2014

:
:

_3.1()

: 4 2014
: 2

A1

2

3

4

5
()=, ()=, ()=, ()=, ()=

1.
(1)

-t

.
, :
5 ( 20) 5 20
x = E1 + E2 =
+

2
2
x = 50 + 50 x = 0










(2)

:
=

S
,
t

S
t, .

S = x1 + x 2 S = E1 + E 2 S = 50 + 50 S = 100 m

:
=

m
100
= 10
s
10

 2014

_3.1()

2.


(...)
x=x1
1
2, :
K = W

x=0

N

F

K K = WF + WB + WN

=0 ,


WB=WN=0
B
.
:
K = WF (1)


F ,
1 2,
x
F-t :
F



3F0



3F0
2F0

F0
x1

1:

2:

x1

3F0 x 1
2
3F0 x 1
(1)
K (1) =
2
(F + 2F0 ) x 1 W = 3F0 x1
WF(2) = EI WF( 2 ) = 0
F( 2 )
2
2
3F0 x 1
(1)
K ( 2 ) =
2
WF(1) = E I WF(1) =

x=x1,
.

 2014

_3.1()

3.




1.
F :

T1

B
F =B
Fy = F
Fy =
2

y, 1 Newton :
Fy = 0 1 + Fy = 0 1 = Fy 1 =

1 =

y

Fy


N1

F

Fx

B

B
2

:
T1 = 1 T1 =

(2 )
2

N2

Fx

T2

Fy

F


B

2 :
Fy = 0 2 Fy = 0 2 = + Fy 2 = +
T2 = 2 T2 =

B
3B
2 =
2
2

3
(3 )
2

(2) (3) :

T
T1
2
= 2 1 =

T2
T2 2 3
2

T1 1
=
T2 3

 2014

_3.1()

1. 1 .
:
1
1 2 : y =H1
H1 = gt 2
gt
2
2
2
H
2 20
1
t2 =
t2 =
2H1 = gt 2

g
10

y =0

y=

t2 = 4

H1

t=2 s

2.
2
.

y = H1
y

y


N

T

2


B2 x

H2

B2 y

x


B2

:
B 2 x = B 2 = m 2 g = 5 10 0,6

B 2 x = 30

B 2 y = B 2 = m 2 g = 5 10 0,8 B 2 y = 40

1 Newton y :
Fy = 0 N B 2 y = 0 N = B 2 y N = 40 N

:
T = T = 0,5 40 T = 20

2 Newton x :
Fx = m 2 2 x = m 2 =

=2

2x
30 20
10
=
=

m2
5
5

m
s2
4

 2014

_3.1()

3. 1 (1) t=2s
:
1 = g t

1 = 20

1 = 10 2

m
s

2 ( )
1, t=2s.
:
0 =0
2 = 0 + t
2 = t

2 = 2 2

2 = 4

m
s

:
1 20
=

2
4

1
=5
2

4.

1 2 0 =0
t
2
1
1
x = t 2 x = 2 2 2
2
2
x = 4 m

x = 0 t +

H2

:
=

2
2 = x 2 = 4 0,6 2 = 2,4 m
x

5. 2
:
WT = T x WT = 20 4 WT = 80 J

2
:
E = WT

E = 80 J
y


N

1.

. F ,
,
.

T

F

B
5

 2014

_3.1()

1 Newton y :
Fy = 0 N B = 0 N = B N = m g = 2 10 N = 20 N

:
T = T = 0,1 20 T = 2

2. xt 01s,


, , .
Ft 12s,
,
.

(


F ).
.
t 24s,
.
t=2s , 1-2s
.
3. 01s:
1 Newton:
Fx = 0

FT =0

F=T

F=2 N

2-4s:
2
Newton:
Fx = m

F T = m (1)

-t 2-4s,
,
:
=

60 6
=
= =3 2
t
42 2
s

(1) :
F = T +m F = 2 + 23 F = 8 N

F,
0-4s :

F=

2N
-6N
8N

0 t < 1s
1s t < 2s
2s t < 4s

 2014

_3.1()

F-t 0-4s :
F(N)
8
6
4
2
1

2
4
6

4.

t(s)

1. 0-1s
.
0-1s (
t=1s) x-t:
=

x
40
=

t
1 0

=4

m
s

t=1s = 4

m
s

2. 1-2s
x=4m ( 1
) 0=4m/s ( 1 ).
:
x 12 = 0 t +

1
1t 2
2

2 Newton:
Fx = m 1

F T = m 1 6 2 = 2 1 1 = 4

m
s2

t t,

. t=2s t=2-1=1s.
:
x 12 = 4 1 +

1
( 4 ) 12
2

x 12 = 4 2

x 12 = 2 m

2-4s
x=4+2=6m ( 2
7

 2014

_3.1()

) ( -t).
:
x 24 =

1
2 t 2
2

2 = 3 m2 . t = 4 2 = 2s :
s

x 24

1
= 3 22
2

x 2 4 = 6 m

3. x-t
:
0-1s .
1-2s x=4m
x=4+2=6m ( 2m).

( <0).
2-4s x=6m
x=6+6=12m ( 6m).

( >0).
:
x(m)
12
10
8
6
4
2

t(s)
1