GII TCH MNG

Trang 29
CHNG 3
M HNH HA CC PHN T TRONG H
THNG IN
3.1. GII THIU:
Trong h thng in gm c cc thnh phn c bn sau:
a. Mng li truyn ti gm:
- ng dy truyn ti.
- Bin p.
- Cc b t in tnh, khng in.
b. Ph ti.
c. My pht ng b v cc b phn lin hp: H thng kch t, iu khin....
Cc vn cn xem xt y l: Ngn mch, tro lu cng sut, n nh qu . Mng li
truyn ti c gi thit l trng thi n nh v thi hng ca n nh hn nhiu so vi my
pht ng b.
3.2. M HNH NG DY TRUYN TI.
3.2.1. ng dy di ng nht.
ng dy di ng nht l ng dy c in tr, in khng, dung khng, in dn
r phn b u dc theo chiu di ng dy, c th tnh theo tng pha v theo n v di.
Trong thc t in dn r rt nh c th b qua. Chng ta ch quan tm n quan h gia in
p v dng in gia hai u ng dy, mt u cp v mt u nhn. Khong cch tnh t
u cp n u nhn.
tnh ton v xem xt mi quan h gia in p v dng in trn tng im ca
ng dy ta c m hnh ton hc nh sau: (xem hnh 3.1). Ti ta x ly vi phn dx trn
mi pha so vi trung tnh v kho st phn t dx.

I + dI I
R
I
S

Hnh 3.1 : Quan h in p
v dng in phn t di
ca ng dy truyn ti







Vi phn t dx ny ta c th vit:
x =1
u cp

+
V
R
-
+
V
S
-

V V + dV
dx x = 0
u nhn

dV = I .z .dx
Hay z I
dx
dV
. = (3.1)
V dI = V. y . dx
Vi z: Tng tr ni tip ca mi pha trn mi n v di
y: Tng dn r nhnh ca mi pha trn mi n v di
Hay y V
dx
dI
. = (3.2)
GII TCH MNG
Trang 30
Ly vi phn bc 2 ca (3.1) v (3.2) theo x ta c:
dx
dI
z
dx
V d
.
2
2
= (3.3)
dx
dV
y
dx
I d
.
2
2
= (3.4)
Th (3.1) v (3.2) vo (3.3) v (3.4) ta c:
V y z
dx
V d
. .
2
2
= (3.5)
I y z
dx
I d
. .
2
2
= (3.6)
Gii (3.5) ta c dng nghim nh sau:
) . exp( ) . exp(
2 1
x zy A x zy A V + = (3.7)
Thay (3.7) vo o hm bc nht (3.1) ta c dng in
) . exp(
1
) . exp(
1
2 1
x zy A
y
z
x zy A
y
z
I = (3.8)
A
1
v A
2
c xc nh t iu kin bin:
V = V
R
v I = I
R
x = 0;
Thay vo (3.7) v (3.8) cn bng ta c:
2
.
1
R R
I
y
z
V
A
+
= (3.9)
2
.
2
R R
I
y
z
V
A

= (3.10)
t
y
z
Z
c
= : Gi l tng tr ng dy
y z. = : Gi l hng s truyn sng
Vy (3.9) v (3.10) c vit gn nh sau:
) . exp(
2
.
) . exp(
2
.
) ( x
Z I V
x
Z I V
x V
c R R c R R

+
+
= (3.11)
) . exp(
2
) . exp(
2
) ( x
I
Z
V
x
I
Z
V
x I
R
c
R
R
c
R

+
= (3.12)
Cng thc (3.11) v (3.12) dng xc nh in p v dng in ti bt c im no ca
ng dy theo ta x.
Ta vit (3.11) li nh sau:
[ ] [ ]
) . ( . . ) . ( .
) . ( exp ) . ( exp
2
1
. . ) . ( exp ) . ( exp .
2
1
. ) (
x sh Z I x ch V
x x Z I x x V x V
C R R
C R R


+ =
+ + =

(3.13)
Tng t (3.12)
) . ( . ) . ( ) ( x sh
Z
V
x ch I x I
C
R
R
+ = (3.14)
Khi x = 1 ta c in p v dng in u cp:


GII TCH MNG
Trang 31
) . ( . . ) . ( . x sh Z I x ch V V
C R R S
+ = (3.15)
) . ( . ) . ( . x ch I x sh
Z
V
I
R
C
R
S
+ = (3.16)
3.2.2. S tng ng ng dy di (l > 240):
S dng cng thc (3.15) v (3.16) lp s tng ng ca ng dy di nh
hnh 3.2 (gi l s hnh ).

Z

I
S
I
R

+
V
S
-
Y
1
Y
2
+
V
R
-
Hnh 3.2 : S ca ng dy
truyn ti




T s hnh 3.2 ta c:
R R R R R S
I Z V Z Y Z Y V I Z V V . ) . 1 ( . . .
2 2
+ + = + + = (3.17)
1 2
) . (

Y V Y V I I
S R R S
+ + = (3.18)
Thay V
S
(3.17) vo (3.18) v n gin ha ta c:
[ ]
R R S
I Y Z Y Y Y Z Y Y I ) . 1 ( . . . ) (
1 2 1 2 1
+ + + + = (3.19)
ng nht (3.17) v (3.19) tng ng vi (3.15) v (3.16) ta c:
Z

= Z
C
sh ( .l) (3.20)
Y
1
= Y
2
= Y

(3.21)
(1+Z

.Y

) = ch ( .l) (3.22)
Vy:

=
2
.
.
1
) . ( .
1 ) . ( l
th
Z l sh Z
l ch
Y
C C

(3.23)
Vit gn (3.20) v (3.23) li ta c:
l
l sh l z
l
l sh
l y Z Z
C
.
) . ( . .
.
) . (
. .

= = (3.24)

2
.
)
2
. (
.
2
.
2
.
)
2
. (
.
2
.
l
l
th
l y
l
l
th
Z
l
y
Y
C

= = (3.25)
S dng s hnh (3.3) v khai trin sh v ch ta c th tnh Y

v Z

n chnh xc cn
thit. Thng thng trong s ni tip ch cn ly 2 hay 3 phn t l t yu cu chnh xc:
....... ......
! 5 ! 3
) (
5 3
+ + + + =
x x
x x Sh
....... ......
! 4 ! 2
1 ) (
4 2
+ + + + =
x x
x Ch (3.26)
.........
315
17
15
2
3
) (
7 5
3
+ + = x x
x
x x Th






GII TCH MNG
Trang 32









l
l sh
l z
.
) . (
. .

+


V
-
R
I
R
I
s
2
.
)
2
. (
.
)
2
( .
l
l
th
Z
l
y
c

)
2
( .
)
2
. (
.
2
.
l
l
th
l y

+


V
-
S


Hnh 3.3 : S ca mng tuyn ti



Nu ch ly hai s hng u.

+
6
) . (
1 . .
2
l
l z Z

2 2
2
.
1
2
.
2
.
3
1
1
2
. l l l l
Y

(3.27)
3.2.3. S tng ng ca ng dy trung bnh:
Gm cc ng dy c .l << 1 gi l ng dy trung bnh (240km)
Z

= z.l = Z (tng cc tng tr ni tip)

2 2
. Y l y
Y = =

(na ca tng dn r)
Z
T1
Z
T1 I
R
I
S Z
I
S
I
R

+

-
V
S
+

V
R
-
Y
T
+

-
V
R
+

-
V
S
Y/2 Y/2




Hnh 3.5 : S i xng T ca
ng dy truyn ti
Hnh 3.4 : S i xng ca
ng dy truyn ti

S thu c theo gi thit gi l s i xng (hnh 3.4) v cn c mt s th hin
khc na gi l s i xng T (hnh 3.5)
Tnh ton tng t nh s ta c (s T)
2
.
)
2
. (
.
2
.
2 1
l
l
th
l z
Z Z Z
T T T

= = =
V
l
l sh
l y Y
T
.
) . (
.

=
Vi s i xng T (yl << 1) c th rt gn nh hnh 3.6
Hai s tng xng ny c chnh xc nh nhau nhng thng thng hay dng s p v
khng phi tnh thm na.
Trong trng hp ng dy kh ngn (l [ 80km) c th b qua tng dn mch r c hai s
p v T v thu gn ch cn mt tng dn ni tip Z (hnh 3.7)
GII TCH MNG
Trang 33

+

V
R
-
I
R
I
S
+

-
V
S
Z

V
R
-
+

V
S
-
+
I
R
I
S
Z/2
Y
Z/2





Hnh 3.7 : S tng ng ca ng
dy tuyn ti ngn
Hnh 3.6 : S i xng T


3.2.4. Thng s A, B, C, D:
Cc thng s A, B, C, D c s dng thit lp cc phng trnh quan h gia in p v
dng in u cung cp v u nhn ca ng dy truyn ti.

Bng 3.1 : Tham s A, B, C, D cho tng loi s

Loi ng dy A B C D
-ng dy di
ng nht


-ng dy trung
bnh
.S i xng T
.S i xng p
-ng dy ngn
...
24
.
2
.
1 ) . (
2 2
+ +
+ =
Z Y
Z Y
l ch


2
.
1
Z Y
+

2
.
1
Z Y
+

...
240
.
6
.
1 ( ) . ( .
2 2
+ +
+ =
Z Y Z Y
Z l sh Z
C

...
120
.
6
.
1 (
) . (
2 2
+ +
+ =
Z Y Z Y
Y
Z
l sh
C

Y

)
4
.
1 (
Z Y
Y +

0
A l ch = ) . (





A

A






)
4
.
1 (
Z Y
Z +

Z

Z

A
V d: ng thc 3.15 v 3.16 c vit li nh sau:
1
V
S
= A.V
R
+ B.I
R
I
S
= C.V
R
+ D.I
R
Bng 3.1 cho gi tr A, B, C, D ca tng loi ng dy truyn ti. ng dy di, ng dy
trung bnh v ng dy ngn, cc thng s ny c c tnh quan trng l:
A.D - B.C = 1 (3.28)
iu ny c chng minh.

3.2.5. Cc dng tng tr v tng dn:
Xt cc ng dy truyn ti theo cc tham s A, B, C, D cc phng trnh c vit di
dng ma trn:

R
R
S
S
I
V
D C
B A
I
V
(3.29)
Phng trnh 3.29 c vit li theo bin I
S
v I
R
s dng kt qu:
A.D - B.C = 1
Nh sau:
GII TCH MNG
Trang 34

R
S
RR RS
SR SS
R
S
I
I
Z Z
Z Z
V
V
(3.30)
Vi Z
SS
= A/C; Z
SR
= -1/C; Z
RS
= 1/C; Z
RR
= -D/C
Cng thc (3.30) c vit di dng k hiu:
V = Z.I (3.31)
Thm mt cch biu din I
S
, I
R
theo bin V
S
, V
R
nh sau:

R
S
RR RS
SR SS
R
S
V
V
Y Y
Y Y
I
I
(3.32)
Hay I = Y. V
Vi: Y
SS
= D/B; Y
SR
= -1/B; Y
RS
= 1/B; Y
RR
= -A/B
y ma trn Z l ma trn tng tr mch h, ma trn Y l ma trn tng dn ngn mch v m
bo Z = Y
-1
ca mng hai ca. chng sau s tnh m rng cho mng n ca.
3.2.6. Cc thng s Z v Y dng cho cc gii thiu khc:
T bng 3.1 cc ng thc 3.30 v 3.31 thng s Z v Y c tnh nh sau (dng cho s p)
)
2 2
1
( / )
2
.
1 (
2
1
;
2
1 1
2 2
1
/ )
2
.
1 (
Y
Z
Z Y
B
A
Y
Y
B
Y
Y
Z
Z Y
B
D
Y
RR
RS SR
SS
+ = + = =
= = =
+ = + = =
(3.33) Cc
tham s ny c th tnh trc tip t s hnh 3.4 vit ra cc phng trnh nt v loi dng
nhnh gia.
3.3. MY BIN P:
3.3.1. My bin p 2 cun dy:
S tng ng ca my bin p (MBA) nh hnh 3.8. Cc tham s c quy v pha s
cp (pha 1).




I
1
I
2
+


-
2
2
2
1
X
N
N

2
2
2
1
R
N
N

X
1
R
1
X
m
R
m
+

V
-
1
V
2









Hnh 3.8 : S tng ng ca my bin p






GII TCH MNG
Trang 35

Trong MBA lc, nhnh t ha c dng kh nh c th lt i v s tng ng c rt
gn nh hnh 3.9


I
1
2
2
2
1
1
R
N
N
R

+
2
2
2
1
1
X
N
N
X

+
I
2
+
V
1
-
+
V
2
-
+
V
2
-
I
2
I
1
X R
+
V
1
-
Hnh 3.9 : S tng ng n gin ha ca MBA



















3.3.2. My bin p t ngu:
My bin p t ngu (MBATN) gm c mt cun dy chung c s vng N
1
v mt cun dy
ni tip c s vng N
2
, s 1 pha v 3 pha di.
u cc a-n i din cho pha in p thp v u cc a-n i din cho pha in p cao. T l
vng ton b l:
N a
N
N
Va
Va
= + = + = 1 1
'
1
2

I
a
(a)
I
N2
(a)
N
1
N
2
(n)
(a)
V
a
N
1
N
2
(b)
(c)
(a)
(c)
(b)
I
N1

V
a



(n)


S tng ng ca MBATN c m phng nh hnh 3.12, trong Z
ex
l tng tr o
c pha h khi pha cap p ngn mch.
Hnh 3.11 : S 1 pha ca MBATN
Hnh 3 9: S tng ng n gin
Hnh 3.10 : MBA t ngu 3 pha
Hai tng tr ngn mch na c tnh l:
- Z
eH
: Tng tr o c pha cao p khi s vng N
1
b ngn mch ni tt cc a-n. V d
dng chng minh t hnh 3.12 (php quy i)
Z
eH
= Z
ex
N
2
(3.34)
- Z
eL
: Tng tr o c pha h p khi s vng N
2
b ngn mch ni tt cc a-a



GII TCH MNG
Trang 36
hnh 3.13.


+


-
V
a
1:N
I
a
a
+


V
a
-
I
a
Z
ex
Z
ex
+
V
a
-
n
a
I
1
I
a
1:N a
n
+
V
a

-
I
a
a





n n

Hnh 3.13 : S tng ng khi
ni a-a ca MBATN Hnh 3.12 : S tng ng ca MBATN

T s hnh 3.13 ta c:
V
a
= V
a
ex a ex
a
a
Z
N
N
V Z
N
V
V I /
) 1 (
/ ) (
'
1

= = (3.35)
i vi my bin p l tng s ampe vng bng zero cho nn chng ta c:
I
1
= I
a
N
Hay I
a
= I
1
/N
Vi: I
a
+ I
a
= I
1

V vy:
N
N
I I
a
1
.
1

=
Tng tr :

ex
a
a
a
eL
Z
N
N
N
N
I
V
I
V
Z
2
1
1 ) 1 (

= =
Do :
eL ex
Z
N
N
Z
2
1

= (3.36)
S dng (3.34) ta c:
Z
eH
= (N-1)
2
Z
eL
= a
2
Z
eL
* Nhc im ca MBATN:
- Hai pha cao v h p khng tch nhau v in nn km an ton
- Tng tr ni tip thp hn MBA 2 cun dy gy ra dng ngn mch ln
* u im ca MBATN:
- Cng sut n v ln hn MBA 2 cun dy nn ti c nhiu hn
- li cng ln khi t s vng l 2:1 hoc thp hn
V d minh ha: Cho mt MBA 2 cun dy c thng s nh mc l 22KVA, 220/110V, f =
50Hz. Cun A l 220V c Z = 0,22 + j0,4 () cun B l 110V c tng tr l Z = 0,05 + j0,09
().
MBA u theo dng t ngu cung cp cho ti 110V vi ngun 330V. Tnh Z
ex
, Z
eL
, Z
eH
dng
ph ti l 30A. Tm mc iu tit in p.
Gii:
Cun B l cun chung c N
1
vng, cun A l cun ni tip c N
2
vng.
Vy N
2
/N
1
= 2 = a v N = a+1 = 3, do Z
A
= 0,24 + j0,4 (), Z
B
= 0,05 + j0,09 ()
Nn:
Z
eH
= Z
A
+ a
2
Z
B
= 0,44+ j0,76 ()
Z
eL
= Z
B
+ Z
A
/a
2
= 0,11+j0,19 ()
GII TCH MNG
Trang 37
) ( 08 , 0 049 , 0
1
2
2
+ =

= = j
N
N
Z
N
Z
Z
eL
eH
ex

Mc iu chnh in p = % 100 .
sin . . cos . .
V
X I R I +

% 21 , 2 % 100 .
330
437 , 0 . 76 , 0 9 , 0 . 44 , 0
.
3
30
=
+
=
3.3.3. My bin p c b iu p:
Do ph ti lun thay i theo thi gian dn n in p ca h thng in cng thay i theo.
gi cho in p trn cc dy dn nm trong gii hn cho php ngi ta iu chnh in p
mt hoc hai pha ca MBA bng cch t b phn p vo MBA ni chung l t pha cao p
iu chnh mm hn. Khi t s vng N bng t s in p nh mc ta ni l t l ng
nht. Khi chng khng bng ta ni t l l khng ng nht. B iu p c hai loi:
-B iu p di ti
-B iu p khng ti
B iu p di ti c th iu chnh t ng hoc bng tay, khi iu chnh bng tay phi da
vo kinh nghim v tnh ton tro lu cng sut trc . T s u phn p c th l s thc
hay s phc trong trng hp l s phc in p hai pha khc nhau v ln v gc pha.
MBA ny gi l MBA chuyn pha.
3.3.4. My bin p c t s vng khng ng nht:
Chng ta xt trng hp t s vng khng ng nht l s thc cn xt hai vn sau:
- Gi tr tng i ca tng tr ni tip ca MBA t ni tip trong my bin p l tng cho
php c s khc nhau trong in p, t l khng ng nht c m t trn s bng ch a v
gi thit rng a nm xung quanh 1 (a 1)
- Gi thit tng tr ni tip ca MBA khng i khi u phn p thay i v tr.
MBA khng ng nht c m t theo hai cch nh hnh 3.14, tng dn ni tip trong hai
cch c quan h l Y
1
= Y
1
/a
2
.











Vi t l bin p bnh thng l a:1 pha a gi l pha iu p. V vy trong s 1 tng dn
ni tip c ni n pha 1 cn s 2 th c ni n pha a.






Xt hnh 3.15 ca MBA khng ng nht y tng tr ni tip c ni n pha n v ca
b iu p.
Y
1
(2)
q
q
Y

1
a:1
Hnh 3.14 : Hai cch gii thiu
my bin p khng
ng nht
(1)
q p
a
Hnh 3.15 : S tng ng ca MBA khng ng nht
Y
1
a:1
a:1
p
p
Mng hai ca tng ng ca n l:
GII TCH MNG
Trang 38
nt p:
a
Y V
a
Y V
a Y aV V I
q p
q p pq
1
2
1
2
1
/ ) (
=
=
(3.37)
nt q:
a
Y V
Y V
Y
a
V
V I
p
q
p
q pq
1
1
1
'
.
.
) (
=
=
(3.38)

+
-
V
p
q
0
+
-
V
q
q
0
+
-
V
q
Y
1
Y
2
Y
3
p
0
+
-
V
p
(b)
2
1
) 1 (
a
a
Y


2
1
) 1 (
a
a
Y


(c)
(1-a)Y
1
aY
1
I
pq
q
0
a(a-1)Y
1
+
-
V
q
I
pq
p
0
+
-
V
p
(a)
Y
1
/a
I
pq
I
pq
I
pq
I
pq
p


0










Hnh 3.16 : S tng ng ca MBA khng ng nht

s hnh 3.16a ta c:
I
pq
= V
p
Y
2
+ (V
p
-V
q
)Y
1
(3.39)
I
pq
= V
q
Y
3
+ (V
q
-V
p
)Y
1
(3.40)
ng nht (3.39) v (3.40) vi (3.37) v (3.38) ta c:
Y
1
+ Y
2
= Y
1
/a
2
Y
1
=Y
1
/a
Y
1
+ Y
3
= Y
1
Gii ra ta c:
a
Y
Y Y
a
Y
a
Y
Y
a
Y
Y
1
1 3
1
2
1
2
1
1
; ; = = =
S l hnh 3.16b. Ch tt c tng dn trong s tng ng l hm ca t s vng a. V
du lin hp gia Y
2
v Y
3
lun ngc. V d: Nu Y
1
l in khng a > 1; Y
2
l in khng;
Y
3
l in dung; nu a < 1; Y
2
l dung khng v Y
3
l in khng.
S hnh 3.16c l s tng ng theo Y
1
khi a 1 th tng tr mch r v tng
dn ni tip tin n Y
1
.
3.3.5. My bin p chuyn pha:
Trong h thng in lin kt c mch vng hay ng dy song song, cng sut tht truyn
trn ng dy c iu khin bng my bin p chuyn pha, MBA c t s vng l s phc
th ln v gc pha in p ph thuc vo v tr ca b iu p.
Khi cun s cp v cun th cp c qun trn cng mt li th chng c cng pha v t l
phn p l thc. Tuy nhin trong my bin p t ngu chuyn pha cun s cp v cun th cp
c b tr ty theo lch pha khi thay i u phn p th gc pha cng thay i theo. S
minh ha hnh 3.17a, s n gin ha ch c mt pha ca MBATN chuyn pha l y
cho gn gng, d thy cun dy th 2 ca pha a b lm lch in p i 90
0
so vi pha a.
GII TCH MNG
Trang 39
s vect hnh 3.17b khi u phn p chy t R A th in p thay i t zero n aa
kt qu l in p th cp thay i t oa n oa.

A
R
c
A
R
A
R
b
a a
c
b
b
c
a
a







(b)
(a)

Hnh 3.17 : My bin p t ngu chuyn pha gm c ba pha
a. S u dy
b. S vect



Nh hnh 3.17 ta thy rng in p cun ni tip cao hn bnh thng cho php cng sut ln
hn chy trn ng dy ngha l: Thay v lp my bin p thng ta lp my bin p chuyn
pha s cho php nng cao in p cp v ng dy mang ti nhiu hn.
3.3.6. My bin p ba cun dy.
My bin p ba cun dy s dng trong nhng trng hp cn cung cp cho ph ti
hai cp in p t mt cun dy cung cp. Hai cun dy ny gi l cun th hai v cun th ba
(hnh 3.18). Cun th 3 ngoi mc ch trn cn c mc ch khc, chng hn c ni vo t
chn sng bc 3. Trn s ta k hiu 11 l cun s cp (P), 22 l cun th 2 (S), 33 l
cun th 3 (T).

P S


T

Hnh 3.18 : My bin p ba
cun dy

Cc tham s o c t th nghim l:
Z
PS
: L tng tr cun s cp khi ngn mch cun 2 v h mch cun 3
Z
PT
: L tng tr cun s cp khi ngn mch cun 3 v h mch cun 2
Z

ST
: L tng tr cun th cp khi cun s cp h mch v cun 3 ngn mch
Z

ST
quy i v pha s cp l:
ST
S
P
ST
Z
N
N
Z ' .
2

=
S tng ng ca MBA ba cun dy hnh 3.19 Z
PS
, Z
PT
, Z
ST
, quy i v pha s cp.
Theo cch o ngn mch ta c:
Z
PS
= Z
P
+ Z
S
(3.41)
Z
PT
= Z
P
+ Z
T
(3.42)
Z
ST
= Z
S
+ Z
T
(3.43)
Tr (3.42) i (3.43) ta c:
GII TCH MNG
Trang 40
Z
PT
- Z
ST
= Z
P
- Z
S
(3.44)
T (3.41) v (3.44) ta c:
Z
P
=1/2 (Z
PS
+ Z
PT
-Z
ST
) (3.45)
Z
S
=1/2 (Z
PS
+ Z
ST
-Z
PT
) (3.46)
Z
T
=1/2 (Z
ST
+ Z
PT
- Z
PS
) (3.47)

Z
p
Z
S

Z
T





Hnh 3.19 : S tng ng ca MBA ba cun dy
B qua tng tr mch r nn nt t q tch ri u cc 1 ni vi ngun cung cp, u cc 2 v
3 ni n ti, nu cun 3 dng chn sng hi th th ni.
3.3.7. Ph ti:
Chng ta nghin cu v ph ti lin quan n tro lu cng sut v n nh. iu quan trng l
phi bit s thay i ca cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng theo in p. cc nt
in hnh cc loi ti gm c:
- ng c khng ng b 5070 %
- Nhit v nh sng 2030 %
- ng c ng b 510 %
tnh chnh xc ngi ta dng c tnh P-V v Q-V ca tng loi ti nhng x l phn tch
rt phc tp. V vy ngi ta a ra ba cch gii thiu chnh v ti dng cho mc ch phn
tch.
- Gii thiu theo cng sut khng i: C lng MVA v MVAR u bng hng s
thng dng nghin cu tro lu cng sut.
- Gii thiu theo dng in khng i: Dng in ti I trong trng hp ny c tnh
) ( | |

= V
V
jQ P
I
V = |V|q v = tan
-1
(Q/P) l gc h s cng sut, ln ca I c gi khng i.
- Gii thiu theo tng tr khng i: y l cch gii thiu thng xuyn khi nghin
cu n nh nu lng MVA v MVAR bit v khng i th tng tr ti tnh nh sau:
jQ P
V
I
V
Z

= =
2
| |

V tng dn:
2
| |
1
V
jQ P
Z
Y

= =
3.4. KT LUN:
Trong chng ny ta xem xt cc phn t ca h thng in nh ng dy truyn ti, bin p,
ph ti. M hnh ha chng trong h thng in vi trng thi n nh nghin cu cc
trng thi c bn ca h thng: Ngn mch, phn b dng chy cng sut, v n nh qu .