2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes !

ISDN
ISDN
Petr Gryg
Petr Gryg

rek
rek
2 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Integrated Services Digital Network
Integrated Services Digital Network
Circuit-switched digital network
Circuit-switched digital network
connection setup and termination required connection setup and termination required
user pays for connection time user pays for connection time
addressing of subscriber devices according to addressing of subscriber devices according to E!"# E!"#
$ransparent
$ransparent
circuits
circuits
"#kbps %full duple&'
"#kbps %full duple&'
(ptimi)ed for digital voice transfer (ptimi)ed for digital voice transfer
#k*) #k*)+,-.ksamples + .b/sample - "# kbps +,-.ksamples + .b/sample - "# kbps
Can carry traffic of any telecommunication service0 ie 1234 Can carry traffic of any telecommunication service0 ie 1234
5integrates6 multiple services on the same infrastructure 5integrates6 multiple services on the same infrastructure
4ew service can be added purely by subscriber device 4ew service can be added purely by subscriber device
software modification software modification
and possibly e&tending signalling protocol options and possibly e&tending signalling protocol options
! 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN usage
ISDN usage
1234 uses original %P($2' subscriber lines
1234 uses original %P($2' subscriber lines
" 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN advantages over analog lines
ISDN advantages over analog lines
*igher speeds
*igher speeds
cheaper than leased lines
cheaper than leased lines
7uicker connection setup
7uicker connection setup
8oice 9 3ata 2imultaneously
8oice 9 3ata 2imultaneously
5 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN
ISDN
Channels
Channels
: %bearer' ; transparent
: %bearer' ; transparent
bit stream
bit stream
"#kbps
"#kbps
between local and remote subscriber device
between local and remote subscriber device
3 ;
3 ;
signalling
signalling
between subscriber device and central office
between subscriber device and central office
transfers
transfers
signalling
signalling
messages
messages
<ayer <ayer ,= <>P3 ,= <>P3
<ayer <ayer ?= 3igital 2ubscriber 2ignalling 2ystem no ! ?= 3igital 2ubscriber 2ignalling 2ystem no !
may provide low-speed packet mode channel
may provide low-speed packet mode channel
if supported by operator if supported by operator
# 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN
ISDN
subscriber line interfaces
subscriber line interfaces
@ully digital transmission @ully digital transmission
:asic Aate 1nterface %:A1' :asic Aate 1nterface %:A1'
,:B3 %!"kbps' ,:B3 %!"kbps'
$3C $3C B echo cancellation %both directions on B echo cancellation %both directions on ,- ,-wire line' wire line'
4$ 4$ converts converts one pair %, wires' to two pairs %# wires' one pair %, wires' to two pairs %# wires'
4$ 4$ separates directions and resolves 3-channel access separates directions and resolves 3-channel access
conflicts %bus' conflicts %bus'
4$ 4$ sometimes integrated in P:D sometimes integrated in P:D
Primary Aate 1nterface %PA1' Primary Aate 1nterface %PA1'
?E:B3 %"#kbps' ?E:B3 %"#kbps' / ,?:B3 / ,?:B3
used to connect P:D0 12P used to connect P:D0 12P
physically physically E! E!/$! line %P3* hierarchy line' /$! line %P3* hierarchy line'
$ 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN channels vs. E1/T1 lines
ISDN channels vs. E1/T1 lines
32E - "# kbps
% 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN ITUT standards
ISDN ITUT standards

I ; series - Concepts and interfaces

1#?E0 1#?!= :A1 interface

E ; series - $elephone network

E!"# - 1nternational 1234 addressing

! ; series - 2witching and signaling

7F,!- <ink >ccess Procedures on the 3 channel

%<>P3'

7F?! ; 3igital 2ubscriber 2ignalling 2ystem G!

%322!'
& 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
"asic #ate Interface $"#I%
"asic #ate Interface $"#I%
,:B3
,:B3
'0 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
"#I &unctional 'rou(s ) #eference
"#I &unctional 'rou(s ) #eference
*oints
*oints
'' 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
#eference (oints + (ractical view
#eference (oints + (ractical view
'2 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
S, T and U reference (oints
S, T and U reference (oints
2 - between the $E!/$> and the 4$,
2 - between the $E!/$> and the 4$,
$ - between the customer site switching
$ - between the customer site switching
equipment %4$,' and the local loop termination
equipment %4$,' and the local loop termination
%4$!'
%4$!'
H - various standards
H - various standards
depending on Central office manufacturer
depending on Central office manufacturer
1#?!/>421 $!"E!
1#?!/>421 $!"E!
'! 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Se(arated and co-bined S/T interface
Se(arated and co-bined S/T interface
'" 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Co-bined S/T interface
Co-bined S/T interface
1$H-$ 1$H-$ 1#?E 1#?E %20$02/$' %20$02/$'
without 4$, %P:D' at customer site0 we refer to combined 2/$ without 4$, %P:D' at customer site0 we refer to combined 2/$
reference point reference point
4$, is a switching or concentrating device with 1234 at both sides 4$, is a switching or concentrating device with 1234 at both sides
4$! device sometimes integrated into central office ports %2E' 4$! device sometimes integrated into central office ports %2E'
'5 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
.ine codes
.ine codes
2/$= Codified >lternate Cark 1nversion
2/$= Codified >lternate Cark 1nversion
%C>C1'
%C>C1'
1$H Aecommendation 1#"E
1$H Aecommendation 1#"E
delimits frames using code rules violation
delimits frames using code rules violation
, violations in every frame , violations in every frame
H= proprietary0 most often ,:!7
H= proprietary0 most often ,:!7
'# 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN subscriber device t/(es
ISDN subscriber device t/(es
'$ 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISD
ISD
N subscriber devices + (ractical
N subscriber devices + (ractical
view
view
1234
1234
phone
phone
1234 modem
1234 modem
e&ternal e&ternal async modem async modem with with >$ >$ command set command set
1234 PC 1234 PC card card
Aouter
Aouter
equipped with equipped with :A1 :A1/ /PA1 PA1 module module
$erminal >dapter
$erminal >dapter
B non-1234 device
B non-1234 device
eg P($2 phone or router with A2-,?, interface eg P($2 phone or router with A2-,?, interface
I
I
'% 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
NT1 functions
NT1 functions
Converts ,-wire to #-wire line
Converts ,-wire to #-wire line
separates directions
separates directions
Converts frame format between H and
Converts frame format between H and
2/$
2/$
interfaces
interfaces
Echoes %outgoing'
Echoes %outgoing'
3 bit
3 bit
s into %incoming'
s into %incoming'
E bit
E bit
s
s
to support 3-channel collision resolving
to support 3-channel collision resolving
'& 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
"#I configuration o(tions
"#I configuration o(tions
Point-to-Point Point-to-Point ; one subscriber device up to ! km from 4$! ; one subscriber device up to ! km from 4$!
Passive :us Passive :us - up to . subscriber devices in parallel on 2/$ bus - up to . subscriber devices in parallel on 2/$ bus
all share , :-channels all share , :-channels
subscriber devices !EE-,EE m from the 4$! subscriber devices !EE-,EE m from the 4$!
$D and AD pairs of subscriber devices connected together using bus $D and AD pairs of subscriber devices connected together using bus
lines0 terminated with !EEohm resistors lines0 terminated with !EEohm resistors
every device can have itJs own telephone number every device can have itJs own telephone number
Cultiple 2ubscriber 4umber Cultiple 2ubscriber 4umber %C24' option %C24' option
E&tended Passive :us E&tended Passive :us ; up to . subscriber devices up to KEE m ; up to . subscriber devices up to KEE m
from 4$! from 4$!
all devices placed at last KE meters all devices placed at last KE meters
signal propagation delay has to be similar for each subscriber device to signal propagation delay has to be similar for each subscriber device to
ensure proper operation of 3-channel access arbitration method ensure proper operation of 3-channel access arbitration method
20 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN "#I bus
ISDN "#I bus
2' 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
S/T interface (h/sical fra-e
S/T interface (h/sical fra-e
$3C used to multiple& ,: B 3 channels
$3C used to multiple& ,: B 3 channels
3ifferent format of outbound and inbound
3ifferent format of outbound and inbound
frames
frames
1nbound frame delayed , bit intervals after
1nbound frame delayed , bit intervals after
%corresponding' outbound frame
%corresponding' outbound frame
used for C2C>/CA %Collision Aecognition'
used for C2C>/CA %Collision Aecognition'
3-channel access method
3-channel access method
22 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
S/T interface fra-e structure
S/T interface fra-e structure
:!0:, ; :!0:, ; bearer channel bits %payload' bearer channel bits %payload'
3 ; 3 ; 3-channel bits 3-channel bits
@ ; framing @ ; framing bits bits
< ; < ; 3C compensation bits 3C compensation bits
E - echo bit E - echo bits %echoed 3-bits from outbound frames' s %echoed 3-bits from outbound frames'
2 ; 2pare 2 ; 2pare %not used' %not used'
> - >ctivation bit ; > - >ctivation bit ; set to ! if subscriber line in synchroni)ation set to ! if subscriber line in synchroni)ation
2! 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
"#I S/T interface transfer rate
"#I S/T interface transfer rate
@rames are
@rames are
,+!,K
,+!,K
us
us
%,+!/.EEE s'
%,+!/.EEE s'
long
long
: channel transmits . bits each
: channel transmits . bits each
!,K us %
!,K us %
!/.EEE s
!/.EEE s
'
'
(ne ,KE-us frame has to carry ,+.bit of both channels
(ne ,KE-us frame has to carry ,+.bit of both channels
, times + . bits/sample + , channels -?,bits , times + . bits/sample + , channels -?,bits
!" kb/s
!" kb/s
3-channel=
3-channel=
# bit
# bit
s every
s every
,KE
,KE
us
us
# bit # bits s #EEE #EEE-times per second - -times per second - !"EEE !"EEE bps bps
!, bit
!, bit
s overhead
s overhead
$otal frame length
$otal frame length
?,B#B!,-#. bit
?,B#B!,-#. bit
s0 repeats four time
s0 repeats four time
per second
per second
-L frame physical transfer rate is
-L frame physical transfer rate is
!F, kb/s
!F, kb/s
2" 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
"#I line activation
"#I line activation
!
!
$E sends E!!!!!!E %ie the *3<C ME flag'
$E sends E!!!!!!E %ie the *3<C ME flag'
,
,
4$ sends frames with the > bit set to E
4$ sends frames with the > bit set to E
meaning 5not activated6
meaning 5not activated6
?
?
$he $E synchroni)es on line code violations
$he $E synchroni)es on line code violations
#
#
4$ synchroni)es on the line code violations
4$ synchroni)es on the line code violations
and sets the > bit to ! indicating that layer ! is
and sets the > bit to ! indicating that layer ! is
up
up
25 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
*owering of user devices
*owering of user devices
4$ generates 4$ generates #.8 #.8 3C voltage 3C voltage between $D and AD pair between $D and AD pair %#N' %#N'
4$ powered from customer side supply 4$ powered from customer side supply
1n case of customer site power outage 3C voltage generated by 1n case of customer site power outage 3C voltage generated by
central office central office %E# N' %E# N'
allows emergency calls %commonly voice service' allows emergency calls %commonly voice service'
2ome subscriber device is set to accept emergency voltage supply 2ome subscriber device is set to accept emergency voltage supply
4$ device able to bridge power voltage from C( 4$ device able to bridge power voltage from C(
Emergency voltage has opposite polarity relative to voltage generated by Emergency voltage has opposite polarity relative to voltage generated by
4$ itself 4$ itself
2ubscriber devices can have their own voltage supply or rely on 2ubscriber devices can have their own voltage supply or rely on
4$-supplied voltage 4$-supplied voltage
1n case of 4$ integrated into C(0 voltage supply can be 1n case of 4$ integrated into C(0 voltage supply can be
switched on/off on per-port basis switched on/off on per-port basis
2# 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
U interface
U interface
,-wire ordinary subscriber line
,-wire ordinary subscriber line
4o standard in
4o standard in
E
E
urope
urope
most often most often !"E kbps !"E kbps full- full-duple& duple& using using ,:!7 ,:!7
# # voltage levels0 each represents one ,-bit combination voltage levels0 each represents one ,-bit combination
,+"# kbps %:' B !" kbps %3' B !" kbps %
,+"# kbps %:' B !" kbps %3' B !" kbps %
syncBframing
syncBframing
'
'
in each direction
in each direction
@ull-duple& implementation options
@ull-duple& implementation options
echo cancellation echo cancellation
directions alternated using $3C directions alternated using $3C
pause required after change to let signal from opposite direction pause required after change to let signal from opposite direction
dismiss dismiss
2$ 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Dchannel access -ethod $1%
Dchannel access -ethod $1%
(n :A1 bus configuration0 up to . subscriber devices
(n :A1 bus configuration0 up to . subscriber devices
have to share common 3 channel
have to share common 3 channel
3evice cannot listen for 3-channel traffic
3evice cannot listen for 3-channel traffic
transmitter and receiver not on the same pair transmitter and receiver not on the same pair
what device hears is 3-channel from 4$0 not from peer what device hears is 3-channel from 4$0 not from peer
subscriber device subscriber device
2olution=
2olution=
4$
4$
copies
copies
3 bit
3 bit
s of outgoing frames into E
s of outgoing frames into E
bits of incoming frames
bits of incoming frames
this is why incoming frames are little delayed after outgoing this is why incoming frames are little delayed after outgoing
frames frames
2% 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Dchannel access -ethod $0%
Dchannel access -ethod $0%
if a device wants to occupy %outgoing' 3 channel0 it has
if a device wants to occupy %outgoing' 3 channel0 it has
to hear period of 5silence6 on reflected E-bits
to hear period of 5silence6 on reflected E-bits
silence means sequence of !s silence means sequence of !s
also solves priorities for 3-channel access
also solves priorities for 3-channel access
less privileged device must detect longer period of silence less privileged device must detect longer period of silence
voice commonly preferred over data voice commonly preferred over data
after device finishes transmission0 itJs priority is lowered for a after device finishes transmission0 itJs priority is lowered for a
while to deny it to monopoli)e 3-channel while to deny it to monopoli)e 3-channel
during transmission to the 3-channel0 subscriber device
during transmission to the 3-channel0 subscriber device
has to listen for corresponding E bits to be able to
has to listen for corresponding E bits to be able to
detect collision
detect collision
2& 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
*ri-ar/ #ate Interface $*#I%
*ri-ar/ #ate Interface $*#I%
!0 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
*#I #eference *oints
*#I #eference *oints
!' 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
*#I (h/sical interface
*#I (h/sical interface
defined in
defined in
1#?!
1#?!
%corresponds to
%corresponds to
E!/$!
E!/$!
physical layer'
physical layer'
E! %Europe'= E! %Europe'= ?E: %"# kbps'0 3 %"# kbps0 timeslot !"'0 "# ?E: %"# kbps'0 3 %"# kbps0 timeslot !"'0 "#
kbps kbps framing and sync framing and sync %timeslot E' %timeslot E'
%?E+"#EEEB"#EEEB"#EEE-,E#. Cbps' %?E+"#EEEB"#EEEB"#EEE-,E#. Cbps'
$! %H2>'= $! %H2>'= ,?: %"# ,?: %"# kbps kbps'0 3 %"#kbps0 timeslot , '0 3 %"#kbps0 timeslot ,? ?'0 . kbps '0 . kbps
framing framing and sync and sync
%,?+"#EEEB!+"#EEEB.EEE-!0K## Cbps' %,?+"#EEEB!+"#EEEB.EEE-!0K## Cbps'
:-channels limited to K" kbps if Channel-associated signalling used :-channels limited to K" kbps if Channel-associated signalling used
#-wire %or ,-fiber or coa&' circuit from central office
#-wire %or ,-fiber or coa&' circuit from central office
always point-to-point0 always point-to-point0 C2H/32H C2H/32H at customer side at customer side
connects
connects
P:D
P:D
or router
or router
with PA1 interface
with PA1 interface
3-channel carries signalling for all : channels
3-channel carries signalling for all : channels
!2 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
D and " channel la/ers
D and " channel la/ers
!! 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
.ink la/er of "channel
.ink la/er of "channel
1234 circuit provides transparent full duple&
1234 circuit provides transparent full duple&
"#kbps bit stream
"#kbps bit stream
1234 does not require any specific data format
1234 does not require any specific data format
on : channel
on : channel
2ubscriber data-service devices need to delimit
2ubscriber data-service devices need to delimit
frames in incoming bit stream
frames in incoming bit stream
>ny link-layer protocol for synchronous serial
>ny link-layer protocol for synchronous serial
lines can be applied
lines can be applied
$ypically PPP0 *3<C
$ypically PPP0 *3<C
!" 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
D channel
D channel
!5 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Enca(sulation on Dchannel
Enca(sulation on Dchannel
!# 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Dchannel fra-es
Dchannel fra-es
$1SI #2 .0/.3%
$1SI #2 .0/.3%
!$ 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
.ink 4ccess *rocedure Dchannel
.ink 4ccess *rocedure Dchannel
$.4*D%
$.4*D%
3efined in 7F,!
3efined in 7F,!
<ayer
<ayer
,
,
protocol similar to *3<C
protocol similar to *3<C
:alanced
:alanced
mode %<>P:'
mode %<>P:'
Provides reliable transfer of signalling messages
Provides reliable transfer of signalling messages
%layer ?'
%layer ?'

@rames delimited by flag %B bit stuffing'
@rames delimited by flag %B bit stuffing'
!% 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
.4*D addressing
.4*D addressing
TEI $Ter-inal Identifier%
TEI $Ter-inal Identifier%
identifies user devices on identifies user devices on 2/$ 2/$ bus bus
can be assigned statically on device installation can be assigned statically on device installation %E-"?' %E-"?'
central office assigns dynamically if requested central office assigns dynamically if requested %"#-!,"' %"#-!,"'
$E1 !,M= broadcast $E1 !,M= broadcast
S4*I $Service 4ccess *oint Identifier%
S4*I $Service 4ccess *oint Identifier%
2pecifies upper-layer protocol 2pecifies upper-layer protocol
2ignalling 2ignalling
Hser-data ; if provided by operator Hser-data ; if provided by operator
2>P1 "?= <ayer management %$E1 assignment' 2>P1 "?= <ayer management %$E1 assignment'
2>P1 E= signalling %322!' 2>P1 E= signalling %322!'
!& 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
.4*D fra-e
.4*D fra-e
"0 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signalling
DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signalling
S/ste- No.1
S/ste- No.1
3efined in 7F?!
3efined in 7F?!
Commands/indications for central office and
Commands/indications for central office and
user devices
user devices
322! messages carried in <>P3 frames
322! messages carried in <>P3 frames
4ote=
4ote=
322! used for signalling on subscriber line only
322! used for signalling on subscriber line only
1n provider network0 2ignalling 2ystem no M
1n provider network0 2ignalling 2ystem no M
%22M' is used
%22M' is used
"' 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Subscriber device identification
Subscriber device identification
4umbering plan
4umbering plan
E!"# specifies telephone number structure
E!"# specifies telephone number structure
"2 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
DSS1 -essage for-at
DSS1 -essage for-at
"! 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
DSS1 -essages
DSS1 -essages
"" 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Infor-ation ele-ent
Infor-ation ele-ent
$IE% e5a-(les
$IE% e5a-(les
"earer Ca(abilit/
"earer Ca(abilit/
identifies transport requirements of the requested :- identifies transport requirements of the requested :-
Channel Channel
Cause
Cause
identifies reason for call identifies reason for call disconnect disconnect
Calling *art/ Nu-ber
Calling *art/ Nu-ber
%identifies caller'
%identifies caller'
Calling *art/ Nu-ber Subaddress
Calling *art/ Nu-ber Subaddress

Called *art/ Nu-ber
Called *art/ Nu-ber
Called *art/ Nu-ber Subaddress
Called *art/ Nu-ber Subaddress

I
I
"5 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
T/(ical
T/(ical
DSSS1
DSSS1
-essage
-essage
interchange
interchange
"# 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Usage of
Usage of
ISDN
ISDN
for data transfer
for data transfer
"$ 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
*ros and cons of data transfer using
*ros and cons of data transfer using
ISDN
ISDN
1234
1234
uses dial-up %temporary' circuits
uses dial-up %temporary' circuits
payment for connection time payment for connection time
useful for short-term data transfer useful for short-term data transfer
typical usage= backup lines0 intermittent data transfers typical usage= backup lines0 intermittent data transfers
2hort connection setup time
2hort connection setup time
less than less than ! s ! sec % ec %E Europe' urope'
circuit can be established Oust when there are data to transmit circuit can be established Oust when there are data to transmit
and released Oust after the transfer end and released Oust after the transfer end
connection setup with classical modems takes tens of seconds connection setup with classical modems takes tens of seconds
"% 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
T/(ical
T/(ical
ISDN
ISDN
data transfer usage
data transfer usage
3ial-in access to corporate intranets and 1nternet %via 12P' 3ial-in access to corporate intranets and 1nternet %via 12P'
PA1 PA1 at provider site at provider site0 :A1 0 :A1 at customer site at customer site
replacement of P($2 replacement of P($2
1nterconnection of distant 1nterconnection of distant <>4 <>4s for short-term data transfer s for short-term data transfer
%Pdial-on-demand5' %Pdial-on-demand5'
many <>4s connected with many <>4s connected with :A1 :A1
PA1 PA1 in headquarters in headquarters0 :A1 0 :A1 at branch offices at branch offices
:ackup lines :ackup lines
<ow-bandwidth packet transfer %3-channel0 <ow-bandwidth packet transfer %3-channel0 D,K' D,K'
a alarm larm systems systems0 0 remote monitoring 9 control systems remote monitoring 9 control systems
if supported by telco operator if supported by telco operator
"& 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
#e-ote access using
#e-ote access using
ISDN
ISDN
Client commonly connected using modem with
Client commonly connected using modem with

:A1
:A1
:-channel typically utili)es
:-channel typically utili)es
PPP
PPP
aut
aut
h
h
enti)a
enti)a
tion
tion
0 callback0
0 callback0
compression
compression
0 I
0 I
2imultaneous data and voice transfer
2imultaneous data and voice transfer
%multiple : channels'
%multiple : channels'

$ransfer rate may be increased by bundling of
$ransfer rate may be increased by bundling of
multiple
multiple
:
:
-channels on demand
-channels on demand
50 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
T/(ical *#I usage
T/(ical *#I usage
Connects P:D or 12P/headquarters router
Connects P:D or 12P/headquarters router
5' 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Dialin fro- analog -ode-
Dialin fro- analog -ode-
>nalog incoming call identified in 2E$HP
>nalog incoming call identified in 2E$HP
message
message
12P router needs to pass incoming data
12P router needs to pass incoming data
%digitali)ed by 1234' into internal modem
%digitali)ed by 1234' into internal modem
52 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
#outing in circuitswitching
#outing in circuitswitching
environ-ent
environ-ent
5! 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Dial on De-and #outing $DD#%
Dial on De-and #outing $DD#%
5" 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN routing o(tions and guidelines
ISDN routing o(tions and guidelines
>void dynamic routing protocols on dialup circuits if possible >void dynamic routing protocols on dialup circuits if possible
use static and default routes instead use static and default routes instead
3ynamic routing protocol updates/hellos would maintain dialup 3ynamic routing protocol updates/hellos would maintain dialup
line always active line always active
if dynamic routing applied0 use passive interfaces if dynamic routing applied0 use passive interfaces
Even inactive line has to be reported as functional into dynamic Even inactive line has to be reported as functional into dynamic
routing protocol routing protocol
Cisco= :A1 interface always up %spoofing' from routing protocolJs point Cisco= :A1 interface always up %spoofing' from routing protocolJs point
of view of view
3efine static route to network reachable via 1234 line and redistribute it 3efine static route to network reachable via 1234 line and redistribute it
into dynamic routing protocol into dynamic routing protocol
Hsage of Hsage of <ink 2tate <ink 2tate protocols problematic protocols problematic
require full-time connectivity and checks it using *ello protocol require full-time connectivity and checks it using *ello protocol
3istance 8ector 3istance 8ector protocols more suitable protocols more suitable
if modified for 5 if modified for 52napshot routing 2napshot routing6 6
55 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Sna(shot routing $Cisco%
Sna(shot routing $Cisco%
Codification of
Codification of
3istance 8ector
3istance 8ector
protocols e&changing
protocols e&changing
routing tables periodically
routing tables periodically
3efines 5
3efines 5
active
active
6 and 5
6 and 5
quiet
quiet
6
6
period
period
Aouting tables %updates' e&changed only during active
Aouting tables %updates' e&changed only during active
period0 in quiet period routing tables fro)en regardless
period0 in quiet period routing tables fro)en regardless
to e&piration timers
to e&piration timers
during quiet period0 router silently ingores outage of routing during quiet period0 router silently ingores outage of routing
updates updates
Connection active only during active period
Connection active only during active period
if no other data needs to be passed if no other data needs to be passed
5# 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
"acku( routes
"acku( routes
:ackup routes may by configured as static routes
:ackup routes may by configured as static routes
with low preference %adminstrative distance'
with low preference %adminstrative distance'
5
5
@
@
loating static routes
loating static routes
6
6
if there e&ists another %primary' route0 backup routes
if there e&ists another %primary' route0 backup routes
not used because of low administrative distance
not used because of low administrative distance
5
5
float up
float up
5
5
if %primary' route with better
if %primary' route with better
administrative distance fails and disappears from
administrative distance fails and disappears from
routing table
routing table
5$ 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN router configuration
ISDN router configuration
2elect 1234 switch %central office' type 2elect 1234 switch %central office' type
Europe= basic-net? Europe= basic-net?
>ssign 1P address to 1234 interface%s' >ssign 1P address to 1234 interface%s'
1nstall routes to supported destinations 1nstall routes to supported destinations
4e&t hop at opposite side of 1234 line 4e&t hop at opposite side of 1234 line
1nstall ne&t-hop 1P address to 1234 number mapping 1nstall ne&t-hop 1P address to 1234 number mapping
configure authentication configure authentication
2pecify interesting traffic that triggers call 2pecify interesting traffic that triggers call
and resets idle timeout and resets idle timeout
%configure optional features' %configure optional features'
1dle timeout 1dle timeout
@ast idle timeout @ast idle timeout
Cultilink thresholds Cultilink thresholds
5% 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Devices for ISDN data transfer
Devices for ISDN data transfer
a((lications
a((lications
5& 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN -ode- o(tions $"#I%
ISDN -ode- o(tions $"#I%
e&tern
e&tern
al
al
1234 modem
1234 modem
%implements e&tended
%implements e&tended
>$
>$
command set'
command set'
intern
intern
al
al
1234 modem
1234 modem
%
%
Q1234
Q1234
card
card
5
5
'
'
passive
passive
/
/
active
active
%*N
%*N
compression support
compression support
'
'
(ften integrated with router
(ften integrated with router
%Ethernet'
%Ethernet'
Hsage
Hsage
=
=
PC applications for data transfer0 telephony0 fa&0
PC applications for data transfer0 telephony0 fa&0
teleconferencing0 I
teleconferencing0 I
#0 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
#outertoISDN connection o(tions
#outertoISDN connection o(tions
C)ech Aepublic=
C)ech Aepublic=
2/$
2/$
interface
interface
H interface release planned H interface release planned
H2>= H
H2>= H
%most often' or
%most often' or
2/$
2/$
interface
interface
1f router lacks 1234 module0 $> can be used
1f router lacks 1234 module0 $> can be used
1234 switch type has to be specified and supported by
1234 switch type has to be specified and supported by
routerJs (2
routerJs (2
1ncompatibilities and variations of 3-channel protocol 1ncompatibilities and variations of 3-channel protocol
Euro-1234 standard in most European countries %including Euro-1234 standard in most European countries %including
C)ech' C)ech'
#' 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Data transfer securit/
Data transfer securit/
>ut
>ut
h
h
enti
enti
cation and encryption implemented in
cation and encryption implemented in
subscriber devices %modem0 router'
subscriber devices %modem0 router'
Aouter-to-router lines commonly implement
Aouter-to-router lines commonly implement
mutual authentication using
mutual authentication using
PPP a
PPP a
nd
nd

C*>P
C*>P
/
/
P>P
P>P
1234-level check of calling-party number
1234-level check of calling-party number
%5caller-13 screening6'
%5caller-13 screening6'
Caller-13 contained in
Caller-13 contained in
7F?!
7F?!
2E$HP
2E$HP
message
message
#2 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
ISDN vs. 5DS.
ISDN vs. 5DS.
1234 provides lower speeds0 connection-
1234 provides lower speeds0 connection-
oriented
oriented
32< provides full-time access
32< provides full-time access
%cheaper'
%cheaper'
1234 can be almost everywhere
1234 can be almost everywhere
distances from C(0 bad subscriber pairs0 I
distances from C(0 bad subscriber pairs0 I
Can be combined together
Can be combined together
%using @3C and right splitter'
%using @3C and right splitter'
#! 2005 Petr Grygarek, Advanced Computer Networks Technologes
Useful ISDN links
Useful ISDN links
http=//telecomtbinet/isdnhtm
http=//telecomtbinet/isdnhtm
%:A1/PA1 line codes0 framing0 3-channel
%:A1/PA1 line codes0 framing0 3-channel
operation0 1234 device types and reference
operation0 1234 device types and reference
points'
points'
http=//wwwciscocom/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/itoRdoc/isdnhtm
http=//wwwciscocom/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/itoRdoc/isdnhtm
1234 short overview
1234 short overview
http=//www
http=//www
rhyshaden
rhyshaden

com
com
/
/
isdn
isdn

htm
htm