1

GPismacarBuT§sasna
kñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶
niBn§edayRBHetCKuN bNÐit Fmµbiy³
ERbsRmYledayPikçú siun Kg; jaNeCati

e)aHBum<pSayelIkTI1

vtþeBaFiEkvmanC½y¼ extþRBHvihar
]btßmÖeday
mitþBuT§sasnikma:eLsuI

B>s³ 2551 K>s³ 2007

2
 3

Buddhist Ethics
In Daily Life

By Venerable Dr. Dhammapiya

Translated by Bhikkhu S.K.©āÓajoti

First Edition

Bodhi Monastery/ Preahvihear

Sponsored By
Malaysian Buddhist Friends

B.E 2551 C.E 2007

 4
BinitüEksRmYlxøwmsar nigGkçraviruT§eday
-RBHmha esOg vuT§I vin½yFrGnuKNRsuksVayerog ¬smN
nisSitfñak;GnubNÐit ITBMU rgÁÚn shPaBmIya:n;ma:¦
-Pikçú b‘ut supl GnubNÐit BI MCU ¬)agkk¦ RbeTséf
-Pikçú G‘u¿ stßa sBØaabRtCan;x<s; ITBMU rgÁÚn
-elak em:A va:n TIRbwkSasßanTUtkm<úCa RbcaMshPaBmIya:n;ma:
-GñkRsI Fn; sMbUr ¬CaPriya¦

karIkMuBüÚT½reday
-Pikçú )a:l; cMerIn ¬FmµbriBaØabRt¦ ITBMU rgÁÚn mIya:n;ma
-elak em:A sIufa ¬GnubNÐit¦ ITBMU rgÁÚn mIya:n;ma

rcnaRkbmux nigTMB½reday
-Pikçú siun Kg;
 5
buBVkfaGñkbkERb

enAeBlEdl´kMBugsikSaRBHFm’ enAsaklviTüal½yBuT§sa-
snTUtefrvaTGnþrCati naTIRkugrgÁÚn shPaBmIya:n;ma: ´)anGan
esovePAenHcb;ehIy ´)anyl;fa esovePAenH)anrYmviPaKTanya:g
eRcInsRmab;sgÁmbc©úb,nñ CaBiesselIEpñkGPismacar nigsIlFm’
sgÁm Ep¥kelIRTwsþIBuT§sasnaTaMgRsug. eRBaHehtuenaH ´k¾mankar
cab;GarmµN_ya:gxøaMg kñúgkarbkERbesovePAenH eTACaPasaExµr
sRmab;BuT§sasnikExµrTUeTA EdlBMuGacGanCaPasaGg;eKøs)an.
bu:EnþeTaHCaya:genHkIþ ´KiteXIjfa eBlenH´kMBugsikSaeRkbyk
cMeNHdwgya:gmmajwk KYrEtBnüarhUtdl;bBa©b;karsikSasin.
´EtgEt)anTTYlGnusasn_l¥² EdlCakarelIkTwkcitþGMBIsMNak;
RBHmha dYg suKn§vDÆn_ nigRBHmha nYn efag Cajwkjab;fa
ebIeTaHbICaeyIgkMBugsikSak¾BitEmn bu:EnþRbsinebIGaceqøóteBleFIV
karNamYy edIm,I)anCaRbeyaCn_dl;BhuCnenaH CakarRbesIréRk
Elg. eday)anTTYlGnusasn_l¥² nigkarelIkTwkcitþGMBIsMNak;
elakTaMgBIrGgÁehIy dUcenH´k¾seRmccitþbkERbesovePAenH tam
karKYrdl;eBlevlaEdlTMenrbnþicbnþÜcBIkarsikSa.
´)ancab;epþImbkERbBIéf¶ 27 Ex FñÚ qñaM2005 rhUtdl;
éf¶TI 4 Ex kBaØa qñaM2006 eTIbcb;sBVRKb;. luHeBlcb;ehIy ´k¾
)anyksMeNAedIm¬sresréd¦ eTARbeKnRBHPikçú bu‘t supl
 6
nigRBHmha esOg vuT§I [elakCYyBinitü nigEksRmYlxøwmsar
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em:A sIufa edIm,IvaykuMBüÚT½r. luHeBlvaybBa©Úlma:sIuneRscehIy
´k¾RBIn ¬Print¦ecj ykeTACUnelak em:A va:n TIRbwkSasßan
TUtkm<úCa RbcaMenAshPaBmIya:n;ma: nigGñkRsI Fn; sMbUr CaPriya
[CYyBinitünigEksRmYlGkçraviruT§bEnßmeTot.
enAéf¶TI09 Exmina qñaM2007 ´)anCYbRBHetCKuNbNÐit
Fmµbiy³ kñúg»kasEdlelaknimnþmkcUlrYmsnñisiTsþIGMBIsakl
viTüal½yBuT§sasnaefrvaTGnþrCati enA ITBMU naRkugrgÁÚnenaH
´)anTTYlkarGnuBaØatBIelak [e)aHBum<pSayEckCaFmµTanedIm,I
CaRbeyaCn_dl;BhuCnTUeTA.
´dwgfa karbkERbBIPasamYyeTAPasamYyeTot EtgEtman
kMhusqÁaMqÁgedayGectna b¤k¾bNþalmkBIkaryl;GtßesckIþmin
)anc,as;las; edayRbkarNamYyenaH GaRs½yehtuenH ´sUm
GP½yeTasBIsMNak;GñkGanTaMgGs; nigsUmsVaKmn_cMeBaHkarriHKn;
kñúgn½ysßabna EklMG edaysuT§citþBIelakGñkR)aCJTaMgGs;.
CamYyKñaenHEdr ´sUmEføgGMNrKuNya:gRCaleRCA dl;
RBHmha niigelakGñkman]bkar³TaMgGs;. CaBiess RBHmha dYg
suKn§vDÆn_ nigRBHmha nYn efag EdlEtgEtCYyelIkTwkcitþ
´rhUtdl;karbkERbesovePAenH )ancb;sBVRKb;smtambMNg.
eqøótkñúg»kasenH sUmEføgGMNrKuNya:gRCaleRCA cMeBaH])asika
 7
Kim sIuemOn nig])asika evC¢bNÐit eLg ecglag enA
BuT§mNÐlvibsSnaFur³km<úCa ¬]dþúgÁ¦ EdlEtgEtykcitþCYy]btßmÖ
nigCYyelIkTwkcitþcMeBaHsmNnisSitExµrTaMgGs; EdlkMBugsikSaenA
ITBMU. elIsBIenHeTot ´sUmsEmþgnUvkardwgKuNd¾x<g;x<s;cMeBaH

Ék]tþm hu‘l panI ÉkGKÁraCTUtkm<úCa nigelakCMTav elak

em:A va:n TIRbwkSa nigPriya RBmTaMgshkarIsßanTUtTaMg Gs;
EdlEtgEtyk citþTukdak; nigTMnukbMrug TaMgsµartI nigsmÖar³
dl;smNnisSitExµrTaMgGs; EdlkMBugsikSaenAshPaBmIya:n;ma:.
fVIt,itEtkarbkERbenH RtUv)anbBa©b;CasßaBrk¾BitEmn bu:Enþ
vaminTan;)ane)aHBum<ecjCaesovePAenAeLIyeT BIeRBaHxVHxat
fvika. CaP½BVsMNag enAéf¶esAr_TI8 ExkBaØa 2007 ´)anTTYl
E-mail rbs;elak yU )an ¬Yu Ban¦ BIRbeTsma:eLsuI eday

Kat;mansT§aRCHføa kñúgkarCYye)aHBum<esovePA {GPismacar

BuT§sasna kñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶ } enH CaelIkTI1 kñúgeKalbMNgEck
CaFmµTandl;saFarNCn GñkmanesckIþRsLaj;kñúgkarGan kar
eQVgyl;GMBIBuT§sasna enAkñúgRsukExµr CaBiesscMeBaHyuvsisS
nisSitTUeTA. kñúgnamCaGñkbkERbpÞal; ´manesckIþesckIþeRtkGr
ya:gxøaMg eday)anTTYlkar]btßmÖfvika kñúgkare)aHBum<esovePAenH
BIeRBaH´)anTnÞwgrg;caM»kasenHCayUrmkehIy.
´sUmCUnnUvsBÞsaFukarBr cMeBaHelakGñkm©as;TanTaMgGs;
Edl)ancMNaykmøaMgFnFan eRCamERCgkare)aHBum<esovePAenH
 8
CaBiesselak yU )an nigRBHetCKuN CYn bu‘n sIum Edl)an
xñHExñgkñúgkic©karFmµTanenH kñúgeKalbMNgBRgIk pSBVpSayRBHBuT§-
»vaT [manesckIþrIkceRmInrugerOgteTA.
edayGMNacplanisgSenH sUm[RbCaCnkm<úCaTaMgGs;
TaMgbBVCit TaMgRKhsß namWunsBVmuxm®nþI )anCYbRbsBVEtesckIþsux
ekSmkSanþterogeTAkMubIkøayCaRbkardéTeLIy.

ITBMU rgÁÚn éf¶TI 11 ExkBaØa qñaM2007

Pikçú suin Kg; GñkbkERb

FmµbriBaØabRt
 9
GarmÖkfa

bc©úb,nñenH TaMgenAbc©imnigbUBa’RbeTs )andak;esckIþsMxan;

epþateTAelIRkmsIlFm’ nigbBaðasgÁmya:gxøaMgkøa. GPismacar
BuT§sasna CaRbePTénsmacarmYy EdlTak;Tgya:gsMxan;CamYy
sIlFm’ nigTidæPaBénCIvitRbcaMéf¶enAkñúgsgÁm ehIyTak;TgeTAnwg
maK’aCIvit nigkarGPivDÆEpñksµartI nigsgÁmFm’pgEdr. bu:EnþBuT§sa-
snikCaeRcIn mindwgBIrebobGnuvtþRTwsIþGPismacarBuT§sasna cMeBaH
TidæPaBenAkñúgsgÁmeLIy eRBaHehtuenaH ´sresresovePAenHkñúg
eKalbMNgedIm,IBRgIkesckIþsuxs¶b; sRmab;buKÁlEdlmanbMNg
cg;GnuvtþGPismacarBuT§sasna[RbRBwtþeTAkñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶.
cab;taMgBIeBlEdleK)anEtgtaMg´ CaTIRbwkSaRbcaMenAmCÄ
mNÐlsmaFitfaKtnaTIRkugsancUes rdækalIhV:jamk ´)anbeRgon
BIrebobGnuvtþRTwsIþGPismacarBuT§sasna dl;buKÁlEdlmanbBaða
nigbuKÁlEdl)anmkCYb´edIm,IsUmkarRbwkSa. kñúgbu:nµanqñaMfIµ²enH ´
)ankt;RtaTuknUvkrNICaeRcIn EdlTak;TgnwgbBaðasgÁm. ´)anpþl;
RTwsIþGPismacarBuT§sasna dl;BYkeKedIm,ICYydl;buKÁlenaH² [
edaHRsaycMeBaHbBaðaenaH ehIynaMpøÚv[BYkeKecHrs;enA kñúgesckIþ
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{GPismacarBuT§sasnakñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶ }enH mansar³sMxan;Nas;
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 10
cMeBaHkare)aHBum<pSayesovePAenH ´sUmEføgGMNrKuN
ya:gRCaleRCAdl;RBHetCKuN ] bNÐit Kg;enAbNÐitaram enAkñúg
shPaBmIya:n;ma:¬PUma¦ nigRBHetCKuNbNÐit sIlannÞaPivgS Kg;
enAFmµnnÞvihar RkughalmUn)ay rdækalIhV:ja shrdæGaemrik
cMeBaHesckIþemtþarbs;elak Edl)anpþl;Gnusasn_dl;´ nigelak
sa®sþacarübNÐit RKisþTan cUCIm ¬Christian Jochim¦ enAsakl
viTüal½yRkugsancUes cMeBaHbBaØad¾evogévrbs;elak Edl)anpþl;
eyabl;enAeBlEdl´kMBugeFIVkarRsavRCav nigkarBarniekçbbTfñak;
GnubNÐit nigelakGF½r cUhin ¬Arthur Cohen¦ cMeBaH\riyabf
RbkbedaykþIBüayam Edl)anCYypþl;GMNHGMNag Tak;TgnwgGtß
bTRsavRCavrbs;´. CaBiess ´sUmEføgGMNrKuNdl;sb,úrsCn
TaMgGs; Edl)ancUlviPaKTankñúgkare)aHBum<pSayelIkenH nigCacug
eRkaydl;smaCikén S.B.V.M.Society TaMgGs; Edl)anTTYlxus
RtUvkñúgkare)aHBum<esovePAenH.
éf¶TI 18 Ex]sPa qñaM 1998
bNÐit Fmµbiy³
mCÄmNÐlsmaFitfaKt
RkugsancUes rdækalIhV:ja Gaemrik
 11
matika
GtßbT elxTMB½r
buBVkfaGñkbkERb 5
GarmÖkfa 9
esckIþepþIm
GPismacarBuT§sasna nigbBaðaCamUldæan 14
\riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ 17
BuT§sasna nigRTwsþItb³ 20
mUldæanénGPismacarBuT§sasna 21
karGnuvtþGPismacarBuT§sasnakñúgsgÁm 22
CMBUk1
GPismacar nigkareFIVviPaKTan 24
karBicarNaGMBIRTBüsm,tþi nigPaBRkIRk 25
\riyabfrbs;BuT§sasnikcMeBaHRTBüsm,tiþ nigPaBRkIRk 28
etIBuT§sasnaeqøIytbcMeBaHbBaðaesdækic©edayrebobNa? 30
\riyabfkñúgkar[nigkarTTYl 32
TMnak;TMngrvagRBHsgÇ nigRKhsß 34
viPaKTan - TsSn³smÖarniym 36
CMBUk2
karb®Ba¢abcUlkmµTsSn³eTAkñúgsgÁm 39
BuT§sasnikCnrs;enAedaykmøaMgsµgrbs;xøÜn 41
 12
CMenOelIkmµ nigkarTIBwgxøÜnÉg 43
rebobénkar[plrbs;kmµ 44
kmµ - sgSar - niBaVn 47
TsSn³énvi)ak 51
TsSn³kmµ nigplvi)ak¬kmµpl¦ 52
CMBUk3
sIlFm’BuT§sasna nigsgÁmsm½yTMenIb 55
sgÁm nigtémøsIlFm’ 56
karGb;rMKWCatémørbs;sIlFm’ 58
sIlFm’mUldæansRmab;RKhsß 59
sIlFm’ nign½ymUldæanrbs;mnusSCati 63
BuT§sasna nigTMnYlxusRtUvsgÁm 64
RkmsIlFm’ nigTsSn³kmµ 72
CMBUk4
RBHFm’ ¬maK’aénCIvit¦ 76
buKÁlCaTIBwgxøÜnÉg 77
KuNFm’rbs;éRtsrNKmn_ 80
\riyabfBuT§sasnik cMeBaHesrIPaBsasna 83
BuT§sasna nigmaK’akNþal 85
pøÚvGmnaMmknUvbBaðasgÁm 92
Gtßn½yrbs;maK’akNþal 94
 13
CMBUk5
sIlFm’naMeTArkPaBeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’nigsµartI 99
esckIþsuxCIvitenApÞH¬RKhsߦ 101
karkarBar]Rkidækmµtamry³karBicarNatamEbbBuT§sasna 103
RBHsmµasm<úT§nigTMnak;TMngsgÁm 106
\riyabfBuT§sasnacMeBaHesckIþsux snþiPaB nigesrIPaB 100
CIvitEdlmin)anBinitüCakarrs;enAedayminmantémø 112
kartaMgcitþcugeRkayénCIvitBuT§sasnik 116
 14
esckIþepþIm

GPismacarBuT§sasna nig bBaðaCamUldæan

BuT§sasnaCasasnamYy EdlepþatsMxan;eTAelIrebobrs;
enAsRmab;mnusSTUeTA edaymincMeBaHEtRBHsgÇeT b:uEnþEfmTaMg
RKhsßpgEdr. eBlbc©úb,nñenH kñúgbc©wmRbeTs GPismacarBuT§sa-
sna RtUv)aneKelIkykmkBiPakSay:agpuspul nigTUlMTUlaybMput
esIÞrEtRKb;TIkEnøg dUcCa enAGWur:ub Gaemrik nig GU®sþalICaedIm
BIeRBaHGPismacarBuT§sasna eRbobdUcCapÞaMgKMnitfµIRsLagsRmab;
BYkelakxaglic. eTaHbICay:agenHk¾eday Cajwkjab;BuT§sasna
RtUv)anmnusSPaKeRcInyl;xus. ehIyrebobrs;enA nigkarRbtibtþi
rbs;BuT§sasnik manRBHsgÇ nigdUnCI ¬nun¦pgenaH RtUv)anTTYl
karriHKn;y:agxøaMgBIsMNak;mnusSPaKeRcIn. GñkriHKn;TaMgenaH rab;
bBa©ÚlTaMgBYkGñk Edl)anTTYlyknikayfIµrbs;BuT§sasnapg Edl
eKsÁal;fa :BuT§sasnamhayan : mnusSEdleBjcitþcMeBaHTsSn³
RBHeBaFistV ¬buKÁlR)afñaCaRBHBuT§kñúgeBlGnaKt¦ nigBYkbBaØvnþ
RBmTaMgGñkbkRsayCatixaglicmYycMnYnpgEdr.
RTwsIþBuT§sasnaxagedIm EdleKsÁal;fa {BuT§sasnaefrvaT
b¤ hInyan : KWCamaK’arbs;RBHmhaefr. edayeyagtamkarbk
Rsayrbs;buKÁlmYycMnYnenaHfa BuT§sasna)anRBegIykenþIycMeBaH
esvakic©sgÁm. ehIyBaküRbmaffa :hInyan : mann½yfayantUc
 15
enH KWeKsMedAykBuT§sasnaefrvaTenHÉg. TaMgGs;enH BIeRBaHkar
bkRsayRbvtiþBuT§sasnaxus tamBitkñúgRbvtiþsa®sþrbs;BuT§sasna
efrvaT manlkçN³xusKñaRsLHrvaghInyan. ebIeyagtamRbvtiþ
sa®sþ mhasgÇik ehIyeRkaymk )ankøayCaBuT§sasnanikay
mhayanenaH KWCanikaybeNþaHGasnñmYy CamYynikayefrvaT
Edr enAeBleFIVsgÁaynaelIkTI2. sgÁaynaenH R)arB§eFIVRbEhl
Ca100qñaMeRkaymhabriniBaVn kñúgrvagqñaM483munRKisþskraC. KW
eFIVeLIgedIm,IseRmcBIeyabl;xusKña kñúgcMeNamKN³sgÇ enAkñúg
RbeTs\NÐa. tamkarCak;Esþg karcab;epIþmBuT§sasna KWmannikay
EtmYyKt;EdleKehAfaBuT§sasnaxagedIm b¤RtUv)aneKsÁal;CaTUeTA
fa :BuT§sasnaefrvaT : enaHÉg.
enAsm½yeFIVsgÁaynaelIkTI3 eRkamRBHraCUbtßmÖrbs;RBH
)aT GesakFmµraC R)arB§eFVIenA235qñaMeRkayBuT§briniBaVn nikay
mhasgÇik )ancab;epIþmrIksuHsay ehIyCayfaehtu)anEckecj
CaeRcInsaxarYmTaMg eKakulik nigÉekaeBüaharik. luHeRkayBI
enaHmk mhasgÇik)an køayeTACaRTg;RTay b¤manTRmg;fµIrbs;
BuT§sasna EdlmaneQµaHsBVéf¶fa {mhayan}enaHÉg. eBlEdl
mhayan)ansßabnal¥ehIy eK)anEckRBHéRtbidkCaBIrRkum enAkñúg
salarbs;xøÜnKW RBHéRtbidkxagmhayan nigRBHéRtbidkxag
hInyan. TsSn³xusKñarvagnikayTaMgBIrenaH KWfamhayanepþat
elIkarCYyse®gÁaHCasakl )andl; RBHeBaFistVniym ¬eBaFistþ¦
. cMENknikayhInyan )andl; RBHGrhnþniym EdlmnusSeRcIn
 16
yl;minc,as; ehIyeBalfaCa buKÁlniym eTAvij. eRBaHehtuenH
BuT§sasnikmhayaneBalfa nikayepSg² EdlminRbtibtiþtam
maK’aeBaFistVdUcxøÜn CanikayhInyan ¬vRCyan b¤t®nþyan Edl
RtUv)aneKsÁal;fa BuT§sasnaTIeb BMuTan;)anbegIáteLIgenAeLIy
eTeBlenaH¦.
luHdl;500qñaM bnÞab;BIBuT§briniBaVneTA BuT§sasnaefrvaT min
manPaBsißtesßr enAPaKkNþalénRbeTs\NÐateTAeToteLIy b:uEnþ
RtUv)anpSayeTAPaKxagt,ÚgénRbeTs\NÐarYmman RsIlgáa PuUma éf
nigkm<úCaCaedIm. CakarBit BMumannikayhInyaneLIy enAkñúgRbvtiþ
sa®sþBuT§sasna enHRKan;EtCaBakübnþúHbg¥ab; rbs;BYkmhayan
cMeBaHnikayepSg²Etb:ueNÑaH dUcenH eXIjfaCakarRtwmRtUvNas;
kñúgkarniyayfa BuT§sasnaefrvaT ¬KµanGIVBak;B½n§CamYyhInyan
enaH¦ . srubmk vaxusKñaRsLHrvagBaküTaMgBIrenH b:uEnþeTaHCa
y:agenHkIþ sBVéf¶mnusSPaKeRcIn)aneRbIBakü{hInyan }enH kñúgkar
smÁal;faCa efrvaT edayyl;RcLMeTAvij.
sBVéf¶enH mnusSPaKeRcInenAEteRbIBaküxusfa : hInyan :
ehIysMedAdl;BuT§sasnaefrvaT. mYycMnYneTot )aneRbIBaküenH
edayectna enHBIeRBaHfa eKalbMNgBIeRkaykareRbIBaküenH rbs;
BYkmhayan KWfaBYkeKxøÜnÉg manGarmµN_fa]tþmCagBYkefrvaT
ehIyeKeCOfaeKaledArbs;eBaFistV RbesIrCageKaledArbs;RBH
Grhnþ. BYkeKsnµt;fa BYkefrvaTedIrtammaKa’tUcceg¥ót eday
sMedAykTsSn³RBHGrhnþ . tamBit manEtBYkefrvaTeT Edldwg
 17
nUvGVICaeKaledABitR)akdenaH. BuT§sasnikefrvaT eFVI[sµartImYy
kñúgcMeNamBIrKW eBaFistV nigGrhnþ GnuelameTACarbs;xøÜn
EteTaHCaya:genHkþI cMNab;GarmµN_rbs;bris½Tmhayan nigBYkbc©im
RbeTsmYycMnYn CasMxan;epþatelIeyabl;minRsbKña sþIBIGrhnþ
¬karRtas;dwgkñúgCatiCabc©úb,nñ¦. BYkeKyl;eXIjfa buKÁlEdl
EsVgrkPaBCaRBHGrhnþ RbtibtþiedIm,IeRsacRsg;xøÜnÉgenaH BuMxVay
xVl;BIsuxumalPaBsmgÁmeLIy. BYkeKk¾yl;RcLMpgEdr cMeBaH
TsSn³tb³niym edaysMedAfakarRbtibtþirbs;BYkefrvaT EdlBYk
eKeCOfa BMuskþismeTAnwgelakxaglicd¾TMenIbeLIy. BYkeKKitfa
buKÁl EdlR)afñakarseRmcGrhnþkñúgCatienH nwgRBegIycMeBaHsgÁm
ehIybuKÁl EdlRbtibtþitb³KWCabuKÁlGataµniym dUecñHBYkeKGHGag
famaKa’BuT§sasna )ankat;pþac;ecjBIsuxumalPaBsgÁmTaMgRsug
edayBit .
\riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ
CakarBit GPismacarBuT§sasnaefrvaTenH KWTak;TgeTAnwg
suxumalPaBsgÁm RBmTaMgGakb,kiriyarbs;xøÜnÉgpÞal;pgEdr.
dUecñH eXIjfamansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkareQVgyl;nUvCMenO nigkar
RbRBwtþrbs;BuT§sasnikefrvaT . ´sUmniyayfa BitNas;buKÁl
RtUvBwgBak;elIxøÜnÉg ¬ Gtþa hi Gtþena naefa ¦ b:uEnþbuKÁlk¾RtUveFVI
edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;GñkdéTpgEdr. \riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþTaMg
Lay KWedIm,IsuxumalPaB nigesckþIsuxrbs;GñkdéT BIeRBaHelak
 18
eBjcitþcMeBaH\riyabfrbs;RBHBuT§ RBmTaMgeBaFistVpgEdr. eTaH
bICaya:genHkþI BuT§sasnikefrvaTmanCMenOfa edIm,ICYydl;GñkdéT
mincaM)ac;taMgcitþtammaKa’eBaFistVeLIy BIeRBaHfaRbsinebIBYkeK
GacmanlT§PaBeFVI[seRmceKaledA nigbnÞM)armIkñúgCatienHpÞal;
BYkeKk¾GacCYyGñkdéT kñúgCatienH)anpgEdr ehIyPaBeCaKC½y
xagsµartIrbs;elak k¾nwg)anCaRbeyaCn_sRmab;GñkdéT . dUecñH
BuT§sasnikmYycMnYnenaH BMucg;rg;caMry³eBlyUr rhUtdl;CatieRkay
sRmab;karEsVgrkkarRtas;dwg¬seRmcFm’¦enaHeLIy BYkeKman
CMenOfa vamanlkçN³l¥RKb;RKan; sRmab;PaBeCaKC½y ¬karRtas;
dwg ¦ pÞal;xøÜnkñúgCatiCabc©úb,nñ edIm,ICYydl;GñkdéT nigCaRbeyaCn_
cMeBaHsuxumalPaBsgÁmpgEdr .
RBHGrhnþBüayamGs;BIkmøaMgkaycitþ edIm,IceRmInesckþIl¥
ceRmIn)armInigbBaØa. karGPivDÆEbbenH CakarBit kalebIbuKÁl
)aneXIj\riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ tYya:gdUcRBHGannÞ elak)ankøay
Ca]bdæak ¬GñkbeRmI¦ pÞal;rbs;RBHsm<úT§. enAeBlEdlRBHBuT§
RTg;Kg;FrmanenAeLIy RBHGannÞ elakRKan;EtCaesatabnñbuKÁl
bu:eNÑaH. elakCab;rvl;xVl;xVay cMeBaHsuxumalPaBrbs;GñkdéT
EdlCaehtuueFIV[elakBMumaneBlRKb;RKan; sRmab;seRmcmKÁpl
bEnßmeTot rhUtdl;RBHBuT§RTg;cUlRBHbriniBaVn. kñúg]TahrN_enH
BuT§sasnikeCOfa enAeBlbuKÁlkan;Etyl;c,as;nUvsPavFm’Bit
R)akd buKÁlenaHkan;Etmanemtþa kruNacMeBaHGñkdéT.
 19
buKÁlnwgmanemtÁaFm’d¾BitR)akd BMuEmnCaemtÁa EdlCab;
CMBak;edaytNðaRBmTaMgkruNaBitR)akd BuMEmnCakruNaRbkbeday
esckIÁesAhµg ehIybuKÁlenaHnwgykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHesckIÁsux
nigsuxumalPaBrbs;GñkdéT edaymeFüa)ayepSg². enHBIeRBaH
buKÁlenaHÉg)anyl;c,as;nUvTukçsc©³ EdlmnusSTaMgGs;P½yxøac BMu
h‘anRbQm nigyl;c,as;nUvesckIþsuxd¾éRkElg EdlmnusSRKb;
rUbEtgeBjcitþ. ´h‘ansnµt;fa RBHGrhnþTaMgLaymancitþesam-
nsSrIkray cMeBaHkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm eRBaHelakeBareBjeday
kruNa RBmTaMgcUlcitþcMNayeBlpÞal;xøÜn edIm,IesckIþsuxrbs;
stVelak. b:uEnþman]eTÞskfamYy hak;dUcCamanTuTidæiniym )anriH
Kn; nigvinicä½ycMeBaHbuKÁl EdlBüayameFIV[Cak;c,as;nUvRBHFm’
¬karRtas;dwg¦edayxøÜnÉgenaH. GñkniBn§CnCati\NÐamñak; eQµaH FI
r vI murti (T.R.V Murti) )anniyayfa : RBHGrhnþtMkl;citþmaMcMeBaH
EtkarseRmcxøÜnÉgb:ueNÑaH elakBMuEdlskmµedIm,ICaRbeyaCn_ RBm
TaMgsuxumalPaBrbs;GñkdéTeLIy. ]tþmKtirbs;RBHGrhnþ eBar
eBjedayPaBGatµaniym ehIymanEtkarlak;xøÜnbMBYnGatµa eday
elakxøacfa BiPBelakenHnwgTb;elakTuk RbsinebIelaksßitenA
ry³eBlyUr 1 :. ´sUmniyayfaesckIþEføgkarN_enH KWBMuGacTTYl

1
T.R.V Murti said that “The Arhant rests satisfied with achieving his own
private salvation. He is not necessarily and actively interested in the welfare of
others. The ideal of theArhant smacks of selfish; and there is even a lurking fear
that the world would take hold of him if he tarried here too long.”
 20
yk)aneLIy sRmab;buKÁlEdlsÁal;BI\riyabfrbs;RBHGrhnþ
cMeBaHesckIþsuxrbs;stVelakBitR)akd.
BuT§sasna nig RTwsþItb³
elIsBIenHeTAeTot BuT§sasnak¾RtUv)aneKriHKn;faCasasna
tb³ tamBitBuT§sasna BuMEmnCasasnadUcBMenalxagelIeLIy.
tb³niym KWCakarRbtibtþieFVIxøÜn[lM)ak Cavin½yrbs;sasna. enA
eBlEdlbuKÁlkøayxøÜnCatabs CaTUeTAeRcInEtRBegIycMeBaHBiPB
elak ehIyRbtibtþitammaKa’twgrwg dUcCaeFVIxøÜnÉg[lM)ak [QW
cab;CaedIm. eTaHbICaRBHsiT§tß )anRbtibtþitammaKa’enaHedayesay
Gahartic nigrhUtdl;Gt;esayesaH muneBlRBHGgÁ)anRtas;dwg
CaRBHBuT§kþI. Casrubmk RBHGgÁ)anRcanecalkarRbRBwtþenaH bnÞab;
BIRBHGgÁ)anRtas;dwg faminEmnCamaKa’naMeTArkkarrMlt;TukçeLIy.
eRkayBIRBHsiT§tß)ankøayCaRBHBuT§ehIy RBHGgÁ)anRtas;fa maKa’
rbs;RBHGgÁKWmaKa’kNþal¬Middle Way¦EdlTak;TgnwgmUldæan
énesckþIsuxrbs;sgÁm. tamry³maKa’enH KWRBHGgÁ)anRcanecal
pøÚvGmsgxagBIrKW³ Fm’NaEdleFVI[Cab;CMBak;edaykam ¬kamsux
løikanueyaK =Self-Indulgence) nigFm’NaEdlRbkberOy²
edayesckIþlM)akdl;xøÜn¬GtþkilmfanueyaK =Self-Mortificat-
ion). dUecñH maKa’CamUldæanrbs;RBHBuT§sasna KWCamaKa’kNþal
EdlnaMeTAkan;esckþIsux nigsnþiPaB RBmTaMgkarGPivDÆeq<aHeTArk
esckþIsuxxagkñúg ¬pøÚvcitþ¦ enaHÉg .
 21
mUldæanénGPismacarBuT§sasna
edIm,Iecosvagkaryl;xus cMeBaHkarRbtibtþiBuT§sasnaenaH
caM)ac;Nas; kñúgkareQVgyl;RTwsþImaKa’kNþal¬mCÄimmKÁ ¦ niglkç
x½NÐmunrbs;va. buKÁlnwgyl;kan;Etc,as; GMBIRbB½n§GPismacar
rbs;BuT§sasnaTaMgmUlenH KWBwgEp¥keTAelIGdægÁikmKÁ nigl½kçx½NÐ
rbs;vaenaHÉg.

maKa’GgÁR)aMbId¾RbesIrenH ´nwgelIkykmkBiPakSalMGitenA
eBleRkay bu:EnþGVIEdlCalkç½x½NÐedImrbs;vaenaH ? enHCaBakürbs;
RBHsm<úT§ : mñalPikçúTaMgLay¡ manlkçx½NÐBIr sRmab;;karekIteLIg
énsmµaTidiæ . BIrenaHKWGVI ? karpþl;eyabl;l¥dl;Gñkd¾éT ¬breta
eXaesa¦ nig eyaniesamnsikar . ktþadMbUgmann½yfa buKÁlKYr
esBKb;CamYysb,úrs nigklüaNmitþ/ TIBIrKWkarBicarNaeday
])ayd¾RbéB b¤KitGVIEdlCarbs;viC¢man ]TahrN_fa ekµgRbusmñak;
)aneFVI[EbkEkvedayécdnü ¬Gectna¦ eRBaH®sþICamþayenaHRbkb
edayGPismacarBuT§sasnax<s; mþayekµgenaH )anniyayeLIgfa
kMuxVl;ma:k;nwgTijfµImYyeTot. karN_enH nagniyayedIm,IlYgelam
ekµgEdlkMBugEtPitP½y eRBaHxøÜn)aneFVIeGay EkvEbkedaykar
eFVsRbEhs. kñúgcMeNamktþaTaMgBIrenH ktþaTImYycat;TukCa
briyakasxageRkA cMENkÉktþaTIBIr KWCal½kçx½NÐxagkñúg. RBH-
d¾manRBHPaKRTg;manbnÞÚlfa ktþaTaMgBIrenHKWCaehtu b¤RbFanén
 22
maKa’GgÁR)aMbId¾RbesIr eRbobdUcCaeBlRBwkRBham EtgEtedIrmun
RBHGaTitürHeLIgdUecñHEdr .
karGnuvtþGPismacarBuT§sasnakñúgsgÁm
GPismacarCaEpñkmYyénTsSn³viC¢a EdlTak;TgnwgsIlFm’
kñúgsgÁm. eyagtamsMdIelak )arUC eR)aDI ¬Baruch Brody¦
)anniyayfa : sasnaKWCavis½yd¾sMxan;myY epSgeTot sRmab;CIvit
mnusS EdlCajwkjab;Tak;TgnwgTsSn³viC¢a. mnusSPaKeRcInEtg
RtUv)anTTYlkarGb;rMtamEbbCMenOsasnad¾Cak;lak; ehIyCMenOenH
manGVI²d¾sMxan;CaeRcIn sRmab;rebobrbbrs;enArbs;mnusS. kal
edImeLIy CMenOsasnaBMuEmnCaRbFanbT sRmab;saksYreRcIneBk
eT BIeRBaHmnusSesÞIrEtTaMgGs;kñúgsgÁm kan;CMenOdUcKña. krNIdUc
enH minmanteTAeToteT : sgÁmmnusSbc©úb,nñ pÞúyeTAedayCMenO
sasna nigkarRbtibtþiepSg²Kña dUecñHsMnYrCaeRcInGacRtUv)aneKdak;
sRmab; CaRbeyaCn_dl;sgÁmTaMgmUl. TIenHeyIgsUmbgðajsMnYr
dUcCafa ³ etIGPismacaCYydl; ¬TidæiPaB¦ énCIvitkñúgsgÁm dUc
emþcxøH?
GPismacarBuT§sasna CYydl;sgÁmdUc)anBiBN’naenATMB½r
xagedImrYcmkehIy. GPismacarenH KWmanTMnak;TMngCamYybuKÁl
sgÁm nigsIlFm’ . enAkñúgesovePAenH RKbdNþb;edayGPisma
car5EpñkdUcCa³ 1-TsSn³Tak;TgnwgkareFVIviPaKTanRTBü nig
smÖar³niym 2-c,ab;kmµpl 3- sIlFm’BuT§sasna nigsgÁm
 23
sm½yTMenIb 4-rebobrs;enA¬mKÁúeTsn_CIvit¦ 5- smiT§iplsgÁm
nigsµartI . CadMbUg ´nwgBiPakSaGMBICMenOkñúgBuT§sasna EdlTak;
TgnwgkareFVIviPaKTanRTBüsm,tþidl;GñkdéT kñúgRbeTsGñkkan;
BuT§sasna .

 24

CMBUk1
GPismacar nigkareFIVviPaKTan
enAkñúgRbeTsénGñkkan;BuT§sasna RKb;CMhandMbUgénkar
Rbtibtiþ KWkarbric©aKTan. BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa kar[Tanman
\T§iBl eFIV[mnusSecHrs;enAcuHsRmugKñaenAkñúgsgÁm. tamTidæPaB
xagsasna planisgSénkar[Tan sRmab;buKÁlEdl)aneFIVenaH
CaKuNUbkar³d¾elIslb;. ehIykuslenHÉg nwgnaMbuKÁlenaHceRmIn
eLIgnUv)armI¬esckIþl¥¦ RBmTaMg)aneTAekItkñúgTId¾x<g;x<s; mansßan
sYK’CaedIm. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday vamansar³sMxan;Nas; kñúgkar
[TanCaRbRktInigRtwmRtUv ebImindUecñHeT kar[enaHnwgeTACamin
manPaBsuRkit RBmTaMgGacTTYlnUvkarriHKn;pgEdr ]TahrN_fa
manekµgmñak;cg;eFIVTan bu:EnþvaKµanGIVTal;EtesaH sRmab;RbeKnRBH
sgÇ ehIyvaeTAlYcRTBürbs;GñkdéT edIm,IykmkRbeKnRBHsgÇ
. kñúgkrNIenH TegVIrbs;ekµgenaHCaTegVImaneTasKYrriHKn; ebIeTaHCa
vamanectnaCakuslk¾eday. maK’aénkarRbtibtþi KWkar[TanenH
KWTak;TgedaypÞal;CamYytémø nigesckþIsuxrbs;sgÁm edayEp¥k
elIsIlFm’ GPismacar b¤jaNsm,yutþ.
eyIgCaRBHsgÇ KYrelIkTwkcitþdl;RKhsß kñúgkar[TanenH
ehIyeyIgeCOCak;fa kar[TanmanRbeyaCn_ nigsar³sMxan;y:ag
rs;revIkcMeBaHBuT§sasna. TsSn³énkar[TanenH sMedAdl;lkçN³
 25
Biessrbs;sIl b¤faCaRbePTénTegVI EdlGaceFVI[buKÁlkat;bnßy
PaBGatµaniym. TidæPaBénkarminRbkan;xøÜn nigminCab;CMBak;eday
RTBüsm,tþi bNþal[buKÁlrwtEtmanesckþIsux CamYyRTBüTaMgenaH
ehIyGac)anseRmcFm’Can;x<s; enATIbMputeTotpg. kar[TanenH
nwgpþl;planisgS EdlCakuslkmµrbs;xøÜn dUcCakarrs;enAbribUN’
edayRTBüsm,tþi nigPaBCaGñkmanPBVvasnal¥ TaMgkñúgbc©úb,nñnig
GnaKtCati.
karBicarNaGMBIRTBüsm,tþi nigPaBRkIRk
enAkñúgRBHBuT§sasna karmanRTBüsm,tþi b¤PaBRkIRkrbs;
buKÁlmñak;² KwGaRs½yeTAelIkmµBIGtItkal nigbc©úb,nñrbs;buKÁl
enaH² edayxøÜnÉgpÞal;. BuT§sasnikmanPaBP½yxøac cMeBaHkar
ekItCa mnusSRkIRkkMst;TuK’t dUecñHeTIbeKxitxMeFVITanKµansÞak;esÞIr
kñúgcitþ cMeBaHkareFIVTanenaH edaymansT§aeCOCak;y:agcas;køafa
sb,úrisTanEdlxøÜn)aneFVIehIy man\T§anuPaB[BYkeKmanPaB
cMrugceRmInrugerOg nigeCaKC½ykñúgCIvitrbs;xøÜn. karEckrMElk
RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn KwCakarbMeBjnUvTan)armI EdlCakarsnSM
nUvesckþIl¥ ehIykarsnSMenHÉg eFVI[mnusSeyIgGackat;bnßy
)annUvelaP³ KwesckþICab;CMBak; elaPln;Bn;RbmaNkñúgRTBü
sm,tþirbs;xøÜn minEtb:ueNÑaH Gac[xøÜnTTYl)annUvCatikMeNIt
d¾RbesIreTotpg. edaykarsnSMnUvTan)armIenHCaerOy² enATI
bMputnwgnaM[buKÁlenaH )anseRmcnUvkarRtas;dwg. BuT§sasnik
 26
k¾manCMenOEdrfa karEckrMElkRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn eTA[GñkdéT
KWCaesckþIl¥¬kusl¦ EdlGaceFVI[ ekItmanesckþIesamnsS
suxsnþiPaB TaMgGñk[TaMgGñkTTYl ¬bdiKÁahk³¦ ehIypla-
nisgSénkareFVITanenHeTotesat k¾CaesckþIsuxdumrmna nigkar
ÉkPaBKñakñúgsgÁmmnusSeTotpg.
GPismacarBuT§sasna CMruj[mnusSmanRTBüsm,tþi tam
smµaGaCIBKWkarciBa©wmCIvitRtUv R)ascakkarlYcbøn; qe)akedaysMdI
CaedIm. kalebImanRTBüsm,tþiehIy buKÁlGacnwgpþl;b¤pÁt;pÁg;
smaCikRKYsar nigmatabita edayvtßúcaM)ac;RtUvGaRs½ydUcCa Gahar
eRKOgesøókBak; TICRmk nigfñaMEkeraK RBmTaMgfvikasRmab;karGb;rM
dl;buRtFItaCaedIm. eyIgBMucaM)ac;mankarelaPln; cMeBaHRTBü
sm,tiþeBkenaHeT BIeRBaHvasßitenAeRkamGnic©taFm’ nigRbQm
cMeBaHGnþray5y:agKW³ TwkCMnn;1 ePøIgeqH1 karrwbGUsykeday
raCkar1 ecarlYcbøn;1 nigkaresBKb;)abmitþ1 . ehtuenH vaCa
karRbesIrNas; sRmab;buKÁlEdlR)afñaeFIVTan xN³eBlEdlRTBü
rbs;xøÜnsßitenAkñúgéd. BuT§sasnikRKb;rUb EtgEtbeBa©jTsSn³Ebb
enH dUecñHehIyeTIbBYkeKxitxMsgVat»hat edayBMuxøacenOyht;kñúg
karbMeBjkgkarkuslTaMgLay mankar[TanenHCaedIm.
kar[GMeNaydl;buKÁlEdlRtUvkar KWCakarRbtibtiþd¾]tþúgÁ
]tþm kñúgBuT§sasnaefrvaT. kar[RKb;RTg;RTayTaMgGs; RtUv)an
TTYlkarsresIr edayPkIþPaBy:agRCaleRCA ehIymanply:ag
éRkElg EdlminGacnwgKNnaTukCamun)an. karminCab;CMBak;
 27
énGñk[RtUv)ansEmþgecj nigGnuvtþ ehIyesckIþl¥rbs;Gñk[nwg
rwtrwgEtceRmIneLIg EdlnwgGaceFIV[buKÁlenaH rwtEtrIkrayCamYy
RTBüsm,tiþkñúgCatiCaGnaKtpg.
tamRbéBNIBuT§sasnaefrvaT eKaledAd¾sMxan;énkarbric©aK
Tan KWkarpÁt;pÁg;dl;PikçúsgÇ edayBYkTayk-Tayika. enHBMuEmn
mann½yfa ])ask-])asika GaceFIVkusl)anEtkñúgvtþGaramenaH
eT. CakarBit kar[TaneKGaceFIV)anRKb;TIkEnøgTaMgGs; dUcCa
enAmnÞIreBTü salaeron mCÄmNÐlekµgkMRBa b¤dl;CnTuK’tCaedIm
.l. b:uEnþeTaHCay:agNak¾eday enAkñúgGtItkalvtþGaram CakEnøg
sikSaGb;rM CakEnøgbNþúHbNþalCMnajepSg² dUcCaCag sil,³
k,ac;cmøak;CaedIm nigCakEnøgEdl])ask ])asikaBiPakSa nigsþab;
Fm’Gaf’-l. dUecñH vtþGaramhak;dUcCakEnøgEtmYyKt; EdlmnusS
TUeTAeFIVkgkarkuslepSg²mankar[TanenHCaedIm. enAmanTsSn³
mYyeTot EdlEtgEtsßitenAkñúgcitþrbs;BuT§sasnikKW RbsinebIBYk
eK[RTBüsm,tiþrbs;xøÜndl;buKÁlmansIl BYkeKnwgrwtEtTTYl)an
planisgS y:agRbesIreBalKWesckIþsuxenHÉg. ehtuenH CaTUeTA
BuT§sasnik kan;EtykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkar[Tan sRmab;karsag
sg;vtþGaram nigkapÁt;pÁg;RBHPikçúsgÇ BIeRBaHeKeCOfaRBHsgÇman
sIlFm’x<g;x<s;CagGñkdéTTaMgGs;. b:uEnþeTaHCaya:genHk¾eday k¾
BYkeKeRtkGrcMeBaHkareFIVTandl;CnkMst;TuK’t BIeRBaHBYkeKman
karGaNitGasUr nigmanesckIþkruNadl;CnTaMgenaH. BitNas;
kruNaFm’CasIlFm’RKwHrbs;BuT§sasna.
 28
\riyabfrbs;BuT§sasnikcMeBaHRTBüsm,tiþ nigPaBRkIRk
´sUmniyayfaPaBRkIRk nigPaBsm,Úrsb,ayedayRTBü
sm,tiþ manPaBpÞúyKñadac;RsLHtamEpñkesdækic© b:uEnþmanTMnak;
TMngKñaedayRTwsIþvij KWCnRkIRkEtgEtmancMNg;cg;)anRTBüsm,tiþ
t,itxøÜnBMumanlT§PaBEsVgrkbc©½y CaeRKOgGaRs½y)andUcCaGahar
semøókbMBak; TICRmk nigfñaMsgáÚvsRmab;EkeraK.l. tamn½y
BuT§sasna )ancat;TukvtßúTaMgbYny:agenH CatRmUvkarcaM)ac;sRmab;
CIvit. CnRkIRkRtUvkarRTBüsm,tiþ eRBaHPaBxVHxat b:uEnþGñkman
RTBüsþúksþmÖ k¾RtUvkarRTBüEfmeTot dUcCaLan TMenIb viLasáwmésá
RBmTaMgcg;)anPriyad¾Rss;s¥at1rUbpgEdr. BYkeKBMusáb;sál;cMeBaH
RTBüsm,tiþEdlxøÜnmaneLIy dUecñHGñkRknigGñkmannwgenAEtBMuman
tulüPaBnwgKñadEdl.
sBVéf¶ PaBeRskXøankMBugEtekIneLIgya:gxøaMg. tamkar
RsavRCavxagEpñkesdækic© BIrPaKbIénGRtaRbCaCnBiPBelak kMBug
rgTukçBIkgVHxatGaharUbtßmÖ edaysarPaBRkIRk nigrgTukçya:gKYr[
GaeNacGaFm BIeRBaHEtGtulüPaBkñuúgviPaKTanRTBüsm,tþi nig
RbPBFnFan. BYkeKkMBugEtxVHxatnUvbc½©y CatRmUvkarsRmab;kar
pÁt;pÁg;rs;enA ehIyBYkeKrs;enAeRkambnÞat;PaBRkIRk enAkñúgxN³
eBlEdlGñkmanmYycMnYntUc rs;enAkñúgRbNItPaB eBareBjeday
GaharUbtßmÖd¾elIslb;. dUecñHkarbeRmIbRmas;tichYs nigeRcInhYs
RbmaN )ankøayCabBaðasRmab;sgÁmnaeBlbc©úb,nñenH.
 29
tamFmµCati tRmUvkarrbs;mnusSmñak; KWKµanTIbBa©b;enaHeT .
CalT§pl vahak;dUcCaBi)akNas; kñúgkareFIV[mantulüPaBrvag
Gñkman nigGñkRk eRBaHehtuenH´sUmniyayfa BuT§sasnaminGac
edaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH[)anCak;lak;eT. BuT§sasnikCn min)an
BüayamkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaenH[eBjeljeT eRBaHBYkeKeCOfa
erOgenHKWmkBIkmµ ¬KWkarRbRBwtþrbs;buKÁlmñak;²¦ kñúgGtItkal nig
bc©úb,nñenH. dUecñH vamankarBi)akkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaenH eBalKW
karbegáIt[mantulüPaBrvagGñkRknigGñkman. b:uEnþBuT§sasnikCn
)anBüayamCYydl;CnRkIRk kñúgkarbMeBjnUvtRmUvkarrbs;BYkeK
ehIyBüayamEckrMElknUvRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜndl;CnTaMgenaH. kar
RbRBwtþEbbenH RtUv)anTTYlkarsresIrya:gxøaMg BIsMNak;BuT§sas
nikCnTUeTA.
BuT§sasnikCn )anGnuvtþkar[TanenH taMgBIeBlEdlRBH
BuT§RTg; Kg;RBHFrmanenAeLIyem:øH. eyageTAtamRbvtþisa®srbs;
BuT§sasna enAstvtSTI5munRKisþskraC CMnYjnigBaNiC¢kmµman
karGPivDÆya:gsem,ImenAkñúgRbeTs\NÐa. BYkGñkeFIVdMeNIrtam
reTHFM² )aneFIVdMeNIrBIkEnøgmYyeTAkEnøgmYy BIRbeTsmYyeTA
RbeTsmYyeTot manBYkBaNiC¢kr BYkGñk[cgkarR)ak;CaedIm.
RbsinebIbuKÁlNa)andwgBIrebobrkR)ak;enaH eKnwgkøayCaesdæICa
minxan. sav½krbs;RBHBuT§mñak; EdlCaGñksagvtþeCtBnCaTIkEnøg
EdlRBHBuT§GgÁRTg;Kg;caMvsSaeRcInCagkEnøgdéT KWCaRKhsßman
eQµaHfa suTtþ . Kat;EtgEt[Tandl;CnTuK’t CnGnafa CaedIm
 30
eRBaHehtuenaH eTIbmnusSRKb;KñaEtgEtehAKat;fa {GnafbiNÐik{
mann½yfaGñkciBa©wmCnRkIRkGnafa.
eTaHbICaBuT§sasna BMu)anCMruj[eyIgCab;CMBak;kñúgRTBü-
sm,tþik¾eday EtBuT§sasna)anGb;rMeyIg[rlas;xøÜnecjBIPaBRkIRk
BIeRBaHfaPaBRkIRkenHehIy eFIV[eyIgCYbRbTHnUvbBaðalM)akCaeRcIn
kñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶. enAeBlEdlbuKÁlFøak;xøÜnRkIRk buKÁlBMuGacpÁt;
pÁg;RKYsarrbs;xøÜn manGahar eRKOgesøókBak; TICRmk nigfñaM
sRmab;EkeraKCaedIm)aneLIy b¤[kUnTTYl)ankarGb;rMl¥ RKYsar
TaMgmUlTTYlrgTukçedayRbkarepSg² rhUtdl;manCMBak;bMNuleK
k¾man. RTBüsm,tþikan;EtfycuH CIvitkan;EtCYbbBaðalM)akeRcIn
eLIg² ehIyxN³eBlm©as;bMNulTar ehIyBMuMmanlT§PaBsgeK
tameBlkMNt;enaH m©as;bMNulnwgtamyayIkñúgTIsaFarN_. dUecñH
BuT§sasnik)ancat;Tukfa PaBRkIRkCaRbPBénesckIþTukç TaMgpøÚvkay
nigpøÚvcitþkñúgCIvit b¤faCaRbPBénesckIþGaRkk;RKb;ya:g.
etIBuT§sasnaeqøIytbcMeBaHbBaðaesdækic©edayrebobNa?
BuT§sasna)ansgát;F¶n;fa caM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarEsVgrkRTBü
sm,tþi ehIyeRbIR)as;tamsmKYr RBmTaMgkarEckrMElkdl;GñkdéT
pgEdr. EteTaHCaya:gNa RTBüsm,tþienaH² RtUvEtrk)anmkeday
Rsbc,ab; enHmann½yfa)anmkedayminqe)ak KMramkMEhg eRbI
GMNacrMelaPbMBanCaedIm. BuT§sasna )aneqøIytbcMeBaHbBaðaesdæ
kic© edaykaremIleXIjbBaðaPaBRkIRknigPaBsm,ÚrhUrehor enHKW
eRBaHEtFnFanesdækic©minesµIPaBKña. edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkard¾xøaMgkøa
 31
rbs;xøÜn mnusSmñak;²)anykcitþTukdak;Et cMeBaHRbeyaCn_rbs;
xøÜnpÞal; ehIyeRbIviFIepSg²TaMgRsbc,ab;xøH minRsbc,ab;xøH edIm,I
TTYl)anRbeyaCn_enaH². edaysarRbB½n§esdækic© BMumantulüPaB
enHehIy eTIbGRtaRbCaCnGt;Xøan ecHEtekIneLIgkñúgBiPBelak
sBVéf¶enH.
BuT§sasnaCanimitþrUbmFüm¬kNþal¦ )anbeRgonmnusS[
sÁal;RbmaNkñúgkareRbIR)as;RTBü nigRbB½n§énkarEckrMElkFnFan
esdækic©dl;KñaeTAvijeTAmk. edIm,I[kan;Etc,as; ´sUmelIkerOg
mkCUnCabTBicarNadUcxageRkamenH - sm½ymYy RBHraCanam
besnTiekasl )aneTAKal;RBHd¾manRBHPaK eRkayBIesayePaCn
ya:geRcIn ehIymanGarmµN_gguypÞMú BMuRsYlRBHkaypg kñúgxN³
EdlKg;enAQmnwgRBHP½®kþCamYyRBHsasþa. RKaenaH RBHsm<úT§RTg;
)anRbTan»vaT GMBIRbeyaCn_énkardwg nigsÁal;RbmaN kñúgkar
briePaK ehIyRBHGgÁk¾)anTUnµandl;RBHraCapgEdr kñúgkarkat;bnßy
GahartamsmKYr nigEckrMElkGaharenaH² RBmTaMgRBHraCRTBü
dl;CnRkIRkkMst;TuK’tpg. eRkayBI)ansþab;BueT§avaTenHehIy RBH
raCamanGarmµN_l¥Rss;føa RsYlRBHkayeLIgvij. TIbMputRBH
GgÁ)anEckrMElkRBHraCRTBüdl;GñkkMst;TuK’t CnGnafa kñúgRBH
nKrrbs;RBHGgÁ tamBuT§»vaTRbkbedayesckIþRCHføa rIkrayCaBn;
RbmaN.
eyIgeCOfaRTBüsm,tþienH Kwmin)anbBa©b;nUvkarbMeBjesckIþ
RtUvkarrbs;xøÜn)anedayÉkÉgenaHeLIy KµannrNamñak;GacbMeBj
 32
tRmUvkarrbs;xøÜnedayFmµCati)aneLIy. buKÁlenaH² eRbIR)as;nUv
RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜnya:gQøasév edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_xøÜnnigGñkdéT.
dUecñHBuT§sasnikCn EtgEtniyayfa karEsVgrkRTBüsm,tþiKW edIm,I
pÁt;pÁg;RkumRKYsar[rs;enARsYlpg nigecHCYyGñkdéTpg RbsinebI
GaceFIVeTA)an enAeBlcaM)ac;NamYy ehIyRtUvecHbMeBjnUvkatBV
kic©sgÁmnigsasnapgEdr. eyagtamBuT§sasna buKÁlEdlman
bMNgEsVgrkRTBüsm,tþi KYrRtab;tamstVXµúMEdlEsVgrkpáa ehIy
eRkbyklm¥gpáamkeFIVCasMbukbnþicmþg² rhUtdl;sMbukenaHRtUv
)aneFIVehIyrYcral;. enAeBlEdlRTBürbs;buKÁlekIneLIg buKÁl
KYrEteRbIR)as;vaCabYnPaKKw BIrPaKsRmab;eFIVvinieyaK eBalKWkar
sagsg;pÞH karGb;rMdl;buRtFIta nigsRmab;karFanara:b;rgesva
suxPaBCaedIm mYyPaKeTotKWsRmab;Gahar eRKOgesøókBak; ehIy
mYyPaKcugeRkay KwsRmab;snSMTukkñúgFnaKarCakEnøgmansuvtßiPaB
sRmab;TukkarBareRKaHGasnñ EdlnwgGacekItmaneLIgeTAéf¶mux2.
\riyabfkñúgkar[ nigkarTTYl
BYkBuT§sasnikCn)anniyayfa kar[TanenHKWminRtwmEt[
b:ueNÑaHeTEtk¾TTYlpgEdr. enHmann½yfa RKhsß)anRbeKnnUv
smÖar³epSg² CaGamisTandl;RBHsgÇ ehIyedayELk RBHsgÇ

2
/ eyagtamesovePAGanisgS30fa ³ 1/ edaHbMNulcas;KWciBa©wmmatabita
2/ bulbMNulfIµKWciBa©wmbuRt 3/ kb;TukkñúgEpndIKWeFIVTan 4/ bg;kñúgeRCaHKWbg;
kñúgTVarTaMg6 manTVarmat;CaedIm.
 33
k¾)an[TanKWFmµTan dl;BYkRKhsßvijEdr. kñúgTidæPaBEbbenH BYk
RKhsßk¾manesckIþrIkray kñúgkarGnuvtþ[TanenH BIeRBaHBYkeKKit
fa enHCa»kasmYyya:gRbesIr sRmab;BYkeKkñúgkarsEmþgnUvkar
eKarBbUCacMeBaHRBHsgÇ CabuKÁlmanKuNFm’KYrbUCa. eRBaHCMenOenH
ehIy eTIbBYkeKnaMKñasagGMeBICakusl mankar[TanenHCaedIm.
BitNas; TaMgRKhsß nigRBHsgÇ)anTTYlRbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmk
sRmab;karRbtibtþiKWkar[TannigkarTTYlTan enH.
TanmanBIrya:gCamUldæanKW TI1 GamisTan )andl;kar[
smÖar³eRbIR)as;dUcCaGahar semøókbMBak; pÞHsEm,g ¬esnasn³¦
nigfñaMEkeraK.l. CaTUeTATanenHKWBYkRKhsßCaGñkRbtibtþi. TI2
KwFmµTan )andl;kar[Fm’CaTan mandUcCakarsMEdgFmµeTsna kar
e)aHBum<esovePAFm’ EckCaFmµTan .l. TanTaMgBIrenH RtUv)an
eKGnuvtþya:gTUlMTUlayenAkñúgBuT§sasna.
enAeBlBuT§sasnikCn[Tan BYkeKmaneKalbMNgepSg²
GaRs½yeTAtamlkçN³rbs;buKÁlerog²xøÜn. CatYya:g KMrUénkar[
TanBIrya:g xusKñaEdl)anGnuvtþedaybuKÁlBIrrUbKW GnafbiNÐik
Edl)ansagvtþeCtBn;fVayRBHbrmsasþa nigRBH)aTevsSnþrEdl
)anbric©aKnUvRBHraCRTBü GKÁmehsI buRtabuRtI nigdMrIsbc©½ynaeKn
KWedIm,IbMeBjnUvTan)armI. kñúgcMeNambuKÁlTaMgBIrenH GnafbiNÐik
[Tan edIm,I)ankMeNItd¾RbesIr nigR)afña[)anseRmcFm’Can;x<s;
Etb:ueNÁaH. cMENkÉRBH)aTevsSnþrvij [TanedIm,IbMeBj)armIkñúg
kar)anRtas;CaRBHsBVBaØÚBuT§ nigdwknaMstVelak[rlas;xøÜnecjput
 34
BIesckIþTukçTaMgLay edayGMNacénmhakruNaTiKuNd¾RCaleRCA
rbs;RBHGgÁ.
TMnak;TMngrvagRBHsgÇ nigRKhsß
eyagtamvin½ybidk RBHsgÇBwgBak;RKhsßedaybc©½ybYn
man cIvr biNÐ)aRt esnasn³ nig KilanePsC¢³ RBmTaMgbrikçar
caM)ac;epSg²eTot. RBHsgÇTTYlcgðan;BITayk-Tayika enAeBl
RBwkedaykarRtac;edIrbiNÐ)aRt b:uEnþCYnkalelak)anTTYlkarnimnþ
eTAtampÞH edIm,ITTYlsgÇTanpgEdr. enHCaTMenomTmøab;rbs;
BuT§sasnikCnefrvaT kñúgkarRbeKncgðan;biNÐ)aRt dl;RBHsgÇenA
tampÞHrbs;xøÜn¬sgÇTan¦ b¤BYk])ask nig ])asikaGacnwgyk
cgðan;eTARbeKnelakenAÉvtþGaram.l. karRbtibtþiEbbenH )an
bgðaj[eXIjBIrebob EdlRBHsgÇmanTMnak;TMngKñaCamYyRKhsß
CaRbcaMéf¶. ehIyenHCakarcaM)ac;Nas; sRmab;RBHsgÇkñúgkaryk
citþTukdak;cMeBaHsb,úrsTan nigkarpÁt;pÁg;RbcaMéf¶rbs;BYkBuT§bris½T
. RBHsgÇkan;EtxitxMBüayamceRmInnUvKuNFm’ CaesckIþl¥rbs;xøÜn
edIm,IesckIþRCHføarbs;BuT§bris½T. dUecñH karnimnþRtac;edIrbiNÐ)aRt
RbcaMéf¶ nigsb,úrsTanrbs;RKhsß )anqøúHbBa©aMgBITMnak;TMngKña
eTAvijeTAmkrvagRBHsgÇnigBuT§bris½T.
eyIgCasgÇmanTMnYlxusRtUvcMeBaHPaBsucrit esckIþéføfñÚr
kñúgsgÁm CakartbsñgcMeBaHkarpÁt;pÁg;rbs;BuT§bris½T. TMnYlxus
RtUvd¾Cak;lak;rbs;sgÇKWkareRbonRbedA karpþl;Gnusasn_dl;BuT§
 35
bris½T BIrebobrs;enARbkbedayPaBsucriteTogRtg; rs;enAkñúgPaB
éføfñÚr smCasmaCikl¥mYyrUbrbs;sgÁm. karRbtibtþitamry³kar
RbwkSarbs;BuT§bris½T GñkdwknaM Gñkrdæ)al GñkRKb;RKg nigsUm,Iesþc
edIm,ICYyBYkeK[kan;EtmanKuNFm’ nigkarRbRBwtþedIm,ICaRbeyaCn_
dl;CnanuCnTaMgLay. {GñkRKb;RKgrdæ)al mankatBVkic©dak;KuN
Fm’ nigtYnaTIedaysgÇwmfaxøÜnGnuvtþCak;Esþg sRmab;CaRbeyaCn_
dl;saFarNCn nigedIm,IkarGPivDÆ esckIþl¥rbs;buKÁlmñak;² nig
sgÁmCatiTaMgmUl.
BuT§sasna min)anCMruj[mnusSCab;Bak;B½n§nwgclnaneya
)ayeT b:uEnþeTaHCaya:genHkIþRBHsgÇ BMu)anRBegIykenþIycMeBaHkar
RbwkSadl;GñkdwknaMneya)ayeLIy dUcCaRBHraCa m®nþIrdæ)al
CaedIm . eyagtamBuT§sasna RBHraCaRtUvRbkbedayFm’10ya:g
b¤ehAfa TsBiFraCFm’ KW³ Tan1 sIl1 bric©aK³1 GaCöv³1 mTÞv³1
tb³1 GekáaF³1 GvihwgSa1 xnþI1 GvieraFn³1 3.
ebIeTaHbICa TsBiFraCFm’enH sMedAykcMeBaHEtRBHraCa
k¾eday b:uEnþFm’enHk¾KWsRmab;GñkdwknaMGnuvtþtamEdr dUecñHmann½y
fam®nþIrdæ)alsaFarN³ k¾RtUvGnuvtþFm’enHpgEdr. Rtg;cMNucFm’
10ya:genH TsSn³énkarEckrMElk¬bric©aK¦FnFan[GñkdéT Gac
manTsSn³epSgKña rvagbUB’anigbc©wmRbeTs.

3
/ TsBiFraCFm’TaMg10enH cUremIlesckIþBnül;enAkñúgesovePA RBH)aTFmµik
rbs; FmµbNÐit ehg mNIcinþa eTotcuH.
 36
viPaKTan - TsSn³smÖarniym
kñúgTsSn³bc©wmRbeTs BYksmÖarniymmanCMenOfa RTBü
sm,tþi KYrEtRtUveRbIR)as;edIm,IbMeBj tRmUvkarrbs;mnusS. BYkeK
KitfadMeNaHRsayd¾RtwmRtUvcMeBaHbBaðaKW edIm,IbMeBjesckIþRtUvkar
rbs;mnusS. eyagtamsMdIelak Baruch Brody {smÖarniym
KWCaRTwsþIGPismacarEdlBMuGacpøas;bþÚr)aneLIy }. mann½yfa
vaTak;TgCamYynwgkarbegáItplitpl CaGtibrimasRmab;karbMeBj
tRmUvkarrbs;mnusS. cMeBaHBYksmÖarniymenH sMnYrminEmnCa
sMnYrényutþiFm’ smFm’ b¤siTi§mnusSeLIy pÞúyeTAvijvaCarebob
ya:gsamBaØ kñúgkareFIVviPaKTanRTBüsm,tþicMeBaHsgÁm kñúgmeFüa
)ayEdlbegáInGtibrma edIm,IbMeBjtRmUvkarrbs;mnusS.
eKalkarN_CaesckIþsuxd¾elIslb; rbs;BYksmÖarniym KW
edIm,ICYy[¬mnusS¦ seRmc)annUvesckIþsuxd¾elIslb; kñúgcMnYn
ya:gsem,Im . eKeCOfabuKÁlEdlmanRTBüsm,tþieRcInmhasal
KYrEtmankarEckrMElk dl;CnGñkmanRTBütictYcsþÜcesþIg. eTaHbI
CaviPaKTand¾tictYck¾ Kg;)anCaCMnYydl;CnRkIRk edIm,IbegáInnUvesc
kIþsuxrbs;BYkeK)anxøH²Edr. ]TahrN_ famanmnusSBIrnak;Edl
manFnFanxusKña dUcCafabuKÁlmñak;manRTBümhasal EdlGac
niyay)anrab;rylanduløar_ cMENkmñak;eTot manRTBütictYcNas;
¬mYyryduløar_¦. dUecñH ebIGñkmanenaH )an[R)ak;mYycMnYndl;
GñkRkenaH buKÁlGñk[RKan;EtGs;R)ak;tictYcbMput b:uEnþGñkRk
 37
enaHvij TTYl)anR)ak;cMnYnd¾elIslb; EdleKGacbMeBjnUvtRmUv
karrbs;xøÜn)anedaygay. ehtuenHelak Baruch Brody
eBalfa {RbsinebIkareFIVviPaKenaH TajykesckIþsniñdæan[)ansm
ehtusmplenaH vanwgbgðajfa sgÁmKYrEtEbgEckRTBüsaCafIµ
rhUtdl;mnusSRKb;Kña mancMnYnR)ak;esIµkñúgbrimaNCak;lak;NamYy
enaH } b:uEnþBYksmÖarniymtictYcNas; Edl)anTTYlykesckIþ
snñidæanenH.
edayELk BuT§sasna )anelIkTwkcitþdl;GñkmanRTBüsþúk
sþmÖ [EckrMElkRTBürbs;xøÜn [dl;CnRkIRkpg eRBaHfaTanCaTegVI
EdlGac begáItplmanesckIþsux manRBHniBaVnCaTIbMput. b:uEnþeTaH
Caya:genHkþI KµankarGHGagNamYyfa CnGñkmanRTBüsþúksþmÖGac
nwgEckrMElkRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn rhUtdl;RKb;KñamancMnYnesIµKñaenaH
eLIy. BuT§sasnikCneCOfa kmµrbs;buKÁlmñak;² Edl)aneFIVkñúg
kalmun nwg[plepSg²Kña tYya:gmnusSmñak;CaGñk manpÞHsáwmésá
nigRTBüsm,tþimhasal kñúgxN³EdlmnusSdéTCaeRcIn manpÞH
tUcdUcxÞm ehIyKµanRTBüGIVTal;EtesaH. ´yl;RsbCamYybuKÁl
EdlxVl;xVaycMeBaHRTBürbs;xøÜn faetIKYrEteFIVkarbric©aK b¤TukCa
sm,tþirbs;xøÜnEtmñak;Égdac;mux enHCaCeRmIsrbs;BYkeK. dUecñH
eXIjfaBMuGaceFIVeTA)aneT kñúgkareFIV[mnusSRKb;KñamanRTBüsm,tþi
esIµKña b¤Rbhak;RbEhlKñaenaH. sßanPaBrbs;buKÁlmñak;² BIGtIt
Cati GacbNþal[BYkeKmansßanPaBxus²KñaEdr. TsSn³BuT§sa-
snaRtg;cMNucenH RtUv)aneKsÁal;fa {kmµ { enHKWTsSn³kmµpl.
 38
dUecñH eTaHbICa\riyabfBuT§sasnikCn manlkçN³Rbhak;RbEhl
KñaeTAnwgBYksmÖarniymk¾eday b:uEnþGPismacarrbs;BuT§sasna
xusKñadac;RsLHBI\riyabfrbs;BYksmÖarniymedayBit.

cb;CMBUk1

 39

CMBUk2
karb®Ba¢abkmµTsSn³eTAkñúgsgÁm
karbBa©ÚlTsSn³kmµpleTAkñúgsgÁm KWmanRbsiT§iPaB nig
manRbeyaCn_ya:gsem,Im sRmab;BYkBuT§sasnikCnTUeTA RbsinebI
buKÁl)anyl;GMBIrcnasm<½n§rbs;c,ab;kmµenH [)anRCaleRCA vanwg
CYypþl;nUvcMeNHdwg kareQVgyl;GMBBI uT§»vaT sIþBIPaBRkRkInig PaB
sMbUrrugerOg edayRTBüsm,tþikan;Etc,as;eLIgEfmeTot. eyag
tams½BÞkñúgBuT§sasna kmµ CaPasa)alI b¤km’ CaPasasM®sáit
esIµnwgBaküfa TegIV CaPasaExµr. TsSn³kmµplenH KWedAykTegIV
RKb;ya:g EdlRbkbedayectna ehIyvanwghucpldl;GñkeFIVtam
pøÚvNamYyCaR)akd. vi)ak¬pl¦exSayb¤xøaMg KWGaRs½yelITegIVedIm
EdlRbkbedayectnaenaH. ebIRbsinectnarbs;buKÁlGñkeFIV man
kmøaMgxøaMgkøa bnÞab;mkectnaenaH nwgbegIátnUvskmµPaBya:gxøaMgkøa
ehIyskmµPaBenaH nwg[plekIneLIgxøaMgEdr. elIsBIenHeTAeTot
eyIgeFIVkmµedaykay vaca citþ. CakarBit kmµCac,ab;ehtupl
¬Cause and Effect¦ b¤skmµPaB nigRbtikmµ. dUecñHRTwsIþkmµ
plmanlkçN³xusKñaBIRTwsIþyutþiFm’ ¬Moral justice¦ b¤kar
RbTanBr nigkardak;eTas ¬Reward and Punishment¦
EdlCab;Tak;Tg CamYyGaTieTB ¬God¦4.
4
RTwsþIEdlmanniyayenAkñúgsasnaRKIsþ ¬minEmnyutþiFm’kñúgRbB½n§tulakareLIy¦.
 40
RTwsIþényutþiFm’Tak;TgnwgTsSn³GaTieTB mnusSCaeRcIneCO
fa RBHGaTieTBCaGñkbegIátc,ab; ehIyenAcaMkat;kIþvinicä½y faGIVRtUv
GIVxus-l. TsSn³énkarRbTanBrnigkardak;eTas KWGaRs½yelIRBH
GaTieTB. pÞúyeTAvij kmµCac,ab;;FmµCati Cab;CamYykmµenH KWCa
skþanuBlénkar[plrbs;kmµ eBalKWmanehturEmgmanpl enHCa
c,ab;rbs;FmµCati. kmµeRbob)annwgRKab;BUCEdlEtgpþl;Epø eRBaH
ehtuenH kmµCac,ab;FmµCatimYy ehIyKµanGIVCab;Bak;B½n§CamYy
TsSn³yutþiFm’ EdlRKb;RKgedayRBHGaTieTB b¤vtßúskþisiT§idéTenaH
eLIy. ehtuenH cMeBaHBuT§sasnikCnTaMgLayvij karsÁal;fa
nrNaCaGñkTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHTegIVrbs;xøÜn eTIbCakarsMxan;Nas;
RbesIrCagkardwgfanrNaCaGñkbegIátelak ehIyelakenHekIt
eLIgenAeBlNa?
eK)ansYreyIgjwkjab;fa etIehtuGIVmnusSxøHmanRTBüsþúk
sþmÖ mnusSxøHTIT½lRk? ehtuGIVGñkxøH manrUbs¥at mansuxPaBl¥
mankIþsux kñúgxN³EdlGñkdéTmanrUbGaRkk; bribUN’edayBüaFi
RbkbedaykIþTukç lM)akeTAvij? ehtuGIV)anCaFmµCatitRmUv[man
lkçN³xus²KñadUecñH? cMeBaHsMnYrTaMgenH RTwsIþrbs;BuT§sasnaRtg;
TsSn³kmµpl)anlatRtdagya:gBisþar. BuT§sasnasMEdgfa Kµan
nrNamñak;GacekItmkedayKµanbuBVehtu nigvtþmanénbc½©ysMxan;
mYycMnYnenaH)aneT. dUecñH Civitbc©úb,nñ KwCab;Tak;TgnwgCIvitkñúg
GtIt edaymanehtuenHehIy eTIbmanCatifIµbnÞab;BIlHelakenH
eTA. ehtubc©½yenH RtUv)aneKsÁal;tamRTwsþI {bdic©smub,aT }.
 41
BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfa GaRkk; l¥ s exµArbs;buKÁlNamYy
KW)anmkBIkarsageLIgrbs;buKÁlenaHedaypÞal; mann½yfabuKÁl
sagsYK’ sagnrkedayxøÜnÉgya:gBitR)akd. eRBaHehtuenH sgÁm
BuT§sasnik )andak;TsSn³kmµenH ya:gTUlMTUlaycUleTAkñúgkar
gar BaNiC¢kmµ karGb;rM bBaðasgÁm nigkardMkl;xøÜnCaedIm.l.
BuT§sasnikCnrs;enAedaykmøaMgsµgrbs;xøÜn
edIm,ITTYlykTsSn³kmµplenH KWRtUvrs;enAedaykmøaMg
sµgrbs;xøÜn. enAeBlBYkBuT§sasnik cab;epIþmGaCIvkmµFuntUcb¤FM
eKEtgEtnwkeXIjdl;GaTiPaBBIrya:gKW³ CadMbUg KWedIm,IeFIV[)an
TTYleCaKC½yenaH KWm©as;GaCIvkmµenaH RtUvBwgEp¥kelIkarxitxMRbwg
ERbg nigbTBiesaFn_rbs;xøÜn. TIBIr BaNiC¢krRtUvBwgeTAelIkmµrbs;
xøÜnpgEdr. TsSn³enH nwgCYybuKÁl[rs;enAkñúgPaBs¶b;suxCamYy
smaCikRKYsarrbs;xøÜn BIeRBaHfa RbsinebIBaNiC¢kmµ)anTTYleCaK
C½y buKÁlnwgminmancitþRkGWtRkTmcMeBaHxøÜnÉg ehIyebIBaNiC¢
enaHmin)anTTYlPaBeCaKC½yvij buKÁlnwgminman karbenÞasxøÜnÉg
b¤GñkdéTeLIy.
GPismacar)anpþl;nUvmKÁúeTsk_y:agc,as;famantRmUvkar4
ya:g sRmab;buKÁlEdlxVl;xVay kñúgkic©kareFIV[seRmceCaKC½y
edayxøÜnÉgenaHKWTI1 buKÁlRtUvmanmrtkKWkmµkñúgGtIt nigbc©úb,nñ
¬bueBVktbuBaØta¦ ]TahrN_ ebIRbsinbuKÁlekItmkCaCnBikar dUcCa
xVak;EPñkCaedIm eXIjfamanPaBlM)aksRmab;buKÁlenaH kñúgkarEsVg
 42
rkPaBeCaKC½yEpñkGb;rM b¤BaNiC¢kmµ. edayeyagtamTsSn³BuT§-
sasna BikarPaBEpñkragkay enHbNþalmkBIkmµkñúgbuBVCati. TI2
buKÁlRtUvrs;enAkñúgTId¾smKYr ¬bdirUbeTsvas¦ ]TahrN_ ebIRbsin
buKÁlminman»kasrs;enAkµñúgTId¾smKYr sRmab;karGb;rM b¤eFIVGaCIv
kmµepSg²enaH eXIjfavamankarlM)akNas; kñúgkarkøayxøÜnCabuKÁl
eCaKC½y. TI3 buKÁlRtUvman»kasesBKb;mitþl¥ ¬sb,úrisUb-
nisSy¦ ]TahrN_ ebIRbsinbuKÁlBMuman»kas)anesBKb;mitþl¥eT
man«Bukmþay elakRKUGñkRKU jatisac;saelahitEdlecH TMnuk
bMrugsRmab;kareFIVBaNiC¢kmµ karsikSaGb;rMCaedImenaHeT vamankar
lM)akeRcInsRmab;buKÁl kñúgkarkøayxøÜnCaGñkmaneCaKC½ykñúgGaCIB
rbs;xøÜn. cugeRkay buKÁlRtUvmankmøaMgcitþ edIm,Idmál;xøÜneday
RbéB ¬GtþsmµabNIFi¦.

tamTsSn³BuT§sasna kardmál;xøÜn b¤mKÁúeTsn_xøÜnmansar³

ya:grs;revIk edIm,IPaBeCaKC½ykñúgkarGIVmYy BIeRBaHebIKµankar
dmál;xøÜn KWkartaMgcitþenaHeT BitCaBi)akkñúgkareFIVxøÜn[eCaKC½y ebI
eTaHCamankarKaMRTBI«Bukmþay sac;jati mitþPkiþya:gNak¾eday.
BuT§sasnikCnPaKeRcIn )anyl;RsbKñafacMNuccugeRkayenH man
sar³sMxan;bMputkñúgcMeNammKÁúeTsn_TaMg4enH. karyl;BITsSn³
enH BuT§sasnikCnmanbMNgrs;enAedaykmøaMgsµgrbs;xøÜn sRmab;
dMeNIrd¾Evgq¶ayenH.
 43
CMenOelIkmµ nig karTIBwgxøÜnÉg
kareCOelIkmµenHmann½yfa buKÁlRtUvrs;enAedaykarTIBwg
xøÜnÉg bu:EnþmanbBaðamYyya:gF¶n;F¶r Edl)andak;mkelIBuT§sasna
edayBYkbBaØvnþCatielakxaglic EdlKYr[kt;smÁal;bMputenaHKW
elak ma:kS evbW ¬ Max Weber ¦. Kat;)anniyayfa } eRBaH
EtmUldæanRKwHénBuT§»vaT nigkarepþatCakNþalGMBIeKalelakutþr³ KW
RBHniBaVn eTIbBuT§sasnaminmanGPismacarsgÁm nigesdækic©Na
mYyKYrkt;smÁal;eLIy }. ´BMuyl;RsbnwgKat;eT eRBaH´eCOfaKat;
BMu)anyl;Gtßn½yrbs;BakükmµenH [)anRtwmRtUvenaHeT. BuT§sas
nikCnBit minEdlePøcGMBIc,ab;kmµeT enaHKWTMnak;TMngrbs;kmµkñúg
GtIt nigbc©úb,nñ. dUecñH Kat;kan;EtxitxMedIm,IbegáInFnFan sRmab;
karrs;enACamYysmaCikRKYsar kñúgCIvPaBmYyd¾RbesIr Rbkbeday
suxsnþiPaB. maK’asuxsnþiPaBkñúgTIenH mann½yfaBuT§sasnikCn
minmanbMNg edIm,I)anRTBütamry³xusc,ab; nigmeFüa)ayGyutþi
Fm’enaHeLIy eRBaHEtBYkeKmanCMenOelIc,ab;kmµenaHÉg. BuT§sas
nikCnmanCMenOfaTegIVl¥ EdlRbkbedaykarxitxMRbwgERbgrbs;xøÜn
GacbegáIt b¤rkSanUvTegIVl¥rbs;xøÜnGs;kalrkTIbMputKµan.
BuT§sasnikCn manPaBRbugRby½tñkñúgkarrs;enARbkbeday
PaBrugerOg nigesckIþsux edayBYkeKdwgfa edIm,IeFIVkar[)anxøaMg
køaenaH KWminRtwmEtedIm,IEsVgrkcMNUlTwkR)ak;d¾sn§wksn§ab;enaHeT
bu:EnþRtUvrs;enAedaysuxsnþiPaBCamYysmaCikRKYsarrbs;xøÜnpgEdr
 44
. GPismacarBuT§sasna )ancg¥úlbgðajfa >>>>>>>>> bMNgkñúgkar
begáInRTBüsm,tiþrbs;xøÜnedayxusc,ab; nigedaymeFüa)ayGyutiþ-
Fm’enaH vaR)akdCanwgbgábBaðaCaeRcIncUleTAkñúgRKYsar. ehtuenH
BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfatémøRKYsarBitR)akdekIt eLIgedayc,ab;
nigTegIVyutþiFm’ KWkarrs;enAkñúgsnþiPaB suxdumrmna PaBman)an
rbs;RKYsar mansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;BuT§sasnikCn bu:Enþvamin
caM)ac;niyayfaPaBman)anenH EtgEtbegIátesckIþsux sniþPaBenaH
eT. dUecñH vaminEmnCakarBiteT kñúgkarniyayfa kñúgGPismacar
BuT§sasna{ mhicätakmµepþateTAelIkIþsgÇwménkarceRmInsmÖar³ nig
RTBüsm,tþi}. CakarBit TsSn³kmµminmanbc©½yRKb;RKan;enAeLIy
eT pÞúyeTAvij KWepþateTAelIKMniténkarTIBwgxøÜnÉg.
kar[plrbs;kmµ
BuT§sasna)anpþl;nUvTsSnkmµ CamYynwgdMbUnµanya:gc,as;
las;. CakarBit kmµKWCaRTwsIþmUldæanRKwHrbs;BuT§sasna ebIRbsin
buKÁlminmanCMenOkñúgkmµ nigkar[plrbs;kmµ eXIjfamankar
lM)akkñúgkarGnuvtþ¬Rbtibtiþ¦BuT§sasna dUcCakar[Tan rkSasIl
nigkatBVkic©sgÁmCaedIm. sgÁmnigvb,Fm’rbs;BuT§sasnikCn KWBwg
Ep¥keTAelIRTwsIþkmµenaHTaMgmUl. ]TahrN_ enAeBleyIgeXIj
kumarmñak;manbMNgcg;smøab;stVbkSI eyIgnwgniyayfa }ehtu
GIV)anb¥Ún b¤kµÜyÉgeFIVdUecñH? ebIkµÜyÉgeFIVdUecñH KWCakarRbRBwtþ
Gkuslkmµ ehIyR)akdCanwgTTYlpldUcKña EdlCaGkusl
 45
vi)akminxan. eday)ansþab;nUv»vaTl¥BIeyIgdUecñHehIy ekµgenaH
GacnwgedaHElgstVbkSIenaHBIkarQWcab;Pøam BIeRBaHvaxøacpl
rbs;kmµCaGviC¢man. ehtuenH eyIgeXIjfa mansar³sMxan;Nas;
kñúgkareQVgyl;BItYnaTIrbs;kmµ kñúgkar[plkñúgkal³eTs³
epSg²Kña.
eyagtamBuT§sasna kmµnwg[pledayviFIbYnya:gdUcxag
eRkam³
1¦ kmµ[plPøam²Tan;nigEPñk ¬TidæFmµevTnIykmµ¦ kmµ
enH[plPøam² kñúgCIvitCabc©úb,nñ. ]TahrN_fa mankUnRsImñak;
)anRcanmþayrbs;nagBIelIpÞHCan;TI5 ehIyCaplvij k¾maneKeFIV
dUecñHcMeBaHnagvij b¤k¾RtUvCab;KukCaedIm.
2¦ kmµ[plkñúgeBlxagmux ¬]bbC¢evTnIykmµ¦ KWkmµ
EdlmanplkñúgCatiCabnþbnÞab;eTA. ]TahrN_fa evC¢bNÐitmñak;
)aneFIV[GñkCm¶Wmñak;xVak;EPñkedaykar[fñaMxus eRBaHKat;xwgsm,aCa
mYyGñkCm¶WenaH ehIyenACatiCabnÞab; Kat;nwgxVak;EPñk edayeBor
tamsñg.
3¦ kmµ[plminmankalkMNt; ¬GbrabrevTnIykmµ¦
KWkmµ[plkñúgCatiNamYy bnÞab;BIlH elakenHeTA.
4¦ Gehasikmµ KWkmµEdlplminmanGMNac[pl b¤)at;
bg;nUvskþanuBlPaBrbs;xøÜn dUc]TahrN_faCaRKab;BUCeRkommin
GacnwgbegáItCakUneQIteTAeTot ya:gNamij kmµTaMgLayrbs;
 46
RBHGrhnþ minGacnwg[plteTAeToteLIy ebIeTaHCaelakeFIVkmµ
CakuslCaeRcInya:gNak¾eday.
eyagtamBuT§sasna kmµ ¬TegI¦V enH nwg[plRbesIr ebI
Rbsinectnarbs;buKÁlenaHl¥ EdlmindUcCasmÖar³niym ¬RTwsIþEdl
l¥ ebIRbsinplénkmµenaH nwgbegáItsuPmgÁld¾elIslb;dl;mnusS
mancMnYnya:gsn§wksn§ab;¦. pÞúyrTAvij BuT§sasna)anepþatkar
ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkarbegáItectnal¥ RbesIrCaCagkarbegIátnUv
suPmgÁld¾elIslb;éncMnYnmnusSya:gsn§wksn§ab;enaH¦ BIeRBaHfa
tamFmµCati ectnaCakuslnwg[plya:gl¥edayBitR)akd. dUecñH
BuT§sasnikCnEtgEtykcitþ Tukdak;cMeBaHectnamunnwgeFIVnUvTegVI
epSg². BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa BMucaM)ac;eFIVkarRbwgERbg sRmab;
RbeyaCn_éntémø nigekrþ×eQµaHrbs;buKÁlxøÜnÉgeLIy pÞúyeTAvij
buKÁlKYreFIVnUvTegIV EdlRbkbedayectnaCakusl nigRbkbeday
GMeBIminmaneTas nig\riyabfEdlKµanKuNvibtþi. CalT§pl KuN
témø nigkitþiysrbs;buKÁl nwgcUlmkrkbuKÁlenaHedaysV½yRbvtþi
BIeRBaHTegIVrbs;buKÁlenaH CaTegIVEdlKµaneTas nigKYr[sJb;EsJg
eBareBjedaykitþiysBit².
enAeBlbBaðakan;EtsµúKsµaj nigminGacedaHRsay)anenaH
BuT§sasnikCn nwgkan;EtykcitþTukdak;CamYyTidæPaBsIlFm’ Ca
CagTidæPaBepSg²eTot. cUreyIgRkeLkemIl bBaðarbs;burskMst;
mñak; EdlmanRbBn§ejonfñaMemIl_. ]bmafaRbBn§Kat;nwgsøab; Rbsin
ebInagmin)ansarFatufñaMejonbEnßmeTotenaH dUecñHbursenaHKµan
 47
CeRmIsGIVeRkABIeTAlYcfñaMejon eRBaHKat;BuMmanlT§PaB nwgTijfñaM
enaH)aneLIy. Tak;TgnwgbBaðaenH BuT§sasnikCnmñak;nwgeqøIyfa
{RbesIrNas; ´nwgmineFIVdUecñaHeT ¬enaHmann½yfaKat;nwgminlYcfñaM
edIm,IRbBn§Kat;eLIy¦}. ´KitfaenAmanviFIepSgeTot eRkABIkar
lYcenaH ]TarN_faKat;GaceTAx©I b¤cg;karR)ak;eKCaedIm. bursenaH
R)akdCaminlYceK ehIyRbBn§rbs;Kat;GacrYcputBImrN³eRKaHpg
Edr. ebIRbsinKat;lYceK Kat;GacCYyse®gÁaHRbBn§Kat;)an EtKat;
R)akdCaRtUvcUlKuk ehIyRbBn§Kat;nwgmanCm¶WenaHeLIgvij enAeBl
EdlnagBMuGacTTYlfñaMeTot eRBaHehtuenH viFId¾RbesIrKWkarEsVgrk
meFüa)ayepSg²kñúgkarrkluyedayBMucaM)ac;eTAlYceK.
kmµ - sMsar³ - niBaVn
BuT§sasna)anpþl;nUvbJsKl;énsµartI nigsgÁmdl;mnusS
TUeTAeBalKWsmiT§isgÁm nigsmiT§isµartIhñwgÉg. smiT§isgÁm )andl;
esckIþeBjcitþrbs;buKÁlCamYynwgRTBüsm,tiþ. ]TahrN_faenA
eBlbuKÁlmanCMenOelIkmµ køayCaGñkmanRTBüsþúksþmÖ buKÁlenaH
nwgmanectnal¥ kñúgkarEckrMElknUvRTBüsm,tiþrbs;xøÜndl;GñkdéT
t,it RTBüTaMgGs;enaH RbkbedayGnþray5ya:g dUcCa TwkCMnn;
ePøIgeqH RtUvrwbGUsykedayraCkar ecarlYc nigGnþrayeday
karesBKb;)abmitþ. enAeBlbuKÁlCamnusSRkIRkvij buKÁlenaH
nwgminbenÞasGñkdéT ehIyminRcENnCamYYyGñkdéT EdlmanCag
xøÜneLIy. pÞúyeTAvij buKÁl)anyl;BIbc©½ytak;EtgBIGtItCati
 48
nigbc©úb,nñ EdlCaplrbs;kmµ eRBaHehtuenH buKÁlGacTTYl)an
esckIþeBjcitþxagsgÁm )anyl;GMBcI ,ab;kmµya:gc,as; ehIyKµan
bBaðaeLIy ebIeTaHCaBYkeKmanb¤Rkya:gNak¾eday.
smiT§ixagsµartI KWCasmiT§iEdlTak;TgeTAnwgesckIþeBjcitþ
EpñksµartIedayBit. ]TahrN_ enAeBlbuKÁl)anyl;c,as;GMBI
c,ab;kmµenH eTIbbuKÁlenaHnwgeBjcitþCamYyGIVEdlKat;man. Kat;
nwgKitfa vaCakarRbesIrehIy kñúgkarmanbc©½yTaMgLay dUcCa
Gahar eRKOgesøókBak; TICRmk nigfñaMsgáÚv sRmab;EkeraK. buKÁl
nwgBicarNafadrabNaeKmanvtßúTaMgenH enaHRbesIrNas;sRmab;
BYkKat;. karsáb;sál;RbePTenH RtUv)ancat;TukCaesckIþeBjcitþxag
sµartI²enHnaMmknUvsuxsnþiPaB. CakarBit esckIþeBjcitþRbePTenH
nwgmandl;buKÁleBjeljTaMgRsug)an enAeBlbuKÁlenaH²)an
seRmcFm’ eBalKWkarRtas;dwg.
RbsinebI buKÁl)anyl;BITsSn³kmµBitR)akd buKÁlnwgman
karRbugRby½tñya:gxøaMg cMeBaHTegIVrbs;xøÜn eRBaHfabuKÁlyl;fa
mnusSnigstVmanCIvitTaMgLay EtgEtmanGnÞak;dEdl² eBalKWTukç
eRBaHkarekIt. CMenOya:gsamBaØrbs;mnusSenAelIBiPBelakenH KW
faviBaØaNsßitenAxageRkAbnÞab;BIlHelakenHeTA viBaØaNrbs;mnusS
b¤stVnwgbnþrs;enAtamGakas Twk b¤kñúgTIepSg²eTot edIm,InwgEsVg
rklMenAfµI sRmab;viBaØaNmnusS b¤stVenaHCaedIm tamBitKµanviBaØaN
EbbenHenAbnþmanenAkñúgelakenHeT. tamTsSn³BuT§sasnaefr-
vaTEdlehAfa viBaØaN enaH)andl;citþenaHÉg ehIycitþminmanenA
 49
xageRkAeLIy vaRKan;EtCadMeNIrénectsik EdlCab;Tak;Tgeday
ehtubc©½yBImYyeTAmYybu:eNÑaH.
RbePTéndMeNIrenH maneQµaHfa {sgSar³{ CaPasa)alI
mann½yfa {vdþ karvilvl;ekItsøab; } b¤ }GenÞaleTAmkmþgehIy
mþgeTot }. dMeNIrrbs;namrUb¬citþnigkay¦ ecHEtbnþekIteLIgmþg
ehIymþgeTot eBalKw ekItehIyeFIVdMeNIreTACacas;Cra BüaFi søab;.
dMeNIrenHeQµaHfa {vdþCIvit { ¬life cycle¦. niyay[kan;Et
segçbenaH {sgSar³} KWxn§R)aMEdlminGacbMEbk¬Rkum5 KW rUb evTna
sBaØa sgçar viBaØaN¦ EdlEtgEtERbRbYlBImYyxN³eTAmYyxN³.
vdþynþkarénkarekItsøab;enHRtUv)an RKbdNþb;kñúgcRkvaLEdlCa
kmµvtßúénkarrlt;vinas nigekItCafµI. tamBuT§sasna dMeNIrénvdþ
CIvitenH nwgRbRBwtþeTAedayKµanTIbBa©b;eT,Iy luHRtaEtbuKÁl)an
seRmcniBaVn.
BuT§sasnikCn)anRbtibtþicMeBaHTsSn³kmµ nig sMsar³enH
CaRbcaMéf¶ya:gTUlMTUlay. BuT§sasna )anpþl;nUvGnusasn_dl;
mnusS[dwgBIrebobGnuvtþtamTsSn³enH BuT§sasnikCn)ansRmb
xøÜnnwgCIvitRbcaMéf¶CamYynwgTsSn³kmµ sMsar³Canic©. ]TahrN_
kalebImnusSCaTIRsLaj;Føak; xøÜnQWF¶n;edayCm¶WEdlGacbNþal
[søab;)andUcCm¶WmharIkCaedIm dUecñHedaykaremIleXIjGñkCm¶W
mankarQWcab; buKÁlenaHk¾BicarNaya:gRCaleRCAfa {CIvitKWCaTukç}
CaCagt¥ÚjEt¥rBIPaBlM)aklMbin esckIþTukçenH. GñkCm¶WEtgEt
BicarNaBIkmµrbs;xøÜnÉgpÞal; ehtuenHcitþrbs;buKÁlenaHk¾nwgs¶b;
 50
manesßrPaB. karyl;BITsSn³kmµ nigsMsar³enHmansar³
RbeyaCn_xøaMgNas;dl;BuT§sasnikCn.
CakarBit bBaða nigsMNagGaRkk;CaeRcIn EdleyIgminnwk
sµandl; GacnwgekIteLIgcMeBaHeyIgRKb;eBlevla. BuT§sasnik
CnmanCMenOfa bBaðaRbePTenH eBalKWCaEpñkmYyénesckþITukçkñúg
sMsar. CaTIbMput BYkeKR)afñaedIm,I)anseRmcnUvRBHniBaVn EdlCa
kEnøgbBa©b;TukçTaMgGs; tamry³GdægÁikmKÁ eBalKWpøÚvd¾RbesIr bu:Enþ
BuT§sasniikCnmanbMNg kñúgkarbegáItesckIþsuxs¶b;CaRbcaMéf¶ tam
ry³karecHsáb;sál;cMeBaHsmÖar³kñúgsgÁm b¤edaykarceRmInsmaFi
muneBlBYkeK)anseRmcFm’cugeRkayeBal KWkareFIV[Cak;c,as;nUv
RBHniBVan.
edayemIleXIjcMeBaHesckIþTukçrbs;GñkdéT b¤manPaBP½y
xøaccMeBaHTukçrbs;xøÜnpÞal;BuT§sasnikCn )anxitxMEsVgrkPav³minecH
søab;eBalKWRBHniBaVn. Bakü)alI {niBaVn { b¤ {niva’n { CaPasa
sM®sáit mann½yfa {sabsUnü } pøúMrMlt; eBalKWpøúMBnøt;ePIøg ¬ePIøg
elaP³ eTas³ nigemah³¦. niBaVnenH CaTsSn³BuT§sasna Edl
mann½yfakarrMedaHecjputBIsMsar³.
RBHBuT§)anbeRgonBITsSn³Gntþa ¬minEmnxøÜn¦ niBaVnCasPav³Et
mYyKt; EdlKYrCabTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜn cMeBaHbuKÁlEdlkMcat;bg;nUv
skáayTidæi. xN³EdlmnusSRKb;KñamanbTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnkñúgCIvit
EtniBaVnCasPav³mYyepSgBIBakü b¤TsSn³samBaØ.
 51
buKÁlGacnwgsYrfa { etIcMNucsMxan;énTsSn³kmµ sMsar³
nigniBaVnCaGIV? eyagtamRTwsIþBuT§sasna cMNucsMxan;enaHKWfaRbsin
ebIbuKÁlyl;BIc,ab;FmµCati yl;ehtunigplenH)anya:gc,as; buKÁl
nwgBinitüya:gm:t;ct;cMeBaHTegIVrbs;xøÜnpÞal; ehIybuKÁlkan;EtxitxM
bMeBjkusl niglHGMeBICaGkusl [Gs;BIsmtßPaBEdlxøÜneFIV
)an. CalT§plvij eBlenaHnwgmanmnusSl¥kan;EteRcIneLIgenA
kñúgsgÁm EdlkñúgenaHbBaðakñúgRKYsarRtUv)ankat;bnßy suxPaB
RKYsarkan;EtRbesIreLIg kñúgcMeNamsmaCikRKYsarTaMgGs;. mnusS
manCMenOelIkmµ nigyl;BIkmµBitR)akd nwgrs;enAl¥RbkbedaykIþ
suxsnþiPaBrugerOg eRBaHehtuenH BYkeKk¾nwgeBjcitþrIkrayeday
sIlFm’Canic©.

TsSn³énvi)ak
RKwHénTsSn³kmµ manlkçN³RsedogKñaeTAnwgTsSn³vi)ak
luHRtaEteyIgBinitüBic©½y[kan;Etl¥itl¥n;EfmeTot. RKwHénTsSn³
enHKWedAdl;PaBxusRtUvrbs;TegIV EdlmanmUldæanenAelIplvi)ak
énTegIVenaH TegIVRtwmRtUvnaMmknUvplKYrKab;RbesIr. etIGñklT§ipl
vi)akniym )anseRmccitþfa erOgGIVEdleKeFIVRtUv? BYkeKEtgEsVgrk
edIm,IebþCJacitþcMeBaHCeRmIs EdlGacnwgeFIVTaMgGs; EdlEp¥kelIpl
vi)akd¾Kab;RbesIr. {TegIVEdlskþismeTAnwgpld¾Kab;citþenaH KWCa
TegIVEdleKcat;faCaTegIVRtwmRtUvKYreFIV. dUecñH niekçbbTmUldæanRKwH
 52
énlT§iplvi)akedAdl;TegIVRtwmRtUv Edlkñúgkal³eTs³eKpþl;[
KWCa TegIVEdlnwgnaMmknUvpld¾RbesIrsRmab;kal³eTs³enaH² {.
etIkMritsRmab;karvaytémøplrbs;GIVEdlRtUv nigxusenaHKW
CaGIV? {karEbgEckénkMrit sRmab;karvaytémøplvi)akenaH KWCa
niekçbbTénkarRbkan;ykPaBsb,ay¬teRmkniym¦ edAdl;CMenO
Edlfapld¾RbesIr KWplEdlKYrrIkrayeRtkRtGalenaHÉg. bu:Enþ
müa:geTot niekçbbTénGñkRbkan;ykkarsb,ayenaH KWCavtþman
énkamKuN ¬PaBrIyray¦ nigGvtþmanénTukç karQWcab;begIátCa
kMrit sRmab;karvaytémøplénTegIVrbs;eyIg. srubmk PaBrIkray
eRtkRtGalmanlkçN³l¥ EdleKalénsIlFm’)anbegIát{. ehtu
enH s[eXIjc,as;fa kMriténkarvaytémøplKWPaBrIkray EdlCa
lT§pl)anBITegIV nigCaplénkarbMeBjtRmUvkar¬tNða¦ enaHÉg.
TsSn³kmµ nigplvi)ak
eyIgyl;GMBIkmµedayRkeLkemIlnUvTegIV EdlRbkbeday
ectna bu:EnþminRkeLkemIleTAelIplvi)akénkarrIkray EdlCalT§
plrbs;TegIVenaHeLIy. ´sUmniyayfa RbsinebITegIVrbs;buKÁl
Cakusl nigminmaneTasenaH eyIgnwgvaytémøfaCaTegIVl¥ ehIy
plk¾Cakusl¬l¥¦Edr bu:EnþmincaM)ac;niyay faplRtUvEtCaPaB
rIkray¬RbkbedaykamKuN¦. ]TahrN_ maþymanbMNgl¥cg;
bBa©b;TukçkUnrbs;Kat; dUecñH Kat;b®Ba©kfñaMmanrsCatilVIgdl;kUnEdl
manCm¶W xN³enaHkUnenaHÉgnwgminmanGarmµN_rIkray eBjcitþ
 53
eLIy bu:Enþectnarbs;mþayenaHRbkbedaykusl ehIyplrbs;TegVI
enaHk¾l¥Edr ehtuenaH TegIVrbs;Kat;enaHcat;Cakuslkmµ¬GMeBIl¥¦.
]TahrN_epSgmYyeTot RbsinebImþay)an[fñaMBulmYyEBgdl;kUn
rbs;Kat; RBmTaMgrUbKat;pgedaymanbMNg faCIvitBYkKat;Kµantémø
KYr[rs;enAteTAeToteLIy enaHs[eXIjfaGMeBIrbs;Kat;enaH BMu
EmnGMeBICakusleLIy eRBaHfaebIeTaHCaectnarbs;Kat;RtUv)aneK
cat;fal¥edaykarniyayCaTUeTAenaH EttamBit vaminEmnCaectna
CakusleLIy ehIyplEdlhuc[enaHGaRkk;éRkElg. ehtuenaH
ectnacat;TukCaGkuslectna ¬Gkuslkmµ¦. CakarBitNas;
BuT§sasna maneKalpþl;tulüPaBrvagkuslkmµ nigplrbs;kmµ
RKb;TegIVTaMgGs;.
enHGacniyay)anfa vamanPaBxusKña rvagkmµnigvi)ak.
TsSn³kmµebþCJafatYnaTIrbs;kmµ KWCa karvaytémøGMeBIbc©úb,nñ Edl
RbkbedayectnakñúgkareFIVGMeBI xN³EdllT§ivi)ak RtUv)aneKvay
témøedayPaBrIkray nigbMeBjtNða EdlCapl)anmkBIGMeBI²
dUcenH TsSn³mUldæanrbs;kmµniglT§ivi)akenaHmindUcKñaedayBit.
BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfa kmµrbs;BYkeKR)akdCakmµCa
kusl RbsinebIkmµenaHRbkbedaysIlFm’nigGPismacarl¥. enA
kñúgbBVCitGPiNðasURt RBHsm<úT§RTg;Rtas;fa {mñalPikçúTaMgLay Gñk
Kb,Itmál;citþdUecñHfa GatµaGjCaGñkdwgkmµCarbs;xøÜn kmµGIVk¾eday
EdlGatµaGjnwgeFIVeTaHCakuslkþI GkuslkþI enaHGatµaGjnwg
TTYlplenaH² }. vacaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarbgðajBICMenO rbs;buKÁleTA
 54
elIkmµ edaykardak;[GnuvtþsIlFm’ GPismacarl¥ nigedaykar
bgðajBIGakb,kiriyaEdleBareBjedaysIlFm’l¥. karGnuvtþsIl
Fm’l¥ KWCakareqøIytbeTAnigbBaðasgÁm dUcCabBaðaRKYsar bBaða
kargar nigbBaðasgÁmepSg²eTotCaeRcIn edaykarGPivDÆRTwsIþsIl
Fm’. RTwsIþenHRtUvRbkbedayGPismacar karGb;rMsIlFm’ nigkar
tmál;xøÜnkñúgsikçabT dUecñHeXIjfa vamansar³ya:grs;revIkkñúgkar
eQVgyl;BIrebobRbtibtþiBuT§sasnaCamYysgÁm edIm,ICMruj[man
karBRgwgsuxumalPaBsgÁm nigedIm,IRbtibtþitamRTwsIþ edayGnu-
elamtamsgÁm nigRkmsIlFm’Cak;Esþg. CalT§pl TMnak;TMng
sgÁmkan;EtRbesIreLIgnigrwgmaMpg. eyIgnwgepþatya:gmaM cMeBaH
BuT§sasna RkmsIlFm’KWCalkçN³vinicä½y edIm,IebþCJafaetIGMeBINa
xusGMeBINaRtUv.
cb;CMBUk2

 55

CMBUk3
sIlFm’BuT§sasna nigsgÁmsm½yTMenIb
sBVéf¶enH mnusSCaeRcInKitfaGPismacar sIlFm’sm½y
buraNBMusmnigsgÁmTMenIbeLIy BIeRBaHRkmsIlFm’buraNsRmab;
EtmnusSburaNbu:eNÑaH. ´yl;RsbCamYynwgTsSn³sm½yTMenIb
enH RbsinebIsgÁmTMenIbenH bMePøcecal[Gs;nUvTMenomTmøab;buraN
bu:EnþeKmin)ane)aHbg;ecalnUvTMenomTmøab;buraNenHeT ehIymnusS
TMenIbRKan;EtmanbMNg edIm,InwgeFIVTMenIbPavUbnIykmµ cMeBaHRkm
sIlFm’buraNeTACaRkmsIlFm’ nigGPismacarTMenIbbu:eNÑaH. ´
manCMenOfaGPismacarburaNenAEtman \T§iBlmkelIsgÁmTMenIb
edayviFINamYydEdl. ]TahrN_ dUcCa«BukmþayKitfaBYkKat;
mankarTTYlxusRtUv kñúgkarEfTaMbuRtFItarbs;xøÜnrhUtdl;BYkeKFM
eBjv½ydUcCamnusSburaNeFIVEdr. karsmøab;mnusS cat;CaGMeBIxus
c,ab; dUcc,ab;rbs;mnusSburaN Edl)aneFIVc,ab;rdæFmµnuBaØsRmab;
RKb;RKgmnusSsm½yenaHEdr. CakarBit GPismacar nigRkmsIl
Fm’buraN enAEtbnþmanenAkñúgsgÁmsm½yTMenIbenH ehIyeyIg
KYrEtpþl;témø cMeBaHTMenomTmøab; nigvb,Fm’buraNrbs;eyIgeTIb
RbesIr. kñúgCMBUkenH esµrnwgBiPakSaBIrebob EdlBuT§sasnikCn
sMLwgemIlCIvitEdlRbkbedaysIlFm’ edayepþatsMxan;eTAelItY-
naTI RkmsIlFm’sgÁm nigkatBVkic© .l.
 56
tamBit GPismacarBuT§sasna KWBwgEp¥keTAelIRkmsIlFm’
buraNesIÞrEtTaMgRsug ebIeTaHCaeBlevlaRtUv)anpøas;bþÚrk¾eday.
BuT§sasnikCnmanCMenOfa buKÁlRKb;rUbKYrEttMkl;xøÜn edIm,I[køay
xøÜnCamnusSl¥ eRBaHfakalNamanmnusSl¥kan;EteRcIn sgÁmk¾l¥
eTAtamenaHEdr. karesBKb;CamYysb,úrs RtUv)ancat;CabuBVehtud¾
RbesIrsRmab;CIvit. sb,úrsTaMgLaydUcCa «Bukmþay RKU)aGacarü
klüaNmitþ GacnwgnaMbuKÁl[rs;enAkñúgsgÁmmYy EdleBareBj
edaysuxsnþiPaB.
mnusSkñúgsgÁmTMenIb ykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHtémøsIlFm’tic
tYcNas; BYkeKmanectnaedaHRsay bBaðaedaykareKcevsBIRTwsIþ
c,ab; RkitüRkmEdlEp¥kelIeKalkarN_sIlFm’. BuT§sasna)anrk
eXIjbBaðaKnøwHkñúgsgÁm CaTUeTAbBaðaenHKWmnusS)anbENþtbeNþay
xøÜn BYkeK[témøénsmÖar³niymGUsTaj)an dUecñHBYkeKRtUv)an
e)akR)asedaykarRsLaj;s¥b; edayehtuenaH eFIV[CIvitrbs;BYk
eKKµantulüPaB ehIyBuMGacnwgRbRBwtþeTAtamsIlFm’)aneLIy.
ehtuenH BuT§sasna)anTTUcfa vacaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarTTYlnUvkar
Gb;rM[)anR)akdRbCa edIm,I)anCamnusSl¥ sRmab;karGPivDÆsgÁm
nigkarceRmInlUtlas;EpñkR)aCJasµartI.
sgÁm nigtémøsIlFm’
etIvaCakarcaM)ac;Nas;b¤ EdlmnusSRtUvEtmansIlFm’?
cemøIyKWfasMxan;nigcaM)ac;Nas; mnusSkñúgsgÁmBitCa[témøcMeBaH
 57
\riyabfrbs;buKÁlmñak;² siT§imnusS snþiPaB esckIþsux ehIykar
rs;enAkñúgPaBéføfñÚrCaR)akd minEmnfaBMucaM)ac;enaHeT. cUreyIgsYr
sMnYrd¾samBaØfa { ebImanRKYsarRkRkImYy Edlman«BukRbmwkmñak;
etInwgmanbBaðaGIVxøHkñúgRKYsar? etIbBaðafa RKYsarRkIRkedaysarPaB
Rbmwkrbs;«Buk b¤«BukkøayCaGñkRbmwkedaysarEtPaBRkIRkrbs;
RKYsar? cMeBaHsMnYrenH etIeyIgKYrsþIbenÞasGñkNa? eyagtam
BuT§sasna eyIgminKYrsþIbenÞasGñkNamñak;eLIy. pÞúyeTAvij eyIg
KYrGb;rMdl;«BukenaH RBmTaMgsmaCikRKYsarenaHpgEdr. eRBaHfa
ebIeyIgcg;pÁt;pÁg; nigpþl;GIV²EdlRKYsarenaHRtUvkar edayKµankar
Gb;rMdl;BYkeKeTenaH eXIjfakargarenaH² nwgminseRmceCaKC½y
eLIy.
bc©úb,nñenH mnusSeyIggaynwgecaTRbkan; eQøaHRbEkkKña
Nas;edaybBaðatictYcbu:eNÑaH dUcCabBaðapÞal;xøÜn PaBminesµaHRtg;
karRbEkkKñaedaykarsþIbenÞasKñaRbkbedaykMhwg EdlCaehtueFIV
[BYkeKeQøaHKña eRBaHEtbBaðad¾tictYcenHehIy. kalebIsßanPaB
EbbenH ekIteLIgehIy BYkeKEtgRBegIykenþIycMeBaHmitþPaB témø
sIlFm’ nigtémøRKYsarCaedIm. bu:EnþebIeyagtamBuT§sasna{ BYkeK
emIlmineXIjehtuBit maneQµaHfaxVHsIlFm’ ]TahrN_fa ebIeTaHbI
CamankardwknaMneya)ayl¥ehIy RbsinebIRbCaCnxVHsIlFm’enaH
eXIjfa¬GñkdwknaM¦Bi)aknwgRtYtRta GIV²TaMgGs;nwgminGacRKb;RKg
)an ehIyvaR)akdCaminmankarrIkceRmIneLIy } . BuT§sasnik
CnmanCMenOfa {sIlFm’mantémørbs;va ehIysIlFm’BIFmµCati man
 58
n½yfaCasIlFm’ EdlRtwmRtUvl¥enaHnwgCaKuNRbeyaCn_d¾GnueRKaH
ehIysIlFm’enH eBalKWPaBBiténRBHFm’ EdlkMBugdMeNIrkarkñúg
sgÁm }. pÞúyeTAvij GMNacénsIlFm’EdlGacvaytémø)an
cMeBaHbuKÁlEdl[témødl;kargar eBareBjedaysIlFm’rbs;xøÜn
hñwgÉg.
karGb;rMKWCatémørbs;sIlFm’
BuT§sasna)ansagsgÁmmYy RbkbedaysIlFm’d¾rwgmaM
ehIyBuT§sasna)anGb;rMdl;buKÁl [rs;enARbkbedaysuvtßiPaB
esßrPaB EdleBareBjedaysIlFm’ edayehtuenaH eyIgeXIjfa
caM)ac;Nas; kñúgkareQVgyl;faetIkarGb;rMEbbBuT§sasna CaGIVenaH
eBalKW GFisIlsikça KWkarsikSaGb;rMsIlFm’Can;x<s;1 GFicitþsikça
KWkarGb;rMxMceRmIncitþCan;x<s;1 nigGFibBaØa karGb;rMedIm,IPaBlUt
las;EpñkstibBaØasµartICan;x<s;1. karGb;rM¬sikça¦TaMg3enH eday
cMeBaHPikçúsgÇ nigPikçúnIEdlTTYlbc©½y eRKOgGaRs½yBIRKhsß nig
CaGñkmanbMNg edIm,IceRmInstibBaØa eBalKWkarRtas;dwg b:uEnþBYk
RKhsßk¾GacRbtibtþi ceRmInnUvsikçaTaMg3enH)andUcKña sRmab;Ca
mUldæanénsgÁm nigEpñksµartIpgEdr. ticb¤eRcIn sikçaTaMg3enH
ebIbuKÁl)anRbtibtþiehIy dUcKñaeTAnwgmaK’amanGgÁR)aMbIEdr.
sRmab;RKhsßsikçaxageRkamenH maneQµaHfabuBaØkiriyavtßú
KWman Tan sIl Pavna. vak¾GacehAmüa:geTotfaéRtsikça
rbs;RKhsß BYkBuT§sasnik mankareBjcitþcMeBaHkarTTYlkarGb;rM
 59
tamEbbCIvPaBsasna eRBaHBYkeKmanCMenOfa karGb;rMd¾RtwmRtUv
enaH KWCakarGb;rMEpñktémøstibBaØasµartIenHÉg.
CakarBit éRtsikçaenH k¾rYmbBa©ÚlbuBaØkiriyavtßúTaMg 10ya:g
mandUcxageRkamenHKW ³ 1>Tan 2>sIl 3>Pavna 4>Gbcayn³
5>evyüavc©³ 6>btþiTan 7>btþanuemaTna 8>Fmµsvna 9>FmµeTsna
nig10>TidæiCukmµ . TidæPaBTaMg10ya:genH RtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCa
mUldæanRKwHénsIlFm’BuT§sasna b¤buBaØkiriyavtßú.
eTaHbICaya:gNak¾eday eyIgKYrEteQVgyl;BIPaBxusKña
rvagRBHsgÇ nigRKhsßpgEdr eTIbCakarRbesIr. {PaBxusKñarvag
RkumTaMgBIrénsikçaenH tamEbbBuT§sasnasißtenAkñúgcMNucepþat }.
enAkñúgsikçarbs;RBHsgÇ karepþatenHKWsMedAeTAelIesckIþl¥rbs;
buKÁlpÞal; cMENkÉCIvitrbs;BYkRKhsßvij RtUv)aneKpþl;PaBsMxan;
eTAelITidæPaBénCIvitkñúgsgÁmCag BIeRBaHfaRKhsßRtUv)aneKrMBwg
ya:geRcInTak;TgCamYyTMnak;TMngl¥ nigkargarl¥rbs;sgÁm}.
tamBit buBaØkiriya vtßúTaMg10ya:genH RtUv)ansnµt;faCaGPismacar
sRmab;Gnuvtþkñúg CIvitRbcaMéf¶edayBit.
sIlFm’mUldæansRmab;RKhsß
BaküeRbonRbedArbs;RBHsmµasm<úT§TaMgLay Tak;TgeTA
nwgcMNucbIya:genHCamUldæan KWkarhamR)ammin[eFIVGMeBIGaRkk;
RKb;ya:g1 [BüayambMeBjesckIþl¥1 nig[xitxMdusxatCRmH
sMGatcitþrbs;xøÜn [l¥pUrpg;R)ascakeRKOgesAhµgTaMgLay1.
 60
karmineFIVGMeBI)abTaMgLay CaCMhandMbUg EdlTak;TgedaypÞal;
eTAnwgkarrkSasIl edaymanvin½ybTbBaØtþiCaeRcIn sRmab;RBHsgÇ
nigRKhsßkñúgRBHBuT§sasna. karbeRgon[Rbtibtþirbs;Pikçú nigPikçúnI
manEcgenAkñúgvin½ybidk. edayELk vin½ysRmab;RKhsßBuMman
karcgRkgCaBiessNamYyeLIy bu:EnþmanbBa©sIl¬sIl5¦eBalKW
kiriyaevorcakkarsmøab;stV evorcakkarlYcRTBüsm,tþiGñkdéT kar
minRbRBwtþxuskñúgkam karmineBalBakükuhk nigkarminpwkTwkRsvwg
nigeRKOgejonepSg² TaMgGs;enHcat;faCamUldæanénsIlFm’rbs;
RKhsßTaMgLay sRmab;RbtibtþiCaRbcaMéf¶.
BYkBuT§sasnikCnmYycMnYn KitfaBYkeKsmaTannUvbBa©sIl
eRBaHfaBYkeKCaBuT§sasnik ehIyRtUvEtRbtibtþiedayGnuelameTA
tamGPismacarBuT§sasna tamBitBMudUecñHeLIy sikçabTenHKWBMuEmn
Carbs;BuT§sasnikEtmñak;eT bu:EnþCarbs;mnusSCatiRKb;rUb CaGñk
EdleFIVxøÜn[ceRmIn nigrs;enAkñúgesckIþsuxsnþiPaB. dUcenH buKÁl
NaEdlcg;køayCamnusSminmaneTas b¤CamnusSRbkbedayemtþa
enaHKW RtUvkarRbtibtþitamsikçabTsaklenHÉg. sasnaTaMgGs;
)an[témøeTAelIRTwsþIsIlFm’ nigkarGnuvtþsIlFm’enaH² eday
GnuelameTAtamkareRbonRbedAénemsasnarbs;xøÜn. bu:EnþCYnkal
TsSn³sIlFm’sRmab;mnusSmYyRkum EtgxusBIsIlFm’rbs;Rkum
déT eRBaHEtPaBxusKñarvagRbéBNI vb,Fm’CaedIm. ]TahrN_ kar
smøab;CIvitmnusS RtUv)ancat;CaGMeBI)ab¬sin¦kñúgsasnaRKisþ Ékar
smøab;stVk¾cat;CaGMeBIGkusl¬unwholsome¦kñúgBuT§sasna.
 61
Tak;TgeTAnwgsIl5enH ´)anpþl;RbwkSaCamYybuKÁlCaeRcIn
enAkñúgshKmn_BuT§sasnikenAmCÄmNÐlsmaFitfaKt enAkñúgrdæ
sancUes ¬San Jose¦. ]TahrN_ dUcCakñúgkrNI x)aNati)at
enHCaedIm. enHCakrNImYykñúgcMeNamkrNICaeRcIn Edl´)anpþl;
RbwkSa kalBICag2ExknøgeTAenH man])askmñak;)anbUCaya:gmaM
kñúgBueT§avaT )anmkCYb´edIm,IsMuGnusasn_. Kat;)anniyayR)ab;´fa
{Kat;manbBaðamYyedaymþayrbs;Kat;manCm¶W>>>>>>ya:gF¶n;. mþay
rbs;Kat;mankarQWcab;ya:gxøaMg eRBaHkardac;srésQam nig
CalikaRTuDeRTamkñúgeCIgmçag lT§pleXIjfa eCIgrbs;Kat;RtUvEt
kat; ebImindUecñaHeT karQWcab;nwgekIneLIg ehIyGacnwgbNþal
[Kat;søab;Pøam². eyagtamsMdIelakevC¢bNÐit viFIEdll¥bMput
KWsmrN_ ¬karpþac;CIvitedIm,IkMu[QWcab;¦ dUecñHevC¢bNÐit)anpþl;
Gnusasn_fa Kat;nigbgRbusb¥ÚnRsITaMg4nak; KYrEtcuHhtßelxaelI
RkdasRsbc,ab; edIm,IFanaelIkarcak;fñaMsmøab; sRmab;Ca
RbeyaCn_dl;mþayrbs;Kat; eRBaHfa»kassRmab;rs;rbs;mþayKat;
mantictYcNas; ehIyNamYy karQWcab;ecHEtekIneLIIgCalMdab;
pg. cMENkÉbgb¥ÚnKat;TaMgGs; )anyl;RsbCamYyeyabl;rbs;;
evC¢bNÐit bu:EnþcMeBaHrUbKat;vij mindwgRtUveFIVya:gNaeLIy eRBaH
faKat;dwgfaenAkñúgsikçabT¬sIl¦ minGnuBaØati[smøab;CIviteLIy.
Kat;)anR)ab;´fa {´xøacela ´)aneFIV)abkmµd¾F¶n;F¶r¬Gnnþriykmµ¦
mann½yfa kmµd¾manGMNacenH minGacnwgCMnYsedaykmµNadéT
eTot edIm,Inwg)anekItkñúgTId¾RbesIrenaHeT eRBaHkaryl;RBmkñúgkar
 62
cak;fñaMsmøab;mþayrbs;xøÜnenaH ´mincg;RbRBwtþkmµd¾F¶n;edaykaryl;
RsbnwgbBaðaenH ehtudUecñH ´BitCamindwgfaRtUveFIVya:gdUcemþc
enaHeT}.
kñúgBuT§sasna manEcgGMBIGMeBI)abF¶n;5ya:g ¬bBa©annþri-
ykmµ¦ EdlCakmµd¾GaRkk; nigF¶n;F¶rbMputeBalKW karsmøab;mata
xøÜn1 karsmøab;bitaxøÜn1 karsmøab;RBHGrhnþ1 jaMugBuT§elahit
[hUrecj1 nigkarbMEbksgǬsgÇePT¦1. ehtuenH eTIb])ask
rUbenH mankarsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkaryl;RBmcMeBaHerOgenaH. ´)anR)ab;
Kat;fa {kñúgkrNIenH eXIjfaBi)akxøaMgNas; eyIgmindwgR)akdfa
etIbMNgrbs;BYkeKRbkbedaykuslb¤Gt; BIeRBaHkrNImþayrbs;
Gñk sßitenAeRkam\Ti§BlCak;lak; EdlGacfaTak;TgeTAnwgbBaða
fvika b¤k¾minmancitþemtþakruNa. tameyabl;´pÞal; GñkminKYreFIV
karseRmccitþNamYy EdlTak;TgfaetIKYreFIVb¤Gt;enaH. erOgEdl
RbesIrbMput KWsuM[RKUeBTüxitxMemIlCm¶Wrbs;mþayGñk [Gs;BI
smtßPaBrbs;Kat;cuH ehIyebIsßanPaBecHEtF¶n;F¶reTA² caMsuM[RKU
eBTüeFIVGIV²eTAtamviFIeBTü ebImindUecñaHeT Gñknwgmanvib,disarI
cMeBaHTegVIrbs;xøÜnkñúgeBlGnaKt rhUtdl;GñksMu[RKUeBTü eFIVGIV
EdlTak;TgnwgkarGnuvtþtamevC¢sa®sþ[smKYr eRBaHehtuenaH Gñk
nwgmin)armÖcMeBaHkarseRmccitþrbs;bgb¥ÚnGñk b¤k¾xøÜnGñkpÞal;eLIy
}. bnÞab;mk ´k¾bBa©b;dMbUnµanenH ehIyKat;hak;dUcCarIkraybnþic
ehIyKat;niyayfa {´nwgeFIVtameyabl;rbs;RBHetCKuN }. enA
kñúgBuT§sasna karGnuvtþkñúgkarcak;fñaMsmøab;enH KWxusnwgsIlFm’
 63
edayBit BIeRBaHfavaCakarRbRBwtþelµIsnUvRkmsIlFm’TaMgRsug
ehIyRtUv)aneKcat;Tukfakarsmøab;CIvitmnusSstVenH CaGMeBIeXar
eXAbMputeTotpg.
sIlFm’ nign½ymUldæanrbs;mnusSCati
sIlFm’Cac,ab;sakl ehIysIlFm’enH minEmnCakmµsiT§i
rbs;sasnaNamYydac;edayELkeLIy. eRBaHehtuenHehIy eTIb
BYkBuT§sasnikBuMEdleBalGHGagfa sIlFm’CabTbBaØtþiEdlbegáIt
eLIgedayRBHsmµasm<úT§ ehIyfasikçabTTaMgenH KWCaBaküeRbon
RbedArbs;RBHBuT§TaMgGs;eLIy. CakarBit sIlFm’enHekIteLIg
BItémømUldæanrbs;mnusS ]bmafaeyIgcg;ebotebonGñkdéT eRBaH
EtKMnuM esckIþRcENnQñanIs sMGb;CaedIm ehIyebIeyIgtaMgxøÜneyIg
CabuKÁlenaHvij muneBleyIgeFIVkarebotebonbuKÁlenaH ehIyeyIg
BicarNaedayRtwmRtUvfa TegVIEdleyIgmanKMeragbMrugnwgeFIVenaH etI
smRsbEdrb¤eT Pøam²enaHeyIgnwgeqøIyedayxøÜnÉgfa { eT´min
cg;[TegIVenaHekIteLIgcMeBaH´eLIy GMeBIenaHeXareXANas; Ca
GMeBIGmnusSFm’ nigminyutþiFm’eLIy }. RbsinebIeyIgman
GarmµN_ya:genH cMeBaHTegVImYycMnYnEdleyIgeRKagnwgeFIVenaH Ca
karBit eyIgGacemIleXIjTegIVenaHfaCaGMeBIGyutþiFm’ nigGkusl
Fm’. eRBaHehtuenaH sIlFm’KCW aPaBCak;EsþgéntémøEtmYyKt;
rbs;eyIg nigGñkdéT. cMeBaHTsSn³enH RBHsm<úT§RTg;Rtas;fa
{stVmanCIvitTaMgGs;EtgEtxøacdMbgb¤GaCJa nigP½yxøaccMeBaHesckIþ
 64
søab;RKb;²Kña }. eday)aneFIVxøÜnCaTI]bmaeTAnwgGñkdéTdUecñH
ehIybuKÁlenaHBitCaminebotebon b¤smøab;stVmanCIviteLIy. etI
manGñkNamñak;kñúgelakenH EdlminxøacesckIþsøab;eT? ehtuenH
´h‘anniyayfa sIlFm’KWCatémørbs;mnusSCatimYyRbePT Edldwk
naMeyIg[rs;enAkñúgsnþiPaBenaH.
BuT§sasnikrkSasIlenH BMuEmnRKan;EtedaysareKKitfa enH
CakarRbtibtþitamEbbsasnaEtmüa:gbu:eNÑaHeT bu:EnþeKEfmTaMg[
témødl;mnusSecHKitKUrdl;GñkdéT dUcCabuKÁlxøÜnÉgpÞal;Edr .
BuT§sasnikCnBicarNcMeBaHsikçabTrbs;xøÜn nigKitya:geRCAeTAelI
TegVIrbs;xøÜn muneBlBYkeKRbRBwtþelµIssikçabTenaH². GñkxøHGac
niyayfa karRbtibtþiBuT§sasnaKWBitCaGtþTtßPaB BIeRBaHBYkeK
rkSasIl edIm,ITTYlbuNükuslsRmab;buKÁlxøÜnÉg. tamBit kar
niyaydUecñHBMuRtwmRtUveT karrkSasIlenH eFIV[GñkTaMgGs;rs;enA
kñúgsnþiPaBnigsuxdumrmnaCamYymnusSCatiTaMgGs; edayBMumanGMeBI
hwgSa. GPismacarGHGagfa{ sIlFm’RtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCakMNb;
RTBüd¾mantémørbs;sgÁmmnusSCati nigCamUldæanénkarGPivDÆEpñk
bBaØasµartI }.
BuT§sasna nigkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm
sgÁmmnusSRtUv)anbegáIteLIg edaymanrcnasm<½n§énGriy
Fm’ya:gx<g;x<s; ehIyrcnasm<½n§enH manPaBsµúKsµajCagrcna
sm<½n§énstVmanCIvitdéT²eTot edaysarstibBaØarbs;mnusS nig
 65
RTwsþITsSnviC¢a. dUcenH enAeBlmnusSbegáItrcnasm<½n§ kan;Etx<g;
x<s;eLIgenaH mnusSnwgkan;EtmanbTbBaØtþi nigc,ab;Tmøab;kan;Et
sµúKsµajeLIg²Edr. sIlFm’BuT§sasna mankarykcitþTukdak;
ya:gxøaMgcMeBaHsuxumalPaBsgÁm nigPaBéføfñÚrrbs;smaCiksgÁm
enaHpgEdr. BYkBuT§sasnikEtgBicarNafa vaBMuRKb;RKan;enaHeT
edayRKan;EtrkSasIlR)aM edIm,I[mnusSrs;enA b¤edIm,IbegáItsgÁm
EdlRbkbedaysnþiPaBmYYyenaH dUecñHsIlFm’BuT§sasna)anTTYl
sÁal;faKYrEtmanc,ab;Tmøab; nigbTbBaØtþiepSg² kan;EteRcInsRmab;
sgÁmeTIbCakarRbesIr.
enAkñúgBuT§sasna RkmsIlFm’ nigGPismacarsgÁm ekIt
ecjBIsigÁaelavaTsURt kñúgKm<IrTIXnikayswgEtTaMgGs; cMENk
ÉRkmsIlFm’xøHeTot )anRtUvdkRsg;ecjBInikayepSg²eTot man
mCÄimnikayCaedIm ehIysIlFm’xøHeTot enAkñúgsigÁaelavaTsURt
enH mansRmab;RBHsgÇpg nigxøHeTotsRmab;RKhsßpg bu:EnþeTaH
Caya:genHkIþ k¾sIlFm’enHBMumanlkçN³dUcsikçabT EdlCaGana)ati
emakç sRmab;PikçúsgÇEdlmanEcgenAkñúgvin½ybidkenaHeLIy. vaCa
karRbesIr sRmab;RKhsßkñúgkarRbtibtþinUvsIlFm’enH edIm,ICa
RbeyaCn_dl;buKÁlxøÜnpÞal; nigsgÁmpgenaH. rcnasm<½n§énsIl
Fm’enH )andl;sgÁhFm’5ya:grbs;matabita katBVkic©5ya:grbs;
buRtFIta tYnaTI5ya:grbs;RKhsßcMeBaHRBHsgÇ nigtYnaTI6ya:g
rbs;RBHsgÇcMeBaHRKhsßCaedIm.
 66
enAkñúgsgÁmmnusS RKYsarRtUv)aneKcat;TukCasgÁmtUcmYy
edayGnuelamtamTsSn³vis½yBuT§sasna. enAkñúgRKYsar «Buk
mþayRtUv)ansnµt;faCaGñkdwknaM ehIykUnecACaRbCara®sþ dUecñHBYk
Kat;RtUvmankatBVkic©cMeBaHkUnecA ebIBMudUecñaHeT eXIjfavamanlM)ak
eRcInkñúgkarrkSatémøRKYsar [manesckIþsuxsuPmgÁlNas;. sIl
Fm’BuT§sasna )anKUsbnÞat;rvag«BukmþaynigbuRtFIta² cMeBaH«Buk
mþay eXIjfacaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkarbMeBjTMnYlxusRtUvrbs;xøÜncMeBaH
KñaeTAvijeTAmk. katBVkic©5ya:grbs;matabita cMeBaHbuRtFIta
enaHKW 1> hamR)amkUnmin[eFIVGMeBIGaRkk;RKb;ya:g 2> ENnaMnig
elIkTwkcitþkUn[eFIVGMeBIl¥ 3> pþl;»kas[kUn)anTTYlkarGb;rMl¥
4> EckrMElkekrmt’kdl;kUntamsmKYrdl;RTBüsm,tþi nig5> erob
cMGaBah_BiBah_ [kUnsmKYrdl;eBlevla.
cMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;matabitaenH eXIjfasBVéf¶enH mata
bitaxøH)anRBegIykenþIy BMu)anykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn
ehIyEbrmkcab;GarmµN_cMeBaHesckIþsb,ayrbs;xøÜneTAvij. ´man
karesaksþayNas; cMeBaHmatabitaEdlBMu)anbMeBjkatBVkic©rbs;
xøÜn. ´)anpþl;eyabl;dl;narImñak; EdlmanCm¶WpøÚvcitþ eRBaHEtnag
)aneFIVkMhusmYykñúgCIivit . kalBIR)aMqñaMmun nag)anElglHsVamI
ehIyerobkarCamYybursmñak;eTot enAeBlenaHnag)anTukkUnRsI
Gayu6qñaM [enACamYy«Buk ehIyBMu)anykcitþTukdak;cMeBaHkUnenaH
eLIy. R)aMmYyExmunenH bþIeRkay)anElglHCamYynag dUecñHnag
manGarmµN_faÉeka ehIycg;Tak;TgCamYykUnRsInagvij bu:EnþkUn
 67
nag bdiesFBMuRBmCYbCamYynag edayniyayfanags¥b;mþaynag
Nas; eRBaHCamþaycitþGaRkk; BMuEmnCamþaybegáItrbs;nageLIy.
®sþICamþayk¾manTukçya:gxøaMg edayBMudwgfaRtUveFIVya:gem:c cMeBaH
kMhusrbs;xøÜn. nag)anyMenAcMeBaHmux´ dUecñHeTIb´)anR)ab;nagfa
{ buKÁlmankmµCarbs;xøÜn kmµKWTegIVRKb;ya:g EdlxøÜn)aneFIVehIy
eTaHl¥kIþ GaRkk;kIþ buKÁlenaHnwgkøayCaTayaTKW Gñksñgplrbs;
kmµenaH. dUcenH RbsinebIGñkcg;)anesckIþRsLaj;rbs;kUnRsI
enaHmkvij GñkRtUvbgðajesckIþRsLaj;rbs;xøÜn cMeBaHkUnenaHCamun
sineTIb)an}. RBHsm<úT§RTg;manbnÞÚlfa { matabitanwgCabuKÁl
EdlBMuGaceRbobeFob)ancMeBaHbuRtFItarbs;xøÜn RbsinebIBYkeKman
sm,tþi4ya:genHKW emtþa esckIþRsLaj;edayesµaH/ kruNa esckIþ
GaNitGasUredayesµaH/ muTita PaBCaGñkmancitþeTarTn;eTArkkUn
nig ]ebkça PaBCaGñkmancitþCakNþal }. ´manCMenOfa RbsinebI
Gñk)anbMeBjkatBVkic©KWtYnaTIrbs;matabitaenaH Gñknwg)anTTYl
GIV²BIkUnRsIenaHvij Cakartbsñgrbs;nagmkelIGñkCaminxan. eTaH
Caya:gNa GñkKYrcgcaMfaGIV²RtUvkareBlevla. ´R)akdkñúfcitþfa
Gñknwg)anTTYlnUvkIþRsLaj;rbs;kUnRsIenaHvij enAeBlNamYymin
xan. enAeBl´Bnül;BIsßanPaBenaH ®sþICamþay)andwgBIkMhus
rbs;xøÜn ehIy)anniyayR)ab´fa {nagnwgrg;caMcMeBaHkþIRsLaj;
rbs;kUnenaH TnÞwmKñaenHEdr nagnwgbMeBjnUvRBhµviharFm’TaMg4
ya:grbs;matabitapgEdr}.
 68
sgÁmRKYsarnwgminGacmantulüPaBeLIy drabNabuRtFIta
BMusUvmanTMnYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkatBVkic©rbs;xøÜn ehtuenH eXIjfacaM
)ac;Nas; sRmab;buRtFIta kñúgkarbMeBjnUvkarTTYlxusRtUvrbs;xøÜn
cMeBaHmatabita edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_énsuxumalPaBsgÁmRKYsar nig
esckIþsuxrbs;sgÁmmnusSTaMgmUl. katBVkic©5ya:g sRmab;buRt
FItaRbtibtþicMeBaHmatabitarbs;;xøÜnKW 1> TMnukbMrugmatabitaeday
bc©½yTaMgbYn 2> CYyeFIVkic©karpÞHCMnYs«Bukmþay 3> rkSaekrþ×vgS
RtkUl 4> RbRBwtþxøÜn[smKYrnwgTTYlmt’k nig5> eFIVTkçiNanub,Tan
edIm,IEckrMElkbuNükusl dl;matabitaEdlEckzaneTAehIy.
CakarBit RkmsIlFm’enHBMuEmnsRmab;RKb;RKgsgÁmeT bu:EnþsRmab;
CaviPaKTanén esckIþsuxekSmkSanþdl;mnusSCatiedayBit.
´BitCamankaresaksþayya:gxøaMgcMeBaHbuKÁl Edl)aneFIV
RBegIykenþIyBMutbsñgKuNcMeBaHmatabitarbs;xøÜn. enAeBlmYy ´
)anCYbbursv½yekµgmñak;Edl)anniyayfa { BYkeyIgBitCaBMumankar
dwgKuNcMeBaH«BukmþayeLIy BIeRBaHBYkKat;BMumanbMNgl¥ kñúgkar
EfrkSakUnrbs;xøÜneLIy pÞúyeTAvij BYkKat;RKan;EtbMeBjnUvesckIþ
sb,ayEpñkkamKuNCamYyKñaKat;Etbu:eNÑaH dUcenHBMucaM)ac;eFIVkar
tbsñgsgKuNdl;BYkKat;GIVeLIy}. ´mankarPJak;ep¥Ilya:gxøaMg
cMeBaHGIVEdlbursenaH)anniyay. dUecñH ´k¾)anR)ab;Kat;fa { RbesIr
Nas; enHRKan;EtCaTsSn³¬karbkRsay¦ rbs;GñkcMeBaHkartb
sñgsgbMNulén«Bukmþayrbs;GñkEtbu:eNÑaH bu:Enþ´cg;sYrfaetI«Buk
mþayrbs;Gñk)anRBegIykenþIy BMu)anbMeBjtYnaTIrbs;Kat; cMeBaH
 69
kUn² b¤ya:gNa?} bursenaHniyayfa { Kat;BMu)ane)aHbg;ecalnUv
PaBTMnYlxusRtUv nigkarbMeBjtYnaTIrbs;Kat;cMeBaHeyIgeLIy }.
´k¾R)ab;Kat;eTotfa { GñkKYrEteQVgyl;BIkþIRsLaj;rbs;«Bukmþay
Gñk[)anc,as;. EmnBit BYkKat;BMuEdlxVl;faetIkUn² yl;BIesckIþ
RsLaj;rbs;BYkKat; b¤minyl;enaHeT BIeRBaHBYkKat;mankIþRsLaj;
cMeBaHkUn²rbs;xøÜnedayBMumanl½kçx½NÐeLIy. bu:EnþRbsinebIGñkyl;
BIkþIRsLaj; EdlminGacKNnanigKµanRBMEdncMeBaHGñk bnÞab;BIBYk
Kat;EckzaneTAehIyenaH eXIjfavahYseBleTAehIy dUcenH´sUm
rMlwkGñkfa ebIeTaHCaGñkmincg;EfrkSaBYkKat;k¾eday sUmEtkMueFIV
[BYkKat;Bi)akcitþtamry³karRbRBwtþGaRkk;edaykay vaca citþ nig
minbnÞabbenßakkIþRsLaj;rbs;BYkKat; tamkarRbRBwtþTegIVminsm
rmü ebIBMuenaHeT «BukmþayGñknwgBMumanesckIþsuxeLIy}. eTaHbI
Caya:genHkþI bursenaHBMu)anbgðajBIkaryl;RsbCamYyeyabl;
rbs;´eLIyenAeBlenaH ehIyCaGkusl mþayrbs;Kat;)aneFIV
Gnic©kmµeTAedayCm¶WsYt. BIrbIExknøgeTAenH Kat;)anmkCYb´
ehIyyMsþaycMeBaHkar)at;bg;mþayrbs;xøÜn Kat;)anniyayR)ab;´
faKat;mankaresaksþaycMeBaHmþayKat;xøaMgNas; ehIyCakarBit
´k¾mankaresaksþaypgEdr.
enAkñúgsgÁm enAmanRkumEdlsMxan;mYyepSgeTot Edlrs;
enAya:gCitsñiT§nwgGñk Edl)anykcitþTukdak;emIlEfRkumdéTeTot
edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;karGPivDÆsgÁmFm’nigsµartI enaHKW)andl;Rkum
RBHsgÇ nigRKhsßenaHÉg. RBHsgÇ)anTTYlbc©½ycaM)ac; dUcCa
 70
Gahar ¬biNÐ)at¦ sMelokbMBak;¬cIvr¦ TICMrk ¬esnasn³¦ nig
fñaMEkeraK ¬KilanePsC¢³¦BIRKhsß dUcenHCakartbsñg RBHsgÇ
elak)anpþl;»vaTCaFmµTan CakareRbonRbedAtamEbbsasnadl;
BYkRKhsßvij. eRBaHEtBYkeKRtUvBwgBak;KñaeTAvijeTAmk eTIbkatBV
kic©sgÁmRtUvFøak;eTAelIKñaeTAvijeTAmkEdr. enAkñúgBuT§sasnaman
katBVkic©5ya:g sRmab;RKhsßRbtibtþicMeBaHRBHsgÇKW ³ 1> eday
kaykmµRbkbedayemtþa 2> edayvcIkmµRbkbedayemtþa 3> eday
menakmµRbkbedayemtþa 4> CaGñkminbiTTVarpÞH5 5> edaykiiriya
[nUvGamIsTan.
shKmn_BuT§sasnikenAEtRbtibtþikatBVkic©enH ebIeTaHbICa
BYkeKrs;enARbeTselakxaglic dUcCa Gaemrik kaNada Gg;eKøs
nigGU®sþalIk¾eday ehIyeyIgCaRBHsgÇ Etg)anTTYlkarnimnþeTA
eFIVsgÇTan enApÞHrbs;RKhsßCajwkjab; ehIyPaKeRcInenAéf¶
esAr_nigéf¶GaTitüCaedIm. enAeBleyIgeTAdl;pÞH BYkeKTTYl
sVaKmn_ya:gkk;ekþA ehIyRbeKncgðan;nigsmÖar³caM)ac;epSg²eTot
dUcCacIvr fñaMEkeraK rYmCamYybc©½ysRmab;sagsg;kudi TIesnasn³
epSg² RBmTaMgvtßúCaTItRmUvkardéTeTot sRmab;CIvitRbcaMéf¶ man
RTnab;eCIg esovePA b‘ícCaedIm. BYkRKhsßTaMgenHmanbMNgkñúgkar
rkSaRbéBNI vb,Fm’GasIurbs;xøÜn eTaHbICaBYkeKrs;enAkñúgshrdæ

5
elaksMedAykkarebIkTVarsVaKmn_cMeBaHRBHsgÇ ¬minbiTTVarpÞHeBleXIjelak
nimnþRtac; biNÐ)aRtenAeBlRBwkCaedIm¦.
 71
ehIyk¾eday. edaysarEtTegIVCasb,úrs eyIgCaRBHsgÇmankar
sb,ayrIkray nigeBareBjedaypasukPaBkñúgCIvitCasgÇ.
enAkñúgsgÁm CaFmµtaeKEtgEtmanPaBTTYlxusRtUv kñúg
enaHenAeBlbuKÁlkan;EtmanGP½yÉksiT§ieRcIn buKÁlkan;Etmankar
TTYlxusRtUvx<s;.dUcenHTaMgPikçú nigPikçúnIminGacgakmuxecjBIbuKÁl
GñkTMnukbMrug edaysarPaBTMnYlxusRtUvsgÁm )anpSarP¢ab;RBHsgÇ
CamYynwgRKhsß. TMnYlxusRtUvenH RtUv)ancat;TukfaCatémøsgÁm
mYYy EdlniyayBITMnak;TMngrvagbuKÁlBIrRkumKW RBHsgÇnigRKhsß
enHÉg. RBHsgÇmantYnaTI 6 ya:gsRmab;tbsñgdl;RKhsßvijKW
1> hamR)amRKhsßmin[eFIVGMeBIGaRkk; 2> pþl;»vaTdl;BYkeK
[xMeFIVGMeBIl¥ 3> RsLaj;BYkeKedayesµaHsminEmnCakIþRsLaj;
Cab;CMBak;edaytNða 4> eRbonRbedAnUvGIVEdlBYkKat;BMuEdl)anlWBI
munmk 5> EktRmg;nigeFIV[c,as;nUvGIVEdlKat;Føab;)anlWmkehIy
6> bgðajBIpøÚveTAkan;sßansYK’ . ´manCMenOya:gmutmaMfakarTTYl
xusRtUvrbs;RBHsgÇ nwg)anRbeyaCn_ya:gBitR)akd dl;BYkBuT§-
bris½TkñúgkarGPivDÆEpñkstibBaØasµartIrbs;xøÜn.
PikçúnigPikçúnI caM)ac;Nas;kñúgkarbMeBjkatBVkic©sasna edIm,I
eFIV[RKhsßGacceRmInnUvplanisgSerog²xøÜn EdlGaceFIV[BYkeK
rlas;xøÜnputBIesckIþTukçkñúgsgSarvdþ. ]bmafa´CaecAGFikar nigCa
TIRbwkSaenAmCÄmNÐlsmaFitfaKt dUecñH ´mankic©karCaeRcInEdl
RtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHmCÄmNÐl ehIykic©karsMxan;²KW kardwknaM
kareFIVsmaFi begáItkmµviFIGb;rMsRmab;yuvv½yekµg² RKb;RKgskmµ
 72
PaBrbs;mCÄmNÐl TTYlsVaKmn_ePJóvmkdl;fµI pþl;RbwkSadl;buKÁl
EdlRtUvkarelIkTwkcitþ nigpþl;dMbUnµandl;buKÁl EdlCYbbBaðaepSg²
kñúgsgÁm edayGnuelameTAtamBaküeRbonRbedArbs;RBHBuT§brm
RKU dUecñHebIeTaHCaeyIgBMu)anecjeTAeFIVkarxageRkA edIm,IciBa©wmCIvit
k¾eday EteyIgmankarmmajwkya:gsem,Im kñúgkarbMeBjkatBVkic©
sasna CaBiessenAéf¶esAr_nigéf¶GaTitü. enAkñúgéf¶TaMgenH BYk
RKhsßCaTUeTAnaMKñaeTARbtibtþiFm’ eFIVsmaFi RbeKncgðan;dl;RBH
sgÇ nigeFIVkic©karepSg² eTotenAkñúgmCÄmNÐlsmaFienH.
enAmankareRbonRbedACaeRcIneTot EdlmansEmþgenAkñúg
sigÁaelavaTsURt dUcCatYnaTIrbs;bþIRbBn§sRmab;RkumRKYsar tYnaTI
RKUnigsisS nigtYnaTImitþPkiþCaedIm. tYnaTIdUc)aneBalmkxagelI
enH KWCakarTTYlxusRtUveRcInCaRkmsIlFm’. sIlFm’BuT§sasna
RtUv)anepþatya:gsMxan;eTAelIkar smaTansIlR)aM¬nic©sIl¦ edIm,I
CakarCMruj[buKÁlmansIlFm’l¥ edIm,IeFIV[sgÁmsßitenAkñúgsnþiPaB
nigPaBsuxdumrmna bu:EnþtYnaTIenH KYrEtRtUv)anbMeBjedayRkum
buKÁlnImYy². CalT§pl témøRKYsarnigsgÁmekIneLIg ehIy
mnusSkñúgsgÁm nwgrs;enAeBareBjedayesckIþsuxekSmkSanþ.
RkmsIlFm’ nig TsSn³kmµ
enAkñúgRkmsIlFm’ kmµTsSn³manlkçN³xusBIplniym
edayEp¥kelITsSn³kmµ { sIlFm’ EdlEp¥kelIRkitüRkm)andak;n½y
faTegIVEdlRtwmRtUvenaH RbsinebIvaRsbCamYyRkitüRkmEdlRtwm
 73
RtUv ¬EdlfaRkitüRkmEdlRtwmRtUvenaH mincaM)ac;eyageTAelIpl
énTegVIenaHeLIy¦ ehIyfaTegIVenaHxus enAeBlEdlTegIVenaHRtUv
)anRbRBwtþelµIsRkitüRkmenaH² }. enAkñúgTsSn³TaMgBIrenH Rkm
sIlFm’mansar³sMxan;Nas; cMeBaHsIlFm’ minRKan;EtCaTMB½r én
RkmEdlmanRbeyaCn_bu:eNÑaHeT. enHmann½yfaRkitüRkmnImYy²
KYrEtman { RbB½n§sIlFm’EdlEp¥kelIRkitmYy } BIeRBaHfaRbB½n§
sIlFm’enHpÞúkeTAedayRkitüRkmya:geRcInpgEdr. bu:EnþGñkpl
niym)anCECkfa RkitüRkmmYy caM)ac;RtUvEteyageTAelIplrbs;
kmµ EdlbegáItplya:gl¥RbesIr.
Ca]TahrN_Tak;TgerOgsmøab;CIvit TsSn³kmµ)anpþl;viPaK
famnusSRKb;rUbmansiT§i edIm,Irs;ranmanCIvit ehIybuKÁldéTman
karTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHkatBVkic©enaHKW minrMelaPbMBanelIsiT§ienaH
edaysmøab;buKÁlNamYy dUecñHRkmsIlFm’ EdlhamR)ammin[
smøab;enaH )ankarBarsiT§irs;ranrbs;buKÁldéT. dUcKñaenHEdr
vaRtUv)aneKyl;Rsbya:gTUlMTUlayfa mnusSRKb;rUbmansiT§irYcput
BIkarrMelaPbMBan eRBaHehtuenaH buKÁldéTmantYnaTIminRtUveRCot
ERCkrMelaPbMBansiT§ÉkCnenaHeLIy ehIyRkmsIlFm’mantYnaTI
RbqaMgcMeBaHkarrMelaPbMBansiT§iÉkCn eBalKWsiT§irYcputBIkarrMelaP
bMBanenaH. eRBaHehtuenaH eyIgeXIjya:gc,as;fa RkmsIlFm’
rbs;GñkkmµTsSn³ manlkçN³xusKña BIRkmsIlFm’rbs;Gñkpl
niym.
 74
RkmsIlFm’énkmµTsSn³enH PaKeRcInRtUv)anTTYlsÁal;
edayGPismacarBuT§sasna. ]TahrN_ebIeTaHbICaGñksmÖar³niym
Gacnwgniyayfa vaGacmanpll¥RbesIrcMeBaHkmµNamYy Rbsin
ebIectnaRbkbedaykuslectna bu:EnþGPismacarBuT§sasna kan;
ykfa vaminGacGnuBaØati[eFIVGMeBI EdlGacebotebondl;Cnrg
eRKaH ebIeTaHCaGMeBIenaHGac[pll¥k¾eday. enHBIeRBaHfa Rkm
sIlFm’enH KYrRtUvEtCaRbeyaCn_dl;mnusSRKb;rUb )andl;buKÁlTI1
buKÁlTI2 nigbuKÁlTI3. ]bmafamanGñkdwknaMpþac;karEdleFIV[
RbCaCnTUTaMgRbeTsrgTukçKµanTIbBa©b; eBleXIjsßanPaBdUecñH
buKÁlTI1cg;smøab;Cnpþac;karenaH¬buKÁlTI2¦. Ep¥kelIGPismacar
BuT§sasna GMeBIenaHminRtUv)anGnuBaØati[eFVIeLIy bu:Enþeyagtam
c,ab;kmµRbsinebIKat;smøab;Cnpþac;karenaH BIeRBaHEtkarRBYy)armÖ
ya:gxøaMg cMeBaHesckIþsuxrbs;mnusSTUeTA ¬buKÁlTI3¦ RkitüRkm
enaHGacnwgRsaleLIg eRBaHKat;)anse®gÁaHmnusSCaeRcIn ecjBI
esckIþTukç. bu:EnþebIbuKÁlGacrkmeFüa)ay EdlRbesIrCagenH eday
Kµankarkab;smøab;enaH eXIjfaCakarRbesIrNas; meFüa)ayenH
GacnwgTTYlyk)anya:gTUlMTUlaybMputenAkñúgTsSn³BuT§sasna.
Casegçb GPismacarBuT§sasna KWepþatCaKnøwHeTAelIRkm
sIlFm’ BuT§sasnikeBalfaRkmsIlFm’KWCaRkm EdldwknaMeTA
kan;TegIVEdlKµaneTas nigKµankarebotebon mindUcCaGñksmÖar³
niym nigGñkplniymeLIy GPismacarBuT§sasna )anpþl;kar
BicarNasRmab;TegIVRKb;ya:g. ectnaCakusl kan;Etmansar³
 75
sMxan;Cagpl ]bmafaKµanectnanwgRbRBwtþxus TegIVenaHmin)ancat;
faCaGMeBIGaRkk;eLIy eRBaHfaTegIVenaHxVHGkuslectna eday
]TahrN_famanbursxVak;mñak; edIreTAtampøÚvrbs;Kat; CYnCaécdnü
Kat;CMBb;eCIgeTAelIekµgtUcEdlGgÁúyenAelIpøÚvenaH ehIyekµgenaH
k¾søab;eTA. Ep¥kelIGPismacarBuT§sasna bursxVak;enaHKµaneTaseT
eRBaHKat;KµanGkuslectnanwgsmøab;ekµgenaHeLIy ebIeTaHCaTegIV
enaH)an[plGaRkk;k¾eday dUecñHBuT§sasnikmanCMenOya:gmaMfa
kuslectnamansar³sMxan;Cagpl eRBaHfakuslectna rEmg[
pll¥kñúgkalCaTIbMput.
eyIgBüayameQVgyl;BImnusS kñúgGPismacarBuT§sasna
edaykarKUsbnÞat; ]TahrN_fa GPismacarBuT§sasna KWCaRkm
sIlFm’EdlRbkbedayRkitüRkml¥. RkmsIlFm’enHCaRkitüRkm
Ep¥kelIn½ysIlFm’. ]TahrN_ TegIVEdlbuKÁleFIVedayeyagtam
RkmsIlFm’cat;Tukfal¥ BIeRBaHTegIVenaHKµaneTas nigKµankarebot
ebon. müa:gvijeTot RkmsIlFm’enHCaRbePTRkm Edldak;kar
TTYlxusRtUvelIGñkeFIV cMeBaHTegIVnigplrbs;xøÜn. dUecñH eyIgeBal
favaCakarcaM)ac;Nas;sMrab;buKÁlmñak;² kñúgkareFIVGIV²RsbtameKal
Fm’ ¬maK’aCIvit¦ edIm,IkarBarxøÜnBIkardak;eTasTNÐBIGaCJaFr nig
edIm,IeFIV[GñkdéTrYcputBIPaBP½yxøac. edaykareFIVdUecñH eyIgeCO
faTegIVrbs;buKÁlnwg[pll¥ edIm,IesckIþsuxdl;stVelakTUeTA.
cb;CMBUk3
 76

CMBUk4
RBHFm’ maKa’énCIvit
enAkñúgBuT§sasana ktþaEdlsMxan;bMputKW RBHFm’ eBalKW
maK’aénCIvit. maKa’TaMgenH rYmTaMgkarceRmInsgÁmFm’ nigsµartI
EdlRtUv)aneKsÁal;fa GdægÁikmKÁ ¬maKa’GgÁR)aMbI¦. BYkBuT§sasnik
manCMenOfa ebIKµanRBHFm’eT CIvti rbs;BYkeKnwgxVHnUvtémøénsgÁm
Fm’ nigsµartICaR)akd .
kartmál;xøÜn KWCalkçN³Biesséntémørbs;buKÁlmñak;²
ehIydwknaMbuKÁleTAkan;snþiPaB suxdumrmnadl;buKÁlxøÜnÉg nigGñk
déTpg. BYkBuT§sasnikeBalfa BYkeKeKarBya:gRCaleRCA nigedIr
tamKnøgénRBHFm’ ¬BueT§avaT¦ nigkarbeRgonrbs;RBHsgÇ BIeRBaH
elakCaGñkdwknaMEpñksµartIenAkñúgsgÁm ehIydwknaMRbCabris½TeTA
kan;karGPivDÆ EpñksgÁmFm’ nigEpñksµartI edayGnuelameTAtam
RBHFm’ EdlGaceFVIeGayBuT§bris½TmantulüPaB cMeBaHTegVIrbs;xøÜn
tamry³kay vaca citþ . karhVwkhat;enH )anbeRgon[buKÁl
ecosvag\viyabfGm ¬GnþFm’¦ eRBaHehtuenH sIlFm’BuT§sasna
CMruj[buKÁleFVIÉtTKÁkmµ kñúgkarykéRtsrNKmn_CaTIBwgTIrlwk
enAkñúgCIvPaBsasna. éRtsrNKmn_enH )andl;RBHBuT§ RBHFm’
RBHsgÇ ehIyBuT§sasnikykéRtr½tñenHCaTIBwgTIrlwk kñúgCIvitRbcaM
éf¶ . tamRbéBNImk eyIgEtgniyayfa { ´sUmdl;nUvRBHBuT§ Ca
 77
TIBwgTIrlwk/ ´sUmdl;nUvRBHFm’CaTIBwgTIrlwk/ ´sUmdl;nUvRBHsgÇ
CaTIBwgTIrlwk } .
buKÁlGacnwgsYr´nUvsMnYrmYyfa } ehtuGVI)anCaeyIgRtUvyk
RBHéRtsrNKmn_CaTIBwg? etImankarBi)ak kñúgkarTTYl)aneCaK
C½yépñksµartIedayBuM)andl;nUvéRtr½tñCaTIBwgb¤? cMelIyrbs;´KWfa
{BitCaBi)ak} BIeRBaHeKalbMNgénkarykéRtsrNKmn_ KWedIm,I
taMgcitþya:gmaMcMeBaHéRtr½tñ. enHmann½yfa buKÁlnwgedIrtammKÁú-
eTsn_ EdlENnaMedayRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ . b:uEnþRBHBuT§GgÁ
Rtas;bBa¢ak;fa { KµankarFanapÞal;xøÜneT cMeBaHkar)andl;eKaledA
enaH edayELkRBHGgÁRTg;manbnÞÚlfa { GñkxøÜnÉgKYrEtBüayam
edayxøÜnÉg tfaKtRKan;EtCaRKUGñkEdlbgðajpøÚvEtb:ueNÑaH . buKÁl
EdlcUleTAkan;maKa’ ¬mKÁ¦ ehIyRbtibtþismf nigvibsSna nwg)an
rYccakputGasvkiels }.
buKÁlCaTIBwgxøÜnÉg
enHhak;bIdUcCamanPaBpÞúyKña rvagRBHbnÞÚlrbs;RBHBuT§GgÁ
nigkarGnuvtþCak;Esþg enHBIeRBaHRBHBuT§RTg;sMEdgfa { buKÁCaTIBwg
xøÜnÉg ¬ Gtaþ hi Gtþena naefa ¦ nigfaetIGñkdéTGacCa
TIBwgdl;xøÜndUcemþc)an ¬eka hi naefa bera siya ¦?.
tamBit BMumanPaBpÞúyKñaeT rvagbT)alITaMgBIrXøaxagelI
enH. bT)alITaMgenH mann½yfa buKÁlKYrEtCaTIBwgxøÜnÉgkñúgkar
RbtibtþiFm’ sRmab;PaBeCaKC½yrbs;xøÜn edayGnuelamtam
 78
BueT§avaT. enHBIeRBaHfa KµannrNaGacceRmInsgÁmFm’ nigsaµrtI
CMnYsnrNa)aneLIy buKÁlRtUvEtCYyxøÜnÉg. kñúgkrNIenH RBHBuT§
RTg;manRBHbnÞÚlya:gc,as;fa { CakarBit GMeBIGaRkk;RtUv)aneFVI
edayxøÜnÉg buKÁlbegáItkielsedayxøÜnÉg brisuT§b¤minbrisuT§
KWGaRs½yelIxøÜnÉg KµannrNaGacbnSúT§[eK)aneLIy}. RBHBuT§
bnÞÚlenH manCIvitrs;revIkkñúgBuT§sasna . CaTUeTA RbCaCnEtgEt
Cab;CMBak;cMeBaHxøÜnrbs;BYkeK eRBaHehtuenH BYkeKrEmgekItTukç Ca
mYyGñkdéTkñúgxN³enH nigeBlxagmux . BYkeKBMueBjcitþcMeBaH
buKÁlepSg² dUcCakUnecA/ mitþPkþi nigjatisac;saelahiteLIy .
BIrbIs)þah_knøgeTAenH man])asikamñak;EdlenA San Jose
)anmkCYb´edIm,IsMueyabl;. Kat;manesckIþTukçya:gxøaMgcMeBaHkUn²
enHBIeRBaHKat;sgÇwmfakUn²rbs;Kat; nwgrs;enACamYyKat;RBmTaMg
sVamIenAkñúgpÞHEtmYy nwgCYybg;R)ak;km©I¬x©I¦CamYyKñadUecñH eTIbKat;
GacsnSMR)ak;xøHsRmab;RKYsar. edaykþIrMBwgenH Kat;nigsaVmI)an
TijpÞHFMfµI edaymanbnÞb;sMranþR)aMbnÞb; b:uEnþkUnTaMgbInak;rbs;Kat;
)ancakecjeTAkan;kEnøgepSg kñúgry³eBlbu:naµnExeRkaymkenH
edIm,IEsVgrkesrIPaBerog²xøÜn ehIyCalT§pl RsþICamþayRtUvEtlk;
pÞHedaysarkarlM)akEpñkfvika dUecñHKat;ekItTukçBMusb,aycitþcMeBaH
kUn² ehIysþIbenÞasBYkeKGMBITegVIGktþBaØÚrbs;BYkeKenH . ´)anpþl;
Gnusasn_fa { cUrcgcaMnUvRBHbnÞÚlrbs;RBHsm<úT§³ buKÁlCaTIBwgén
xøÜnÉg buKÁldéTetIGñkNahñ+ nwgCaTIBwg)an . CakarBit maneBl
xøH sUm,IEtbuKÁlxøÜnÉg k¾minGaceBjcitþCamYynwgxøÜnÉgpg etIGac
 79
[GñkdéTeBjcitþCamYyeyIgemþcekIt? ehIy´R)ab;Kat;fa {Rbsin
ebIKat;cg;rs;enAedaysuxsnþiPaB Kat;RtUvdwgBIrebobsRmbsRmYl
cMeBaHkal³eTs³ EdlERbRbYlkñúgCIvit edayrYmTaMgkUnecA jati
saelahit nigmitþPkþi RTBüsm,tþiCaedIm .l. ´manCMenOfa CIvit
nwgminEdlmanyutþiFm’sRmab;Gñkral;KñaeLIy BIeRBaHmnusSesÞIrEt
RKb;Kña rEmgcg;)anplRbeyaCn_BIGñkdéTCanic© dUecñHkaryl;BI
FmµCatiénCIvitnwgnaMmknUvsuxs¶b;. ´sgÇwmfa GñkGacbegáItsnþi-
PaB nigesßrPaBkñúgCIvitrbs;Gñk)an tamry³kareQVgyl;RBH
Fm’}. CalT§pl Kat;TTYlykeyabl;rbs;´ya:grIkray ehIy
niyayeTAkan;xøÜnKat;fa {CIvitnwgminEdlmanyutþiFm’eLIy} .
kñúgcMeNaméRtr½tñenH RBHFm’mansar³sMxan;Cagrtn³déTBIr
eTot BIeRBaHRBHFm’ b¤BueTa§vaTdUcCak,Únb¤TUk ehIykarRbtibtþiRBH
Fm’ eRbobdUcCakarEcvTUkeTAkan;eRtIyxagnay¬esrIPaB¦ b¤q¶ay
cakkielsTaMgBYg . buKÁlEdlykTICRmkenAelITUkénRBHFm’ KW
CabuKÁlenABuMTan;manesrIPaBenAeLIy }. b:uEnþCaRbéBNI BuT§sas-
nikykéRtsrNKmn_CaTICRmk. CakarBit BYkeKykxøÜnÉgCaTIBwg
TIrlwk edIm,IRbtibtþiRBHFm’ .
GPismacarBuT§sasna)ansgát;F¶n;fa BuT§sasnikKYrEtdl;
nUvRBHFm’CaTIBwg eRBaHRBHFm’CamaKa’ sRmab;rs;enAkñúgCIvitrbs;xøÜn
CamaKa’edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðasgÁm . enAkñúgXøaxagelIenH RBHFm’
RsedogKñaeTAnwgevC¢bBa¢arbs;RKUeBTüEdr. ]TahrN_fa GñkCm¶WGan
evC¢bBa¢aedayRbugRby½tþ ehIyelbfñaM[RtUvtamkarENnaMenaH Ca
 80
lT§pleXIjfa Cm¶WEdlrauMér:enaH GacnwgRtUv)anBüa)al[CasH
es,Iy dUecñHKat;nwgmanesckþIsb,ayeRtkGr\t]bma RBmTaMg
niyayBaküfaGrKuNdl;elakRKUeBTü Edl)anrkeXIj»sfd¾skþi
siT§ ehIyKat;k¾nwgEføgGMNrKuNmþgehIymþgeTot dl;RKUeBTü
Edl)anCYyBüa)alCm¶Wrbs;Kat; .
CabnþeTAeTot lkçN³BiessRsedogKñaenH BYkBuT§sasnik
)aneBalfa RBHBuT§eRbobdUcCaRKUeBTüd¾cMNanenaHÉg ehIyRBH
sgÇeRbobeTAnwgRKUeBTüGaCIvFmµta EdldwgBIrebobBüa)ald¾sm
KYrdl;Cm¶W. GñkCm¶WeRbobeTAnwgGñkkan;BuT§sasnaenHÉg ¬stV
elak¦ ehIyCm¶WraMuér:enaHKWCm¶WénbBaðasgÁm nigPaBclaclpøÚvcitþ
PaBTn;exSayxagR)aCaJsµartI nigkgVHsIlFm’ . CakarBitNas;
EdlfaRBHFm’eRbob)annwgevC¢bBa¢a BYkBuT§sasnikEtgman CMenOfa
RbsinebIbuKÁlRKan;EtGanEtRTwsþIénRBHFm’ bu:EnþBuMEdl)anhVwkhat;
b¤Rbtibtþi[)anRtwmRtUv buKÁlnwgminRCHføaeRtkGrCamYynwgRBHBuT§
KuN RBHFmµKuN RBHsgÇKuNeLIy . pÞúyeTAvij buKÁlEdlRCHføa
cMeBaHFmµKuN nwgGacdl;nUvRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇCaTIBwgTI
rlwkedayBit .
KuNFm’rbs;éRtsrNKmn_
BuT§sasniksMedAykRBHBuT§smNeKatm faCaRBHBuT§kñúg
RbvtþisaRsþ EdlCaGñkbegáItRBHBuT§sasna . RBHGgÁBMuEmnCaRBH
GaTieTBeT b:uEnþRBHGgÁCamnusSGs©arü nigCaRKUbeRgonsµartIEdl
 81
RbkbedaykurNanigbBaØajaN RBHGgÁmaneQaµHfaRBHBuT§ eRBaH
}RBHGgÁCaGñkRtas;dwg CaGñkPJak;rlwk }. RBHBuT§)anrkeXIjnUv
FmµCatiBiténRBHFm’¬Griysc©³bYneBalKWesckþIBitCasakl¦ tam
ry³karRbtibtþi RbkbeTAedayPaBeCaKC½y RBmTaMgbBaØad¾kMBUl
rbs;RBHGgÁ. CakarBitFmµCatienH mansßitenAkñúgelakenHCayUr
mkehIy KWtaMgEtBImunRBHBuT§)anRtas;mkem:øH. RBHGgÁ)anbeRgon
sav½krbs;RBHGgÁ BIrebobGnuvtþRBHFm’sRmab;karGPivDƬceRmIn¦
sµartInigsgÁmFm’ nigsRmab;sßabnasuxsnþiPaB. RBHGgÁk¾RtUv)an
eKsÁal;pgEdrfaCaRBHsBVBaØÚBuT§} ¬buKÁldwgRKb;ya:gkñúgelak¦ b¤
EdlRbkbedaysBVBaØútBaØaN²enH manlkçN³BiessbIya:gKW³
smtßPaBGacdwgsc©PaBRKb;ya:genAkñúgcRkvaLenH1 jaNGac
dwgBIrebobeTsnad¾smKYrdl;eBlevla Fm’NasmnwgbuKÁlEbb
Na1 nigjaNGacdwgfaetI R)aCaJjaNrbs;buKÁlNamYycas;køa
b¤Gt;1. edaymanlkçN³Biess R)aCaJjaNd¾kMBUlenHehIy eTIb
RBHGgÁRtas;edayxøÜnÉgehIy eFVI[GñkdéTRtas;dwgpgR)ascak
BIGviC¢a¬emah³¦ eRBaHehtuenH eTIbBYkBuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa RBH
BuT§CabuKÁlTTYlnUvkareKarBbUCaya:gGs;BIebHdUg cMeBaHesckþI
kruNanigbBaØajaNrbs;RBHGgÁ .
srNKmn_TI2KWRBHFm’ Baküfa Fm’ b¤Fmµ mann½yeRcIn
ya:gdUcCa sc©PaB bTdæan c,ab; RTwsþI yutþiFm’ sucritFm’ rebobrs;
enA GarmµN_rbs;citþ nig)atuPUtCaedIm . RBHFm’enHpÞúkkñúgRBHéRt
bidkKW vin½ybidk ¬keBa¢IEdlpÞúkedayc,ab;RkitüRkmbTbBØatþi
 82
sRmab;sgǦ sutþnþbidk ¬keBa¢IpÞúkedayRBHsURt¦ nigGPiFmµbidk
¬keBa¢IpÞúkedayTsSn³viCa¢nigcitþviC¢a¦. BuT§sasnik)anGnuvtþBueT§a
vaT enAkñúgsgÁmbc©úb,nñtamrebobbIya:gKW³ eFVIeGaymanyutþiFm’
kñúgsgÁm nigceRmInsaµrtICamYynwgPaBeCaKC½yrbs;xøÜn nigsux
snþiPaBkñúgCIvit1 eFVIeGaysgÁmkøayCakEnøgsMbUrsb,ay ÉkPaB
Kña1 nigedIm,IseRmc)andl;eKaledAcugeRkayeBalKW RBHniBaVn
enaHÉg .
srNKmn_TIbIKWRBHsgÇ EdlrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgPikçúnigPikçúnI. kñúg
BuT§sasnamnusSRKb;Kñaman»kas edIm,IbYsCasgÇ manPikçú PikçúnI
edayKµankarerIseGIgcMeBaHCnCati sBa¢ati vNѳ ePT b¤Gayu
eLIy. mansgÇBIrya:gkñúgKN³sgÇenHKW smµtisgÇ nigGriysgÇ
. KN³sgÇTIBIr eBalKWbuKÁlEdl)anseRmcmKÁpl¬karRtas;dwg¦
buKÁlBYkenHRtUv)an[eQµaHfa GriysgÇ . BuT§sasnikyksgÇ
CaTIBwgTIrlwkedayrYmTaMgsmµtisgÇ nigGriysgÇenH. RBHGtßkfa
carüeBalfa GriysgÇenaH rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgsgÇ nigRKhsßEdl)an
seRmcmKÁplrYcehIypgEdr .
enAkñúgsgÁmBuT§sasnik BMumankarykéRtsrNKmn_CaFMdMu
enaHeT KWBuT§sasnikdl;nUvRBHBuT§ RBHFm’ RBHsgÇ CaTIBwgTIrlwk
ya:gsamBaØ b:uEnþenAkñúgcMeNamBuT§sasnikTaMgGs; kMriténkaryl;
dwgcMBaHKuNéRtr½tñ KWmankMritxusKñarvagmnusSmñak; eTAmnusS
mñak;eTot. mnusSmYycMnYn Gacdl;nUvéRtsrNKmn_ CaTIBwgkñúg
eKaledAsasna kñúgxN³EdlGñkxøHdl;nUvéRtr½tñCaTIBwgTIrlwk kñúg
 83
eKalbMNgrkSaRbéBNIEtb:ueNÑaH. dUecñH eKalbMNgrbs;BYkeK
eXIjfaepSg²BIKña . ehIyxøHeTot cab;ykéRtsrNKmn_ edIm,I
CaRbeyaCn_kñúgkarGPivDÆsaµrtI xøHeTotsRmab;PaBeCaKC½ykñúg
elakIy_enH xøHeTotsRmab;CaeRKOgkarBarCIvitnwgRTBüsm,tþirbs;
BYkeK. kñúgbBaðaBitR)akdenaH enAeBlEdlbuKÁleRtkGrcMeBaH
RBHBuT§KuN RBHFmµKuN RBHsgÇKuN ehIybuKÁlnwgdl;nUvéRtr½tñCa
TIBwgRbkbedaysT§a edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_sRmab;PaBeCaKC½yépñk
sµartI nigsgÁmFm’ .

\riyabfBuT§sasnik cMeBaHesrIPaBsasna
maKa’rbs;BuT§sasnik KWedIm,Irs;enAkñúgPaBsuxdumrmna nig
snþiPaBedayeCosvascMNg;¬tNða¦d¾maM nigesckþIsuxelakIy_RKb;
ya:g. BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa karcMerInsIlFm’ nigsµartIrbs;xøÜn
nwgpþl;plCaEpøpáaya:gsMbUr dUcCaesckþIsuxxagkñúg¬pøÚvcitþ¦ snþi-
PaB nigCYyeGaybuKÁlxøÜnÉg seRmc)anesrIPaBsRmab;mnusS
RKb;Kña . edIm,ITTYl)annUvKuNsm,tþiTaMgenH smaCikRKb;KñaRtUv
ecosvagkarbgçitbgçM PaBRBehInyg;Xñg nigGMeBIhwgSadak;Gñk
déT . vaCakarcaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkarecosvagkarbMepøIsBITegVIrbs;xøÜn
sRmab;RbeyaCn_dl;sasnaxøÜnpÞal; eRBaH\riyabfEbbenH GacnaM
[manCemøaHrvagsmaCiksgÁmTaMgGs; . buKÁlGacsYrfa³ etIRBH
BuT§)aneqøIytbya:gdUcemþccMeBaHbBaðaenH?
 84
eyagtamkalamsURt sm½ymYy RBHd¾manRBHPaKRTg;
yageTAkan;RkugeksbutþCamYyPikçúsgÇeRcInrUbCabrivar. kalam Ca
buKÁlmñak;Edlrs;enAkñúgRkug)ancUlmkKal;RBHsm<úT§. TIRkugenaH
sßitenARtg;RckcUléRBRkasmYy sRmab;buKÁlEdlcg;qøgkat;éRB
enH RtUvEtQb;sRmakenAkñúgRkugmYyyb;b¤BIryb;sin . kñúgcMeNam
buKÁlTaMgenaHxøHCaRBahµN_xøHCatabs BYkeKBüayambBa©úHbBa©Úl
RbCaCnenATIenaH [edIrtamkareRbonRbedArbs;sasnaerog²xøÜn.
BYkeKniyayfa RTwsþIrbs;xøÜnl¥RtwmRtUvRbesIrsRmab;Gnuvtþ ehIy
RTwsþIsasnadéTBuMl¥RtwmRtUv KµanxøwmsarBMuKYrGnuvtþeLIy ehIyxøH
eTotriHKn;cMeBaHsasnadéT eRBaHbBaðaenH eTIbkalammancm¶l;
BYkKat;BMuGacvinicä½yfaRTwsþINaxus RTwsþINaRtUv)aneLIy . eRBaH
ehtuenHehIy BYkKat;cUleTAKal;RBHd¾manRBHPaK eTIbRBHGgÁ
Rtas;fa ³
{ mñalkalam¡ kuMTTYlnUvGVIEdlRKan;EtB¤eKniyay kMueCO
nUvGVIEdlRKan;EtCaRbéBNI kMueCOnUvGVIEdlRKan;EtCaBaküccamGa-
ram kMueCOnUvGVIEdlRKan;EtCacMNar kMueCOnUvGVIedayRKan;EtCakar
sµan kMueCOnUvGVIedayRKan;EtCakarsnñidæan kMueCOedaysarEtvaRsb
eTAnwgkarKitTukCamunrbs;Gñk kMueCOnUvGVIedayRKan;EtfaeRBaHvaKYr
nwgTTYlyk)an kMueCOnUvGVIedayKitfatabsenHCabuKÁlKYreKarB
bu:uEnþenAeBlEdlGñkdwgedayxøÚnGñkpÞal; faGVI²TaMgGs;enHminl¥
¬Gkusl¦ KYrsþIbenÞas nigbnþúHbg¥ab; edayGñkR)aCaJ . GVI²TaMgenH
ebIeyIgeFVIehIy nwgnaMeTArkPaBvinas nigesckþITukçenaH GñkKYre)aH
 85
bg;ecal . enAeBlGñkdwgedayxøÜnÉgfa TaMgenHCakusl Kµan
karsþIbenÞas nigsresIredayGñkR)aCJ enAeBleyIgeFVIehIy naMeTA
rkesckþIsux cUrGñkTTYlyknigGnuvtþcuH }.
RBHbnÞÚlrbs;RBHd¾manRBHPaK sIþBIesrIPaBCMenOsasna
enaHeBalKW RbsinebIbuKÁlbB©úaHbBa©Úl GñkdéT[eCOsasnarbs;
xøÜnedaybgçitbgçM edIm,IRbeyaCn_dl;sgÁmrbs;xøÜnenaH \riyabf
EbbenHnwgmin)anesckþIsuxsnþiPaBdl;sgÁmeLIy . enHmann½yfa
eRBaHEtsasnaEtmüa:g GacnwgbegáItesckþIsuxs¶b; ¬snþiPaB¦
sRmab;sgÁm)antamry³karyl;BItémømnusS nigmaKa’eTAkan;sux
snþiPaB. ebIsinCaskmµPaBbuKÁlCakusl minRbkbedayeTas
enaH TegVIenHnwgnaMeTArkkþIsuxsnþiPaBdl;mnusSTUeTA nigkøayCa
RbeyaCn_eTAvijeTAmkdl;mnusSRKb;Kña eRBaHehtuenHbuKÁlEdl
rs;enAkñúgsgÁmedaysuxsnþiPaB edayKµankarRbqaMgCamYysasna
déT RtUv)aneKcat;Tukfa)anrs;enAkñúgsgÁm EdleBareBjeday
esrIPaBCMenOsasna .
BuT§sasna nigmaKa’kNþal
kñúgBuT§sasna mankarbriyayCamUldæaénkarRbtibtþi Edl
eKsÁal;fa {Fmµckáb,vtþnsURt }. FmµeTsnaenH CaFm’dMbUgbg¥s;
rbs;RBHsm<úT§brmRKUéneyIg. RBHGgÁRTg;sEmþgfa buKÁlEdlcg;
ceRmIntulüPaBrbs;citþ cg;rs;enAkñúgesckIþsuxsnþiPaB nigcg;
seRmcPaBeCaKC½yEpñksaµrtI KYrEtecosvagGnþFm’ ¬pøÚvGmBIr¦
 86
eBalKW kareFVIxøÜn[rIkraykñúgkam ¬kamsuxløikanueyaK¦ nigkar
eFVIxøÜn[lM)ak¬GtþkilmfanueyaK¦. buKÁlKYredIrtammaKa’kNþal
¬mCÄimbdibTa¦enH. BitNas; RBHFmµeTsnaenH CacMNucKnøwHrbs;
BuT§sasna .
xøwmsarénFmµeTsnaenH KWedIm,IseRmcPaBeCaKC½y Epñk
saµrtIeBalKW {niBaVn } bu:EnþBuT§sasniikGnuvtþRTwsþIenH kñúgeKalbMNg
[seRmcsuxumalPaBsgÁm eRBaHBYkBuT§sasnikmanCMenOfaFm’enH
mansar³sMxan;Nas;sRmab;CIvitRbcaMéf¶. ´sUmniyayCa
]TahrN_fa bursmñak;Edl)aneCaKC½ykñúgsgÁm esdækic© neya)ay
enaH CakarBit KWbuKÁlEdl)anRKb;RKgxøÜn [R)ascakBIGnþFm’
eBalKWkareFVIxøÜn[Cab;edaykamnigkareFVIxøÜn[lM)ak. RbsinebI
buKÁlGb;rMxøÜnÉg min[gubgulkñúgkamKuN b¤Qøk;vegVgkñúgkamtNða
nigminRbRBwtþRCYsRCulkñúgsgÁm ehIyRbtibtþitamRkwtüRkmsIlFm’
¬kardmál;xøÜnmaM¦ buKÁlnwgTTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yesÞIrEtRKb;vis½y
kñúgCIvitCak;Caminxan. eRBaHehtuenH BuT§sasnikrEmgecosvag
GnþFm’TaMgBIrenHCanic© edayGnþFm’TImYy GacnwgbNþal[man
bBaðadl;sgÁm nigeFVI[témømnusSFøak;cuH ehIyTIBIr GacbegáItPaB
QWcukcab;KµanRbeyaCn_ nigeFVIeGaybBaØaTn;exSay. eRBaHehtuenaH
BuT§sasnikeCOfa karRbtibtþiGnþFm’enHKYr EtecosvagkñúgCIvit
rbs;xøÜn .
BuT§sasnikcUlcitþrIkray kñúgCIvitedayRTBüxøÜn nigPaBrIk
rayepSg²eTot b:uEnþBYkeKmin)an BüayameTAeGayhYsRBMEdn
 87
eLIy mann½yfaRBMEdnénsgÁmkarTTYlxusRtUvRKYsar mitþPkþi
CaedIm. edIm,IsßitenAkñúgRkbx½NÐ)an eXIjfacaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkar
dmál;xøÜnmaM ¬karGnuvtþdak;xøÜnkñúgvin½yRkwtüRkm¦. Rtg;cMNucenH
RTwsþIénkardmál;xøÜnmanlkçN³xusKñaBIkarRKb;RKgxøÜn . karGnuvtþ
nUvkardmál;xøÜn KWCa\riyabfviC¢manmYysRmab;xøÜnÉg nigsgÁm
bu:EnþkarRKb;RKgxøÜn CYnkalGacCa\riyabfGviC¢mandl;xøÜn nigsgÁm
eTAvij. elIsBIenHkardmál;xøÜnenH EtgRbkbedayRkmsIlFm’
nigkatBVkic©sgÁm kñúgxN³EdlkarRKb;RKgxøÜnenaH GacCakarRbkb
edaykardak;sMBaFsgÁm¬tMrUvkar¦. dUecñH vaCakarRbesIrNas;
sRmab;RKb;KñakñúgkarmanGMNacpøÜvcitþsRmab;dmál;xøÜn .
edIm,IRbtibtþitamGdægÁikmKÁ¬maKa’GgÁR)aMbI¦ eXIjfacMa)ac;
Nas;kñúgkarseRmcedayeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’ nigsaµrtI. tamBit
tulüPaBpøÜvcitþCasBaØaénPaBcas;køa nigesßrPaBpøÚvcitþ nigRbkb
edaysnþiPaBEdlnaMbuKÁleTAdl;eKaledArbs;xøÜn. dUecñH vtßúbMNg
énkarRbtibtþitammaKa’GgÁR)aMbI KWedIm,IeFIV[citþsßitenAkñúgtulüPaB
enAeBlEdlcMNg;elakIy_ nigskmµPaBRbTUsþra:ynanaekIteLIg
¬b:HTgÁic¦ CamYybuKÁlenaH. enAkñúg GtßbTPasa)alI 6 )anEck
GdægÁikmKÁ CabIEpñkKW ³ sIl smaFi nigbBaØa Edlmankñúgtarag
dUcxageRkamenH

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/ elaksMedAyk RBHéRtbidk PaKeRcIneRbICaPasaGg;eKøsfa { Pāli text } dUecñH
 88

karniyayRtUv ¬smµavaca¦
sIl kareFVIRtUv ¬smµakmµnþa¦
karrs;enARtUv ¬smµaGaCIeva¦
karBüayamRtUv ¬smµavayam¦
karrlwkRtUv ¬smµasti¦
smaFi kardMkl;citþRtUv ¬smµasmaFi¦

karyl;RtUv ¬smµaTidæI¦
bBaØa
karKitRtUv ¬smµasgáb,¦

bc©úb,nñenH BuT§sasnikCn)aneFVIkargarRbcaMéf¶ tammaKa’

kNþalenHya:gTUlMTUlay. skmµPaBTaMgGs;enH rYmmanCIvPaB
sgÁm TMnak;TMngRKYsar mitþPaB BaNiC¢kmµ karGb;rM nigskmµPaB
epSg²eTot . BuT§sasnik)aneBalya:gmutmaMfa maKa’kNþal
mansar³RbeyaCn_ minRtwmEtsRmab;smiT§iplsgÁmb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþ
EfmTaMgsRmab;tulüPaBsgÁmpgEdr. ´k¾manCMenOya:genHEdr
eRBaHenAkñúgsIlxn§ manvacaRtUv kargarRtUv nigkarciBa©wmCIvitRtUv.
enAkñúgsgÁmnImYy² mnusSRtUv)aneKsgÇwmfa mnusSnwgeFVIskmµPaB
RbkbedayPaBesµaHRtg; enHCakarsMxan;Nas; sRmab;BuT§sasnik
Cn kñúgkarBüayamEdlminmaneTasedIm,IEsVgrkcMNUl edIm,InwgEf
 89
TaMRkumRKYsarrbs;xøÜn. BYkBuT§sasnikedayBit EtgEtykcitþTuk
dak;cMeBaHkarciBa©wmCIvitrbs;xøÜnRsbtamRkmsIlFm’ .
sIl KWCamUldæandMbUgbMputenAkñúgmaKa’TaMgbIenH ebIKµansIl
Fm’kñúgxøÜneTenaH témøénCIvitnwgBMumanGtßn½yeLIy dUecñHeyIg)an
elwkTwkcitþya:gxøaMgkøadl;BYkRKhsß edIm,I[xitxMGb;rMxøÜn[sßitenA
kñúgsIlFm’¬kardmál;xøÜn¦. enAeBlmYy ´)anCYbGñkensaTmñak;
enAkñúgRbeTsPUma EdlciBa©wmCIvitedaykarensaTRtI ehIylk;enA
elITIpSar . CakarBit Kat;CaGñkbUCaxøÜncMeBaHBuT§sasna nigRBHsgÇ
ya:gBitR)akd. edayeXIjsßanPaBdUcenH ´)anniyayCamYyKat;
fa { ])ask¡ GatµaPaBdwgfaejammanTUkensaTbYnb¤R)aM nigRTBü
sm,tþimYycMnYneTot dUcCadIERsCaeRcInhikta nighagtUc²BIrb¤bI
eTot enAkñúgpSar. BitNas; ejamdwgc,as;BIGaCIvrbs;xøÜnCagGatµa
EdlRbkbedayTegVIhak;dUcCaeXareXA éRBépS KµankþIemtþakñúgcitþ
esaHeLIy. ´)anelIkykerOgniTanmYy mkniTanR)ab;Kat;CabT
BicarNa faetIejamdwgeT kñúgsm½ymYy RBHeBaFistV)aneyan
eyaKkMeNItCakUnRbusnayensaTmñak; ehIymanesckþIesamnsS
rIkrayCamYymatabitarbs;xøÜn EdlEtgEteFVITaruNkmµ b¤smøab;
stVRtI . enHmann½yfa ebIeTaHCaRBHeBaFistV BMu)ancUlrYmCamYy
nwgGaCIBrbs;matabita kñúgkarsmøab;RtIenHk¾eday b:uEnþelakman
ectnaKaMRTcMeBaHTegVIxusrbs;matabitaenaHEdr. dUecñHCalT§pl ebI
eTaHRBHGgÁ)anRtas;CaRBHBuT§ehIyk¾eday k¾RBHGgÁenAmanCm¶WQW
RBHeksraMuér:Canic©. Gkuslkmµ BitCaKYr[xøacEmnETn } .
 90
bnÞab;mk´Qb;niyaybnþic ehIyRkeLkemIlmuxrbs;Kat;
eXIjhak;dUcCaeLIgsøaMgesøk ehIyKat;niyaymk´fa { etI´eFVI
ya:gNa cMeBaHmuxrbrrbs;´enH ´KµanCMnajNaepSg edIm,Irs;eRkABI
karensaTenHeT } eRBaHehtuenH ´)an[Gnusasn_fa { RbesIr
ehIy GñkeXIjeT GñkmanTUk nigRTBüsm,itþmYycMnYneTot dUecñH
GñkGacbþÚrmuxrbrBIkarensaTenH)an. GñkGacCYlTUk[GñkEdl
RtUvkar sRmab;RbkbGaCIvkmµ ehIyeKGaceFVIGVI² EdleKcg;eFVIdUc
CadwkTMnij b¤cMlgGñkdMeNIrBIeRtIymçageTAmçageTot. ehIyGñk
nigRKYsarGaclk;eRKOgeTsn_kñúghagrbs;Gñk)an CalT§pl ´eCO
Cak;faGñk nigRKYsarGacnwgrIkrayCamYynwgGaCIB EdlRbkbeday
smµaGaCIevarbs;xøÜn } Kat;k¾RBmTTYlykeyabl;rbs;´ ehIy
fµI²enH ´)anTTYlsMbuRtBIRKYsarenaH edayniyayfaBYkeKsux
sb,ay ehIyrIkrayCamYynwgPaBeCaKC½ykñúgGaCIBfµIrbs;xøÜn .
edIm,IkøayxøÜnCabuKÁlKYrTTYlnUvkarsresIr kñúgsmµaGaCIeva
rbs;xøÜn sIlFm’BuT§sasna)anelIkTwkcitþ mnusS[rkR)ak;cMNUl
edayGnuelamtamRkmsIl ehIylk;TMnijrbs;xøÜn edayBwgEp¥kelI
GPismacar sIlFm’pgEdr. enAkñúgBuT§sasna BYkRKhsßBMuRtUv
)anGnuBaØati[eFVICMnYjR)aMRbkar dUcxageRkamenHeLIyeBalKW³ 1-
karCYjs®sþavuF/ 2-lk;mnusS 3-smøab;stVCaGahar 4-Rsa
nigeRKOgejónepSg² nig5-fñaMBul. BIeRBaHCMnYjRbePTenH RtUv)an
cat;TukfaGMeBIGmnuusSFm’ eXareXA éRBépS ehIyeRKOgRsvwgvij
RtUv)anTTYlCaTUeTAkñúgvis½yCMnYj eRBaHmnusScat;TukvtßúenHfaRsb
 91
c,ab;. b:uEnþBuT§sasnikeCOfa Gñklk;TMnijRbePTenHRtUvEtbBa©úH
bBa©ÚlmnusS ehIybNþal[GñkeRbIR)as;Lb;b¤)at;bg;sµartI edIm,ICa
RbeyaCn_dl;xøÜn. ectnarbs;buKÁlBYkenH GacBuMEmnl¥eLIycMeBaH
GñkdéT eRBaHm©as;CMnYjGacdwknaMGñkeRbIR)as; [køayCaGñkRbmwk
ehIyxUcsuxPaBeTotpg. eRBaHehtuenH eTIbBYkBuT§sasnikEtgEt
BüayamecosvagBICMnYjRbePTenHtamlT§PaBrbs;xøÜn .
b:unµanExknøgeTAenH bursmñak;eFVIkarkñúg)ar Gs;ry³eBl15
qñaMkñúgrdæ Los Angeles )anmkeFVIsmaFienAkñúgmCÄmNÐlrbs;´
ehIy)anniyayR)ab;´fa { ´)anmkeFVIkarkñúg)areBlyb; Gs;ry³
eBl15qñaM eTaHbI´dwgfakarRbkbrbrciBa©wmCIvitrbs;´ minRbkb
edaysmµaGaCIevak¾eday vaBi)aknwgcakecjBI)areBkNas; BIeRBaH
´GacrkR)ak;cMNUl)anedaygay enAeBl´kan;EtGacbBa©úHbBa©Úl
GñkRsvwgTaMgenaH ´kan;EtGacrkcMNUl)aneRcIn. eBleXIjGñk
RsvwgxøaMgxøH CYnkalk¾eQøaHKña ehIyCYnkalk¾mankar)aj;e)aHKña
pgEdr ehIy´BMurIkrayCamYynwgkargarenHeT b:uEnþ´BMuGaccakecj
)an edaysar´eFVIkarenATIenaHGs;15qñaMmkehIy. ´dwgfaCIvit
rbs;´minl¥eLIysRmab;GñkdéT dUecñHeBlenH´RtUvbgçMcitþcakecj
BITIenaH ehIyEsVgrkkargarepSgeTot . \LÚvenH´kMBugeroncak;
m¢úlviTüasa®sþBüa)alCm¶Wtamk,Üncin edaysg,wmfa´nwgGacrIk
rayCamYymuxGaCIBenH }. ´manesckþIsb,ayEmnETn edaydwg
fakarseRmccitþrbs;Kat;BitCakarRtwmRtUv ehtuenHehIy´)anR)ab;
Kat;fa { GñkRtUvEtBüayamCamYykargarGaCIBfµIenH ebImindUcenaH
 92
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niyayfa { ´sUmsnüafanwgmineFVIkargarenaHeToteLIy} . kñúgkar
RbtibtþiBuT§sasna smµaGaCIeva¬karcBa©wmCIvitRtUv¦ manRbeyaCn_
ya:grs;revIk edIm,ICMrujesckIþsux[ekIteLIg nigbegáItkarrIkceRmIn
EpñksµartIEfmeTot. CakarBitkarciBa©wmCIvitRtUvCaEpñkmYykñúgmaKa’
kNþal .
pøÚvGmnaMmknUvbBaðasgÁm
pÞúyeTAvijpøÚvGm GacnaMmknUvPaBtantwg b¤bBaðasgÁm
edaymnusSGacCYbRbTHbBaðaCaeRcIn rYmTaMgvibtþineya)ay kS½yTun
nigPaBRkIRkkñúgRbeTsCaedIm . cab;epþImBIcMNucenH mnusSmYycMnYn
EdleKarBcMeBaHRKIsþsasna EtgEteBalfaRbeTsBuT§sasnaCa
RbeTsRkIRk eRBaHEteKalneya)ayrbs;RbeTs BwgEp¥keTAelI
TsSn³BuT§sasna. ´eCOfakarriHKn;rbs;BYkeK KWBMuEp¥kelIehtupl
[)ansmrmüeLIy BYkeKBMu)anyl;c,as;BIPaBxusKñarvag\riyabf
BuT§sasna nigneya)ayTal;EtesaH. BuT§sasnik GnuvtþeKal
karN_GhwgSa nigmaKa’snþiPaB cMENkÉGñkdwknaMneya)aybgçitbgçM
hwgSanigmaKa’bgás®gÁamvij dUecñHBIFmµCatibuKÁlGñkkan;sasna BMu
cg;Bak;B½n§kñúgskmµPaBneya)ayeLIy. ehIyCalT§pl Gñkdwk
naMneya)ay)aneqøótykRbeyaCn_ cab;kan;GMNacedIm,IRKb;RKg
RbeTsrhUtdl;Gs;CIvit. ´sUmniyayfa enAkñúgRbeTsGñkkan;
BuT§sasna enAGasIuPaKeRcInénGñkdwknaMneya)ay KWCaCnpþac;kar
 93
nigkumµnisþniym BYkeKBMu)anGnuvtþtammaKa’BuT§sasna eBalKWmaKa’
kNþalenaH BitR)akdedaysuT§citþeLIy. pÞúyeTAvij BYkeKGnuvtþ
tampøÚvGm kñúgRbeTsrbs;xøÜnenaH ehIyBMucaM)ac;q¶l;eLIy eRBaH
maKa’GmenH EtgnaMmknUvbBaðasgÁm neya)aykñúgRbeTs. Rbsin
ebIKµanrebobrbbneya)ayRtwmRtUv KµanesßrPaBkñúgRbeTseLIy
ehIy´eCOfa sßanPaBenaH nwgnaMRbeTsQaneTArkPaBRkIRk nig
karrMeCIbrMCYl PaBvwkvrCaminxan .
´minyl;RsbeLIy EdlfabBaðaRKwHéns®gÁam CemøaHkñúg
sgÁmPaB\tsNþab;Fñab; nigPaBRkIRk KWbNþalmkBIsasnaCa
mUleLIy b:uEnþ´manCMenOya:gmaMfa bBaðaCamUldæanEdlbgás®gÁamKW
neya)ay . Gñkneya)ay manbMNgkñúgkarGnumtieKalneya)ay
d¾mhs©arürbs;xøÜnsRmab; CatimYyedIm,IBRgwgGMNacrbs;xøÜn eday
kNþab;édEdk. CakarBit sIlFm’BuT§sasnaBMu)anelIkTwkcitþmnusS
[GnuvtþeKalneya)ayhwgSa QøanBan bgçitbgçMeLIy. enHBIeRBaH
\riyabfrbs;BuT§sasnik cUlcitþrs;enAkñúgsuxsnþiPaB. bEnßmBIenH
eTot BuT§sasnikcg;køayCaGñkman RbsinebIRTBüenaH Ep¥kelImUl
dæanénkargarRbkbedaysIlFm’ EdlRbkbedaysucrit nigKµan
eTas . ebImindUecñaHeT vamincaM)ac;eLIy sRmab;BYkeKkñúgkarkøay
CaGñkman BYkeKcg;rs;enAedaysnþiPaBRbesIrCag eRBaHehtuenH
BuT§sasnikeBalfa FmµCatiéns®gÁamKWpÞúyBIFmµCatiénsnþiPaB nig
esckþIsuxkñúgsgÁm . dUecñH RbsinebImansnþiPaB nigsuxumalPaB
 94
sgÁm enaHnigKµans®gÁameLIy CakarBit s®gÁam nigsnþiPaB
EtgEtpÞúyKñaCanic© .
Gtßn½yrbs;maKa’kNþal

eKalbMNgd¾sMxan; kñúgkarRbtibtþitammaKa’kNþal ¬mCÄim

mKÁ¦ KWedIm,IeFVI[CIvitrbs;buKÁlmantulüPaBRbkbedaysnþiPaB.
BuT§sasnikBüayamRbRBwtþ [køayxøÜnCabuKÁl RbkbedayRkmsIl
Fm’ kñúgRKb;sßanPaB dUcCaeFVICMnYj karEsVgrkR)ak;cMNUl nigeFVI
karsMrab;GñkdéTCaedIm. edaykareFVIdUecñH BYkeKmanTMnukcitþxøÜnÉg
cMeBaHsIlFm’EbbFmµCatipÞal;rbs;xøÜn. enAeBlmYy manBuT§sas
nikmñak;)aneBalfa muneBlEdlKat;)ankøayCaBuT§sasnik d¾Cak;
lak;enaH Kat;manbMNgcg;begáInkMérCMnYjrbs;Kat; edayminxVl;
cMeBaHGtifiCneLIy ehIyCalT§pl Kat;manbBaðaCaeRcInenAeBl
eFVICMnYjenaH. Kat;TTYlkarKabsgát; karrGU‘rTaM sþIbenÞasCaeRcIn BI
GtifiCnrbs;xøÜn ehIyKat;k¾TTYl)ankMérticpgEdr kñúgry³eBl
dMeNIrkarya:gyUr nigmankarGs;sgÇwm cMeBaHBaNiC¢kmµrbs;xøÜn.
eRkaymk Kat;)anpøas;bþÚr\riyabf cMeBaHBaNiC¢kmµrbs;xøÜn eday
Ep¥kelIRkmsIlFm’BuT§sasna. enAeBlKat;lk;TMnij Kat;ykcitþ
Tukdak; cMeBaHGtifiCnrbs;Kat; edIm,I[)anTTYlRbeyaCn_eTAvij
eTAmk CalT§pl KWfaKat;manesckIþrIkrayCagmun. Gtßn½yén
\riyabfrbs;Kat; KWfaKat;kan;EtmanTMnukcitþ kñúgkareFVIBaNiC¢kmµ
 95
edaysßitkñúgPaBs¶b;¬snþi¦CamYyGaCIvkmµenaH. dUecñH BuT§sasnik
manbMNg kñúgkarGnuvtþmaKa’kNþalenH sUm,IEtkñúgskmµPaBCIvit
RbcaMéf¶ nigkarTTYlxusRtUvsgÁm elImaKa’énPaBeCaKC½yrbs;
buKÁlmñak;².
BuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa ebIeTaHbICaRkmsIlFm’ sßitenAKWCa
mUldæanRKwHrbs;BuT§sasnak¾eday GPismacarBuT§sasna manbJs
eTAelIcMeNHdwg ¬enaHeBalKWcMeNHdwgsþIBIkmµ nigcMeNHdwgEpñkRBH
Fm’¦. BuT§sasnikmin)aneCOelIGVI EdlekIteLIgedayécdnü b¤
eRBgvasnaeLIy bu:EnþmankarBwgBak;xøÜnÉg edIm,I)andl;eKaledA
rbs;xøÜn eRBaHehtuenaH bBaØasikçaRtUvcat;TukCacMNucKnøwH nigCa
mKÁúeTsn_d¾Cak;lak;mYy. enAelImaKa’kNþalenH smaFisikçaman
karGb;rMsµartI ¬sti¦ sm,tiþpøÚvcitþ nigesßrPaB EdlnwgTTYlxusRtUv
cMeBaHkaredaHRsayCamYyGviC¢a¬emah³¦ nigPaBvivtþ\tQb;Qr
kñúgkaredIrelImaKa’ RbkbedaysIlFm’¬GPismacar¦. dUecñH buKÁl
EdldwgBIviFIGnuvtþtammaKa’kNþal edIm,ICIvitenAkñúgsgÁm GacCa
RbeyaCn_dl;xøÜnÉgnigGñkdéTpgEdr.
edaysegçb edIm,IeFIV[maK’akNþalenH kan;EtmanRbeyaCn_
Cak;EsþgenaH sIlFm’BuT§sasna sEmþgfacaM)ac;Nas; kñúgkar
RbtibtþiCMhandMbUg eBalKWkaresBKb;CamYysb,úrsCn klüaN
mitþ CamYysb,úrsCnKWCaRbeyaCn_ nwgGacCaCMnYydl;buKÁl kñúg
karceRmInGdægÁikmKÁ CalT§pl buKÁlGaceFVIcitþrbs;xøÜn [sßitenA
kñúgtulüPaBya:gCMnaj nigRbsiT§iPaB kñúgkarbegáItesckþIl¥¬)armI¦
 96
kñúgCIvitRbcaMéf¶. BuT§sasnikeBalfa xøwmsarénmaKa’kNþal KW
edIm,InaMbuKÁleTAkan;PaBeCaKC½yEpñksµartI nigesckþIsuxkñúgsgÁm
RbkbedaymaK’asnþiPaB. elIsBIenHeTAeTot maK’akNþalCa
GPismacarsakl EdlEckrMElknUvtémørbs;xøÜn CamYymnusSRKb;
KñaEdlmansT§a kñúgkarRbtibtþimaKa’enaHedayBitR)akd .
enHCaerOgCak;Esþg edIm,IbgðajfamaKa’kNþalnaMbuKÁleTA
kan;esckþIsuxkñúgsgÁmya:gNa. enAkñúgmCÄmNÐlrbs;eyIg man
yayCICnCatievotNamcMNas;mñak; Edl)anbYsedayGnuelamtam
RbéBNImhayan. Kat;)anrs;enAkñúgmCÄmNÐlrbs;eyIg CagbI
qñaMmkehIy² ceRmInsmaFienAeBlKat;maneBl ehIyKat;k¾emIlEf
BYkeyaKavcr Edlmkkan;mCÄmNÐlrbs;eyIg edIm,IceRmInsmaFi
mþgmáalpgEdr. CalT§pl CIvitrbs;Kat;hak;dUcCamanesckþIsux
nigs¶b;es¶ómNas; b:uEnþBIrExknøgeTAenH Kat;nigkUnRsIeBArbs;Kat;
mñak;)anmkCYb´ ehIyniyayGMBIsßanPaBRKYsarrbs;Kat;R)ab;´.
Kat;)anR)ab;´CaPasaevotNam ¬kUnRsIrbs;Kat;bkERbCa
PasaGg;eKøsR)ab;´¦ faBYkkUnrbs;Kat; nwgmkkan;mCÄmNÐlrbs;
eyIg kñúgeKalbMNgeFVITan enAGaTitüeRkay. Kat;)ansMu[´sEmþg
FmµkfaxøImYy . ehtuplsRmab;sMeNIenH KWKat;cg;rs;enAkñúg
mCÄmNÐl nigrIkraykñúgCIvitCadUnCI b:uEnþkUn²rbs;Kat;TaMgGs;
¬elIkElgkUnRsIeBA¦ minyl;RsbcMeBaHkarrs;enA kñúgmCÄmNÐl.
´)ansYrKat;fa { ehtuGVI)anCaBYkeKminyl;Rsb?} Kat;niyayfa
{ eRBaHBYkeKcg;[Kat;rs;enACamYy } ehIy´)anniyayeTAkan;Kat;
 97
eTotfa { ´nwgCYy b:uEnþ´minGacFanafa etIBYkeKnwgRBmTTYlyk
Gnusasn_rbs;´b¤Gt; } enaHeT .
mYys)þah_eRkaymk dUnCIrUbenaHRBmTaMgkUnTaMgR)aMBIrnak;
rbs;Kat;)anmkCYb´. ´)ansYrBYkKat;fa { etIGñkmaneBlxøH
sRmab;sþab;Fmµkfab¤eT?}. BYkeKtbfa }kruNa BYkeyIgman }.
bnÞab;´manbMNgBnül;BYkeKBI { CIvit nigsiT§i } edayR)ab;BYkeKfa
{ mnusSRKb;KñaKYrEtmansiT§Ikñúgkarrs;enA } bu:EnþCYnkaleyIgbk
RsayBIGtßn½yrbs;siT§ienHepSg²BIKña ehIyeBlxøHkarbkRsay
rbs;eyIgRtUv ehIyeBlxøHxusRsLH. enHBIeRBaHbTBiesaFn_CIvit
rbs;eyIgEtgEtmanlkçN³xus²Kña. ´manCMenOfabTBiesaFn_CIvit
rbs;Gñkral;KñaBMuTan;cas;køaeT ebIeRbobeTAnwgmþayrbs;Gñk enH
eRBaHGñkral;KñaenAekµg ¬eRbobnwgdUnCIenaH¦. dUecñHGñkTaMgGs;Kña
TamTarfamþayrbs;xøÜn RtUvEtrs;enAÉpÞHCamYYy. CakarRbesIrehIy
sRmab;Kat; b:uEnþminEmnGñkeLIy. cUreyIgniyayfamþayrbs;Gñk
Gacnwgsñak;enACamYyGñkral;Kña edIm,ICYybMeBjtRmUvkarrbs;Gñk.
Cakartbsñg mþayrbs;Gñkcg;[Gñkral;Kña rs;enAkñúgpÞHEtmYy
CamYyKat; etIGacRbRBwtþeTA)aneT? l¥Nas;RbsinebIGñkTaMgGs;Kña
nwgyl;RBmCamYytRmUvkarrbs;Kat; ehIyKat;k¾minKYryl;RBmCa
mYybMNgrbs;GñkdUcKñaEdr. bMNgrbs;Kat;KWfa Kat;mincg;[Gñk
rs;enApÞHepSg²BIKña b¤kEnøgepSg²Kña etIRbRBwtþeTArYceTsRmab;Gñk
TaMgGs;Kña edIm,Iyl;RsbCamYybMNgrbs;mþayGñk? } ´)ansYrBYk
eKerog²xøÜn ehIyBYkeKeqøIyfa { eT BMuGaceTArYceT } .
 98
´)anniyaybgðajfa { GñkTaMgGs;KñaFMFat;lµmehIy ehIy
\LÚvenH GñkTaMgGs;eFVIkargarpg karTTYlxusRtUvrbs;mþayGñk
cMeBaHkUn² hYsnigcb;sBVRKb;ehIyEdr dUecñHGñkTaMgGs;KñaKYrEt
yl;BIsiT§irbs;Kat;pg. ´dwgfaKat;RsLaj;Gñkral;KñaxøaMgNas;
b:uEnþbMNgrbs;Kat;KWcg;rs;enAkñúgGaramCadUnCI CakEnøgEdlKat;
GacceRmInkmµdæan)an eBlNaEdlKat;TMenr. dUcGñkral;Kñadwg
Rsab;ehIyfa Kat;manbTBiesaFn_CIviteRcIn manTaMgPaBrMePIb Tukç
sb,ay PaBsþayeRkay TYjyM nigkarjjwm eBlEdlKat;ecj
BIevotNammkkan;shrdæenH. Kat;dwgBIrebobrIkray kñúgCivitEdl
enAsl;cugeRkayrbs;Kat;. cUryl;BIsiT§iénkarrs;enArbs;Kat;pg
ehIycUrrIkraysb,ayCamYyKat; kñúgzan³Camþayrbs;Gñk nigCadUn
CI EdlfVayCIvitrbs;Kat; kñúgnamBuT§sasnikBitR)akdmYyrUb. ´
yl;favaBuMCabBaðaeTfaetIGñkral;Kña sb,ayrIkrayCamYyKat;b¤Gt;
EtKat;nwgyl;BIGñk ehIyrIkrayCamYyGñk kñúgzan³CakUnrbs;Kat; }
´)anbBa©b;Fmµkfa ehIymñak;kñúgcMeNamBYkeKTaMgGs; )anEføg
GMNrKuNcMeBaH´ Edl)anBnül;BICIvitnigsiT§I dl;BYkeK ehIyCa
yfaehtu BYkeKyl;RBmCamYYybMNgrbs;mþayxøÜnya:grIkray. Ca
kareqøIytb dUnCIrUbenaH)anyl;RBmrs;enApÞHCamYyBYkkUn² kñúg
ry³eBlbIEx. enAdMNac;ExTIbI Kat;nwgvilRtLb;mkmCÄmNÐl
kñúgbMNgcMNayCIvitEdlenAsl; bUCacMeBaHPaBeCaKC½yEpñksµartI
rbs;Kat;. b:uEnþ´yl;eXIjfa eBlxøHCIvitrbs;eyIg begþIttRmUv
karCaeRcInmkelIeyIg.
 99

CMBUk5

sIlFm’naMeTArkPaBeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’nigsµartI
Fmµ³ sIlFm’ bBaØa nigGPismacarmUldæan KWCaKnøwHénmaK’a
rbs;BuT§sasnik. BuT§sasnikmanbMNg edIm,IrkSanUvTMnak;TMng
sgÁm RbkbedaysuxsniþPaBCamYyGñkdéT ehIybegáItsgÁmmYy
EdlmanesckIþsux nigesßrPaBedaykarGnuvtþtamsIlFm’ RBmTaMg
maK’akNþalpgEdr. enAeBlenaH BYkeKpÞal;manbMNg kñúgkar
ceRmInsIlFm’ nigGPismacarpgEdr. edIm,IbMeBjnUvsIlFm’enH
BYkeK)anRbtibtiþeKalkarN_bYny:ag énkareFIVbUrNkmµdl;sgÁmCa
mUldæan 1/KWkarbric©aK¬Tan¦ 2/BaküsMdIEp¥mBieraH Rbkbeday
RbeyaCn_¬biyvaca¦ 3/esvaedIm,ICasuxumalPaB rbs;GñkdéT
¬Gtþcriya¦ nig 4/KuNsm,tiþénkarcUlrYm ¬smandæata¦. eRBaH
ehtuenH BuT§sasnik )aneBalfasIlFm’BuT§sasna CakarGnuvtþ
Cak;Esþg EdlnaMbuKÁl[seRmceKaledArbs;xøÜn edaysarkar
GnuvtþsIlFm’enaH².
kñúgBuT§sasna sIlFm’ nigsµartIRtUv)aneK[témøy:agx<s;
enAkñúgTsSn³sIlFm’enH. KuNsm,tiþenHKWCabc©½y ehIyBwgEp¥k
elIesckIþeBjcitþ cMeBaHbrikmµbYny:agEdlsIþGMBIkuslenaHKW ³ sT§a
sIl caK nigbBaØa. CaTUeTABuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa brikmµbYny:ag
 100
enHRtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCasIlFm’rbs;mnusS. dUecñHBuT§sasnikman
bMNgedIm,IbMeBjnUvsIlFm’ EdlRbkbCamYynigbrikmµTaMgbYnenH.
etIsT§aCaGIV ? sT§aKWCabBaØanigCMenOkñúgRBHBuT§KuN RBHFmµ
KuN RBHsgÇKuN nigc,ab;kmµ. kñúgGPismacarBuT§sasna sT§aenH
manlkçN³xusKñaBICMenO¬Tidæi¦ sT§aenHmanlkçN³énCMenOTukcitþkñúg
mKÁ cMENkÉCMenOdéTeTot KWCaRbBn§½énkarTTYlyksasnaeTv
kfa¬GaTieTB¦CaedIm. edayeyagtamRBHGPiFmµ sT§aBitR)akd
KWRbkbedaykuslectsik kñúgxN³eBlEdlCMenOdéTRbkbeday
kuslpgnigGkuslectsikpg dUecñHBuT§sasnikmanCMenOfa ebIKµan
sT§amutmaMeT BYkeKminGacnwgeFIVkarRbtibtiþ b¤ceRmInstibBaØasµartI
EfmeTot)aneLIy.
sIlFm’rbs;buKÁlmñak;² KWdUcKñaeTAnwgKuNFm’EdlbegIánnUv
lkçN³énkartmál;xøÜn. tYnaTI;manGMNacEdlGacbegIátnUvPaBGac
Tukcitþ)an sRmab;buKÁlxøÜnÉgnigGñkdéT. CIvitkñúgsgÁmrbs;
buKÁlmñak;² \riyabfRbkbedaysIlFm’rbs;buKÁlenaH² RtUv)an
eK[kitiþysy:agx<s;edayBYkBuT§sasnik eRBaHsb,úrsCnenaH² Ca
buKÁlKYrCaTITukcitþ)an nigCamnusSsRmab;sgÁm. dUecñH sIlFm’
rbs;buKÁl GacCYy[seRmcPaBeCaKC½ykñúgsgÁm)an. enAkñúg
BuT§sasna karGnuvtþ[TanenH mansar³sMxan;pgEdr sRmab;CIvit
rbs;buKÁlkñúgsgÁm. sb,úrsCn KYrEtmanlkçN³sm,tiþdUcxag
eRkamenH KWkarecHdak;xøÜn1 citþTUlay1 citþl¥1 nigrIkraykñúg
kar[1. sar³sMxan;bMputénsb,úrsCnGñk[Tan KWkarykQñH
 101
PaBCamnusSkMNaj;¬mcäiriy¦edaykar[Tan dUcEdlRBHsmµasm<úT§
RTg;Rtas;fa }buKÁlGacykQñHesckIþkMNaj;edaykar[Tan }.
GñkRkIRknigmnusSPaKeRcIn rEmgekatsresIrcMeBaH\riya-
bf rbs;CnCasb,úrsTaMgLay dUecñHsb,úrsCnenaH² GacTTYl
)anPaBeCaKC½ykñúgsgÁmy:aggay tamry³kargarRbkbeday
sb,úrsFm’rbs;xøÜn. bBaØak¾GacbegIátnUvKuNFm’ rbs;mnusSEdr
edaybuKÁlGackarBarxøÜnÉgBIPaBggwtggl; ¬emah³¦ kargarmin
Rsbc,ab; RbkbedayeTasepSg² nigmicäaTidæi. CnRbkbedaybBaØa
RtUv)aneK[kitiþys nigTTYlkarsresIrBIsMNak;sgÁmTUeTA dUecñH
KuNsm,tiþbYny:agenH rEmgEtgEtRbkbCamYy PaBeCaKC½yEpñk
sgÁmFm’ nigsµartIsRmab;buKÁlxøÜnÉgnigGñkdéTpg.
esckIþsuxCIvitenApÞH¬RKhsߦ
BuT§sasnikcg;manesckIþsxu bYnRbePT enAeBlEdlBYkeK
kMBugrs;enAkñúgCIvitRKYsar. PaBeCaKC½yénesckIþsuxbYny:agenH
KWBwgEp¥kelIRkmsIlFm’ EdlBRgwgsuxumalPaBTaMgbuKÁlxøÜnÉgnig
sgÁm. eKmanCMenOfaedaykarmineFIVGIVxus sb,úrsCnenaH² eFIV[
R)akdnUvKuNFm’rbs;xøÜn ehIyBRgIkvaedIm,ICaesckIþsux dl;Gñk
déT. CakarBit GPismacarBuT§sasna )anelIkTwkcitþbuKÁl[
bMeBjnUvesckIþsuxbYny:agenHsRmab;xøÜnÉg. esckIþbYnenHKW³
1/Gtßisux - esckIþsuxedaymanesßrPaBxagesdækic© 2/ePaKsux-
esckIþsuxedaykarEckrMElkRTBüCamYyGñkdéT 3/GnNsux -
 102
esckIþsuxedayKµanbMNul nig4/GnvC¢sux- esckIþsuxekItBIkargar
minmaneTasdUcCakay vaca citþ nigsmµaGaCIv³. xJúMeCOfaGñk
TaMgGs;Kña nwgeBjcitþcMeBaHPaBeCaKC½y énesckIþsuxbYny:agenH
eBlEdl BYkeKkMBugrs;enACamYyRKYsarrbs;xøÜn. RbsinebICakar
BitenaH buKÁlGacnwgeFIVva RbkbedaysIlFm’ nigkarBüayamRtUv
¬smµa vayam¦ rhUtdl;PaBeCaKC½yekIteLIgdl;buKÁledayBit.
edIm,ITTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yEpñksµartI nigsgÁmFm’kñúgCIvitCa
RKhsß esßrPaBxagesdækic© nigPaBrIklUtlas;RtUv)ancat;Tukfa
CamUldæanEdlRbkbedayxwømsary:ag]tþúgÁ]tþm. RbsinebIRTBü
sm,tiþTaMgenaH )anmkedayRsbc,ab; nigsmµaGaCIB ¬karRbkb
GaCIBRtUv¦ RTBüenaHnwgnaMmknUvPaBrIkraydl;xøÜn nigsmaCik
RKYsar ehIyelIsBIenHeTot buKÁlGaceRbIR)as;RTBüenHkñúgeKal
bMNgCakuslepSg². karminCMBak;bMNuleK nigkarminmaneTas
rbs;buKÁlmñak;² CaRbPBénesckIþsux. kñúgesckIþenH buKÁlnImYy²
GacCECk)anfa CIvitkúñgsm½yTMenIbenaH minmanmaK’aNaedIm,IeKc
ecjBIsßanPaB énkarminCMBak;bMNuleKeLIy eRBaHmnusSTaMgenaH
RtUvEtx©IbMNulBIrdæaPi)al b¤FnaKaredIm,Isagsg;TICRmk¬pÞH¦ CMnYj
karGb;rMCaedIm. kñúgbBaðaenH GPismacarBuT§sasna CMruj[eQVg
yl;BIbBaðaedaykarBicarNafa ebIxøÜnGacmanlT§PaBsgR)ak;km©I
kñúgry³eBlkMnt;NamYy tamry³smµaGaCIBenaH lkçx½NÐenHcat;
TukfaminmanCMBak;bMNuleKeLIy b:uEnþBuT§sasnikmanGarmµN_faebI
BYkeKGacmanlT§PaBTijpÞHmYy LanmYy nigrbs;rbrepSg²eTot
 103
edaymincaM)ac;x©IbMNuleKenaH BYkeKBitCanwgrIkraysb,ayCamYy
sßanPaBminmanCMBak;bMNuleKy:agBitR)akd.
xJúMsUmniyayfaesckIþsuxxagsµartI nigsgÁmFm’enH RtUv)an
eKcat;Tukfa Catémørbs;mnusSCatimYy y:agx<g;x<s;bMput ehIy
témøenH GacCab;Tak;TgCamYyPaBeCaKC½yxagsgÁmFm’ RBmTaMg
esckIþsuxpøÚvcitþpgEdr. BuT§sasnikeCOfa BYkeKGacTTYl)an
esckIþsuxTaMgBIrEpñkenH edayEp¥kelImUldæansIlFm’enH. Cakar
BitEdlfa RTBüsm,tiþnaMmknUvesckIþsux nigPaBrIkray b:uEnþebI
RTBüenaHCab;Bak;B½n§edayGMeBICaGkusl xusc,ab;vijenaH esckIþ
suxrbs;eyIgenaHÉg nwgERbRtLb;eTACaesckIþTukç karesaksþay
kñúgeBlminyUrminqab;eLIy. dUecñHehIy BuT§sasnikmanbMNgcg;
eRkbrsénesckIþsux nigesßrPaBxagesdækic© tamry³sIlFm’vij.
CakarCak;Esþg BYkeKnwgsb,ayEtCamYyRTBüsm,tiþ nigrbs;Edl
man RbsinebIRTBüenaH² )anmkedayRsbc,ab; nigmUldæansIlFm’
b:uEnþBYkeKnwgrwtEtmanesckIþsux d¾elIslb;eTAeTot enAeBlEdl
BYkeK)anseRmckarRtas;dwg¬seRmcFm’¦ EdlmanGMNacedIm,IeFIV
[sáb;sál;nUvesckIþR)afñarbs;mnusSelak.
karkarBar]Rkidækmµtamry³karBicarNatamEbbBuT§sasna
edIm,Irs;enARbkbedayPaBrIkray BuT§sasnikmanbMNg
kñúgkarecosvagnUvGMeBI]RkidækmµTaMgLay BYkeKGnuvtþesckIþsucrit
CabnþbnÞab;enH edIm,InaMmknUvGPismacarBuT§sasna sRmab;CIvitkñúg
sgÁm : karBarRbesIrCagBüa)al :. CakarBit KµannrNamñak;
 104
cUlcitþesckIþTukçeLIy ehIymnusSRKb;²Kña EsVgrkesckIþsuxkñúg
CIvit. eKeCOfa]RkidækmµCaGMeBIGkusl EdlbegáItbBaðaCaeRcInenA
kñúgsgÁm minRtwmEtbuKÁlxøÜnÉgb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþEfmTaMgGñkdéTpg
Edr CaBiesssmaCikRKYsar sac;jati mitþPkiþrbs;buKÁlenaHEt
mþg. dUecñHBYkeKEsVgrkmaK’a sRmab;karrs;enAkñúgsuxsniþPaB tam
ry³GMeBICakusl nigkaryl;c,as;BIRkmsIlFm’enaH.
edIm,IecosvagkarRbRBitþ]RkidækmµepSg² BYkBuT§sasnik
EtgEtsBa¢wgKitdl;PaBP½yxøacbYn y:agedayeyagtamRBHBueT§a
vaTrbs;RBHbrmRKUéneyIg. BYkeKeCOfa RbsinebIBYkeKmin)an
sBa¢wgKitBIGMeBIepSg²eTenaH BYkeKGacnwgRbRBitþ]Rkidækmµ d¾KYr[
tk;søút)any:aggay dUecñHkarsBa¢gw Kitdl;PaBP½yxøacbYny:agenaH
CaKuNRbeyaCn_ya:gsMxan; sRmab;buKÁlEdlmanesckIþP½yxøac
cMeBaHGnþrayTaMgLay. PaBP½yxøacTaMgbYnenaHKW³ 1/P½yxøac
cMeBaHkarriHKn;dl;xøÜnÉg ¬GtþanuvaTPy¦ 2/P½yxøaccMeBaHkarriHKn;
BIsMNak;GñkdéT ¬branuvaTPy¦ 3/P½yxøaccMeBaHTNÐkmµ ¬TNÐ
Py¦ 4/P½yxøaccMeBaHkarFøak;eTAekItkñúgG)ayPUmi ¬TuKÁtiPy¦.
BYkBuT§sasniksnµt;fa BYkeKGackarBarxøÜneKBIGnþrayTaMgenH)an
RbsinebIBYkeKEtgEtxitxMBüayam cgcaMnUvesckIþP½yxøac EdlGac
bNþal[RKYsarTaMgmUlTTYlrgTukçenaH.
edIm,IkarBar]RkidækmµkñúgCIvitenaH BYkBuT§sasnikmankar
RbugRby½tñya:gxøaMg cMeBaHkmµNaCaGkusl nigehtuén]RkidæepSg²
eRBaHehtuenH RkmsIlFm’EdleKsÁal;favin½yenaH RtUvrwtbnþwg
 105
sRmab;CIvitbBVCit. RBHsgÇ nigdUnCI ¬PikçúnI¦RtUvEtedIrtamRkwtü
RkmenHya:gtwgrwgedIm,IkarBarnUv]Rkidæ kmµTaMgLayEdlRbkb
edaykayTuc©rit vcITuc©rit nigmenaTuc©rit. sRmab;Pikçú vin½yman
pÞúkedaysikçabTBIrryémÖR)aMBIr ¬227¦ cMENkÉPikçúnImansikçabT
bIrydb;mYy¬311¦. PikçúnigPikçúnIRtUvEt Gb;rMxøÜnCamYynwgvin½y
enH edIm,ITTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yTaMgsgÁmFm’nigsµartI RBmTaMgesc
kIþsux sniþPaB sRmab;CIvitd¾yUrGEgVgteTA. CalT§pl BYkeKrYc
putBIPaBP½yxøac ehIyGacpþl;CamKÁúeTsn_d¾RtwmRtUv dl;BYkRKhsß
Tak;TgnwgPaBP½yxøac cMeBaHGMeBIGaRkk;TaMgLay. edayELk
BYkRKhsßmanesckIþrIkrayCaBn;eBk kñúgkarTTYlyknUv»vaTsIþBI
sµartInigsIlFm’BIPikçúsgÇnigPikçúnI edayBYkeKeKarBRBHsgÇkñúgnam
CaGñkdwknaMsasna ehIyeKarBtam»vaTrbs;elakedaysuT§citþ.
eKyl;fa eKGacTTYlsar³RbeyaCn_BIKñaeTAvijeTAmk edaykar
RbtibtiþGPismacarBuT§sasna ehIyTTYl)anPaBeCaKC½yEpñk
sgÁmFm’ nigsµartIenAkñúgCIvitCabc©úb,nñ. dUecñHehIy karRbtibtiþ
rbs;BYkeKmanPaBCab;lab; R)akdniym CamYykareRbonRbedArbs;
RBHsmµasm<úT§brmRKUéneyIg. RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;fa {bNÐitKYrtmál;
xøÜnÉg [taMgenAkñúgKuNFm’d¾smKYrCamunsin caMRbedAGñkdéTCa
xageRkaynwgminlM)ak }. cMeBaHTsSn³rbs;´pÞal; eXIjfamincaM
)ac; manbMNgedIm,InwgeKcBIkarriHKn;rbs;GñkdéTeLIy pÞúyeTAvij
buKÁlKYrEtmanbMNg kñúgkarbegáItnUvCIvitRbkbedaysIlFm’ kñúgxøÜn
edaykareFIVkmµCakuslepSg².
 106
RBHsmµasm<úT§nigTMnak;TMngsgÁm
BuT§sasnikEtgEteBaly:agmaMfa RBHsm<úT§brmRKUCabuKÁl
KYreKarBmYyGgÁcMeBaHkmµ7 ¬GMeBI¦ EdlR)ascakkartiHedolTaMg
Lay. minRtwmEtb:ueNÑaHeT RBHGgÁk¾manmhakruNaTiKuNy:ag
RCaleRCAcMeBaHstVelak ehIykruNaTiKuNenHmancMeBaHstVelak
TaMgGs; edayminmankarEbkEckPaBxusKña rvagkruNacMeBaHbuRt
rbs;RBHGgÁ KWrahulnigkruNacMeBaHGñkdéTeLIy. CakarBit eRBaH
RBHBuT§Cam©as;)anRtas;dwgnUvejyüFm’TaMgBYg nig)anqøgdl;eRtIy
eBalKWRBHniBaVn RBHGgÁ)ancab;epIþmsEmþgFmµeTsna edIm,ICaesc
kIþsuxdl;stVelak. RBHGgÁ)anpþl;bzmeTsnarbs;RTg; Edlman
eQµaHfa {Fmµckáb,vtþnsURt { kñúgéRB\sibtn CitRkugBaraNsI
RbeTs\NÐa dUcEdl)anbgðajxagedImrYcehIy. Gtßn½yrbs;sar
énFm’eTsnaenHKW{mCÄimb,dibTa { eBalKWmaK’akNþalenHÉg. BIr
bIExeRkaymk RBHsm<úT§RTg;begIátnUvKN³sgÇ ¬PikçúsgǦ8 man
cMnYnsrub60GgÁ ¬PikçúnIminTan;)anGnuBaØati[cUlbYseLIy enAeBl
enaH¦RBHsmµasm<úT§RTg;)anbBa¢ÚnPikçúsgÇ eTApSBVpSayRBHFm’dl;
mnusSelakTUeTA. eKalbMNgcMbgénkareFIVFmµTUtenH KWedIm,ICa
RbeyaCn_dl;mnusSelak kñúgeKalbMNg[seRmc)annUvesckIþsux

7
/ cMeBaHTegIVrbs;RBHGrhnþTaMgLaymanRBHBuT§CaRbFan min)aneQµaHfakmµeLIy
EtehAfa Cakiriyavij.
8
/ Baküfa KN³sgÇenH CaPasaGg;eKøsfa The order
 107
sniþPaBkñúgCatiCabc©úb,nñ sRmab;RKhsßedaykarEsVgyl;nUvRBH
Fm’ ehIynwg)anRbtibtiþtammaK’akNþalenH.
BuT§sasnTUt)ancab;epIþmeLIg taMgEtBIeBlEdlRBHsmµa
sm<úT§RTg;Kg;RBHFrmanenAeLIyemø:H. karpSaysasnTUt enH)an
latRtdagBI\riyabfBuT§sasna GtßénRBHFm’ nigsarRbeyaCn_
cMeBaHRKhsßRBmTaMgBhuCnTUeTA. P½sþútagén»vaTrbs;RBHBuT§ enA
TIenHKW³ {mañlPikçúTaMgLay¡ cUreTAedIm,IesckIþsuxdl;BhuCn edIm,I
suxumalPaBrbs;BhuCn eRBaHmhakruNacMeBaHBiPBelak Ca
RbeyaCn_suxdl;mnusSnigeTvta. cUrGñkTaMgBIrkMueTACamYyKñaeLIy
mñalPikçúcUrsEmþgFm’Edll¥bTedIm l¥bTkNþal l¥bTcug cUrBnül;
RbkbedaystisµartI nigbgðajBICIvitd¾brisuT§RbkbedaysIl. man
stVEdlekItmk RbkbedayFUlItickñúgEPñk ¬enaHKWkielsd¾tic¦
RbsinebIeKmin)anB¤RBHFm’eT eKnwgFøak;cuH b:uEnþebIeK)ansþab;Fm’
vij eKnwgyl;cak;FøúHnUvGtßénRBHFm’Caminxan }. kñúgTsSn³enH
bBa¢ak;[eXIjkan;Etc,as;fa RBHsgÇBitCaxVl;xVaycMeBaHsuxumal
PaBrbs;mnusSTUeTA ehIyEfmTaMgmin)anRBegIykenþIy cMeBaH
sgÁmpgeLIy. dUecñHminRtUvTal;EtesaH EdleKniyayfabuKÁl
EdlEsVgrkpøÚvénPaBeCaKC½yxagsµartI RbtibtiþedIm,I;RKan;Etkar
rlas;xøÜnÉgb:ueNÑaH edayminxVl;BIsuxumalPaBsgÁmenaH.
eTaHbICay:agenHk¾eday k¾sar³sMxan;énskmµPaBrbs;RBH
sgÇ nigvtþGaramminRtUv)anTTYlsÁal; edayBYkCnEdlminEmnCa
BuT§sasnik ¬Non-Buddhist¦ eLIy. RBHsgÇBitCaxusBIbufuC¢n
 108
TUeTA dUcCakarrs;enAkñúgvtþGaram nigedaykarRbtibtiþRkwtüRkm
sIlFm’ya:gBiess b:uEnþelakmin)anRBegIycMeBaHsuxumalPaB nig
TMnak;TMngsgÁmCamYyRKhsßeLIy. RBHsgÇEtg[»vaTdl;BYk
RKhsß GMBIpøÚveTAkan;PaBeCaKC½yEpñksgÁmFm’ esckIþsux nigsnþi
PaB. tYy:adUceyIgxitxMBüayambeRgondl;RKhsß GMBIl½kçx½NÐCIvit
dUcCatRmUvkarénCIvit eRBaHcMNg;kñúgkarTTYl nigPaBrIkrayénCIvit
edaykar)anbMeBjbMNg. eyIgmancMNg;BIry:agKW edIm,IbegáIn
nUvcMNg;rbs;eyIg tamry³PaBsb,ayrIkrayd¾elIslb; b¤edIm,I
kat;bnßycMNg; tamry³karecHsáb;sál;. RbsinebIeyIgcg;kat;
bnßycMNg;rbs;eyIg EdlRbkbedayesckIþR)afñad¾elIslb; RBm
TaMgesckIþTukçd¾hYsRbmaNenaH eyIgnwg)aneronemeronGMBItRmUvkar
rbs;eyIgkñúgCIvitdUcCacMNg; edIm,IeFIV[xøÜnrIkrayd¾elIslb; ehIy
sgÇwmfamannrNamñak; b¤GIVmYyEtgEtcaMbMeBjcitþeyIg b:uEnþebIsin
eyIgcg;Gb;rMxøÜnÉgkñúgsuxsnþiPaBenaH eyIgnwgrIkrayCamYymnusS
TUeTA smÖar³b¤FmµCatitamyfaPUt tamry³karyl;RBHFm’. enH
mann½yfa eyIgminGacbnþxitxMedIm,ItRmUvkar rbs;eyIgdrabNa
eyIgmanvtßúbMNgNamYyehIyenaH. enAkñúgelakenH KµanRbePT
buKÁlEdlcMNg;pgxøÜnEtgEtRtUv)anbMeBjeLIy eRBaHehtuenHeTIb
eBlxøHeyIg)anlaPeBlxøH)at;bg; dUecñHeyIgKYrEtsRmbsRmYl
xøÜneyIgCamYylkçx½NÐCIvit ¬elakFm’¦ EdlEtgEtRbkbCamYy
Kña. TMnYlxusRtUvd¾Cak;lak;dUcCakarTTYllaP kar[laP GlaP
 109
CaedIm. CalT§pleyIgnwgseRmc)anesckIþsux snþiPaBtamry³
maK’akNþal.
dUecñHehIy eTIbRBHsgÇkñúgCMhandMbUgbMput KWTTYlkar
Gb;rMedIm,IesßrPaBpøÚvcitþ tamry³maK’akNþalenH. edIm,ITTYlyk
karGb;rM ¬smaFi¦ enH[)anRsYl elaknwgmanÉksiT§imYycMnYn kñúg
CIvitrbs;xøÜn b:uEnþsgÁmBuT§sasnik min)ancgelakeTAnwgCivitkúñg
vtþGaram sRmab;EtkarTTYlKuNRbeyaCn_ BIBYkRKhsßenaHeT.
dUecñH RbsinebIelakminmanlT§PaB sRmab;karrs;enAkñúgCIvitCa
bBVCit KµanlT§PaBedIm,IBüayam sRmab;karrlas;xøÜn ¬esrIPaB¦
tamry³karceRmInsmaFiteTAeTot elakGacswkcakpñÜs ecjBI
KN³sgÇ)an ehIyvilRtLb;eTApÞHvij edIm,IEfTaMsmaCikRKYsar
rbs;xøÜn edayGnuelamtamRkmsIlFm’. eRBaHehtuenH ´sUm
niyayfaBuT§sasna )anGnuBaØati[mnusSmanesrIPaBCMenOsasna
kñúgsgÁmrbs;xøÜn ]bmafamnusScg;cUlrYmkñúgkic©karsasna BYkeK
GaceFIVdUecñaH)an b:uEnþKµannrNamñak; b¤c,ab;NamYybgçitbgçM[eFIV
dUecñaHeLIy. RBHsgÇmanesrIPaBxagsasna kñúgCIvitrbs;xøÜny:ag
Na BYkRKhsßk¾manesrIPaBxagsasnay:agenaHEdr b¤Gacniyay
)anfa BYkeKCaGñkeFIVkic©karsµ½RKcitþ sRmab;shKmn_sasnarbs;
xøÜnedayesrI dUecñHkarcakecj b¤k¾sñak;enAkñúgvtþGaram KWGaRs½y
edaybuKÁlxøÜnpÞal;.
 110
\riyabfBuT§sasnacMeBaHesckIþsux snþiPaB nigesrIPaB
enAeBlbc©úb,nñenH mnusSCaeRcInmancMNg;cg;enA eday
esrIPaB eBalKWR)ascakBIGIV²RKb;ya:g rYmTaMgRkmsIlFm’
GPismacar nigkarRKb;RKgsgÁmCaedIm. enAkñúgsgÁmTaMgGs;
mnusSEtgR)afñaeFIVGIV² EdlxøÜncg;eFIVedayesrIRbsinebIGac eRBaH
ehtuenH TsSn³énskmµPaBedayesrIenaH RtUv)aneKelIkmk
BiPakSaya:gTUlMTUlay. skmµPaBesrIenH KWCaskmµPaBmYymin
EmnCaRbFanbTcMeBaHGIV EdlCakMhit karbgÁab;bBa¢a b¤karbgçitbgçM
CaedIm. KµanGIVmYy b¤nrNamñak;GacmkbgçM [buKÁlNamYyeFIV
b¤hamXat;min[eFIVGIVmYy EdlxøÜnyl;faepSgBIxøÜnenaH)aneLIy.
esrIPaBCabBaðamUldæanmYy sIþBIkareFIVGIVmYyEdlxøÜncg;eFIV. eTaHCa
ya:gNak¾eday BuT§sasnikeCOfaesrIPaBenHCakarl¥ bu:EnþminEmn
RKb;kal³eTsenaHeT dUecñHBYkeKBüayamdak;kMrit énesrIPaBrbs;
buKÁlCamYynwgTMnYlxusRtUv énRkmsIlFm’nigmaK’akNþal. maK’a
enHnwgpþl;nUvkaryl;eXIjRtUv ¬smµaTidæi¦ edIm,I[buKÁlenaHGacrYc
putBIesckIþlM)ak¬Tukç¦RKb;ya:g. esrIPaBRbePTenH maneQµaHfa
{sniþPaB {.
mnusSbc©úb,nñenH EtgKitfa {PaBeCaKC½yénesdækic© } nwg
naMRbCaCati b¤BiPBelakeTAkan;suxsniþPaB tamBitesdækic© KWCa
mUldæanénPaBGatµaniym ¬nigsmÖarniymhYsRbmaN¦. Cajwk
jab; PaBeCaKC½yxagesdækic© EdlKµankardak;RBMEdn edayRkm
sIlFm’enaH EtgelIkTwkcitþmnusS [BuHBaredIm,IPaBman)anbEnßm
 111
eTot ehIybMpøajGñkdéT ¬RTBüsm,tiþrbs;GñkdéT¦ sRmab;Et
RbeyaCn_pÞal;xøÜnb:ueNÑaH. dUecñHbuKÁlÉkCn nigrdæaPi)alRtUvEt
bNþúHKuNsm,tiþ sIlFm’ edIm,ICyY eFIV[PaBeCaKC½y xagesdækic©
enHCYy[mansniþPaB. dUecñHCMhandMbUgbMput KWkareRCIserIsmnusS
RtUv[dwknaMRbeTs. buKÁlenaHKYrCaGñkmankarGb;rM GacCaTIBwgBak;
manRkmsIlFm’ nigmankarTTYlxusRtUv CabuKÁlEdlecHeFIV[man
tulüPaB rvageKalneya)ayrdæaPi)al nigRbB½n§esdækic© edIm,I
sßabnasnþiPaB nigkIþRsLaj;enAkñúgsgÁm. BuT§sasnikeBalfa
RbB½n§neya)ay nigesdækic©EdlRtwmRtUv GacRtUv)anbegáIteLIg
sRmab;RbeTs edayeyaltamRBHFm’ RbsinebIRbeTsrbs;xøÜnCa
RbeTsmanlT§iRbCaFibetyüenaH TaMgGñkmannigGñkRk nwgman
»kasGaceFIVkarCamYyKña edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_dl;RbCaCatiTaMgmUl
eRBaHehutenH ´sUmniyayfa \riyabfBuT§sasnaKWCab;Tak;Tg
edaylT§iRbCaFibetyüCaglT§ipþac;karniym.
BuT§sasnik)aneBalfa BuT§sasna)anpþl;nUvRkmsIlFm’
EdlRbkbedaysnþiPaBmYydl;mnusSCatiTaMgmUl nigCYy[BYkeK
ecHRtiHriHkñúgkareRCIserIsrdæaPi)al nigRbB½n§neya)aymYyya:g
smRsb. RTwsIþmaK’akNþalenH GaceFIV[BYkeKriHKit niyay)an
RtwmRtUv nigeFIVkargarRbkbedayRkmsIlFm’. PaBsucrit nigRkm
sIlFm’enHCamUldæan sRmab;TaMgxøÜnÉgpg nigsgÁmCatipg. kar
RbtibtiþtammaK’amanGgÁR)aMbIenH Ca]bkrN_mYysRmab;edaHRsay
bBaðasgÁm nigedIm,IsßabnanUvvDÆnPaBsgÁm nigsµartI eRBaHehtuenH
 112
´sUmniyayfa bc©½yénsniþPaBBiPBelak nigesckIþsuxrbs;mnusS
KWGaRs½yedaykarGb;rMl¥ nigbuKÁlRbkbedaysIlFm’x<s; RBmTaMg
yutþiFm’sgÁm nigrdæaPi)alsucrit.
CIvitEdlmin)anBinitüCakarrs;enAedayminmantémø
karRkeLkemIlxagkñúg nigBinitüemIlxøÜnÉg mansar³ya:g
rs;revIksRmab;kareQVgyl;RBHFm’ ¬sc©Fm’¦. karRkeLkemIl
cMeBaHdMeNIrén)atuPUtxagkñúg eBalKWCIvitxagkñúg buKÁlGaceXIj
sPav³BittamyfaPUt9. BuT§sasnikeBalfa karRkeLkemIlxag
kñúg mann½yfakaremIlcitþ EdlCaehturbs;kmµTaMgLay eTaHCa
kmµl¥kIþkmµGaRkk;kIþ. CakarlM)akNas; kñúgkaremIlkic© ¬tYnaTI¦
rbs;citþ nigectsikTaMgLay ¬dUcCa tNða-karelaPln; eTas-
esckIþeRkveRkaF karcgKMnMuKMuKYn kars¥b;exI<m karRcENnQñanIs
karRbkan;Tidæixus nigkarRbkan;xøÜnfaGjCaedIm¦ enAeBlNaEdl
buKÁlmineRbIviFIBiess eBlenaHbuKÁlminGacemIleRCAeTAkñúg)an
eLIy. enAkñúgBuT§sasna viFIBiessenH maneQµaHfakarceRmIn
smaFi b¤niyay[Cak;lak;CagenHKW {karceRmInvibsSna {.
vibsSnaenHCaRbePTmYyénkareFIVsmaFi EdlykmKÁmanGgÁR)aMbI
mkeFIVCakmµdæan ehIyvibsSnaenHGaccak;FøúH¬yl;dwg¦ nUvsamBaØ
lkçN³bIya:gKW³ sPav³mineTogTat;1 sPav³CaTukç1 nigsPav³

9
One can see things as they really are ,but not as they come to be.
 113
minEmnCarbs;xøÜn1 eBalKWGIV²RKb;ya:gkñúgsaklenH EdlhYsBI
karRKb;RKgrbs;xøÜn.
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b¤sniþsux¦. esckIþsuxelakIy_enH Gacrk)anenAkñúgCIvPaBRKYsar
nigekIteLIgBIPaBCaRKhsß karse®gÁaHbuRtFIta nigkarbMeBjkatBV
kic©sgÁmCaedIm. cMENkÉFmµsux KWesckIþsuxkñúgFm’ KWCavDÆnPaB
xagsµartI EdlekItecjBIkarceRmInsmaFi ehIybTBiesaFn_én
smaFienH maneQµaHfa {Griysc©³bYn nigesckIþs¶b;suxd¾éRkElg
rbs;RBHniBaVn}.
Griysc©³bYnenH RtUv)aneKelIkykmkBiPakSa ya:gTUlM
TUlaybMput enAkñúgBuT§sasna eRBaHvamansar³d¾sMxan; kñúgkareQVg
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CIvitCaTukç eBalKWesckIþesakseRggxSwkxSÜl TukçeTamnsSCaedIm
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¬smuTysc©¦ 3/ TukçGacRtUv)anlubbM)at;ecj edaykarlubbM)at;
nUvtNðanig])aTan ¬nieraFsc©¦ nig4/ maK’aedIm,IlubbM)at;tNðanig
])aTan¬mKÁsc©¦. BYkBuT§sasnikeCOfa eKGaclubbM)at;nUvesckIþ
TukçRKb;ya:g)an edaykaredIrtammaK’akNþal. karyl;nUvcturarIy
sc©enH RBmedaykareFIV [Cak;c,as;nUvesckIþsux rbs;RBHniBaVncat;
famanvDÆnPaBxagsµartI RBmTaMg)anseRmc eKaledAcugeRkay
rbs;BuT§sasnapgEdr.
 114
mnusSCaeRcIn min)anyl;esckIþBiténCIvitEdlCaTukç ¬Tukç
sc©¦eLIy. BYkeK)aneBalya:gmuWgma:t;fa esckIþBitdUceBalmk
enHGacCaGIVEdleKrkeXIjeRkay minEmnCasc©PaBBit²enaHeT
dUecñHehIyeKGacnwge)aHbg;ecal BIeRBaHEtBYkeKeCOfasc©PaBBit
R)akd RtUvEtykmkeFIVksiNsakSI nigRtYtBinitüCasmµtikmµ)an
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sc©elakIy_ EdlKµanGIVeTAeRbobnigsc©Fm’ nigkareFIV[Cak;c,as;
nUvRBHniBaVn)aneLIy. sc©PaBkñúgbuKÁlxøÜnÉg EtgEtminERbRbYl
eLIy. buKÁlGaceFIV[Cak;c,as;nUvbrmtßsc©³ tamry³karceRmIn
smaFi)an ehIykarceRmInsmaFienH GacEjk[dac;BIKñarvag
sPav³CaTukç nigkarecjcakTukç. CakarBit tulüPaBnigvDÆnPaB
rbs;citþ KWGacemIleXIjkñúgCIvitbuKÁlxøÜnÉgenH EtgRbkbeday
Tukç dUcCaTukçeRBaHcas;Cra BüaFi nigmrN³CaedIm. GMNacénmc©ú
EtgbMEbkmnusSRKb;²rUbBIGñkCaTIRsLaj; eRBaHehtuenHehIyeTIb
BuT§sasnikeBalfaCIvitCaTukç. BYkeKeCOfa niBaVnKWCasPav³énesc
kIþs¶b;suxEtmüa:g ¬Éknþbrmsux¦ BIeRBaHEtKµankarekIt Kµankar
søab;.
BuT§sasna RtUv)anTTYlkarriHKn;fa CasasnaRbkbeday
TuTidiæniym edaysarEtTsSn³Edlfa {CIvitCaTukç } enHBIeRBaHfa
BuT§sasna hak;dUcCapÞúyeTAnwgTsSn³BiPBelak Edl)ansnµt;
faCIvitCaPaBrIkray suxesamnsS. RBHsmµasm<úT§ RTg;k¾)anyl;
RsbEdlfaCIvitKWPaBrIkray b:uEnþRBHGgÁRTg;)anRtas;fa PaBrIk
 115
rayénCIvit KWBitCasþÜcesþIgNas; ebIeRbobeTAnigesckIþTukçkñúgCIvit
enaH. eyIgGaceXIj)an cMeBaHbrisßanCMuvijxøÜneyIg dUcCaGñkCm¶W
kñúgmnÞIreBTü CnkMst;Gt;Xøan enABaseBjBiPBelak saksBRKb
dNþb;EpnRbfBIkñúgTIsmrPUmi nigQammanenARKb;TIkEnøg. eyIgCa
mnusSCati minGacRkeLkemIlRbCaCatiEtmYy b¤RtwmEtxøÜnÉg)an
eT BIeRBaHeyIgTaMgGs;CamnusSCati eyIgKYrEtBicarNafa mnusS
RKb;KñaCacMENkmYy énshKmn_TaMgmUl RbsinebInrNamñak;rs;enA
CitpÞHrbs;eyIg Cab;RbeTsrbs;eyIg b¤enAelIEpndIdUcKña KYrEtRtUv
)ancat;TukCaÉktþamYy énsmaCikRKYsarrbs;eyIg enaHeyIgnwg
manesckIþGaNitGasUr cMeBaHTukçrbs;buKÁlenaH² eyIgnwgyl;kan;
Etc,as;nUvesckIþTukçrbs;xøÜnÉgpgEdr ehIyesckIþTukçrbs;buKÁl
enaH² KWBitCaesckIþTukçrbs;eyIg. RbsinebIeyIg)ansabeRBaH
kmøaMgsµartI ¬\T§i)aTFm’¦ enAkñúgdYghb¤T½yrYcral;ehIy eyIgniwg
emIleXIjnUvesckIþTukç EdlKµanTIbBa©b;kñúgCivit tamry³kruNaFm’
ebIeyIgsþab;BiPBelak eyIgnwgB¤sMelgénkarTYjyMrbs;mþay Edl
kUnRbusrbs;xøÜnsøab;kñúgs®gÁam sERmkbursRbkbedaykMhwgBuH
ke®Ba¢aleLIgdl;kMritkMBUl nigsMelgf¶Úrrbs;mþay EdlkUnRsIkMBug
EtelIkédsMuGahardUecñH enaHehIyEdlfa CIvitCaTukç.
CakarBitNas; karemIleXIjGIV²tamyfaPUt KWminEmnCa
TuTidæiniymeLIy b:uEnþCasuTidæiniymvij eRBaHehtuenHeTIb BYkBuT§-
sasnikeBalTsSn³fa {buKÁleXIjGIVbuKÁlEtgeCOenaH { KWminGac
TTYlyk)anTaMgGs;enaHeT eRBaHCYnkaleyIgminGaceCOnUvGIVEdl
 116
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kaleyIgGacemIleXIjedayxøÜnÉg kñúgviFIbMPan;EPñk tYya:geyIg
GacnwgKit faCIvitEtgsißtesßr nigGacBwgBak;)an fIVebIkarBitenaH
KWvaEtgEtERbRbYl nigminGacBwgBak;)ank¾eday. ]bmaeyIgQr
enAmuxkBa©k; eyIgnwgeXIjxøÜnrbs;eyIg ehIysnµt;faxøÜnenaH Ca
bursb¤®sþI b:uEnþkñúgn½ybrmtßvij KWKµanbursb¤®sþIenAkñúgxøÜnenaHeLIy
vaRKan;EtCakarpSMcUlKñarvagnamrUb EdlmnusSRKb;Kñamanb:ueNÑaH.
kñúgcMeNamBIrenH eyIgGacemIleXIjEtrUbeT b:uEnþminEmnnam¬citþ¦
eLIy luHRtaEteyIgBinitüemIlxøÜnÉg tamry³kareFIVsmaFi eRBaH
ehtuenH eyIgminGacTTYlykbBaØtþi ¬TsSn³¦ {eyIgeXIjGIVeCO
enaH } TaMgRsug)anenaHeT. b:uEnþBYkeKBuT§sasnikGHGagfa kar
eFIV[Cak;c,as;nUvGriysc©³bYn RBmTaMgmKÁjaNnigpljaN
tamry³ vibsSna RtUv)ancat;Tukfa)anseRmcvDÆnPaBxagsµartI
nigelakutþr sux.
kartaMgcitþcugeRkayénCIvitBuT§sasnik
BYkBuT§sasnikCn EdlmansT§amaM )aneFIVGFidæancMeBaHPaB
eCaKC½yxagsasnarbs;xøÜn edaykarbMeBjnUvkgkarCakuslTaMg
Lay. karebþCJacugeRkay rbs;BYkBuT§sasnik KWKµanGIVeRkABIkar
seRmcniBaVn nigkarrlas;xøÜnecjBITukçkñúgsgSarvdþenaHeT. BuT§sa-
snikR)afñacg;)anvtßúCaeRcIn dUcCaRTBüsm,tiþ karGb;rM CIvitRKYsar
eBareBjedaykIþsux nigPaBeCaKC½yRKb;muxnaTI. tamBit TaMgGs;
 117
enHminEmnCaeKaledAcugeRkayeT b:uEnþCatRmUvkarelakIy_ sRmab;
CIvitbu:eNÑaH. BuT§sasnikPaKeRcInyl;fa tRmUvkarrbs;mnusSmin
EdlmanTIbBa©b;eLIy BIeRBaHfamnusSelak EtgEteRskXøan
cMeBaHPaBeRtkRtGalkñúgpøÚvelakIy_ nigPaBrIkrayd¾elIslb;kñúg
CIvit. b:uEnþBYkeKdwgfatRmUvkard¾elIslb;enH GacbNþaleTACaTukç
dl;CIvit\tQb;Qr. drabNacitþbuKÁlminmantulüPaB KµanstiKW
esckIþrlwkRtUv drabenaH buKÁlenaHÉgrEmgRKbdNþb;edaycMNg;
¬tNða¦ ehIynwgCYbnUvbBaðaEdlminGacedaHRsay)an nigPaB
lM)akCaeRcIn EdleBareBjedayesckIþTukçKµanTIbBa©b;.
BuT§sasnikyl;fa vaBi)akNas;kñúgkarrlas;xøÜnecjBItNða
nig])aTanKWkarRbkan;maM cMeBaHelakIy_sux luHRtaEtBYkeKRbtibtiþ
ceRmInPavna. bc©úb,nñenH manmnusSCaeRcIn EdleCOfaebI
BYkeKbgçMxøÜneKpÞal; kñúgkarbdiesFecalnUvelakIy_sux kñúgCIvit
BYkeKnwgFujfb;pøÚvcitþ ehIynigRtUv)aneKcat;TukfaCaGñk manbBaða
sgÁmCamYymnusSCMuvij. CalT§pl BYkeKBüayamTajxøÜneK[cUl
eTArkCIvitkñúgsgÁm edIm,IeRtkRtGalkñúgesckIþsuxelakIy_enaH.
´eCOfaBaküsMGagrbs;BYkeKenH BwgEp¥kTaMgRsugeTAelItNaðrbs;
xøÜn Edlcg;)anPaBeRtkRtGalnwgkamKuNya:gxøaMg. ]TahrN_dUc
CnejonfñaM EtgEtcg;)anfñaMbEnßmeTot ehIyeBalfaxøÜnGacnwg
søab; luHRtaeK)anfñaMejoneTot. kareQVgyl;cMeBaHsßanPaBenH
BuT§sasnikBüayamGb;rMxøÜn edIm,Ikat;bnßynUvcMNg;rbs;xøÜnmYy
 118
CMhanmþg² tamry³ Tan sIl Pavna . BYkeKeCOfa éf¶NamYy
eKnwg)anseRmcnUveKaledAcugeRkay eBalKWkarseRmc RBHniBaVn.
enAkñúgvKÁGb;rMEbbBuT§sasna vacaM)ac;Nas;kñúgkaredIrtam
maK’aCamUldæanCaCMhandMbUg. enHmann½yfa buKÁlEdleCOCak;kñúg
RBHFm’nwgBüayam edIm,IeFIVcitþ[mantulüPaBCamun tamry³kar
GnuvtþviFIsa®sþénGriymKÁGgÁR)aMbI edIm,ITTYl)anesßrPaBxagsgÁm
Fm’nigsµartI. eRBaHehtuenH buKÁlKYrBüayam edIm,I[)anseRmc
PaBeCaKC½yxagsgÁmFm’ nigsµartIRBmedaysuxsniþPaBpg. edIm,I
eFIV[seRmc)an nUvesckIþeBjcitþTaMgxagkamKuN nigsmÖar³enaH
GPismacarBuT§sasna pþl;Gnusasn_fatémøsIlFm’ nigGPisma
carRtUv)aneKBicarNafa CaEpñkmYyénCIvitRbcaMéf¶ ehIyemtþaFm’
nigkruNaFm’CaEpñkmYy énkarRbtibtiþsasna. RbsinebIbuKÁl)an
seRmcerOgenH KW)anesckIþfa buKÁlkMBugEtcUleTArkesckIþsux
sniþPaBkñúgCIvit Cabc©úb,nñehIy.
kñúgesckIþsnñidæanenH GPismacarBuT§sasna KWmaK’aRbtibtiþ
CacMbg RbkbedaymaK’aburaNenaH KWGdægÁikmKÁ ¬pøÚvmanGgÁR)aMbI¦
hñwgÉg. eTaHCaya:gNak¾eday maK’aenHk¾GacTTYlyksRmab;
mnusSnigsgÁmsm½yfIµpgEdr. enHBIeRBaH maK’aenH minRtwmEtCa
RbeyaCn_ sRmab;BuT§sasniksm½yburaNb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþvak¾Ca
RbeyaCn_sRmab;mnusSsm½yfµIpgEdr. maK’aenHnwgdwknaMBuT§sas-
nik eq<aHeTArkesckIþsux sniþsuxsgÁm nigsniþPaB nigeKaledAcug
eRkay EdlCaesckIþsuxs¶b; eBalKWRBHniBaVn. eRBaHehtuenH
 119
eKalbMNgrbs;BuT§sasnik kñúgkarRbtibtiþRbcaMéf¶ KWedIm,IRtYtBinitü
eLIgvij cMeBaHRkmsIlFm’ nigkarRbRBwtþrbs;xøÜn ¬kmµGaRkk;kIþ kmµ
l¥kIþ¦ tamry³maK’akNþal edIm,IeFIV[skmµPaBsgÁmmantulüPaB
ehIyCayfapl)andl;RBHniBaVn ¬karrlas;xøÜncugeRkay¦.
xJúMmanCMenOfa ebIeTaHCaBuT§sasnik min)andl;eKaledAkñúg
CatiCabc©úb,nñenHk¾eday BYkeKenAEtrkSakarebþCJarbs;xøÜn kñúgkar
seRmceKaledA tamry³karRbtibtiþtammaK’akNþalenH. TnÞwm
nwgenHEdr BYkeKnwgbnþkñúgkarbegáItnUvesckIþsux sniþPaBsRmab;
CIvitkñúgsgÁm. CacugeRkay xJMsú Umniyayfa BuT§sasnikGacGnuvtþ
tamGPismacarBuT§sasna edaysT§aya:gmaM edIm,ITidæPaBsgÁm
sm½yfIµ CakarbegáItesckIþsux sRmab;mnusSCatiTUeTA.

cb;edaybribUN’

RbsinebIGñkmanGnusasn_ sMnYr
b¤sMNMuBr sUmTMnak;TMngtamry³ E-Mail :
sinkong855@yahoo.com
sinkong@mail2cambodia.com
www.dhamma-gems.blogspot.com
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