(DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING)

FIQRI
NAZIRUL
HUDA
SYUHAIDAH
MAIZATULAKMAL
1.Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Gram positive bacteria (usually resistant to
lysis)
Cell wall- Peptidoglycan, polysaccharides, Cell
membrane- phospholipid, protein.
Usually associated with fermentation, under
conditions of salinity and low temperature.
-green technology, use compression media (i.e water) to create
homogenous dispersion.
-premixed liquid pass under high pressure (1450-21750 psi)
through a minute gap of the homogenizing valve.
-generate very high shear stress, intense turbulent flow in the
liquid, resulting in subdivision of the dispersion droplets and
their homogeneous distribution throughout the mixture.
-acts by disrupting non-covalent bonds without affecting the
covalent bonds.
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-does not cause metabolic injury (Wuytack et.al, 2003)
-Keep original freshness, flavour, taste and colour.
-widely used in pharmaceutic and food industry.
High pressure homogenization (Mechanical Force)
2.BEAD MILLS
Yeasts
More difficult to lyse with enzymes and
detergents than bacteria.
Bead beating is often used to crack open yeasts
for both nucleic acid isolation and enzyme
assays.
most widely used method to disruption of yeast
cells by agitation with glass beads (0.4-0.5 mm).
Breakage is variable, but can be well over 50%
(up to 95%).


Ball Mills (Bead Mills)
shear forces
grinding between beads
collision with beads
is a first-order process
used for tough-to-disrupt cells like yeast, spores,
and microalgae, and for large scale
disruption of fungi
also used for bacteria, and plant and animal tissue
ADVANTAGE VS. DISADVANTAGE OF BEAD MILL


ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
Fast rotation among other
grinder
No pre cleaning or post
cleaning
It can grind a lot of
materials easily and
effectively
Expense when
Save natural resource More heat, more power
consumption
Can grind different size and
shape of material
In continuous process
Very easy to use for
modern society
Bead mills occupies less
space