38, 45; 2005, . 2: 11; 3: 19, 25-26; 4: 15, 20;
5: 22; , 2003, . 3: 33; 5:
11, 30; 6: 6; 2006, . 19: 3; 41: 6; 55: 8; 63:
17; 72: 1; 80: 1; 81: 1; 1993, . 56,
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1988, . 5),
() (, 1994, . 32:
5; 2007, . 80, . 103).


-

56 IV (. 1: 3).

. ( 33) ( 1905,
. XXI: 55).
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, .
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.

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,
, ( 1989,
. 44).
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( 1976, . 154, . 5: 20),
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1988, . 3: 2, 3; ,
2001, . 5: 6) , , - (Kiss 2000, tab. IX: 2, 20, 86).
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139

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IX .
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IX ( 2010, . 72). ,

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( 2010, . 72).
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( 2001, . 172, 173).

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. 666). , ,

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-

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, , ,
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, , .,
( 1999, .
168; 2005, . 213). IX


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140.
2005
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: . . , 2005. . 245 260.
, 2009
.. 2:
-
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. 1: . ,
2009. . 23 37.
, 2003
..
/ .. , .. // Vita antigua.
, 2003. 5-6. . 179 191.
, 2006
..
. VIIIX . / .. ,

.. // . . 5.
-, 2006. 308 .
1989
.
/ . , 1989.
2002
..
-
/ .. // . ,
2002. 2. . 109 114.
, 1988
.. -
. / .. , .. // . . : , 1988.
2. . 99 115.
2001
.. - - / .. // I
. . ( ). , 2001. .
1. . 169 185.
1999
.. - / .. . , 1999.
1995
.. / .. // : . , 1995.
. 123 183.
1999
..
( ) / .. // Vita antigua. ,
1999. 2. . 111 136.
1999
.. : ..

. / ..
// Vita antigua. , 1999. 2. .
165 169.
2005
..
/ .. //
: . -,
2005. . 16. . 207 218.
1993
.. / .. //
. , 1993. 2. . 52 62.
2005
..
/ .. ., 2005.
1989
.. - :
/ .. . : , 1989.

141

.. . -
1905
.. - / .. // . : . , 1905. . 1. . 465491.
, 1994
.. . /
.., .. //
.. . , 1994. . 81 85.
, 2001
.. .
/ .. , .. // . , 2001. 1. .
96 105.
1987
.. / ..
// - . : , 1987. . 236 239.
2007
.. / .. : , , 2007. 110 .
2010
..
VIII X . / .. . , 2010.
1976
..
/ .. // . . : , 1976.
3. . 141 156.
1998
. :
.
836 889 . / . // . , 1998. . VI. . 663 688.
Kiss 2000
Kiss G. Vas megye 10-12 szazadi sir - es Kincsleletei / G. Kiss. Szombathely, 2000. 442 s.
The ancient Hungarians 1996
The ancient Hungarians: Exhibition Catalogue.
Edited by Istvn Fodor. Hungarian National
Museum. March 16 December 31 1996.
Budapest, 1996.
..

-


( )
. ,
,
-

30- 80-
IX .
- .
IX . -
, ,
:
, ,
-. ,
2. , ,
.
, ,
( -
) , .
-,

-.
(-) - 30-80- . IX .
: , , -, , .
V. S. A k syon ov
New Materials about Problem
of Hungarians-Saltiv Contacts
in the Upper Podontsovje
In the area of steppe and forest-steppe variants of the Saltiv culture there are no Hungarians sites. So there is a gap in the chain of points
in the path of Hungarians from South Urals to
Pannonia. This lacuna can be explained due to
the fact of the submission Hungarians to Khazars during 830-890. This time was a period of
close ethnic and cultural contacts between representatives of Hungarian tribes and populations
of Northwest Khazaria. Items of the waist suite
found in the burials of catacomb Verkhniy Saltiv
necropolis are the proof of such contacts. Among
such items there are ornamental motifs appropriate to early-Hungarians products (images of
the trefoil with tear-shaped petals, triple berry
on a stem, border of alternating round and oval
links).

142

.. . -
Unearthed on settlement Netailivka-2 partially destroyed ground grave is typical in this
aspect. Except the elements of the waist suite designed with some features of the early-Hungarians ornaments in this grave were found typical
Magyar stirrups. These data indicate that the
individual elements of the early-Hungarians culture are registered among the material culture of
the Alan-Bulgarian population, though there is
no reliable evidence of the presence of Magyar in

the Verkhniy Saltiv. Quite distinctively these elements are presented in the ornament of the metal
waist suite, known as an essential accessory of
Eurasian soldiers. The time of existing of syncretic Saltiv-Madyar style in the decoration of the
waist suite of the population Northwest Khazaria
falls on the 830th 880th.
Key word s: Saltiv culture, Hungarians, Alan-Bulgarian, waist suite, Verkhniy Saltiv.

, ,

e-mail: aksyonovviktor@gmail.com, . +38 095 869-31-89
61003, , . -3, . , 5,

143

 903.25 (477.53):(=511.141+512.19)"08/09"

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()

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145

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147

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. , .

( , . 163, . 4: 7, 21; 5: 5). 3

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(, 1988, . 109, . 7: 4),
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, ( 2005,
.264, 266, . 55: 1-5),

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. 88-90; , 1998, . 7;
1999, . 29: IIII) .

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. ,
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( 1990, . 80).
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.12).
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. 5: 1-6).
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, ,
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148

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.

1 - (
1981, . 32, . 13: 1),
, ( 1958, . 28-29),
.. . (
1990, . 114, . 1: 51).
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.13, 15, 17, 20, 29, 31, 34),


V . ( 1990, . 112).
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( 1948, . 104,
. 14); 1 (
, ) (, 1988, . 100, 112, .1: 3);
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.

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(, 2003;
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2007, . 83-85).
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( 2006, . 107, .1:1).
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2009, . 15-16),
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- ,
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( 2006, . 106-107). , .

Hajdu-Bihar Heves (The ncient
Hungarians, 1996, p. 213, 328).
, ,
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1959 . .
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1918-1920)
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. 116). ,
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. 19). 6-8- ,
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11,1, 3,4 ( 2001, . 116, . 1: 3).

151

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. .

( 1989,
. 123-128) ,

( 1981, . 100; 2004, . 88).

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. 4:4).
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-

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(, , 2008).
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117; , , ,
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7: 1),
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. ( 1985, . 117-121, . 8; 9: 2122; 10: 2-3; 11: 8-9; 12: 10; 1989,
. 88, 90, . 44). (, ,
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108, .26; , , , , , 2005, . 33,
.21; 2008, . 31, 32), ,
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(, , 2004,
. 61-62; , , , , , 2005, . 61, 62),

152

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2005, . 117, 8).


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(. 1: 8) 1980- .
... (, , ,
, 2004, . 108,
. .144).

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(. 1: 6). , .. 1947 .,
.

- ( 1961, . 343).


. (. 1: 7) -

(, 2006, . 37,
. 29: 8).
,

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1960- .,
.. .. (. 1: 9).

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1960
.. XIXIII . / .. // .
. : - , 1960.
1. . 70-90.
1990
.. : (- ) /
... : , 1990.
168 .
, 2004
.. (
.. V ):
6 . / .. , .. . : ,
2004. 160, VIII .
, , 2004,
.. (V V .): 7 .
/ .., .. , .. . : , 2004. 200, VIII .
, 1988
.. -
. / .. ,
.. // . . :
, 1988. 2. . 99-113.

153

.. , .. . ...
, 1998
.. / .. , .. // : . : . , 1998.
.98.
2005
.. /
... : , 2005. ..
352 . ( , . 20- .).
1990
..

/ .. //
- . ,
1990. . 109-115.
2006
. / // -
: V (14-16 2006 .,
. ): . : , 2006. . 66-68.
2007
.
/
//
- : V
(13-15 2007 ., . ).
: , 2007. . 8385.
2004
.. / .. // , , : -
(12-16 2004 .). -:
, 2004. . IIIIV. . 87-91.
2009
.. / .. // : . . 2:
. : , 2009. . 166169.
1989
.. - : ( ) //
. : - , 1989. . 98-114.
, 1985
..
1985 . ( ) / .., .. // .
.. 1985/102. 21886. 44, 18 .
1958
.. :
/ ..

// . -: - ,
1958. 74. 327 .
1961
.. / .. //
. -: - ,
1961. 104. 382 .
1981
.. VIII
XII . / .. . : , 1981.
164 .
2001
.. / .. // .
: , 2001. 2 (10). . 116.
1985
.. / .. . : ,
1985. 148 .
1990
.. IXXIII . / .. . :
, 1990. 156 .
1989
.. - : / .. . : , 1989.
286.
, 1994
.. . /
.. , .. //
.. . : . , 1994. .
. 81-85, 97-98.
2003
..
/ .. // .
: , 2003. 2 (12). .103104.
2006
.. . / .. // . : , 2006.
2 (20). . 106-107.
1948
.. / ... : - , 1948.
792.
1987
.. /
.. // 1985 . : ,
1987. . 418.
1994
.. / .. . -: .
, 1994. 104 .

154

.. , .. . ...
2008
.. / ..
//
. :
. -: , 2008. . 16-40.
, , 2004
..
( ) / .., .., ..
// . : , 2004. 1-2
(13-14). . 47-135.
, , ,
2007
.. / .., .., ..,
.. -: - , , 2007. 110 .
, , 2004
.. / .., ..,
.. // . : , 2004. 1-2 (13-14). . 5-45.
, , , ,
2005
.. / .., ..,
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.. . 2-, . -: -
, , 2005. 140 .
( :
. ).
, , , ,
2004
.. :
/ .., .., .. . -: , 2004. 160, 4 .
, , 1999
.
/ . , . ,
. // Finno-Ugrica. , 1999.
2.
, 2006
.. / .., .. -: , , 2006. 146 .

, , 1989
.. / .. ,
.., .. // . :
, 1989. 2. . 131-136.
1976
..
/ .. // . . : , 1976.
3. . 141-156.
1981
.. -
// . : , 1981.
.96-101.
1980
..
/ .. // . . : ,
1980. 3. . 110-127.
1999
.. , .. . 1881-1901 . / .. //
: .
. .1: 1874-1901 . ( ). : . , 1999. .VI. (.
).
, , 2008
.. (
. ) / ..,
.., .. : . .
. - , 2008.
Fodor 2009
Fodor I. Ein Ungarischer Fund aus dem 10. Jahrhundert in Kasan / Fodor I. // Acta Orientalia
Academiae Scientiarum Hung. Budapest, 2009.
Vol. 62 (3). S. 303-313.
Komar 2009
Komar O. Ancient Hungarians of Etelkoz (archaeological evidence) / Komar O. // Medieval
Nomads: Third International Conference on the
Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. Miskolc, 2009. P. 15-16.
The ancient Hungarians 1996
The ancient Hungarians: Exhibition Catalogue.
Edited by Istvn Fodor. Hungarian National
Museum. March 16 December 31 1996.
Budapest, 1996.

155

.. , .. . ...
. . , . .

I. N. Kul atova, A . B . Supr un enk o

Old-Hungarian and the Saltoid

Finds in the Left Bank Dnieper
Forest-Steppe Terrace in the Poltava
Region

,
, .

It is made a survey of complexes of ruined OldMagyar and Saltoid graves, which were found
throughout the left bank area of Dnieper in the
South-Western part of the Poltava Region. It is
also given the information on finds of ceramics,
dated back to the ninth and the turn from the
ninth to the tenth centuries.

: ,
, , , , , , , , , , ,
.

Key word s: Velyka Kokhnovka, Voloshyno,

Vorskla, Dmitrovka, Kabars, ceramics, barrow,
Magyars, graves, Low Psel, Middle Dnieper area,
Tverdokhleby, ornaments, Shushvalovka.

, , .
e-mail: cpram@ua.fm, . +38 05322 2-26-12, .. +38 067 572-62-00
36011, , . -11, . , 37

156

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.

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(
1985, . 212).

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,
.
( 1981, . 146, 150-152).
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( 1981, . 34-36, . 15: 14),

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1977, .127).


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.26-28, . 8-9).
, ( 1984, . 2444; 1993, . 77-85).
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. 93-100; 2008, . 122-124).

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:

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.172, . 1: 56).
,
(Erdelyi 1993,
.135152).
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.171, . 55: 85; 1985,
. 199-201, . 66: 4-5).
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379). ,

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120, . 35: 5-7).
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60-70 II .,

(
1981, . 146, 150-152, . 57: 9).
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. 66: 7).
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161

.. .

. 1. .
1: 1 , 2-4 , 5 , 5- , 6 ,
7 , 8-9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ;
2: 13-14 , 15 , 17 ; 3: 16, 18 ,
19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ; 4:
23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ; 5: 27-28 .
2-6, 8-14, 19-20, 23-24 .

162

.. .

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2) ,
.
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.
2 III .,
. II .,
,
.

I . ,
, .

. ,
.
, ,
( 1989, . 108, 111, . 56). ,
33 45
, ( 1958, . 31, .17: 5;
2007, . 135-136, . 10; 11: 29).
, 45 , ,
.
, .

-
( 1997, . 48-51;
1998, . 93100; 2007, . 93-97), .. ( 2007, .60-61, 90).
.
(, , ) ( 2010, . 77-78, 95, . 2: 3)


,
- (
, ). ,
,
.

1995
.. / .. // . , 1995. 3. . 115-122.
1990
.. (- ) / .. : , 1990. 168 .
1963
.. / .. // . , 1963.
108. . 145-208.
1977
.. / .. : , 1977.
235 .
1952
..
/ .. // . ,
1952. 10. . 105-111.
1993
. -
/
. // . , 1993. .77-85.
2008
..
/ .. // - . : . . . .
, 2008. . 38-69.
1990
..

163

.. .
/ .. //
- . , . , 1990. .
108-117, 142.
1973
..
. / .. // . . 1 36. :
, 1973. 140 .
1986
.. / .. . : , 1986. 144 .
1990
.. / ..
// .
: , 1990. . 111-116.
, 1990
..
.. / .. ,
.. //
: .
.-. / . : .
, 1990. . 41-47.
1986
:
. : , 1986.
216.
1958
.. :
/ ..
// . -, 1958. 74.
328.
1981
.. VIII
XII . / .. . : , 1981.
164 .
1986
.. /
... : , 1986. 156 .
1984
.. . / .. //
. , 1984. 47. .24-44.
2005
.. ( . ) / .. . : . , 2005. 264.
1989
.. - . / .. . : , 1989.
286.
1997
.. / .. // I .. ( ). : .
. , 1997. . 48-51.

1998
.. / .. // .
, 1998. 2. . 93-100.
2007
..

/ .. // . : , 2007. 1-2. . 93-97.
2007
..
- / ... : . , 2007. 180 .
2008
.. V .
/ .. // - . : .
. . . . , 2008. .118129.
2010
.. . .. ( 70 ..) / .. //
- ( . ..
. ..). : .
, 2010. 103 .
2010
.. /
... : , 2005. 244 .
2010
.. XI .
: / ... : , 1988. 150 .
, 2008
.. .: .. . . ; : , 2005. 244 ., 152 . / ..,
.. // . : , 2008.
3. . 175-180.
1982
.. . / .. . : , 1982. 592 .
1961
.. (V .) / .. . : , 1981. 196 .
1981
. : , 1981. 304 .
, , 2004
.. / .. , .. ,
.. . : , 2004. 82 .

164

.. .
2007
.. / .. // , . VI. : , 2007. 110 .
1947
.. / .. // . , 1947. . 1.
.123-140.
- 1987
- .
: , 1987. 512 .
2001
.. /
... , 1901. . V. 64.
2007
.. .. (1896 1948 .) / .. . : . , 2007. 135 .
Erdelyi 1993
Erdelyi I. Honfoglalo magyartemeto leletmentese
Budakeszin / . Erdelyi // Communicationes
archaelogical Hungariae. Budapest, 1993.
39. P. 135-152.

1-4- .
.
,
. .

,

, , .
: , , ,
c, , , .
V.V. Pr iym ak
Medieval Belt Distributors

This article generalizes information about belt

distributors in the Middle Ages. The 1-4 distributor types are related to the forest-steppe zone.
Novgorod belt distributors are different, having
some peculiarities.
It is possible that the items were brought to
Eastern Europe with Hungarians. Similar items
are found in the Old-Russ complexes of the tenth
and eleventh centuries. But the search for the mediators, among the nomads of the Northern side
area of the Black Sea and people of the Volga Bulgaria, through whom the rounded belt distributors got their spread in throughout the Eastern
Europe, should be prolonged.

. -

Key word s: Eastern Europe, Dnieper Left

Bank, belt distributors, Middle Ages, Hungarians, bridle, Southern Ural.

. .

- ,
-

e-mail: priymak.viktor@mail.ru, . +38 067 540-32-57, +38 05350 2-22-04

38600 , ., - , . , 21

165

 904.59 (477.7)"08/09"

. .
()

IX .
( -)

1156
-
,

IX .
: , , ,
, -, ,
.

- VIII
X .
,
. ..
II- - ( 2000, . 12-13, .1) .
, .. ,
(, ,
, , , , -),

.
,
,
IX. -

( 2004, . 8891).

-

, VIII
X .

, -
.
,

,
, .
IXX .
, , .
, ..
.. ,

, - ( 1975,
. 169-175; 1992, . 153-156).


1156 - -

166

.. . ...

.
- ,
(
).
, 0,45
0,60 ,
(. 1: 1).
29,6, 21,0 ; ,
; .

0,95 ,
. 1,93 0,74,
,
, (. 1: 2). 0,4-0,5
,
.
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0,05 (
0,6) .
( ),
4
(. 1: 3).

, . , .
, ,
,

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(. 1: 5) (. 1:6) . , ,
, ( -?) (.1:7).
, , (
), . ,
,
.
1156 ,
.

(-?) ,

VIIIX .
, ,
( 2000, . 40; 2003, . 57-58).
- , , 17,4 ,
, 16,3 , 11,5 ; ,

. , .
9
-.
, ,
( 2001, . 116, . 1:1;
1990, . 100-101, . 35:2).
,
( 2000, . 118).

. -
,
, , . , , .

1156 -
80
.

-
( 2007, . 169174).
. ..


, ( 2001, . 7).
-

167

.. . ...

. 1. -, 1156. (2) (1, 3-7 ).

168

.. . ...

()
.
,
1156 . , ,
( 2000, . 28).
1,94 .
.. ,
(
2003, . 66). , -
8,3% (
1990, . 31). .. ..
, - ,


(, 2001, . 203).
, 1156 -
, .
,
-
837889 ., ,

. , .
,

XIV . ,

- -
.
.
, 2001
.. VIIIX .:

/ .. , .. //
. . 2: . : - . , 2001.
. 191-218.
1990
.. (- ) / .. . : , 1990. 168 .
2007
.. / .. //
. : . , 2007. .
7. . 169-174.
1992
.. - IX XIV .
/ .. // : ,
1992. 184 .
2004
.. / .. // , , : II . . .
-: , 2004.
IIIIV. . 87-91.
1990
.. / ..
// -
. , 1990. .28-44.
2001
.. / .. // .
: , 2001. 2. . 116.
2001
.. / .. //
. 526: . . 33.
: , 2001. . 4-14.
2000
.. /
.. . : ; : , 2000. 366 .
2003
..
(IVXIII ): .
/ .. . : - . -, 2003. 248 .
2000
.. / .. //
.
. 14:
. : - . . -, 2000. . 111-119.

169

.. . ...
. .

M.V. Elnik ov

IX . (
-)

Variety of the Burial Rite of the

Inhabitants of the Low Dnieper Area
in the Eleventh Century (After the Data
of the Mamay-Surka Necropolis)

1156
- ,
IX .

The paper deals with the components of the

Alan, Bulgar and Hungarian origin, which influenced the forming of burial rite of the inhabitants
of the low Dnieper area in the eleventh century.

: , , , , -, ,
.

Key word s: Alans, Bulgars, ceramics, Magyars, Mamay-Surka, necropolis, Saltov culture.

, ,
e-mail: elnikov@meta.ua, .: +38 096 234-63-04
69067 , .-67, . , 41, . 22

170

 904.531 (477.54):(=512.19)"08/09"

..
()

- 189 , .. .
: , , , , , -.

.

,
.

.
,
(1902 .)
, .
,
,
,
(
1902, . 125-128, 191; 2000, . 115,
117, 119, 121 .).
,
, ,

( 1999, . 206-221).
,
,
, ,
,
,

.

1935 . .
. ,
, ,
, ..
( 1935, . 243246). ,
- .
1982 .
-
.
.. -

171

.. . -

. 1. . 189. .
1, 4 , 2-3, 5-7 .

172

.. . -

,
-
( 1982, . 156157).
( 1998, . 6, . 1:
28; 2: 2).
189
, 1990 .
, ,
0,53 0,20 ,
.
( 20 ),

( 1991, . 13).
(. 1: 1),
,
(. 1: 4). 25
189, , . 0,75:
(. 1: 7),
(. 1: 5),
, (. 1: 3)
(.1: 2).
- , ,
, ,

(. 1: 1).
(
1962, .58, . 4: 1, 4; 1976, . 70-71, .2;
1979, . 31, . 13).

-
( 1976, . 74, . 4: 1; 1979, . 51,
. 108: 2, 11). ,
- ,
( 1973, . 125, . 18). ,

- .

, -

, , ,
.
1998
.. / .. // Finno-Ugrica. ,
1998. 1 (2).
1935
.. [] / ..
// . , 1935. 9-10.
1962
..
/ .. // . . , 1962. 3.
1976
.. -
/ .. // . .
, 1976. 2.
1979
.. / .. // . : ,
1979.
1973
.. .
. / .. . : ,
1973.
1902
, 15-27 1902 . , 1902.
1982
.. / .. // . . , 1982. 2.
1991
.. 1990 . / .. . ,
1991 // . . 1. . 6. . 35.
1999
.. /
.. . , 1999.
2000
.. (1805-1920 .): . .
. . / .. . , 2000.

173

.. . -
. .

V.V. Skird a

Artefacts of Finno-Ugric type from

the Krasnogorsky Necropolis

,
.
189 , ,
- .

The paper deals with the Finno-Ugric elements

of the Saltov sites in the upper Severski Donets
area. An especial attention is given to the cremation 189 of the Krasnogorsky biritual necropolis,
where the bronze rustling pendant with trapezoid
basis was found, finding analogies among the
Finno-Ugric antiquities.

: , , , , -, .

Key word s: Finno-Ugric peoples, Saltov culture, burial, burial ground, ethnicity, suspension.

,
... ,
, ,
-
e-mail: skirda37@mail.ru
61077, , . -77, . , 4

174

 904'15 (477.53)"06/07"

. .
()

. .

, . .
: , , , , .

2009 .,
,



30 100 . ( . )
.
. (. 1: ),
( 2009, . 3-72).
(
)
, 2008 .,
(
, 2008, . 32-34)

( 2008, . 94-108).

: , ( 2009,
. 16).
,

,
(
, . 15). .
,
.

( 1,3 ) ; .
.

,
1 () : 2 ().
.

: S- ;
,
(. 1: : 1).

175

.. . . .

. 1: .
. :
.
.
: 1 . ;
2-3 : 2 363
15; 3 1197 14
( .. ).

3,6 .
(0,3 )

,
(. 1: : 1).
,

:
(Bhme 1965, s. 1-65; Kovrig 1963, s. 110;
Martin 1990, s. 65-90), -,
, . (
2001, . 46).

: 363 15
( 2001, . 59) 1197 14
( , . 65) (Garam 1995, s. 5-136), -
( . ).

,
, (1300 )
( 2001, . 63).
,
,
,

,
.
, .
14 15
d: II I
(,
1996, . 58-140), 4
6 . 650 . . VII
VII . (Garam 1995, s. 126).
,
,
,
( 2001,
. 82). , ,
, ,

( 1990, . 121-138).
, .
,

(,
1996, . 86-89).

( 1993, .
179-184).
2008 .
. . ,
.
, (
) , , , ,
( 1999, . 111-136). ,

.
(. 1: : 2, 3),

176

.. . . .

(. 1: : 1).
,

, , ,
, , , ,
.
1993
..
- / .. //
. , 1993. 2. . 179-184.
1990
.. VI VIII . . . / ..
// . ,
1990. . 121-138.
2001
.. / .. //
: / .
. .. : - .,
2001. . 2. . 45-162.
, 1996
..
- / .., .. // . :
. , 1996. . 3. 303 .
2008
.. ( 2008 . .
) / .. // . : , 2008. 12 (23-24). . 94-108.
2009
..

2009 (

) /
.. // ; . . . .
480. 72 .
1999
..
( -

) / .. // Vita antiqua. ,
1999. 2. . 111-136.
, 2008
.. 2008
( ) / ..,
.. // ; .
.. . 480 . 101 .
Bhme 1965
Bhme H.W. Der Awarenfriedhof von Alattyn,
Kom Szolnok / Bhme H.W. // Sdostforschungen.
1965. Bd. XXIV. S. 1-65.
Garam 1995
Garam . Das avarenzeitliche Grberefeld von
Tiszafred / Garam . Budapest, 1995. Vol.
3. S. 5-136.
Kovrig 1963
Kovrig I. Das avarenzeitliche Grberefeld von
Alattyn / Kovrig I. Budapest, 1963. 264 s.
Martin 1990
Martin M. Awarische und germanische Funde in
Mnnergrbern von Linz-Zizlau und Krnye: Ein
Beitrag zur Chronologie der Awarenzeit / Martin M. // A Wosinsky Mr Mzeum vknyve.
Szekszrd, 1990. XV. S. 65-90.
. .

. .
VII . . (
).
: , ,
, .
I.V. G ol ovk o
The Belt Point of the Late Avar
Period from Velikaya Krucha
The publication deals with Avar belt point, dated back to the seventh century, which was found
in the middle flow of Uday (Sulas basin).
Key word s: Avars, belt point, Sula, Uday.

, , ,
paulo.g@rambler.ru, .: +38 05358 2-18-26
37000 , . , . 50, .3

177

 902/904.725.826 (477):(=16)"07/10"

. .
()

.
,
,
.
(2009, . 58)

. ..
: , , , .

.
.. ,
. ( 1999, . 25).
,
, (
1984, . 22; 1987, . 236, 237). ,
(, 1950, . 21, 1967, . 55-56,
121-124).

,
( 2009, . 58). ,
. ,
( ). ..

. ,

( 1972, . 195-196).
(.: , , , )
,
.
,
,
( 1958, . 188-192;
1972, . 196; 2008, . 122). (
1998, . 93-100),
(, 2004, . 168-169).

.
.
.. ,
,

,
( 1975, . 142).
... ,

178

.. .

.
, , ,
, .
,

.
.

, (
2000, . 74-75). ,

,
.
,

, . ,
, , ,
,
, ,
.
,
() ,

.
,
,

. ,
:
-, .
- () -

. , ,

.
,
, .
. ,

.
, ,
( 1961,
. 218; 1975, . 57-59; 1992, . 38;
, 1985, . 126;
2000, . 53-57; 2005,
.68).
. ,
. ,
,

( 1975, . 59). ,

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192

.. .
. .

Y. O. Pugol ovok

To the Study of the Siverians

Fortification

. (-),
.
, , ,
, - , ,
, .

. -
.
.

. ,
.

Constructing their fortifications, the people

of the Romenska culture tried to use in full the
natural means and conditions in order to protect
their settlements. The construction of fortifications was performed in three stages: 1) prospecting (design and survey works), 2) muck-shifting,
3) carpenters work.
Among the archaeologically fixed fortification elements, peculiar to the Romenska fortifications, should be singled out such elements as
escarps, pseudo-escarps, wood-ground walls,
moats, berms, etc. Mostly the fortifications
were constructed of wood. Wood-ground walls
of Severians had pole and framework constructions. To the pole constructions belong paling
and the carcass-pole constructions with inside
filling. The framework constructions are represented with walls of palisade or the paling-cage.
The use of stones in the Romenska fortifications
is still point of discussion, as well as existence
special water headers in the Severians settlements.

: , , , .

Key word s: Dnieper Left Bank area, Sive

rians, Romenska culture, fortification.

,
raudbard@ukr.net, .: +38 050 988-62-25
36011 , . -11, . , 37

193

 903/904 (=511.1):[061.3/902]

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V 1908 . ,
1910-1911. . 1-3.
. ., . .
-


,
, :
:
, , -

. , -
,
-
.
: ,
, , -.
V.V. Skird a, I. N. Skird a
The Finno-Ugric Problematic
at the Archaeological Congresses
in the Ukraine
Out of the fifteen Archaeological Congresses
held in the Russian Empire the six took place in
the Ukraine: two in Kiev, and once in Odessa,
Kharkov, Ekaterinoslav and Chernigov. The study
of these congresses resulted conclusion that the
Finno-Ugric problematic was not a necessary part
of the Ukrainian congresses.
Key word s: Archaeological Congress, antiquities, fibula, Finno-Ugric.

, , . ..
e-mail: skirina1974@mail.ru
61077 , . -77, . , 4,

197

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198

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. .. ,
,

199

 874  . . 7. : . . .
: . , , , 2011. 200 . + 18 . .

ISBN 978-966-02-5429-9 ()

ISBN 978-966-8999-39-0 (. 7)

, , .
, ,
. .

902/904 (470+477):(=571.141)"08/09"
63.4(4 +4 )+63.3(0)4

.

.

: ..
: ..
: ..
: ..
15.11.2011. 6084/8. . .
. .-. . 21,77. . . . 23,25 + . 2,09. 305 .
. 167. . 3/2011.
: , . (053-2) 66-16-85

,
255 22.11.2000 .