FREE!

ship manual
Version 2.6
Homepage : www.freeship.org
FREE!ship project page : http://sourceforge.net/projects/freeship
Contact : info@freeship.org
Send designs for the database to : designs@freeship.org
Copright ! "##$% "##& b '. (. Enge)and
FREE!ship
Contents
Contents............................................................................................................................................... "
FREE!ship.............................................................................................................................................$
FREE!ship and *inu+............................................................................................................................ &
,. -ntroduction....................................................................................................................................... .
,." Faces.......................................................................................................................................... .
,./ Edges.......................................................................................................................................... .
,.0 1oints.......................................................................................................................................... 2
,.$ Subdi(ision surfaces................................................................................................................... 3
,.& 4uide)ines to subdi(ision mode)ing...........................................................................................,"
". 5iewports........................................................................................................................................ ,/
"., 6ooming and panning............................................................................................................... ,/
"." Se)ecting items..........................................................................................................................,/
"./ 7ragging contro) points............................................................................................................. ,/
".0 'odifing contro)points manua)).............................................................................................. ,0
".$ 7ifferent drawing modes........................................................................................................... ,0
".& 1rinting...................................................................................................................................... ,$
".. Sa(e as bitmap image.............................................................................................................. ,$
/. Fi)e menu........................................................................................................................................ ,&
/., 8ew........................................................................................................................................... ,&
/." 9pen......................................................................................................................................... ,&
/./ Sa(e.......................................................................................................................................... ,&
/.0 Sa(e as..................................................................................................................................... ,&
/.$ -mport........................................................................................................................................ ,&
/.$., 1art..................................................................................................................................... ,&
/.$." Car)son .hu) fi)e...................................................................................................................,&
/.$./ -mport .fef fi)e..................................................................................................................... ,.
/.$.0 Surface............................................................................................................................... ,.
/.$.$ -mporting chines................................................................................................................. ,2
/.$.& -mport Carene :;6 fi)e.......................................................................................................,3
/.$.. 5R'*..................................................................................................................................,3
/.$.2 1o)Cad fi)es...................................................................................................................... ,3
/.$.3 'ich)et wa(es..................................................................................................................... ,3
/.& E+port........................................................................................................................................ "#
/.&., 1art..................................................................................................................................... "#
/.&." -4ES................................................................................................................................... "#
/.&./ 7:F /7 mesh..................................................................................................................... "#
/.&.0 7:F "7 po))ines................................................................................................................"#
/.&.$ 7:F /7 po))ines................................................................................................................",
/.&.& <a(efront fi)e =.obj>............................................................................................................ ",
/.&.. S?* fi)e............................................................................................................................... ",
/.&.2 E+port .fef fi)e..................................................................................................................... ",
/.&.3 9ffsets................................................................................................................................ ",
/.&.,# Coordinates...................................................................................................................... ",
/.&.,, 'ich)et.............................................................................................................................. ",
/.&.," @rchimedes...................................................................................................................... ""
/.&.,/ 4HS..................................................................................................................................""
/.. E+it............................................................................................................................................ ""
/.2 1references...............................................................................................................................""
0. 1roject options................................................................................................................................ "/
A"A
FREE!ship
0., 1roject settings......................................................................................................................... "/
0." *inesp)an..................................................................................................................................."0
$. Edit menu....................................................................................................................................... "$
$., Bndo......................................................................................................................................... "$
$." 7e)ete........................................................................................................................................ "$
&. 1oint operations.............................................................................................................................."&
&., @dd............................................................................................................................................ "&
&." @)ign.......................................................................................................................................... "&
&./ Co))apse.................................................................................................................................... "&
&.0 -nsert......................................................................................................................................... "&
&.$ -nsert p)ane............................................................................................................................... "&
&.& -ntersect )aers.........................................................................................................................."&
&.. *ocC points................................................................................................................................ ".
&.2 Bn)ocC points............................................................................................................................ ".
&.3 Bn)ocC a)) points........................................................................................................................ ".
.. Edge operations............................................................................................................................. "2
.., E+trude...................................................................................................................................... "2
.." Sp)it........................................................................................................................................... "2
../ Co))apse.................................................................................................................................... "2
..0 -nsert......................................................................................................................................... "3
..$ Crease...................................................................................................................................... "3
2. Cur(e operations............................................................................................................................ /#
2., Contro)cur(es and fairing.......................................................................................................... /#
2." 8ew........................................................................................................................................... /,
3. Face operations.............................................................................................................................. /"
3., 8ew........................................................................................................................................... /"
3." F)ip............................................................................................................................................ /"
,#. *aer operations........................................................................................................................... //
,#., 4enera) information about )aers............................................................................................//
,#." @cti(e )aer............................................................................................................................. //
,#./ @ssigning faces to a different )aer.........................................................................................//
,#.0 @cti(e )aer co)or.....................................................................................................................//
,#.$ @uto group.............................................................................................................................. //
,#.& 8ew......................................................................................................................................... /0
,#.. 7e)ete empt........................................................................................................................... /0
,#.2 *aer properties dia)og........................................................................................................... /0
,,. 5isibi)it options............................................................................................................................ /.
,,., Contro) net.............................................................................................................................. /.
,,." Contro)cur(es.......................................................................................................................... /.
,,./ -nterior edges.......................................................................................................................... /.
,,.0 Show both sides....................................................................................................................../.
,,.$ 4rid......................................................................................................................................... /.
,,.& Stations................................................................................................................................... /2
,,.. DuttocCs.................................................................................................................................. /2
,,.2 <ater)ines............................................................................................................................... /2
,,.3 7iagona)s................................................................................................................................ /2
,,.,# Hdrostatic features.............................................................................................................. /2
,,.,, F)ow)ines............................................................................................................................... /3
,,.," 8orma)s................................................................................................................................./3
,,.,/ Cur(ature.............................................................................................................................. /3
,,.,0 'arCers................................................................................................................................. /3
,,.,$ Cur(ature sca)e..................................................................................................................... /3
,". Se)ection....................................................................................................................................... 0#
,"., Se)ect a))................................................................................................................................. 0#
,"." 7ese)ect a))............................................................................................................................. 0#
,/ ?oo)s.............................................................................................................................................. 0,
,/., ChecC mode)........................................................................................................................... 0,
A/A
FREE!ship
,/." Remo(e negati(e.................................................................................................................... 0,
,/./ Remo(e unused points........................................................................................................... 0,
,/.0 7e(e)op p)ates........................................................................................................................ 0,
,/.$ Eee) and rudder wiFard........................................................................................................... 0/
,/.& -mport marCers........................................................................................................................0/
,/.. 7e)ete marCers........................................................................................................................0/
,/.2 @dd c)inder............................................................................................................................ 0/
,0 ?ransform...................................................................................................................................... 00
,0., Sca)e....................................................................................................................................... 00
,0." 'o(e....................................................................................................................................... 00
,0./ Rotate..................................................................................................................................... 00
,0.0 'irror....................................................................................................................................... 00
,0.$ *acCenb.................................................................................................................................0$
,$ Ca)cu)ations................................................................................................................................... 0.
,$., intersection cur(es.................................................................................................................. 0.
,$." 7esign hdrostatics.................................................................................................................02
,$./ Hdrostatics............................................................................................................................ 02
,$.0 Cross cur(es........................................................................................................................... 02
,$.$ Resistance ca)cu)ations.......................................................................................................... 03
,$.$., 7e)ft series....................................................................................................................... 03
,$.$." E@1ER............................................................................................................................. 03
,& DacCground images.......................................................................................................................$,
,&., 5isib)e......................................................................................................................................$,
,&." C)ear....................................................................................................................................... $,
,&./ *oad........................................................................................................................................ $,
,&.0 Sa(e........................................................................................................................................ $,
,&.$ 9rigin...................................................................................................................................... $,
,&.& Set sca)e................................................................................................................................. $,
,&.. ?ransparent co)or....................................................................................................................$"
,&.2 ?o)erance................................................................................................................................ $"
,&.3 D)ending.................................................................................................................................. $"
,. *anguage support..........................................................................................................................$/
,.., Creating trans)ations............................................................................................................... $/
48B 4enera) 1ub)ic *icense..............................................................................................................$0
1reamb)e......................................................................................................................................... $0
?erms and conditions for coping% distribution and modification.................................................... $$
89 <@RR@8?;............................................................................................................................. $.
A0A
FREE!ship
FREE!ship.
?his manua) is distributed as part of the FREE!ship project.
FREE!ship is an open source surfaceAmode)ing program based on subdi(ision surfaces and
intended for the design of ships.
?he program is free softwareG ou can redistribute it and/or modif it under the terms of the 48B
4enera) 1ub)ic *icense as pub)ished b the Free Software FoundationG either (ersion " of the
*icense% or =at our option> an )ater (ersion.

?he program and manua) are distributed in the hope that it wi)) be usefu)% but <-?H9B? @8;
<@RR@8?;G without e(en the imp)ied warrant of 'ERCH@8?@D-*-?; or F-?8ESS F9R @
1@R?-CB*@R 1BR19SE. See the 48B 4enera) 1ub)ic *icense for more detai)s% as enc)osed at
the end of this manua).
;ou shou)d ha(e recei(ed a cop of the 48B 4enera) 1ub)ic *icense a)ong with this manua).
if not% write to:
?he Free Software Foundation% -nc.%
$3 ?emp)e 1)ace% Suite //#
Doston% '@ #",,,A,/#.
BS@
A$A
Special thanks to:
Paul Unterweiser for creating the website
Stefan Probst for his continuing support% ad(ice% patience and de(e)oping the script
used for the on)ine database.
John Winters for he)p regarding the E@1ER resistance method.
Leo Lazauskas for adapting 'ich)et and answering numerous Huestions.
Alain Bertrand for testing FREE!ship under different window managers under <-8E
Antoine Birckel for trans)ating the manua) into French
Andrey Factor and Bruce aylor for repeated) beta testing new features as we)) as
their constructi(e comments.
FREE!ship
FREE!ship and Linux.
Free!ship is origina)) intended for <indows% a)though users ha(e reported that it runs rather we))
under <-8E too. -n some cases prob)ems might be e+perienced with the window focus. -n <indows
the dia)og that has focus a)was stas in front of the mainform. Bnder <ine the dia)og windows of
FREE!ship go sometimes to the bacCground whi)e retaining user input focus. @s a resu)t% FREE!ship
seems to be crashed whi)e it hasnIt. ?o so)(e this prob)em% ou must cc)e through the windows to
get the dia)og window bacC to the foreground and c)ose it. Bnfortunate)% some window managers
donIt a))ow this because not a)) of the open windows are )isted in the window menu. ?he fo))owing
are the resu)ts of some tests that ha(e been done on a Bbuntu DreeF Dadger.
E7E /.$ Bnusab)e. ?he menus donIt sta opened so no menu item can be chosen.
4nome 9n) the main window of FREE!ship is )isted in the window menu% so if ou
)oose the focus of a dia)og window% our on) choice is to Ci)) FREE!ship.
F)u+bo+ 9E
-ce<m 9E
<indow'aCer 9E
9penbo+ 9E
D)acCbo+ 8ot tested% but as D)acCbo+ is Huite c)ose to F)u+bo+ it is probab) oC.
A&A
FREE!ship
1. Introduction.
FREE!ship uses a techniHue ca))ed surface mode)ing to define the shape of a ship. ?his techniHue
in(o)(es Jscu)ptingK the hu)) as if it were a (er thin and f)e+ib)e piece of c)oth b pu))ing and shifting
points. -t is howe(er not )imited to the hu)) a)one as we wi)) see )ater. 7ecCs% superstructures% masts%
Cee)s and rudders can be mode)ed this wa too. Bn)iCe other programs% FREE!ship uses subdi(ision
surfaces to comp)ete) mode) the ship. Subdi(ision surfaces gi(e the designer more f)e+ibi)it in
designing an desired shape. Dut when ou want to get the most of this techniHue it is important to
ha(e a basic understanding of some of its under)ing princip)es. @n e+amp)e of the hu)) a simp)e
demo acht can be seen on -))ustration ,. ?he actua) surface is a mesh consisting of the fo))owing /
objects:
Faces
Edges
1oints
!"# Faces"
@ face is a )itt)e piece of the entire surface =sometimes a)so ca))ed a patch> and is usua)) defined
with 0 points.
-n some areas it is desirab)e to ha(e )ess =or e(en more> points% but genera)) the best resu)ts are
obtained when most of the faces consist of 0 points.
!"$ %d&es"
@)) successi(e points of the face are connected b )ines. ?hese )ines are ca))ed edges and can be
di(ided into two different Cinds of edges.
Boundary edges. ?hese are edges which form% as the name suggests% the boundar of the
surface. @ boundar edge is characteriFed b the fact that it has always on) ! face
attached to it. E+amp)es of boundarAedges are the sheer )ine =when the ship is not fitted
with a decC> or the center)ine of the ship. ?he center)ine% or profi)e% is in fact a specia) case.
<hen defining the hu)) on) its portside is created. So a)) edges on the center p)ane are
boundarAedges as the ha(e on) one face connected to it. -n rea)it the ship is smmetric%
and when performing ca)cu)ations FREE!ship creates a (irtua) smmetric ship b mirroring
the mode) in the center p)ane.
A.A
Illustration 1
FREE!ship
Regular edges. ?hese are a)) other edges awa from the boundar of the surface% and must
always be shared b # adjacent faces. Regu)ar edges are drawn as darCAgra )ines. ?he two
faces connected to an edge are joined smooth) a)ong their shared edge. -t is possib)e
howe(er to marC an edge as a creaseAedge. <hen doing so% the two faces are joined in a
tangentAdiscontinuous wa. -n other words% creaseAedges are used to define CnucC)e )ines. @
boundarAedge is in fact a specific case of a crease edge since there is no second face to
maCe a smooth transition.
FREE!ship uses the presence of boundarAedges in its ca)cu)ations. D doing so it is ab)e to
determine when the ship is maCing water when for e+amp)e the decC )ine is submerged. ?he
downside to this is that it is critica) for an regu)ar edge to be connected to two faces% at )east when
not submerged. Ha(ing two different edges which are )ocated precise) on top of each other is not
sufficient. Faces ha(e to be phsica)) connected to the sa'e edge. ?here is a)so another reason
for this which wi)) be e+p)ained in ,.& 4uide)ines to subdi(ision mode)ing. DoundarAedges from
which both the startpoint and endpoint are )ocated on the center p)ane are e+c)uded from this test.
-n rea)it these edges are connected to both the portside and the starboard side of the ship and are
therefore not tru) a boundarAedge.
!"( Points"
1oints form the basis of the surface. 'ost of the editing is done on a pointA)e(e) b mo(ing points to
different )ocations% inserting new points or remo(ing e+isting points. Dasica)) there are two different
tpes of points of interest to the user. ?hese are:
Regular points. ?hese are a)) points other then cornerpoints. -t is important to rea)iFe that
these points ha(e a certain offset to the resu)ting surface. ?his de(iation to the surface is
bigger in surface areas with high cur(ature. -t becomes )ess when more points and edges
are inserted.
Cornerpoints. Cornerpoints are specific points% usua)) connected to " or more creaseA
edges. Lust )iCe a creaseAedge can be used to specif that two faces ha(e to be connected
in a discontinuous wa% cornerpoints ma be used to do so with two adjacent edges.
Cornerpoints are the on) tpe of points actua)) )ocated on the hu)) surface. 1oints where /
or more creaseAedges meet are automatica)) set to cornerpoints b the program.
A2A
FREE!ship
!") Subdi*ision surfaces"
@ subdi(ision surface is a specia) tpe of sp)ineAsurface. 8orma)) mode)ing programs worC with
parametric sp)ine surfaces )iCe DASp)ine surfaces or 8BRD surfaces. ?hese surfaces are comp)ete)
described b a set of contro)points. Contro)points are the points which the user can modif to contro)
the shape of the surface. @n point on the surface can be
ca)cu)ated from these contro)points using a set of parametric
formu)as. ?he drawbacC of these parametric surfaces is that the
a)was reHuire a Jrectangu)arK grid of contro)points. ?hese
contro)points in rea)it might fo))ow the shape of a hu))% so the do
not )ooC )iCe a true rectangu)ar grid. Dut the a)was ha(e sa N
points in the )ongitudina) direction and M points in the (ertica)
direction where both N and M might be an number eHua) to or
)arger than ". -n the figure )eft NM0 and MM0 and the number of
contro)points eHua)s 0N0M,&. <ith parametric sp)ine surfaces it is
not possib)e to insert a sing)e new
point on an edge. -nstead an entire
row of points ha(e to be inserted as demonstrated in the figure to
the right. ?his resu)ts in ha(ing more contro)points than actua))
needed or desired% and more contro)points mean more worC to the
designer. @)so (er comp)e+ shapes cannot be mode)ed using on)
one surface. <hen using mu)tip)e surfaces the designer is
cha))enged with the difficu)t tasC of a)igning these surfaces at their
boundaries. -t is often desirab)e to maintain a smooth transition
a)ong these boundaries. Each time one of these surfaces is
modified% the other surface has to be modified b the user to
maintain this smooth transition.
A3A
Illustration 2
Illustration 3
FREE!ship
?o o(ercome these prob)ems FREE!ship maCes use of subdi(ision surfaces. Subdi(ision surfaces
a)so use contro)points as a mode)ing hand)e% just )iCe 8BRDS or DASp)ines. <ith subdi(ision
surfaces the grid of contro)points does not need to be rectangu)ar% but ca)cu)ating a point on the
surface is more difficu)t since the surface is not parametric. -nstead the contro)mesh is refined and
smoothed in a number of steps. Each step is ca))ed a Jsubdi(ision stepK% hence the name
subdi(ision surfaces. ?his process is c)arified in -))ustration 0:
Illustration 4
?o the )eft the contro)mesh of a be(e)ed cube is (isib)e. ?he first step in the subdi(ision process is
refining the mesh. ?his is done b inserting a new point on each edge =ca))ed an edgeApoint>.
<hene(er a new edgeApoint is ca)cu)ated% information from both adjacent faces is retrie(ed. ?his is
another reason wh edges a)was must be shared b two faces. For each face which has four
points or more a point is a)so inserted at the center of each face =ca))ed a faceApoint>. For faces with
three points each new edgeApoint is connected with the new point of the pre(ious edge% thus
creating 0 new triang)es. @)) other faces are subdi(ided b connecting each edgeApoint to the faceA
point. ?his wa a refined mesh is created which sti)) has the same shape as the origina). ?his is
shown in the midd)e. Fina)) a)) the points in the surface are shifted to a new )ocation in such a wa
that the surface appears smooth. ?his is ca))ed averaging in subdi(ision terms =right side>. -f this
process is repeated a number of times a (er fine and smooth
mesh is the resu)t. FREE!ship shows a dropdown bo+ in the too)bar showing the precision of the
mode). ?his is actua)) a measure for how man subseHuent subdi(ision steps the program
performs.
Illustration 5
-))ustration & shows the contro)mesh of the same be(e)ed cube and the resu)ting surface after ,% "
and / subdi(ision steps is shown.
A,#A
FREE!ship
Illustration 6
?his is the same cube% but a number of edges ha(e been marCed as creaseAedges =red )ines>. ?he
resu)t is a sharp CnucC)e )ine going around the cube. -t is c)ear) (isib)e that faces adjacent to the
creaseAedges are no )onger joined in a smooth manner.
A,,A
FREE!ship
!"+ ,uidelines to subdi*ision 'odelin&"
-n this paragraph some guide)ines are gi(en to obtain the best resu)ts.
Bse a regu)ar grid whene(er possib)e. @
grid is considered regu)ar if a)) faces consist
of four points% and a)) points are connected
to four edges and faces. @ point on the
boundar is considered regu)ar if it has /
edges and two faces connected to it. 9ff
course this is not a)was possib)e.
?riangu)ar faces ma be used as a means
to reduce the number of points in an area.
$Asided faces% or $ 0Asided faces can be
used to increase the number of points. @
tru) regu)ar grid wou)d )ooC e+act) as the
DAsp)ine surface in the pre(ious paragraph.
<hene(er possib)e a)was ha(e two faces
connected to a)) edges other than boundarAedges. -f more than two edges are connected to
an edge% that specific edge wi)) be drawn thicCer and in a )ight green co)or. ?his must be
a(oided at a)) cost as it messes up hdrostatic ca)cu)ations. DoundarAedges are a))owed%
but as soon as the become submerged hdrostatics wi)) not be ca)cu)ated anmore. See
a)so ,/., ChecC mode).
'aCe sure that the norma)s of a)) the faces point outward =in the direction of the water>. ?his
is of uttermost importance since FREE!ship ca)cu)ates hdrostatics b integrating the
enc)osed (o)ume at the back of the faces. -f the norma) of a face points inward% the (o)ume
outside the hu)) wou)d be ca)cu)ated and might e(en become negati(e. D using the actua)
surface for hdrostatic ca)cu)ations instead of a number of stations% a higher accurac is
obtained. ?his is especia)) true when the mode) has a hee)ing ang)e and/or trim% or is fitted
with a superstructure. FREE!ship can a)so checC the direction of norma)s automatica))% but
correctness is on) guaranteed if the mode) is tota)) c)osed% meaning that no other
boundarAedges are present e+cept the edges )ing on the center p)ane. @utomatic checCing
can be disab)ed in the project settings dia)og as e+p)ained in 0., 1roject settings.
A,"A
Illustration 7
FREE!ship
2. Viewports.
#"! -oo'in& and pannin&"
<hen a new mode) is opened or started the program b defau)t adds 0 windows. Each window has
a different (iew on the /7 hu)). ?he area of the window on which the mode) is drawn is ca))ed a
(iewport. 6ooming in or out on the (iewport is done b
pressing the )eft mouse button and mo(ing the mouse
up or down whi)e Ceeping the )eft button pressed.
Bsers ha(ing a mouse whee) ma find it con(enient to
Foom in or out using their mouse whee). 1anning the
(iewport is done in a simi)ar manner% on) with the right
mouse button must be pressed. 9n) when the
(iewport disp)as a perspecti(e (iew% as in the image
to the right% two scro))bars are (isib)e. ?hese can be
used to rotate and ti)t the mode). @nother wa to rotate
the mode) is Ceeping the midd)e mouse button =or
mouse whee)> pressed whi)e dragging the mouse% a)so
on) in a in a perspecti(e (iew. @dditiona) options for
each (iewport are accessib)e from the popupAmenu which shows after the right button of the mouse
has been pressed.
#"# Selectin& ite's"
9n) items (isib)e in the (iewport can be se)ected and on) if the (iewport is in wireframe mode
=shading is turned off>. -n order to se)ect points or edges the contro)net has to be turned on. Faces
can on) be se)ected when the interior edges are turned on. For more information concerning
(isibi)it options the reader is referred to ,,. 5isibi)it options. -t is important to Ceep in mind that
se)ected faces% edges or points re'ain se)ected e(en when the are not (isib)e in the (iewport due
to a change in the (isibi)it options. ?o se)ect an item% simp) c)icC on it with the mouse. Se)ected
items can be recogniFed because the are drawn in e))ow. -f a point is se)ected% and the user c)icCs
on a different point% this new point wi)) be se)ected and the pre(ious point wi)) be dese)ected.
Se)ecting mu)tip)e points howe(er is possib)e b Ceeping the C?R*ACe pressed whi)e c)icCing on a
new point.
-f the C?R* Ce is pressed whi)e an edge is being se)ected% the program tries to trace the edge unti)
a irregu)ar point is encountered or an edge with a different creaseApropert. ?his wa it is eas to
se)ect an entire row of edges =edge)oop> such as for e+amp)e the sheer)ine or a hard chine.
Faces a)so can be C?R*Ase)ected. -n that case a)) the faces be)onging to the same )aer and
connected to the se)ected one are a)so se)ected or dese)ected. Faces that are iso)ated from the
se)ected face because the are tota)) surrounded b crease edges are not inc)uded.
#"$ .ra&&in& control points"
9ne of the most important options when it comes to mode)ing the hu)) is dragging points. -n order to
do this the contro)net must be turned on. @)though it is possib)e to se)ect points in a perspecti(e
(iew% the actua) dragging of the point can on) be done in the bodp)an (iew% profi)e (iew or p)an
(iew. <hen dragging a contro)point a)) information is updated rea)time. ?his inc)udes stations%
buttocCs% water)ines and diagona)s. Especia)) when the precision of the mode) is set to a high (a)ue
this updating might become s)ow since each intersection with the hu)) must be reca)cu)ated. -f it
becomes too s)ow% tr using a )ower precision. -f it is sti)) too s)ow% switch off some of these
intersection cur(es since on) (isib)e items are reca)cu)ated% or tr using )ess intersection cur(es.
A,/A
Illustration 8
FREE!ship
#"( /odifyin& controlpoints 'anually"
-f a point is se)ected% the form disp)aed to the right is shown% and the
position of the point in /7Aspace is disp)aed in it. ?hese (a)ues can be
a)tered manua)) b tping the new )ocation in the appropriate fie)ds. -n
addition to that the (a)ues can a)so be a)tered re)ati(e) to the current
)ocation b tping the character @ in front of the numerica) part. -f for
e+amp)e the string @!"2 is entered in the fie)d for the Acoordinate% then a)) the Acoordinates of all
se)ected points wi)) be decreased b #."#. So the Acoordinate for the disp)aed point becomes
".,#A#."#M,.3#. ?his is a con(enient wa to shift a number of se)ected points. -f the project uses
imperia) units then it is a)so possib)e to enter a feetAinch/2 (a)ue as fo))ows: /A"A,% meaning /ft " ,/2
inch.
@nother wa of mo(ing points is b pressing the arrow Ces in the bodp)an% profi)e or p)an (iew.
?he acti(e point mo(es a certain distance in the direction of the arrow Ce that was pressed. ?his
distance% ca))ed Jincrementa) distanceK is (isib)e at the statusbar of the program% ne+t to the amount
of undo memor that is in use. -f c)icCed on the te+t disp)aing the incrementa) distance a dia)og
appears in which a new (a)ue for the incrementa) distance can be specified. @nother and faster wa
is to press either the O or P Ce. ?he incrementa) distance is then changed b ,#Q.
?he b)acC arrows disp)aed ne+t to each input fie)d on the contro)point form can be used to
increment the (a)ues with the same incrementa) distance as mentioned abo(e.
#") .ifferent drawin& 'odes"
FREE!ship has three different drawing modes which are accessib)e from the popupAmenu under the
right mouse button.
<ireframe =Ctr)A<>. 9n) the points% )ines and edges are drawn.
Shade =Ctr)AF>. ?he surfaces are drawn in a so)id co)or% )ines are drawn on top of it. ?he
submerged part of the surface can optiona)) be shown in a different co)or.
7e(e)opabi)it checC =Ctr)A7>. ?he surfaces are shaded again% on) this time parts that are
de(e)opab)e are shaded green and parts that are not de(e)opab)e are shaded red. 'ore
about de(e)opab)e surfaces can be found in ,#.2 *aer properties dia)og and ,/.0 7e(e)op
p)ates
4aussian cur(ature =Ctr)A4>% used to checC the
fairness of a surface. ?he mode) is shaded in
co)ors% based on the discrete 4aussian
cur(ature in each point. 'ost hu))s are cur(ed in
two directions% ca))ed the principa) cur(atures.
4aussian cur(ature is the product of these two
principa) cur(atures. 8ow there are /
possibi)ities here:

0e&ati*e ,aussian cur*ature. ?hese
areas are shaded b)ue and ha(e the
shape of a sadd)e% since the cur(ature in
one direction is positi(e whi)e the
cur(ature in the other must be negati(e.
-ero ,aussian cur*ature. @t )east one of the two principa) cur(atures is Fero% so the
surface is either f)at or cur(ed in on) one direction. -n both cases the surface is
de(e)opab)e =?his is in fact a (er important propert of de(e)opab)e surfaces>. ?hese
areas are shaded green.
Positi*e ,aussian cur*ature. ?he cur(ature in both directions can be positi(e or
negati(e% but must ha(e the same sign. ?hese areas are con(e+ or conca(e and
shaded red.
A,0A
FREE!ship
6ebra shading =Ctr)AE>. @nother option to checC the mode) for fairness. Regions with a
constant )ightAref)ection intensit are shaded in
bands. ?his is simi)ar to the wa the human ee
detects unfair spots on a surface since the
shininess and shadows (ar in those areas. -f the
edges of the Febra stripes are cur(ed smooth)
then the surface is smooth in these areas. @t
CnucC)e )ines the (ar abrubt).
#"+ Printin&"
5iewports can be printed% but on) if the are in wireframe mode. Regard)ess of the Foom state of
the (iewport% the entire mode) wi)) be send to the printer. -f the current (iew is a perspecti(e (iew
then the sca)e of the print wi)) be such that the mode) fits the paper. 9ther (iews ma be printed to
sca)e.
#"1 Sa*e as bit'ap i'a&e"
?he image as shown in the (iewport can a)so be
sa(ed to disC. ?he fo))owing dia)og appears in which
the desired width or height might be specified. -t is
a)so possib)e to enter the fi)ename and the fi)e
)ocation.
A,$A
FREE!ship
3. File menu.
From the fi)e menu (arious options are a(ai)ab)e.
$"! 0ew"
?his starts a new mode). ?he fo))owing dia)og is shown:
?he number of points in )ongitudina)
direction means how man Jco)umnsK of
points are desired. 1oints on these
co)umns are rough) in the ordinate p)ane.
?he number of points in (ertica) direction
means the number of points on each
Jco)umnK from the bottom up. ?he desired
number of points depends on =and
increases with> the comp)e+it of the fina) hu)). Dut it is easier to obtain a fair surface when the
number of points is Cept as )ow as possib)e. @)so the amount of worC is reduced% since fewer points
ha(e to be faired. E+tra points might a)was be inserted )ater on in the process% especia)) in surface
areas with high cur(ature =such as the bi)ge or bu)b>. ?he input (a)ues for )ength and draft speaC for
itse)f. <ith beam is meant the tota) mou)ded beam. ?he )ast option enab)es to user to switch
between metric units =meters> or imperia) units =feet and inches>.
$"# 2pen"
Bse the open option to read an e+isting FREE!ship mode) from fi)e. Starting with (ersion ,.3#
FREE!ship sa(es fi)es to a new binar format with the .fbm e+tension. ?he o)d fi)es with the .free
e+tension can sti)) be imported% but sa(ing of this format is no )onger supported. Fi)es can sti)) be
transferred to o)der (ersion of the program b using the .fef import/e+port. ?o open a .free fi)e% c)icC
the open command in the mainmenu. <hen the opendia)og appears% se)ect J9)d freeship fi)es
=N.free>K from the dropdownbo+ at the bottom of the dia)og.
$"$ Sa*e"
?his option sa(es the current mode) to fi)e. -f a fi)e is sa(ed and a fi)e with that name a)read e+ists%
it is renamed b changing the e+tension from "#$% to "$a& ?his wa a bacCup fi)e is created"
$"( Sa*e as"
Sa(e the mode) whi)e prompting for a fi)ename.
$") 3'port"
FREE!Ship imports the fo))owing fi)e formats:
3.5.1 Part.
;ou can import a part fi)e and add it to the present geometr. How to create part fi)es is discussed in
/.&., 1art.. FREE!ship automatica)) detects if the part fi)e uses imperia) or metric units and sca)es
the imported geometr to suit the tpe of units used for the current project.
3.5.2 Carlson .hul file
-mport fi)es created with Car)son Hu))s shareware program% which is a(ai)ab)e from
http://www.car)sondesign.com/hu))s.Fip. -nformation about the rig wi)) not be imported. <hen
importing a fi)e% the user ma specif if the intermediate bu)Cheads% as specified in Hu))s% shou)d
a)so be imported. -f not then on) $ points on each subseHuent chine are imported. From (ersion
A,&A
Illustration '
FREE!ship
,.3# and up a new sp)ine is fitted through the points defined in
the Hu))s program. @)though the actua) points in FREE!ship are
sti)) outside the hu)) the points as read from th .hu) fi)e are
e+act) on the hu)). ?his can be easi) checCed because the
origina) chines from the fi)e are imported and added to the
mode) as marCers. Contro)cur(es are added to the crease
edges corresponding to each chine which shou)d coincide with
the marCers.
3.5.3 Import .fef file.
?he Fef fi)e format =FREE!ship %+change Format> is of no interest to most users since it is main)
supported b other programs from the same de(e)oper.
3.5.4 Surface.
-mport a te+tfi)e containing a number of /7 cur(es. ?his
option can best be used when the offsets of a round
bottomed hu)) need to be imported. ?hese cur(es ma
ha(e an number of points which ma differ from cur(e to
cur(e. Bsua)) the cur(es run from the bottom of the hu))
upwards% howe(er )ongitudina) cur(es are a))owed too%
just as )ong as a)) the cur(es ha(e the same orientation
and run in the same direction. -t is important that the
cur(es are not crossing each other.
?he user wi)) be prompted how man points in
)ongitudina) direction =number of co)umns> and in
(ertica) direction =number of rows> the imported
hu)) must ha(e. ?hen the program fits a DASp)ine
surface through these points such that the new
surface interpo)ates these points.
?he first )ine of the fi)e must either be a # =Fero> or a ,. @ Fero indicates that a)) coordinates are in
meters whi)e a one indicates that the coordinates are in feet. Each cur(e is defined b a seHuence
of :%; and 6 coordinates separated b at )east , space. ?he end of a cur(e is indicated b an
empt )ine after the )ast coordinate. ?he )ast )ine in the fi)e shou)d be IE9FI. ?he fo))owing is an
e+amp)e of a fi)e containing / stations.
A,.A
Illustration 1!
FREE!ship
@ more e+tensi(e samp)e fi)e can be found
in the FREE!ship Rships subdirector and is
ca))ed Round (ull i%port de%o"t)t. <hen
importing such a te+t fi)e FREE!ship
assumes the fo))owing:
:Acoordinates are )ongitudina).
1ositi(e ; coordinates correspond
with the portside of the ship. ?he base )ies at FM#.# and the aft perpendicu)ar at +M#.#
@)) cur(es ha(e mu)tip)icit of ,. Ha(ing " cur(es at the same )ocation )eads to errors.
<hene(er " cur(es e+ist at the same )ocation these " cur(es must be combined into one b
connecting the two segments with a )ine )ing on the center p)ane. ?hese segments can )ater
be remo(ed.
?he cur(es must be sorted from aft to front =or bottom up in case of )ongitudina) cur(es>% and
the coordinates of these cur(es must be sorted from the bottom to the top = or aft to front in
case of )ongitudina) cur(es>.
3.5.5 Importing chines.
-f ou want to import a hard chined hu)) then this is the
best option. ?he fi)e has the same format as described
in the pre(ious paragraph% on) the cur(es ha(e to run in
)ongitudina) direction this time since the represent
chines.
@gain the number of points ma differ from chine to
chine% each chine is ended with an empt )ine whi)e the
)ast )ine of the fi)e shou)d contain the E9F identifier.
?he cur(es are imported and the chines are fitted to the
datapoints of each imported cur(e in such a wa that
the chines from the FREE!ship hu)) match these cur(es.
?he imported cur(es are a)so added to the mode) as
marCers. ?he fi)e *(ines i%port de%o"t)t contains a
more e)aborate demo. -t is )ocated in the FREE!ship
Rships subdirector. ?he chines must be ordered from
the bottom up with coordinates going from aft to front.
@t )east three cur(es must be in the fi)e: ?he Cee) )ine% at
)east one chine and fina)) the decCA or sheer)ine.
Contro)cur(es are added to the crease edges
corresponding to each chine.
A,2A
0
10.62990 0.00000 1.75504
10.62990 0.15186 1.87085
10.62990 0.36387 2.07768
10.62990 0.51880 2.25144
10.62990 0.71454 2.51209
10.62990 0.91032 2.83897
10.62990 1.03680 3.13278
10.62990 1.10212 3.33143
10.62990 1.18380 3.65010
11.81100 0.00000 2.26416
11.81100 0.20519 2.48343
11.81100 0.36424 2.71927
11.81100 0.55190 3.09169
11.81100 0.68655 3.41447
11.81100 0.80491 3.75381
12.99210 0.00000 3.01751
12.99210 0.09559 3.19544
12.99210 0.18538 3.43133
12.99210 0.25068 3.62583
12.99210 0.33232 3.86172
EOF
1
0.000 0.000 0.150
0.856 0.000 0.048
1.884 0.000 -0.046
3.939 0.000 -0.158
4.966 0.000 -0.184
5.994 0.000 -0.195
8.049 0.000 -0.192
9.590 0.000 -0.163
10.618 0.000 -0.122
11.645 0.000 -0.059
13.700 0.000 0.150

-0.771 0.000 1.056
0.685 0.662 0.844
2.398 1.219 0.666
4.110 1.536 0.565
5.822 1.664 0.524
7.535 1.672 0.522
9.248 1.575 0.553
10.960 1.300 0.640
12.672 0.795 0.802
14.471 0.000 1.056
-0.053 0.000 1.683
0.856 0.421 1.498
2.911 1.071 1.211
4.966 1.375 1.077
7.021 1.436 1.050
9.076 1.344 1.090
11.131 0.989 1.247
13.186 0.272 1.563
13.753 0.000 1.683
EOF
FREE!ship
3.5.6 Import Carene X! file.
?his option is to open a te+tfi)e generated b
the Carene program% which is a(ai)ab)e from
http://www.epo+A
resins.co.uC/Carene/carene.htm . ?he te+tfi)e
contains the coordinates of the chines
describing the hu)). ?hese chines wi)) be
imported into FREE!ship and a sp)ine is fitted
such that the chine in FREE!ship )ies e+act)
on that of Carene. ?he origina) chine as
defined in the :;6 fi)e is added as a marCer
so that it can be checCed (isua)) if the
mode)s are the same. Contro)cur(es are
added to the crease edges corresponding to each chine.
3.5." #$M%.
-mport a mesh from 5R'* ,.# fi)es. For information regarding the 5R'* format see :
http://www.bergen.org/@?C/Course/-nfo?ech/5R'*SF@T.htm)
http://trap.mt(iew.ca.us/Utom/tech/)anguages/(rm),#c.htm)
<hen a 5R'* fi)e is imported on) the boundarAedges are set as creaseAedges. @)) other creaseA
edges must be manua)) set. ?he on) information imported from a 5R'* fi)e are inde+ed face sets.
3.5.& Pol'Ca( files.
Bsed to import .geo fi)es generated with 1o)Cad b 'arcus Do)e. 1o)Cad can be down)oaded for
free from http://www.po)cad.co.uC/down)oads.htm -nformation current) imported from the fi)e
inc)udes either genera)iFed Dsp)ine surfaces or surfaces generated with the Ship)ines or ;acht)ines
option. Contours are a)so imported.
3.5.) Michlet *a+es.
-f wa(e e)e(ations ha(e been ca)cu)ated using 'ich)et =see /.&.,, 'ich)et>% the resu)ts can be sa(ed
to a fi)e. FREE!ship is ab)e to import this information bacC into the program. -t is important not to use
too man pane)s. @ reso)ution of $# + $#M"$## pane)s gi(es genera)) a good resu)t as can be seen
be)ow. Bsing more pane)s rea)) s)ows the program down. Resu)ts of both the rectangu)ar p)ot and
the sectoria) p)ot can be imported into the program.
A,3A
FREE!ship
$"+ %4port"
FREE!ship current) e+ports the fo))owing fi)e formats:
3.6.1 Part.
-t is possib)e to sa(e a se)ection of the mode) as a part to a so ca))ed part fi)e. ;ou can do this b
se)ecting the desired faces ourse)f% or b se)ecting )aers in the )aer se)ection dia)og that appears
if no faces were se)ected manua)). @part from the points% edges% faces and contro)cur(es a)so )aer
information is sa(ed. ?his wa for e+amp)e a Cee) can be sa(ed to a fi)e and imported in another
design.
3.6.2 I,-S.
Subdi(ision surfaces can be used to mode) (er comp)e+ shapes with on) one mathematica)
surface% which cannot be done with one sing)e 8BRD surface. Decause of this it can be difficu)t to
trans)ate the subdi(ision surface into 8BRD surfaces. 8orma)) one 8BRD surface is created for
each face with 0 points. Faces with more or )ess points are subdi(ided in as much 8BRD patches
as there are points in the face. So a three sided face is con(erted to / 8BRD patches. ?his can )ead
to an enormous amount of patches in the -4ES fi)e. ?his is not necessari) a prob)em% un)ess ou
want to modif the surfaces in another C@7 program. ?herefore FREE!ship uses an a)gorithm that
assemb)es as much 0 sided faces as possib)e to form )arger 8BRD surfaces. ?his reduces the
amount of e+ported surfaces significant). -n some cases it can e(en be reduced to a sing)e 8BRD
surface. 9n) surfaces are e+ported to the -4ES fi)e. ?he are e+ported as 8BRD surfaces =-4ES
entit ,"2>.
3.6.3 .X/ 3. mesh.
?he same a)gorithm as described abo(e is used to form po)gona) meshes. ?hese meshes are
e+ported as 7:F po)meshes. Faces that cannot be con(erted to meshes are e+ported as /7
faces. /7 faces are sma)) three or four sided surfaces used in @utoCad. ?he information send is
eHua) to what is (isib)e in the (iewport. 9n) (isib)e )aers are sent. -f the (iewport shows both
ha)(es of the ship then both ha)(es are e+ported.
3.6.4 .X/ 2. pol'lines.
?he intersection cur(es =e+cept diagona)s> can be e+ported to a "7 7:F fi)e. @ dia)og appears in
which ou can specif the director where the fi)es shou)d be sa(ed and the units in which the are
sa(ed =meters% centimeters% mi))imeters% feet or inches>. Each cur(e can be e+ported to a different
fi)e% or cur(es can be grouped and sa(ed to / fi)es =stations% buttocCs and water)ines>. Decause of
A"#A
FREE!ship
the fact that the cur(es are e+ported as po))ines% cur(ed sections are appro+imated b straight )ine
segments. ?he ma+. )ength of such a straight )ine segment is adjustab)e which maCes this Cind of
e+port idea) for C8C data.
3.6.5 .X/ 3. pol'lines.
@)) intersection cur(es such as stations% buttocCs% water)ines% diagona)s and crease edges are
e+ported to an @utoCad 7:F fi)e as /7 po))ines. Contro)cur(es are e+ported a)so. @gain
information is e+ported as (isib)e in the (iewports.
3.6.6 0a+efront file 1.o234.
5isib)e parts of the surface are sent to an .obj fi)e as specified at
http://www.fi)eformat.info/format/wa(efrontobj/. Co)or information is not inc)uded at this point.
3.6." S5% file.
?he S?* format is main) used for manufacturing purposes% but sometimes a)so for e+changing
data with other C@7 programs. @)) (isib)e parts of the surfaces are send to the fi)e as a )arge
co))ection of sma)) triang)es.
3.6.& -6port .fef file.
See:/.$./ -mport .fef fi)e
3.6.) 7ffsets.
9ffsets of intersection cur(es and contro)cur(es are e+ported to a te+t fi)e. Regard)ess of the
(isibi)it settings a)) a(ai)ab)e )ines are e+ported. 9f each )ine on) the portside is send to the fi)e.
3.6.18 Coor(inates.
?his option sa(es the coordinates of a)) the contro)points from the mode) to a te+tfi)e. ?his te+tfi)e
can be read direct) into Rhino.
3.6.11 Michlet.
'ich)et is an e+ce))ent free CF7 program which can be down)oaded from
http://www.cberiad.net/mich)et.htm. ?he program can be used to gi(e a more accurate prediction
of frictiona) and residua) resistance. -t is based in
'itche))Is theor and is best suited for ships with a
)arge )ength/beam ratio =. or higher> and )ow
b)ocCcoefficient. Howe(er *eo *aFausCas% the author
of 'ich)et% reported that e(en ships with a */D ratio of
$ and up ma be used% a)though this reduces
accurac. 'ich)et a)so predicts the wa(e e)e(ations
of the far fie)d =the wa(es behind the (esse)>. For
more information regarding the use of 'ich)et and its
input (a)ues the user is referred to to 'ich)et manua).
9ne important aspect which - be)ie(e is not
mentioned in that manua) is that the speed used for
prediction wa(e e)e(ations cannot be higher than the
ma+imum speed specified for the resistance
ca)cu)ations. So maCe sure that this is high enough.
?here are current) / was of e+porting a hu)) to 'ich)et:
/onohull. ?his is the defau)t option for sending monohu))s.
A",A
FREE!ship
/onohull as cata'aran. ?his option is intended for designing catamarans. ?he usua)
wa to do this is first design the hu)) as a monohu))% with itIs centerp)ane sti)) on the :6
p)ane through the origin. ;ou can send the hu)) to 'ich)et as a mu)tihu)) with a specified
distance between the two center p)anes of each indi(idua) hu)). 'ich)et can be used to
optimiFe this distance b (aring it as the interference of the two hu))s shows up in the
wa(e pattern =and in the resistance cur(es>.
5ata'aran. -f ou ha(e a design consisting of two hu))s% again the distance must be
specified. howe(er in this case it 'ust be the actua) distance between the center p)anes
of the hu))s otherwise FREE!ship cannot ca)cu)ate the proper offsets of the hu))s.
-f ou want to use 'ich)et it is important to rea)iFe that each indi(idua) hu)) in 'ich)et must be
smmetrica) with respect to its own centerp)ane. -n other words% it cannot hand)e asmmetrica) hu))s.
?he resu)ts of the wa(e e)e(ation ca)cu)ation can be imported bacC into the program. 'ore
information about this topic is gi(en in /.$.3 'ich)et wa(es.
3.6.12 9rchime(es.
FREE!ship e+ports a)) stations in the mode) either to @rchimedes sing)e bod =.app fi)e> or to
@rchimedes'D% which is the mu)ti bod (ersion of @rchimedes =.h)) fi)e>. Doth (ersions of
@rchimedes can be used to perform additiona) hdrostatic and stabi)it ca)cu)ations. @rchimedes is
)owAcost software and is a(ai)ab)e from http://www.na(a)Aarchitecture.co.uC. ?his option is on)
enab)ed if stations are added to the mode).
3.6.13 ,:S.
E+port a)) a(ai)ab)e stations to a 4HS fi)e. 4HS fi)es can be imported b most hdrostatic programs
that perform ca)cu)ations based on a bodp)an and is a wide) accepted format.
$"1 %4it"
Shuts down the program.
$"6 Preferences"
?he fo))owing dia)og in -))ustration ,, shows in which program preferences ma be a)tered. ?hese
modified preferences are stored in the fi)e #rees(ip"dta )ocated in the same director as the
program. ?o restore the preferences to the defau)t settings it suffices to de)ete this fi)e and restart
the program. ;ou can restore modifications to co)or settings b pressing the reset button.
;ou can a)so modif the )anguage used b FREE!ship. 'ore about the )anguage support can be
found in Chapter ,..
A""A
Illustration 11
FREE!ship
. !ro"ect options.
("! Pro7ect settin&s"
?he project settings dia)og wi)) )et ou specif (arious project settings. -t has a number of tab pages.
?he first tab page is used for genera) information about the
project% such as the project name% name of the designer% some
comment% the name of the person who created the fi)e and the
tpe of units used for this project. ?his can either be imperia) or
metric units.
-t is a)so possib)e to turn shading of the submerged hu)) in a
different co)or on or off% and to specif the co)or to be used for the
submerged bod.
?hereIs a)so a switch to enab)e or disab)e the storage of a
pre(iew image in the project fi)e.
?he second tab page is used to define the main particu)ars of the
mode)% and the )ocation of the midship section. D defau)t this is
at ha)f the defined project )ength but this can be modified.
?he )ast tab page is used for a)) hdrostatics re)ated settings%
such as the densit of the water and appendage coefficient. ?his
is a factor norma)) used to incorporate she)) thicCness and
appendages such as the rudder in the disp)acement ca)cu)ation%
usua)) in the range ,.##$ A ,.#,#. ?hereIs a)so a dropdownbo+
which can be used to specif how hdrostatic coefficients% such
as for e+amp)e the b)ocCcoefficient and prismatic coefficient
shou)d be ca)cu)ated. ?his can be done using either the
dimensions specified in this project dia)og =customar when
designing )arger ships> or the actua) dimensions of the
submerged bod=customar when designing achts and sma))
boats> .
Each time hdrostatics are ca)cu)ated% the program checCs the direction of a)) facenorma)s. -f the
norma)s point in the wrong direction after this checC% it is best to disab)e the automatic checC and
manua)) f)ip the norma)s =3." F)ip> to the correct side.
FREE!ship can a)so show some hdrostatic features in the /7 mode) in wireframe mode =see ,,.,#
Hdrostatic features>. ;ou can a)so specif here which features shou)d or shou)d not be p)otted.
A"/A
FREE!ship
("# Linesplan"
FREEship! enab)es the user to (iew the comp)ete formatted )inesp)an of the ship. ?his can be done
in two different modes% wireframe mode =to the )eft> and the fi))ed mode =to the right>. ?he )inesp)an
shows on) the present intersection cur(es% regard)ess of the (isibi)it setting of the corresponding
intersection cur(es. So stations are a)was shown in the )inesp)an% e(en if the are switched off in
the hu))form (iews. Current) this )inesp)an can be sa(ed as a bitmap% to a d+f fi)e% or sent direct) to
the printer/p)otter. ?he )inesp)an can a)so be drawn in b)acC V white b c)icCing on the appropriate
button in the too)bar. Bsing fi)) co)ors is not possib)e in b)acC V white mode. 9n) if the mode)
contains no diagona)s% the p)an (iew might optiona)) be mirrored so that both sides are (isib)e.
Some )aers can be
hidden from the
)inesp)an. How this is
done is described in
,#.2 *aer properties
dia)og.
A"0A
Illustration 12
FREE!ship
#. Edit menu.
)"! Undo"
Bndo pre(ious editing actions. FREE!ship stores a)) actions. <hen a new fi)e is read into memor%
the pre(ious undo data wi)) not be destroed.
)"# .elete"
Bse this if ou want to de)ete se)ected items. ?he program first de)etes a)) se)ected faces% then the
edges and fina)) the se)ected points. @n points or edges that appear to be unused after this
process are de)eted a)so. 8ote that when a point is de)eted a)) attached faces and edges are
de)eted too. -f an edge is de)eted% an attached faces wi)) a)so be de)eted. See a)so point co))apse
and edge co))apse.
A"$A
FREE!ship
6. !oint operations.
+"! Add"
@dds a new point in /7 space. ?he new point is b defau)t )ocated at the origin =#.#% #.#% #.#>.
@dding new points is on) enab)ed if the contro)net is (isib)e.
+"# Ali&n"
-f more than two points are se)ected it is possib)e to a)ign them so that the form a straight )ine. ?his
is done b projecting a)) the se)ected points on the )ine segment through the first and )ast se)ected
point. ?he are projected to that )ine rather than uniform) distributed to Ceep the disp)acement of
the points minima).
+"$ 5ollapse"
?his remo(es a se)ected point without de)eting the surrounding geometr. @ point can on) be
co))apsed if it is attached to e+act) two edges. ?he point is then remo(ed% and the two edges are
combined into a sing)e edge. -f a point is attached to more than " edges% the other edges might be
remo(ed first b co))apsing these edges. ?he e+amp)e be)ow shows a point before and after
co))apsing it.
Illustration 13
+"( 3nsert"
For inserting a new point on an e+isting edge the reader is referred to the edgeAsp)it operation.
+") 3nsert plane"
?his operation intersects a)) edges that are *isible with a p)ane. -f such an intersection point e+ists%
it wi)) be inserted on the edge. @fter this% faces that ha(e mu)tip)e new) inserted points wi)) be sp)it
b inserting a new edge. ?his is a con(enient wa to insert for e+amp)e a whi)e range of points at a
certain ordinate )ocation. ?here is a)so an option to add a contro)cur(e to the new) created edges.
?he tpe of p)ane =(ertica)% horiFonta) or trans(erse> can be specified as we)) as the )ocation b
entering the desired distance into the dia)og that appears.
+"+ 3ntersect layers"
?his option is used for finding the intersection cur(e of two )aers% so it is on) enab)ed if more than
one )aer e+ists. -f two )aers are se)ected than a)) the edges of the first )aer are checC for an
intersection with a)) the faces of the second )aer. -f such an intersection e+ists than the point is
inserted in the edge. @fter the intersection test a)) inserted points are connected with new edges
which form the intersection cur(e of the two )aers. Remember that on) the first )aer is affected b
A"&A
FREE!ship
this operation% the second )aer is )eft undisturbed. @nother important issue is that points are on)
inserted in edges% not in faces. ?his option can be used for e+amp)e to find the intersection of the
hu)) with a Cee) or rudder.
+"1 Lock points"
@)) se)ected un)ocCed points wi)) be )ocCed. *ocCed points appear darC gra on screen and cannot
be mo(ed. 8one of the a(ai)ab)e editing operations has an effect on )ocCed points. ?his option is
on) enab)ed when more than , un)ocCed point is se)ected.
+"6 Unlock points"
?his un)ocCs se)ected points that are )ocCed% so that the can be modified again. 9n) enab)ed if at
)east , of the current) se)ected points has pre(ious) been )ocCed.
+"8 Unlock all points"
?his un)ocCs a)) points in the mode)% whether the are se)ected or not.
A".A
Illustration 15
FREE!ship
$. Ed%e operations.
1"! %4trude"
E+truding edges is a con(enient wa to create new surfaces.
Since an edge ma on) ha(e a ma+imum of two faces
attached% on) boundarAedges are a))owed to be e+truded.
-))ustration ,0 shows how a decC is easi) added b e+truding
the sheer)ine. ?he three stages of the process are:
Se)ect the boundar edges that must be e+truded.
Se)ect the edgeAe+trude option from the menu. @
dia)og appears in which the direction of the e+trusion is
specified. -n this case the e+trusion direction is #.# in
)ongitudina) direction% A"."$ in trans(erse direction and
#.#" upwards.
?he edges are e+truded in the specified direction. 8ew
faces are created and added to the current) acti(e
)aer. =See ,#., 4enera) information about )aers>
?he new) created points are mo(ed to the center)ine% and the decC is finished.
1"# Split"
Se)ected edges are sp)it in two b inserting a new
point in the midd)e. @fter the operation a)) new)
created points are se)ected. ?his is con(enient if new
edges shou)d be inserted. -n that case mu)tip)e edges
can be se)ected and sp)it in two. @)) se)ected points
be)onging to the same face ma then be sp)it b
inserting a new edge. =see ..0 -nsert>. ?he image to
the right shows two se)ected edges before and after
the sp)it. 8ote that this wa a face consisting of &
points is created. ?he two se)ected points shou)d
preferab) be connected% thus sp)itting the face in two
regu)ar faces. ?his ensures a more regu)ar grid and a
smoother surface. =see a)so ,.& 4uide)ines to
subdi(ision mode)ing>.
1"$ 5ollapse"
Co))apsing an edge remo(es the edge and combines the two attached faces into one new face.
Edge co))apsing on) maCes sense if the se)ected edge is not a boundarAedge. ?he e+amp)e to the
right shows how mu)tip)e edges are co))apsed in one pass. 9n) two points on the boundarAedges
remain. ?hese can be co))apsed using the pointAco))apse option from the menu.
A"2A
Illustration 14
FREE!ship
1"( 3nsert"
@ face can be sp)it into two new faces b
inserting an edge. ?o do this at )east two points
ha(e to be se)ected. Doth points must share the
same face% and no edge is a))owed to a)read
e+ist between these two points. ?o ensure a fair
surface it is recommended to e+tend inserted
edges =as those seen to the right> to a crease or
boundarAedge if possib)e.
1") 5rease"
Setting se)ected edges as creaseAedges a))ows the user to add CnucC)e )ines to the hu)). ?he
creaseApropert of boundarAedges cannot be changed. FREE!ship treats a)) boundar edges b
defau)t as creaseAedges. ?he image be)ow shows how a hard chine is created. ?o the )eft the mode)
without the chine is (isib)e. ?o the right the acht with the new CnucC)e )ine is disp)aed. -n this
specific e+amp)e the CnucC)e )ine runs o(er the fu)) )ength of the hu)). ?his is not abso)ute)
necessar. EnucC)e )ines ma run free) o(er the surface.

Illustration 17
A"3A
Illustration 16
FREE!ship
&. Cur'e operations.
6"! 5ontrolcur*es and fairin&"
?o ha(e a better contro) o(er the shape of the surface% contro)cur(es can be added to the mode).
?hese contro)cur(es are assigned to edges% and after each subdi(ision step the new edgeApoints
are not on) inserted into the surface but a)so into the cur(e. ?his ensures that the contro)cur(es are
a)was e+act) embedded in the surface% regard)ess of the precision setting of FREE!ship. -f the
cur(ature (isibi)it is switched on% then the cur(ature p)ot of the se)ected contro)cur(es is shown
a)so. ?his cur(ature p)ot is updated in rea)time if one of the points is mo(ed. -f the cur(ature p)ot is
interpreted and used correct) it is possib)e to produce a perfect) fair surface. Dumps or dents in
the surface that are too sma)) to be seen on screen with the naCed ee are easi) identified.
So what is cur(ature anwaW Cur(ature can be defined as fo))ows:
t(e rate o# *(ange +at a point, o# t(e angle $et-een a *urve
and a tangent to t(e *urve
?he image abo(e shows a contro)cur(e in the aft part of a container ship. ?o the )eft the
contro)cur(e is shown in b)ue% whi)e to the right the contro)cur(e is show in a se)ected state =e))ow>
together with itIs cur(ature p)ot =fuchsia>. ?he straight parts of the cur(e ha(e Fero cur(ature. -f ou
tra(e) a)ong the cur(e from the bottom to the direction of the decC% first the cur(e starts bending to
the )eft. -n this area the cur(ature is positi(e. @t a height of about ".$ meters the cur(e starts
bending to the right% here the cur(ature becomes negati(e. @ )itt)e bit further a)ong the cur(e it
bends to the )eft again% so the cur(ature becomes positi(e. How is this trans)ated into the cur(ature
p)otW @t a number of points on the cur(e the cur(ature is ca)cu)ated and drawn as a )ine%
perpendicu)ar to the cur(e. ?he )arger the )ine% the )arger the cur(ature. -f the cur(ature is positi(e
the )ine is drawn on the opposite site of the cur(e. So whi)e the abso)ute (a)ue of the cur(ature in a
point is not that interesting% the wa it changes a)ong the cur(e is. ?his is a measure of the fairness
of the cur(e. ;ou donIt want abrupt changes in the cur(ature% it shou)d (ar as smooth) as
A/#A
FREE!ship
possib)e. @nd (er often% especia)) with sma)) boats and achts% a change of the sign of the
cur(ature as seen in the image abo(e is high) undesirab)e. De)ow is an e+amp)e of a contro)cur(e
from a sai)ing acht. ?he upper part of the image shows a poor) faired cur(e. <e see a change of
the cur(ature sign in an area where it shou)d be positi(e% fo))owed short) after that b a sudden
increase in the siFe of the cur(ature. @fter that the cur(ature siFe rapid) drops% just to increase
again at the bow. ?he )ower ha)f of the image shows the same contro)cur(e after being faired. -t is
ob(ious that the cur(ature changes gradua)) now and the cur(e is (er smooth.
9ne thing to bear in mind is that the cur(ature at the first and the )ast point of the cur(e is a)was
Fero. ?his is due to the wa the cur(e is being drawn% and it has nothing to do with the actua)
cur(ature of the surface at that point. Contro)cur(es are easier to fair when the contro)points are
spaced more or )ess e(en) a)ong the cur(e and are regu)ar whene(er possib)e. ?he )ess
contro)points a cur(e has% the easier it is to produce a good running smooth cur(e.
6"# 0ew
First se)ect a number of edges that are connected b their start and endpoints. =?his is easier when
ou ho)d the contro) Ce on our Ceboard pressed down when se)ecting an edge> @fter that it is
possib)e to create and assign a contro)cur(e to these edges. 9n) one contro)cur(e can be assigned
to each edge. -f the new cur(e is not shown on the screen% maCe sure that the (isibi)it of
contro)cur(es is turned on.
A/,A
FREE!ship
(. Face operations.
8"! 0ew"
@dd a new face using pre(ious) se)ected points. ?hese points ha(e to be se)ected in the correct
order. -f )ooCed in the direction of the new face as seen from the water% the norma) of the new face
points outward if the points are sorted in counterc)ocCwise order. -f se)ected in c)ocCwise order% the
norma) points inward. @)) norma)s 'ust point outward in the direction of the water =see ,.&
4uide)ines to subdi(ision mode)ing>. ?he direction of facenorma)s is automatica)) checCed and
corrected =if possib)e> if this option is not disab)ed in the project dia)og. ?his checC is performed
each time hdrostatics are ca)cu)ated or when the checC mode) option is chosen from the menu.
8"# Flip"
?his option can be used to manua)) f)ip the norma)s of se)ected faces to the other side. ?he
norma)s of a face can be (isua)iFed b se)ecting the specific face. 'aCe sure that both interior
edges and (isibi)it of norma)s are turned on. <hen disp)aing norma)s% each norma) is ca)cu)ated
as the a(erage norma) in a point of the refined subdi(ision mesh. ?his a(erage is ca)cu)ated from a))
faces surrounding that point. @)ong the boundar of an edge sharing two faces with opposite norma)
directions% this ma seem a bit strange as can be seen on the )eft side of the image be)ow. ?he
norma)s a)ong these boundaries )ooC as if projected to the surface.
Illustration 18
A/"A
FREE!ship
1). La*er operations.
!9"! ,eneral infor'ation about layers"
?he hu)) created with FREE!ship consists of on) , surface% e(en if mu)tip)e separate surfaces
appear on the screen that are not connected to each other. <hen mode)ing comp)e+ mode)s the
information on the screen ma sometimes be o(erwhe)ming. ?herefore )aers are imp)emented.
Each face is assigned to a )aer. ?hese )aers ha(e certain properties such as for e+amp)e co)or
and (isibi)it. ?his wa it is possib)e to group faces into a )aer and assign those properties to a))
faces. ?he (isibi)it propert of these )aers maCes it possib)e to hide them from the user. -f a)) faces
attached to an edge or point are in(isib)e% the edge or point in Huestion wi)) a)so not be shown. ?his
ensures an optima) (iew on the mode) when se)ecting items or dragging points. Faces assigned to a
)aer a)) share the properties of that )aer.
!9"# Acti*e layer"
@t a)) times an acti(e )aer is present in the mode). -f no
faces are selected% the dropdown bo+ in the too)bar
disp)as which )aer is current) acti(e. -f one or more
faces are se)ected be)onging to the sa'e )aer% this
dropdown bo+ shows which )aer this is. ?his might be a
different )aer then the acti(e )aer. <hen mu)tip)e faces
are se)ected which are assigned to different )aers% the
dropdown bo+ turns b)anC. @)) new) created faces created b e+truding edges or manua)) adding
faces% are assigned to the )aer which is current) acti(e.
!9"$ Assi&nin& faces to a different layer"
@ssigning faces to a different )aer is done as fo))ows:
Se)ect the faces in Huestion
1u)) down the dropdown bo+ and c)icC on the new
)aer.
7ese)ect the faces.
@)) faces shou)d now be assigned to the new )aer.
!9"( Acti*e layer color"
'odif the co)or of the acti(e )aer. ?his co)or is a)so (isib)e in the too)bar% right ne+t to the
dropdown bo+.
!9") Auto &roup"
?his option e+tracts groups of faces which are tota)) surrounded b crease edges. ?hen each
group of faces is assigned to a new )aer. -f no faces are se)ected% a)) faces of the mode) wi)) be
used. 9therwise on) the se)ected faces wi)) be grouped. FREE!ship tries to sa(e as much of the
present information as possib)e. -f a set of faces is e+tracted% and the a)read be)ong to the same
)aer then this )aer is )eft undisturbed. @uto grouping is on) enab)ed when interior edges are
turned on.
A//A
Illustration 1'
Illustration 2!
FREE!ship
!9"+ 0ew"
@dds a new empt )aer to the mode)
and maCes it the acti(e )aer.
!9"1 .elete e'pty"
9n) enab)ed when the mode) contains at )east one empt )aer and when more than , )aer is
present. <hen se)ected% a)) empt )aers are remo(ed from the mode). ?his a)so inc)udes the acti(e
)aer if it is empt. @t )east one )aer remains as the acti(e )aer.
!9"6 Layer properties dialo&"
@ window is disp)aed showing a)) )aers and
their properties. ?he )eft ha)f of the window shows
a )ist containing a)) a(ai)ab)e )aers in the mode).
D c)icCing on the name of a )aer% this )aer is
se)ected. ?he properties of this se)ected )aer are
then disp)aed to the right. 7oub)e c)icCing on a
)aer in the )ist on the )eft side maCes it the acti(e
)aer. From within this dia)og it is possib)e to turn
)aers on or off or to modif the fo))owing )aer
properties:
5isibi)it.
?he checCbo+es on the )eft side indicate
whether the corresponding )aer is (isib)e
or not. C)icC on the checCbo+ to turn the )aer on or off. 1oints or edges from the contro)net
be)onging to in(isib)e )aers are a)so hidden% which maCes mode)ing of comp)e+ mode)s
easier.
8ame.
?he )aer name is disp)aed in the )ist at the )eft% but it can on) be modified at the right side
of the window. FREE!ship does not reHuire the )aer name to be a uniHue name% since a))
)aers are identified b an interna) uniHue identification number. Some C@7 programs
howe(er% such as @utocad% do not a))ow spaces in the name of a )aer or dup)icate names.
Co)or.
?he )aer co)or is used for shading the mode). -t is a)so used in the )inesp)an and for
de(e)oped pane)s. ?he co)or of a )aer can be modified b c)icCing the co)ored sHuare to the
right. @ dia)og then appears in which a new co)or can be chosen.
?ransparenc.
Sometimes it is nice to shade certain surfaces =partia))>
transparent% such as windows for e+amp)e. ?he amount
of transparenc can be modified b mo(ing the s)idebar.
?he amount of transparenc can range from #Q =tota))
so)id> to ,##Q =in(isib)e>. 8ote though that transparent
shading might consume a )ot of memor and
significant) s)ow down the shading process. Since
norma) 6Abuffer shading or p)ain a)pha b)ending
produces strange artifacts% the on) wa to do this
proper) is b Ceeping tracC of a)) surfaces co(ering a particu)ar pi+e) on the screen and then
A/0A
FREE!ship
drawing a)) these surfaces from the bacC to the front. ?his costs e+tra memor and C1B
time% but apart from being a bit s)ower it shou)d not pose an rea) prob)ems.
Smmetric.
9n) if a )aer does not contribute the hdrostatics it can be a nonAsmmetrica) )aer. So
genera)) it can not be used to create asmmetrica) hu))s. -t can be used howe(er to add
asmmetrica) decChouses or other objects on the hu))% such as sai)s% peop)e etc.
Bse for hdrostatics.
FREE!ship uses the faces of the subdi(ision mesh for hdrostatic ca)cu)ations =see ,$."
7esign hdrostatics>. -t ca)cu)ates the (o)ume enc)osed b these faces. Sometime howe(er
there are surfaces present in the mode) that shou)d not be inc)uded in the hdrostatic
ca)cu)ations. ?his is particu)ar) the case if the faces of a )aer do not form an enc)osed
(o)ume% but on) a surface% such as a sai) for e+amp)e. -f a sai) were to be inc)uded in the
ca)cu)ations% FREE!ship wou)d ca)cu)ate the (o)ume aft of the sai) =if it is submerged> as a
(o)ume. Since this (o)ume e+tends to infinit =there is no bacCside surface present> it wou)d
introduce an error. So specific )aers can be e+c)uded from the ca)cu)ations b remo(ing the
checC from the checCbo+. See a)so ,/., ChecC mode) for more information concerning )eaC
points.
intersection cur(es.
D c)icCing this checCbo+% the intersection cur(es propert of a )aer can be enab)ed or
disab)ed. -f the checCbo+ is not checCed then the faces of this )aer wi)) not be inc)uded
when the intersection cur(es are ca)cu)ated. For comp)e+ mode)s it is often con(enient to
disp)a stations% buttocCs% water)ines and diagona)s of the hu)) on)% and not for the decC%
superstructure etc. ?his setting has no inf)uence on the hdrostatics.
7e(e)opab)e.
7e(e)opab)e hu))s can be bui)d
from f)at p)ates which are on)
bend in one direction. 'ost hu))s
are not de(e)opab)e since the
surface is cur(ed in two directions.
*aers from which the de(e)opab)e
propert is checCed are shaded
different). 7e(e)opab)e areas of
these )aers are shaded with a )ight
green co)or. @reas that are not
de(e)opab)e are shaded red. ?his
is a con(enient wa to checC if a
hu)) is indeed de(e)opab)e.
-))ustration "" shows an e+amp)e of
a mu)tiAchine motorboat. -t can
immediate) be seen b the green
co)or that a)most the entire hu)) is
de(e)opab)e. Lust a few (er sma)) spots in the topside and bow% and a )arger area in front at
the bottom are co)ored red. ?hose (er sma)) spots are most) numeric errors =FREE!ship
uses a (er sma)) to)erance>. ?he )arger bottom area howe(er is not de(e)opab)e from a
mathematica) point of (iew. 7e(e)opab)e hu))s are often made of p)wood% which is far easier
to bend than meta) as a resu)t of different materia) properties. -n rea)it Ja)mostK de(e)opab)e
hu))s can perfect) be bui)d using p)wood% whereas the same hu)) bui)d of meta) reHuires
JtorturingK the meta) to get it into shape. -f one or more )aers are marCed as de(e)opab)e%
the program can unfo)d =or de(e)op> this /7 surface onto a f)at p)ane as e+p)ained in 13"4
.evelop plates"
Show in )inesp)an.
Sometimes a )aer contains items ou donIt want to be seen in the )inesp)an. @n e+amp)e of
this cou)d be a mast and sai)s. ?hese are re)ati(e) high compared to the rest of the boat.
Showing these in the )inesp)an (iew wou)d cause the hu)) to appear (er sma)). ?herefore
some )aers ma be hidden. De aware though that the sca)e of items in the )inesp)an is a)so
determined b the intersection cur(es. -f a )aer wou)d contain a sai)% and the intersection
A/$A
Illustration 22
FREE!ship
cur(es propert is checCed% intersection cur(es of this sai) wou)d sti)) be ca)cu)ated and seen
in the )inesp)an. ?herefore it is best if ou want to hide )aers from this (iew to a)so disab)e
ca)cu)ating intersection cur(es from those )aers.
'ateria) properties.
?here are two input fie)ds at the bottom that can be used for a weight estimation of a )aer. -n the
Jspecific weightK fie)d the densit of the used materia) can be entered% for e+amp)e ..2 tons/m/ in
the case of stee). -n the fie)d be)ow that the a(erage thicCness can be specified. ?hese two
properties combined with the tota) area of the surface assigned to this )aer resu)t in a weight
estimate and corresponding center of gra(it. ?his is shown when the design hdrostatics are
ca)cu)ated.
De)ow the materia) properties the surface area% weight and center of gra(it of the se)ected )aer are
disp)aed. ?he b)acC up and down arrows in the too)bar can be used to mo(e a se)ected )aer up or
down in the )ist. 7e(e)opab)e )aers wi)) appear in the same order in the window with de(e)oped
pane)s.
A/&A
FREE!ship
11. Visi+ilit* options.
!!"! 5ontrol net"
?he contro)net is the combination of points and
edges that form the initia) subdi(ision mesh.
?hese are the entities that can be manipu)ated
b the user to shape the surface. -f a)) the faces
attached to a certain point or edge be)ong to
)aers which are turned off% it wi)) not be drawn
to the (iewports. ?hat wa on) the points or
edges of interest wi)) be shown.
!!"# 5ontrolcur*es"
Contro)cur(es are cur(es that are assigned to edges of the contro)net and are used to fair the
surface. ?he (isibi)it of these contro) cur(es is
not depending on the (isibi)it of the contro)net.
-n fact% se)ecting and manipu)ating
contro)cur(es is often easier when the contro)
net is not (isib)e. 1oints and edges assigned to
a contro)cur(e automatica)) become (isib)e
whene(er a contro)cur(e is se)ected.
!!"$ 3nterior ed&es"
?he interior edges are in fact the edges of the
subdi(ided surface. ?he higher the precision is
set% the more edges are shown. ?he interior
edges are drawn in the co)or of the )aer the
are assigned to.
!!"( Show both sides"
Since a)most an ship is smmetrica) in respect to the centerp)ane% on) the portside of the hu)) is
mode)ed. -f )ess information is shown it is easier to se)ect a point%
edge or face. Doth sides can be shown howe(er so that the
designer has a good impression of what the entire hu)) )ooCs )iCe.
8ot on) the surface is drawn smmetrica)% a)so the intersection
cur(es. Showing both sides of the hu)) is possib)e in both
wireframe (iew and shaded (iew.
!!") ,rid"
-f intersection cur(es are added it is a)so possib)e to ha(e a grid
disp)aed. ?his grid marCs the )ocation of these intersection
cur(es. -t is (isib)e in wireframe and shaded mode and ne+t to
each )ine its distance is printed. -n addition the base)ine% center)ine
and dw) are a)so indicated. ?he grid is (isib)e in a)) (iews e+cept for the perspecti(e (iew. ?his grid
is shown% regard)ess of the (isibi)it setting of the intersection cur(es.
A/.A
Illustration 23
Illustration 24
Illustration 25
FREE!ship
!!"+ Stations"
7raws a)) present stations to the (iewport. ?his option is on) enab)ed if stations are added to the
mode).
!!"1 Buttocks"
7raws a)) present buttocCs to the (iewport. ?his option is on) enab)ed if buttocCs are added to the
mode).
!!"6 Waterlines"
7raws a)) present water)ines to the (iewport. ?his option is on) enab)ed if water)ines are added to
the mode).
!!"8 .ia&onals"
7raws a)) present diagona)s to the (iewport. ?his option is on) enab)ed if diagona)s are added to
the mode).
!!"!9 :ydrostatic features"
FREEship a)so pro(ides the option to p)ot some Ce hdrostatic (a)ues in the mode). ?hese are:
Center of buoanc
7isp)acement
Center of f)oatation
*atera) center and area
'etacentric height
Cur(e of sectiona) areas. Contrar to the other (a)ues this cur(e is on) p)otted in the profi)e (iew
of the hu)). 9f course these (a)ues can on) be shown if the mode) is consistent enough to
ca)cu)ate the hdrostatics at the design draft =so no )eaCs be)ow the water)ine>. ?he (a)ues are
updated in rea)time when the mode)
is being modified. ;ou can specif
which data ou want the program to
show in the project settings dia)og
=see 0., 1roject settings>.
A/2A
Illustration 26
FREE!ship
!!"!! Flowlines"
Show or hide f)ow)ines. ?he f)ow)ines that are disp)aed b FREE!ship are ca)cu)ated through
ana)sis of the surface geometr on) and ha(e nothing to do with CF7. ?his is a huge simp)ification
as speed% pressure and wa(es are e+c)uded from the ca)cu)ation. 7espite this simp)ification the
f)ow)ines show a resemb)ance with those ca)cu)ated wit CF7 programs% but the on) are added to
gi(e the designer an impression of how the water wi)) appro+imate) f)ow. Rea) CF7 ca)cu)ations are
of course much more accurate and
re)iab)e. ;ou can add a f)ow)ine b
Ceeping the a)tAbutton pressed and
c)icCing with the mouse on a point be)ow
the water)ine surface =profi)e% p)an or
bodp)an (iew on)>. ?his point is used as
the origin of the f)ow)ine. From there the
f)ow is traced as far as possib)e to the
stern or unti) it penetrates the design
water)ine. F)ow)ines are on) traced a)ong
surfaces that be)ong to a )aer that is
a)so used for hdrostatic ca)cu)ations =genera)) the she)) of the hu))>. ?he image abo(e shows some
f)ow)ines at the bow of a hu)) with a bu)b. ?he bacCground image shows the resu)ts from a CF7
ca)cu)ation. ?he sma)) b)acC )ines represent the direction of the f)ow as ca)cu)ated with CF7% the b)ue
cur(es are the f)ow)ines ca)cu)ated b FREE!ship. F)ow)ines can be se)ected and de)eted )iCe an
other geometr in FREE!ship.
!!"!# 0or'als"
-f this option is switched on% norma)s of selected faces are
drawn. ?he norma)s appear as thin white )ines% pointing either
inward or outward the hu)). ?his option is on) enab)ed if the
interior edges are (isib)e. @ norma) is drawn at each interior
point of the subdi(ision surface. ?he higher the precision is
set% the more norma)s are drawn.
!!"!$ 5ur*ature"
?his option enab)es or disab)es the drawing of the cur(ature p)ot of certain intersection cur(es. 9n)
of intersection cur(es which appear checCed in the intersection dia)og wi)) the cur(ature be p)otted.
!!"!( /arkers"
'arCers are )ines and/or cur(es added to the mode) as a reference. For e+amp)e the bodp)an of an
e+isting design cou)d be imported as marCers. Stations cou)d then be added to the FREE!ship
mode) at the same )ocation as the marCers. Fina)) the points can be dragged unti) the stations and
the marCers are e+act) on top of each other. -n that case the FREE!ship hu)) matches the hu)) from
the e+isting design.
'arCers can be se)ected with the mouse and de)eted )iCe an other geometr used in our mode).
!!"!) 5ur*ature scale"
?he cur(ature sca)e can be decreased b pressing the F3 Ce% so that cur(es with high cur(ature
can be e(a)uated. ?he sca)e can be increased with the F,# Ce for )ow cur(ature areas.
A/3A
Illustration 27
FREE!ship
12. ,election.
!#"! Select all"
<ith this command =a)so a(ai)ab)e b pressing the shortcut Ctr)A@> a)) (isib)e geometr can be
se)ected in one pass. ?his inc)udes marCers and f)ow)ines.
!#"# .eselect all
Bse this option to dese)ect a)) current) se)ected items simu)taneous). 1ressing the EscACe has
the same resu)t.
A0#A
FREE!ship
13 -ools.
!$"! 5heck 'odel"
FREE!ship can checC the mode) for an inconsistencies% and corrects most of them automatica)).
?his checC is a)so performed each time hdrostatics are ca)cu)ated% un)ess this automatic checCing
is disab)ed in the project settings. First of a)) the surface is checCed for an disjoint segments. ?hen
each segment is checCed if a)) the face norma)s point in the same direction. -f not% it adapts those
faces. ?hen the )owest point of each segment is identified. ?his usua)) is the bottom. -f this is
indeed a point on the bottom then the a(erage norma) of this point shou)d point down. @ssuming
this% a)) faces are adapted such that the direction of their norma) corresponds to the direction of the
norma) of this particu)ar point. -n some rare cases this might cause the norma)s to point in the wrong
direction. -n that case it is recommended to manua)) f)ip the norma)s to the right direction and to
disab)e automatic checCing of the surface. ?his test a)so identifies edges with more than two faces
attached. Second) a )ist of points is pro(ided where the hu)) is considered )eaC. @ point is
considered J)eaCK if:
-t is not situated on the centerp)ane% meaning that the Acoordinate of the point X#.###,.
?he point is attached to an edge with on) , face attached. 8ote that this is a)so the case if
" faces are attached% but , of these faces be)ongs to a )aer from which the J-nc)ude in
hdrostaticsK propert is switched off. ?his cou)d for e+amp)e be the case for a ship with a
c)osed decC% from which the decC is put in a separate )aer that is not inc)uded in the
hdrostatics ca)cu)ations. FREE!ship Ceeps ca)cu)ating unti) the decC)ine is submerged.
@)so windows or an other none watertight surfaces cou)d be treated this wa.
-t is important to rea)iFe that these points are not actua)) a)was )eaC% the on) become )eaC when
the are submerged. So the presence of )eaC points does not a)was ha(e to be a prob)em% just as
)ong as the are not submerged. -f more then ,# )eaC points are found% on) the first ,# are shown.
?he points are shown sorted in increasing height abo(e the base p)ane.
Fina))% if the test is ca))ed from the menu% an o(er(iew of corrected items and possib)e remaining
errors is shown.
!$"# ;e'o*e ne&ati*e"
Sometimes% when a hu)) is imported% the geometr of both sides of the ship is present. FREE!ship
on) needs the port side. ?his option remo(es a)) faces from the mode) that are comp)ete) on the
starboard side.
!$"$ ;e'o*e unused points"
?his can be used to remo(e a)) unused points from the mode).
!$"( .e*elop plates"
@)) )aers which are marCed as de(e)opab)e in the )aer properties dia)og are unfo)ded onto f)at
p)ates =a process a)so ca))ed de(e)oping>. -f the mode) contains no de(e)opab)e )aers then this
option appears disab)ed. Doth sides of the ship are unfo)ded. @ window then appears showing the
unfo)ded p)ates. -t is best to assign each straCe or part of the hu)) to a different )aer. ?hen each
)aer wi)) ha(e its own unfo)ding. -f a )aer consists of mu)tip)e separate parts% each part again wi))
ha(e its own unfo)ding. ?he unfo)ded pane)s can be mo(ed b dragging them with the mouse.
Duttons on the too)bar at the top of the window can be used to rotate the current) se)ected item.
?he rotation ang)e of each pane) ma a)so be entered manua)). 6ooming and panning can be done
e+act) as in the (iewports used for mode)ing the ship. -nterior edges and an present intersection
A0,A
FREE!ship
cur(es are a)so drawn on the unfo)ded pane)s%
and can be switched on or off as desired. ?he
initia) settings for these options are the same
as those for the entire mode). So if the stations
are turned off in the hu))formA(iewports% the
wi)) not show in the de(e)oped surfaces
window either% unti) the are turned on again.
?he (iewport be can sa(ed as a bitmap% but
the (isib)e parts can a)so be e+ported to a .d+f
fi)e or sent direct) to the printer/p)otter. ?he
coordinates forming the boundar of each part
can be e+ported to n @SC-- te+t fi)e.
9n the right of the window a )ist is (isib)e% showing a)) unfo)ded parts. D c)icCing on the checCbo+es
each part can be made (isib)e or in(isib)e. @t the top some crucia) information about the
de(e)opments is shown. @fter the p)ates ha(e been unfo)ded to "7% FREE!ship compares the )ength
of the unfo)ded interior edges to the )ength of these edges in /7. -f this )ength is sma))er then the
edges were compressed =drawn in b)ue>. -f the unfo)ded edges are )onger then these edges were
stretched =drawn in red>. ?he min. error shown at the top is the )argest compression error that
occurred =in wor)d space dimensions% so meters or feet>. ?he ma+. error is the )argest amount of
stress of an edge. Compressed or stretched edges ma be (isua)iFed b turning both the (isibi)it of
interior edges and high)ighting of compressed edges on. ?he difference in area between the /7
surface and the unfo)ded surface is a)so shown. De)ow the disp)aed edges the number of iterations
it tooC to unfo)d the se)ected pane) is shown. FREE!ship maCes up to "$ de(e)opments of each
pane) and uses the one with the sma))est o(era)) error as the fina) one. 4enera)) surfaces that are
tru) de(e)opab)e are unfo)ded in , iteration% and ha(e min. and ma+. errors of #.#. Surfaces that are
not e+act) de(e)opab)e can in most cases sti)) be unfo)ded but might ha(e significant errors due to
the fact that the surface is cur(ed in two directions. ?hinC of it as the top ha)f of a sphere% ou can
not press this surface down to a f)at surface without stretching or compressing certain areas% un)ess
ou maCe some cuts of course.
So itIs *ery i'portant to checC
these errors when ou actua))
want to use the unfo)ded p)ates
for construction purposes!
?here are a)so two input fie)ds to
adapt the grid spacing. ?he grid
can be turned on and off from the
too)bar. Each intersection of a
grid )ine and an unfo)ded pane)
has a number ne+t to it indicating
the coordinate of that intersection.
?he two pane)s that are created
from )aers that border the
centerp)ane of the hu)) and are
comp)ete) f)at% such as for
e+amp)e a f)at transom or bottom%
are merged into , unfo)ded pane).
A0"A
Illustration 28
Illustration 2'
FREE!ship
!$") <eel and rudder wizard"
?he Cee) and rudder wiFard enab)es ou to
HuicC) define a Cee) or rudder with a
predefined p)anform. ;ou can se)ect the
desired wingsection from a )ist of standard
8@C@ sections. ?he Cee) or rudder is show in
/7 a)ong with it basic properties such as
aspect ratio% (o)ume% center of buoanc etc.
9nce the Cee) or rudder is comp)ete it can be
e+ported in two was. Bsing the JsendK button it
is inserted at the current FREE!ship mode) at
the origin. Bsing the Jsa(e as partK button it can
be sa(ed to disc as a FREE!ship part which
can be imported in other designs. ?he )ift/drag tab shows an estimation for the )ift and drag cur(es.
!$"+ 3'port 'arkers"
'arCers are cur(es that can be added to the mode) as a reference. For e+amp)e the offsets of
another design can be imported as marCers. ?hen intersection cur(es can be specified at the same
)ocations in FREE!ship. -f the intersection cur(es coincide with the marCers both hu))s are e+act)
the same. @t the moment the on) wa to add marCers is b importing them from a te+tfi)e. ?he fi)e
format of this fi)e is e+act) the same as as described in /.$.0 Surface and /.$.$ -mporting chines.
?he on) difference is that the integer (a)ue on the first )ine of the fi)e that indicates the units used in
the fi)e =imperia) or metric> is discarded here.
!$"1 .elete 'arkers"
?his de)etes a)) marCers from the mode). -t speaCs for itse)f that this option is disab)ed if there are no
marCers added to the mode). =see a)so ,,.,0 'arCers>.
!$"6 Add cylinder"
?his option )ets ou add a c)inder. ;ou can specif the startpoint% endpoint% radius and number of
points in the dia)og that appears. ?he points are ca)cu)ated in such a wa that the resu)ting surface
has the reHuired properties% e(en though the points are )ocated outside the c)inder. ?he minimum
number of points that can be used to form the c)indrica) shape is 0% howe(er & or more is
recommended. ;ou can use the c)inder for e+amp)e to add a bow thruster to our mode).
A0/A
FREE!ship
1 -rans.orm.
?he first fo))owing 0 transformation operations described in this chapter are intended to be used on
a se)ection. ?here are two different was to create such a se)ection.
,. Se)ect the items ourse)f with the mouse
". Se)ect nothing. @s soon as one of the commands be)ow is chosen% and there is no
se)ection et% the program shows a dia)og from which ou can se)ect entire )aers. ?hen the
operation is performed on the )aers that ou ha(e se)ected.
!("! Scale"
Sca)es =part of> the mode). For this operation the program assemb)es a)) se)ected points% but a)so
a)) the points that be)ong to edges and faces that are se)ected. -f nothing is se)ected% a dia)og is
presented to the user from which entire )aers can be se)ected. -f the checCbo+ at the bottom of the
dia)og is checCed =the one saing: Jinc)ude points that are shared with unse)ected )aersK> then a
point is se)ected automatica)) if at least one attached face be)ongs to a se)ected )aer. -f the
checCbo+ is not checCed% then a point is se)ected automatica)) when all the faces around it be)ong
to se)ected )aer=s>. -f e(erthing is se)ected% then not on) is the hu)) sca)ed% but mainparticu)ars%
stations% buttocCs and water)ines too.
!("# /o*e"
'o(es =part of> the mode). <orCs on points e+tracted from a se)ection% as described in ,0., Sca)e.
!("$ ;otate"
Rotates =part of> the mode). <orCs on points e+tracted from a se)ection% as described in ,0., Sca)e.
!("( /irror"
-n contrast to the pre(ious transformation commands is this one based on
se)ected faces% not points. First se)ect a)) the faces ou want to mirror =see the
chapter about (iewports for specia) se)ecting options>. ?hen use the mirror
option to create a mirrored cop of the se)ected faces. ?he mirror p)ane can be
either trans(erse =;6 p)ane>% horiFonta) =:; p)ane> or (ertica) =:6 p)ane>. ?he
distance of the mirror p)ane to the origin must be specified in the distance fie)d.
?he checCbo+ at the bottom of the form te))s the program if the mirrored points
shou)d be connected to a)read e+isting points or not.
@s an e+amp)e the image to the right shows the process of creating a catamaran. ?he catamaran at
first is mode)ed as a smmetrica) monohu)) =top )eft>. ?o
con(ert it to a proper catamaran the mirror option is used. @))
faces of the =at this stage sti)) a> monohu)) are se)ected and
mirrored in the centerp)ane of the hu)) =(ertica) p)ane%
distance M #.#>. ?his wa a smmetrica) monohu)) is obtained
=top right>. ?his is fina)) mo(ed in the positi(e Adirection
with the %ove command as described in the paragraph
abo(e. -f the (isibi)it setting of the program is set to show
both sides of the design =in this case both hu))s> the fina)
shape of the catamaran appears =bottom )eft and bottom
right>
A00A
FREE!ship
!(") Lackenby"
?he hu))form method de(e)oped b *acCenb is used to transform the hu)) to match a desired
disp)acement or )ongitudina) center of buoanc whi)e maintaining fairness of our design. ?his is
done b shifting contro)points in the )ongitudina) direction. So the o(era)) )ength of the design wi)) be
different after the transformation. ?he dia)og )ooCs as fo))ows:

?he input fie)ds to the )eft are di(ided in / co)umns. ?he )eft co)umn shows the current (a)ues as
ca)cu)ated from the mode). ?he midd)e co)umn shows the desired (a)ues which can be modified b
the user. ?he right co)umn shows the difference between the current and desired (a)ues. ?he )eft
and right co)umn are updated after each iteration so the progress can be monitored.
De)ow these / co)umns the ma+imum number of iterations that ma be performed can be modified.
?he defau)t is ,$% but sometimes more iterations are needed to obtain the desired resu)t. ?his is
specia)) true when a design has a high prismatic coefficient in the aftship% such as p)aning
motorcraft% or when the midship )ocation is far from the usua) p)ace at #.$N*ength.
?he checCbo+ be)ow that ensures that a)) windows of the program are updated after each iteration%
so the progress can be monitored in /7.
?o the right the bodp)an of the origina) hu)) is disp)aed in b)acC. -f the transformation was
successfu) then the new bodp)an is disp)aed in red dashed )ines on top of the origina) bodp)an.
@t the bottom of the dia)og the origina) sectiona) area cur(e and design water)ine are disp)aed% a)so
in b)acC. @gain the new sectiona) area cur(e and design water)ine are disp)aed on top of these if
the transformation was successfu). ?he darC gra dashed )ine is the )ocation of the midship section
as defined b the user in the project settings. -mportant to Cnow is that in contrast to the
hdrostatics ca)cu)ated e)sewhere in the program here it is ca)cu)ated using ordinates% and not
surface pane)s. ?his can cause a s)ight difference between the disp)acement shown here and
ca)cu)ated e)sewhere. @ tota) of 2" ordinates is used to ca)cu)ate the sectiona) area cur(e and
hdrostatics% 0, for the aftship and 0, for the foreship.
A0$A
FREE!ship
Fina)) at the bottomA)eft corner a)) )aers of the mode) are shown. ?he transformation is on) app)ied
to the )aers that ha(e a checCmarC ne+t to them. @s stated pre(ious) the transformation consists
of shifting contro)points )ongitudina))% so the )ocation of for e+amp)e a Cee)% centerboard or cabin is
a)so )iCe) to change. D remo(ing the checCmarC )aers containing such items remain unchanged%
but it ma resu)t in a distorted or unfair mode) if the mode) was e+cessi(e) changed.
Here the resu)t is shown after transforming the b)ocCcoefficient from #.0."& to #.$"##. ?he new
)ines and sectiona) area cur(e are disp)aed on top of the origina) )ines.
A0&A
FREE!ship
1# Calculations.
!)"! intersection cur*es"
intersection cur(es such as stations% buttocCs% water)ines and
diagona)s are ca)cu)ated from the mode). 9n) their )ocation needs to
be specified. 7iagona)s are a)was at an ang)e of 0$ degrees to the
center p)ane. Each time the mode) is changed% the ca)cu)ated
intersection cur(es are destroed. ?he are rebui)d as soon as the
need to be e+ported or drawn to the screen. ?he buttons on the
too)bar )et ou switch to which tpe of intersection ou want to add or
de)ete. ;ou can add one intersection at a time b se)ecting the O,
option in the menu. @ dia)og is disp)aed asCing for the )ocation of
the intersection. -t is a)so possib)e to add a who)e range at once b
se)ecting the O8 option. 9n) the spacing between successi(e
intersection cur(es needs to be specified. ?he program starts at the
origin =+M#% M# or FM#% depending on the tpe of intersection> and
Ceeps adding intersection cur(es in positi(e and negati(e direction unti) the e+tents of the mode) is
reached. ?he intersection cur(es appear in an increasing order of their distance. ?o de)ete an
intersection% just se)ect it and press the delete Ce on our Ceboard.
?he checCbo+ disp)aed to the )eft of each intersection indicates if the cur(ature p)ot of that specific
intersection cur(e must be p)otted. =see cur(ature (isibi)it>. 7ue to the sca)e and nature of the
computer screen it is in a)most an case impossib)e to determine if a cur(e is fair. ?o o(ercome this
a cur(ature p)ot is often drawn. @ cur(ature p)ot
means that in a )arge number of points of a cur(e
the cur(ature is ca)cu)ated and p)otted
perpendicu)ar to the cur(e = the purp)e )ine>. Since
the cur(ature can be positi(e as we)) as negati(e%
the p)ot can swap from one side of the cur(e to the
other =see the image )eft>. <here the p)ot
intersects the cur(e the cur(ature is Fero. So in
areas of a cur(e where the cur(ature is Fero
=straight )ine segments>% both cur(es are on top of
each other. @t a CnucC)e point on the other hand
the cur(ature is (er high and can go to infinit. So
the higher the abso)ute (a)ue of the cur(ature% the
further the cur(ature p)ot is drawn awa from the cur(e. Smooth cur(es are characteriFed b
cur(ature p)ots with no une+pected humps or ho))ows% the cur(ature must change gradua)) as is the
case with the water)ine be)ow. ?he sca)e of the cur(ature p)ot can be decreased b pressing the F3
Ce and increased b pressing the F,# Ce. 'aCe sure that the cur(ature (isibi)it is a)so turned on!
A0.A
Illustration 3!
FREE!ship
!)"# .esi&n hydrostatics"
@ simp)e hdrostatic ca)cu)ation is performed of the ship at the design draft% as specified in the
project settings. Some important coefficients% such as b)ocCcoefficient% are ca)cu)ated twice. 9nce
using the )ength and beam as specified in the project settings% and once using the actua) )ength and
beam at the water)ine. Fina)) the surface area and center of gra(it of each )aer is shown. ?hese
properties are ca)cu)ated for both sides of the ship and ma be used for e+amp)e to estimate the
weight of the hu)).
-f imperia) units are used% the disp)acement is gi(en in )ongtons =, )ongton eHua)s ""0# )bs>.
!)"$ :ydrostatics"
?his option is used to perform hdrostatic ca)cu)ations at a range of drafts. @ trim ma a)so be
specified. ?he resu)ts can be sa(ed to a te+tfi)e.
!)"( 5ross cur*es"
Stabi)it ca)cu)ations are pro(ided in the form of cross cur(es. For a number of hee)ing ang)es and
disp)acements E8 sin=Y> is ca)cu)ated and presented in a graph and tab)e. -f on) one disp)acement
is pro(ided the E8 sin=Y> cur(e is disp)aed. -f mu)tip)e disp)acements are pro(ided the graph shows
the standard cross cur(es. ?he ca)cu)ated data can be printed or sa(ed to a te+tfi)e.
A02A
FREE!ship
!)") ;esistance calculations"
15.5.1 .elft series.
?he 7e)ft series resistance ca)cu)ation is a
method that is intended for finACee)ed
achts. -tIs a statistica) method based upon
a who)e series of mode)s that are tested
o(er the ears in the towing tanC of the
7e)ft Bni(ersit of ?echno)og. ?he
ca)cu)ation is restricted to run on) if the
parameters of the mode) are in the same
range as those of the tested mode)s.
?hese ranges are:
*w)/Dw) : Z"..& A $.##[
Dw)/?hu)) : Z".0& A ,3./"[
*w)/7isp)\#./// : Z0./0 P 2.$#[
*CD =in Q of *w)> : ZA&.# P #.#[
Cp : Z#.$" P #.&#[
-f there are no )ines disp)aed in the graph to the right% then itIs safe to assume that at )east one of
the parameters is out of range. ;ou can switch to the resu)ts tab to checC the detai)s.
?here are two different was to use the modu)e:
Fi)) in a)) the data manua)). ;ou donIt e(en need a hu)) to do this. Each time a modification is
made e(erthing is reca)cu)ated and updated.
*et the program ca)cu)ate the hdrostatic (a)ues that are needed b c)icCing on the checCbo+ that
sas: JE+tract data from current hu))K. 9n) two input fie)ds concerning the hu)) data are enab)ed
in this mode. 9ne is for the draft of the hu)) a)one% the other for the tota) draft of the hu)) inc)uding
the Cee). ?his )ast draft is used when the hdrostatic (a)ues are ca)cu)ated% assuming ou ha(e
indeed attached a Cee) at the bottom of the hu)). -f this is not the case% then fi)) in the draft of the
hu)) a)one as if it was the tota) draft inc)uding the Cee). @s a)) data has been ca)cu)ated b the
program then disab)e the Je+tract from hu))K checCbo+% and set the correct drafts in the two edit
fie)ds and continue as norma).
@)) data used for the resistance ca)cu)ation is stored with the mode).
15.5.2 ;9P-$.
?he E@1ER resistance method is intended for canoes and CaaCs. -t was origina)) de(e)oped b
Lohn <inters% a na(a) architect now specia)iFing in designing canoes and CaaCs. =See
http://www.green(a).com/jwinters.htm)> -t is based on statistica) data obtained b mode) tests. His
method is )ater e+tended b 'att DroFe to higher speed/)ength ratios and to incorporate more
(ariab)es into the eHuations. ?his e+tended (ersion is a(ai)ab)e in the form of an E+ce) spreadsheet
from http://www.marinerCaaCs.com/mChtm)/down)oads.htm. Howe(er whi)e imp)ementing this
method in FREE!ship two serious discontinuities showed up in the cur(e of residua) resistance.
?hese consist of a sudden drop in resistance of about ,#Q at speed/)ength ratios of ,.0 and ,.&
and are the resu)t of a correction imp)emented b 'att. @fter carefu) consideration the decision was
made to on) a))ow ca)cu)ations up to a speed/)ength ratio of ,.0 in order not to gi(e the user a fa)se
sense of securit. -t a)so restricts the method to sta within the range of parameters of the actua))
tested hu))s.
Dasica)) there are two was to use the E@1ER resistance method. ?he easiest wa is to open it
with a design in memor. -n that case the checCbo+ saing Je+tract data from the current hu))K is
enab)ed and ma be checCed. -f it is checCed a)) input fie)ds% e+cept those for the draft and
A03A
FREE!ship
submerged transom ratio% are disab)ed.
<hen the draft is changed the program
ca)cu)ates the appropriate hdrostatics
corresponding to that draft and the resistance
data is updated. ?he other wa is b
remo(ing the checC from the checCbo+. -n
that case ou can specif =or modif after
most (a)ues ha(e been automatica))
ca)cu)ated> a)) input (a)ues manua)).
@fter each modification the resistance is
reca)cu)ated. ;ou can see the data either
graphica)) on the first tab page or
numerica)) on the second tab page. <hen
no data is (isib)e the input data is out of
range. ?he range of (a)id parameters is:
1rismatic coefficient #.02A#.&0
Submerged transom ratio #.#A#.#0
8one of the other (ariab)es other than the water)ine entrance ang)e me be Fero.
?he graph disp)as 0 resistance cur(es. ?he first three are for frictiona) resistance% residua)
resistance and the tota) resistance. ?he fourth )ine is showing the tota) resistance according to
Spi)man. ?he residua) resistance in this case is a (er simp)e formu)a based on) upon the
speed/)ength ratio of the design and is inc)uded to gi(e the user a point of reference.
@)) data entered in the input fie)ds of this resistance method is a)so stored in the FREE!ship fi)e.
A$#A
FREE!ship
16 /ac0%round ima%es.
FREE!ship has the abi)it to show images on the bacCground of our mode). ?his functiona)it is
particu)ar) con(enient if ou ha(e an e+isting )inesp)an on paper and want to recreate the )ines in
FREE!ship. ;ou can )oad a ma+imum of three images. Each of these images is assigned to a (iew
=profi)e% p)an or bodp)an (iew>. ;ou can not
assign an image to the perspecti(e (iew. @))
options re)ated to bacCground images are )ocated
in the popupAmenu that appears when ou press
the right mouse button in a (iewport. <hen using
bacCground images pa specia) attention to maCe
sure that a)) horiFonta) and (ertica) )ines on the
images are tru) horiFonta) or (ertica).
!+"! =isible"
9nce ou ha(e assigned an image to for e+amp)e the profi)e (iew% it wi)) be shown in a)) (iewports
showing the profi)e (iew on the mode). D changing the visi$le propert ou can hide the image
from a particu)ar (iewport.
!+"# 5lear"
Bsing the c)ear command remo(es the image not on) from the current (iewport but a)so from a))
other (iewport. -t is entire) remo(ed from the FREE!ship mode).
!+"$ Load"
-mports a bacCground image. FREE!ship on) reads $%p and /pg images. For performance reasons
maCe sure that the images ou are going to use are not too big. @fter ha(ing imported an image ou
must set the origin to maCe sure it is disp)aed at the right )ocation. ;ou a)so ha(e to set the sca)e
of the image to math the siFe of our mode).
!+"( Sa*e"
E+ports the bacCground image to a fi)e.
!+") 2ri&in"
-f ou use this option a specia) cursor appears. 9nce ou c)icC on a spot in the acti(e (iewport that
part of the image wi)) be mo(ed to the origin of the current (iewport. -t does not necessari) ha(e to
be a point within the actua) bacCground image% it ma a)so be )ocated outside the image.
!+"+ Set scale"
'aCe sure ou set the sca)e of an imported image before opening another image. FREE!ship
assigns the same sca)e of the pre(ious) imported image to the fresh) imported one. ?his is
particu)ar) usefu) if ou ha(e mu)tip)e images imported from the same )inesp)an. <hen e+ecuting
this option the user is reHuired to c)icC on a point within the actua) image of which the )ocation is
Cnown. ?he program uses the same sca)e for both the horiFonta) and (ertica) direction.
A$,A
FREE!ship
!+"1 ransparent color"
9ften bacCground images are in b)acC and white. Ha(ing a huge white area on our (iewport can
sometimes be distracting. D setting white as the transparent co)or the program does not draw the
white areas. So on) the b)acC )ines are draw on
our screen. ;ou can se)ect the transparent co)or
b c)icCing on an area of the bacCground image
that has the co)or ou want to hide. -f ou c)icC on
a point that )ies outside the area of the
bacCground image transparenc is disab)ed
again.
!+"6 olerance"
Sometimes images that )ooC b)acC and white
ha(e a )ot of co)ors in between. ?his is
particu)ar) the case where some Hua)it has
been )ost due to compression% as is the case
with /pg images. <hen white is the designated
transparent co)or and is fi)tered out% a )ot of
Ja)most whiteK pi+e)s remain. D increasing the
to)erance these pi+e)s can be fi)tered out b the
program too.
!+"8 Blendin&"
-f e(en after a)) the measures abo(e the bacCground image is ti)) too dominant% it can be b)ended
with the (iewport co)or. ?his wa it disso)(es in the bacCground and the geometr of ou FREE!ship
mode) is sti)) c)ear) (isib)e.
A$"A
FREE!ship
1$ Lan%ua%e support.
Current trans)ations inc)ude:
Eng)ish
7utch
4erman
French
Caste))ano
Suomi
7ue to the fact that FREE!ship is sti)) in de(e)opment =new features Ceep being added> and that the
trans)ations are created and maintained b FREE!ship users% it is )iCe) that the trans)ation fi)es are
not comp)ete) in snc with the most recent Eng)ish.ini fi)e. @fter each officia) re)ease the trans)ation
fi)es ha(e to be updated again. ?hese update fi)es are then inc)uded in the ne+t re)ease of
FREE!ship.
!1"! 5reatin& translations"
@)) the te+t strings used on the forms are p)aced into a sing)e .ini fi)e. ?he origina) fi)e is ca))ed
0nglis("ini and can be found in the 1anguages subdirector. ?his is a simp)e te+tfi)e containing the
information of a)) forms where each form has it own section that begins with the name of the form
enc)ose b two sHuare bracCets% for e+amp)e: [TMainform]. Each )ine after that has the fo))owing
snta+: TMainForm.LoadFile.Hint=Oen a ne! "ile. ?his )ine can be sp)it into two parts. ?he
part )eft of the = sign te))s the program where the te+t shou)d be p)aced% in this case it is the hint that
appears when the mouse ho(ers abo(e the too)bar button used to open a fi)e. ?he part to the right
of the = sign is the actua) te+t. <hen modifing the fi)e maCe sure the = sign is not remo(ed. ;ou
can trans)ate the fi)e either with a @SC-- te+t editor such as notepad or use the specia) too) that can
be down)oaded from the FREE!ship homepage. -f ou decide to maCe a trans)ation% maCe sure ou
gi(e the fi)e the name of the )anguage ou are trans)ating into% as this is the te+t that is disp)aed in
the )ist with a(ai)ab)e )anguages in the preferences dia)og. 8ew )anguage fi)es can be sent to
info@freeship.org so the can be inc)uded in the ne+t re)ease of FREE!ship.
A$/A
FREE!ship
123 1eneral !u+lic License.
?he 48B 4enera) 1ub)ic *icense =41*>
5ersion "% Lune ,33,
Copright =C> ,323% ,33, Free Software Foundation% -nc.
$3 ?emp)e 1)ace% Suite //#% Doston% '@ #",,,A,/#. BS@
E(erone is permitted to cop and distribute (erbatim copies of this )icense document% but changing
it is not a))owed.
Prea'ble
?he )icenses for most software are designed to taCe awa our freedom to share and change it. D
contrast% the 48B 4enera) 1ub)ic *icense is intended to guarantee our freedom to share and
change free softwareAAto maCe sure the software is free for a)) its users. ?his 4enera) 1ub)ic
*icense app)ies to most of the Free Software FoundationIs software and to an other program
whose authors commit to using it. =Some other Free Software Foundation software is co(ered b
the 48B *ibrar 4enera) 1ub)ic *icense instead.> ;ou can app) it to our programs% too.
<hen we speaC of free software% we are referring to freedom% not price. 9ur 4enera) 1ub)ic
*icenses are designed to maCe sure that ou ha(e the freedom to distribute copies of free software
=and charge for this ser(ice if ou wish>% that ou recei(e source code or can get it if ou want it%
that ou can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programsG and that ou Cnow ou
can do these things.
?o protect our rights% we need to maCe restrictions that forbid anone to den ou these rights or to
asC ou to surrender the rights. ?hese restrictions trans)ate to certain responsibi)ities for ou if ou
distribute copies of the software% or if ou modif it.
For e+amp)e% if ou distribute copies of such a program% whether gratis or for a fee% ou must gi(e
the recipients a)) the rights that ou ha(e. ;ou must maCe sure that the% too% recei(e or can get the
source code. @nd ou must show them these terms so the Cnow their rights.
<e protect our rights with two steps:
,. copright the software% and
". offer ou this )icense which gi(es ou )ega) permission to cop% distribute and/or modif the
software.
@)so% for each authorIs protection and ours% we want to maCe certain that e(erone understands that
there is no warrant for this free software. -f the software is modified b someone e)se and passed
on% we want its recipients to Cnow that what the ha(e is not the origina)% so that an prob)ems
introduced b others wi)) not ref)ect on the origina) authorsI reputations.
Fina))% an free program is threatened constant) b software patents. <e wish to a(oid the danger
that redistributors of a free program wi)) indi(idua)) obtain patent )icenses% in effect maCing the
program proprietar. ?o pre(ent this% we ha(e made it c)ear that an patent must be )icensed for
e(eroneIs free use or not )icensed at a)).
?he precise terms and conditions for coping% distribution and modification fo))ow.
A$0A
FREE!ship
er's and conditions for copyin&> distribution and 'odification"
,. ?his *icense app)ies to an program or other worC which contains a notice p)aced b the
copright ho)der saing it ma be distributed under the terms of this 4enera) 1ub)ic *icense.
?he ]1rogram]% be)ow% refers to an such program or worC% and a ]worC based on the
1rogram] means either the 1rogram or an deri(ati(e worC under copright )aw: that is to
sa% a worC containing the 1rogram or a portion of it% either (erbatim or with modifications
and/or trans)ated into another )anguage. =Hereinafter% trans)ation is inc)uded without
)imitation in the term ]modification].> Each )icensee is addressed as ]ou]. @cti(ities other
than coping% distribution and modification are not co(ered b this *icenseG the are outside
its scope. ?he act of running the 1rogram is not restricted% and the output from the 1rogram
is co(ered on) if its contents constitute a worC based on the 1rogram =independent of
ha(ing been made b running the 1rogram>. <hether that is true depends on what the
1rogram does.
". ;ou ma cop and distribute (erbatim copies of the 1rogramIs source code as ou recei(e it%
in an medium% pro(ided that ou conspicuous) and appropriate) pub)ish on each cop an
appropriate copright notice and disc)aimer of warrantG Ceep intact a)) the notices that refer
to this *icense and to the absence of an warrantG and gi(e an other recipients of the
1rogram a cop of this *icense a)ong with the 1rogram. ;ou ma charge a fee for the
phsica) act of transferring a cop% and ou ma at our option offer warrant protection in
e+change for a fee.
/. ;ou ma modif our cop or copies of the 1rogram or an portion of it% thus forming a worC
based on the 1rogram% and cop and distribute such modifications or worC under the terms
of Section , abo(e% pro(ided that ou a)so meet a)) of these conditions:
a> ;ou must cause the modified fi)es to carr prominent notices stating that ou
changed the fi)es and the date of an change.
b> ;ou must cause an worC that ou distribute or pub)ish% that in who)e or in part
contains or is deri(ed from the 1rogram or an part thereof% to be )icensed as a
who)e at no charge to a)) third parties under the terms of this *icense.
c> -f the modified program norma)) reads commands interacti(e) when run% ou must
cause it% when started running for such interacti(e use in the most ordinar wa% to
print or disp)a an announcement inc)uding an appropriate copright notice and a
notice that there is no warrant =or e)se% saing that ou pro(ide a warrant> and that
users ma redistribute the program under these conditions% and te))ing the user how
to (iew a cop of this *icense. =E+ception: if the 1rogram itse)f is interacti(e but does
not norma)) print such an announcement% our worC based on the 1rogram is not
reHuired to print an announcement.>
0. ?hese reHuirements app) to the modified worC as a who)e. -f identifiab)e sections of that
worC are not deri(ed from the 1rogram% and can be reasonab) considered independent and
separate worCs in themse)(es% then this *icense% and its terms% do not app) to those
sections when ou distribute them as separate worCs. Dut when ou distribute the same
sections as part of a who)e which is a worC based on the 1rogram% the distribution of the
who)e must be on the terms of this *icense% whose permissions for other )icensees e+tend to
the entire who)e% and thus to each and e(er part regard)ess of who wrote it. ?hus% it is not
the intent of this section to c)aim rights or contest our rights to worC written entire) b ouG
rather% the intent is to e+ercise the right to contro) the distribution of deri(ati(e or co))ecti(e
worCs based on the 1rogram. -n addition% mere aggregation of another worC not based on
the 1rogram with the 1rogram =or with a worC based on the 1rogram> on a (o)ume of a
storage or distribution medium does not bring the other worC under the scope of this
*icense.
$. ;ou ma cop and distribute the 1rogram =or a worC based on it% under Section /> in object
code or e+ecutab)e form under the terms of Sections " and / abo(e pro(ided that ou a)so
do one of the fo))owing:
A$$A
FREE!ship
a> @ccompan it with the comp)ete corresponding machineAreadab)e source code% which
must be distributed under the terms of Sections , and " abo(e on a medium
customari) used for software interchangeG or%
b> @ccompan it with a written offer% (a)id for at )east three ears% to gi(e an third part%
for a charge no more than our cost of phsica)) performing source distribution% a
comp)ete machineAreadab)e cop of the corresponding source code% to be distributed
under the terms of Sections " and / abo(e on a medium customari) used for
software interchangeG or%
c> @ccompan it with the information ou recei(ed as to the offer to distribute
corresponding source code. =?his a)ternati(e is a))owed on) for noncommercia)
distribution and on) if ou recei(ed the program in object code or e+ecutab)e form
with such an offer% in accord with Subsection b abo(e.>
&. ?he source code for a worC means the preferred form of the worC for maCing modifications
to it. For an e+ecutab)e worC% comp)ete source code means a)) the source code for a))
modu)es it contains% p)us an associated interface definition fi)es% p)us the scripts used to
contro) compi)ation and insta))ation of the e+ecutab)e. Howe(er% as a specia) e+ception% the
source code distributed need not inc)ude anthing that is norma)) distributed =in either
source or binar form> with the major components =compi)er% Cerne)% and so on> of the
operating sstem on which the e+ecutab)e runs% un)ess that component itse)f accompanies
the e+ecutab)e. -f distribution of e+ecutab)e or object code is made b offering access to
cop from a designated p)ace% then offering eHui(a)ent access to cop the source code from
the same p)ace counts as distribution of the source code% e(en though third parties are not
compe))ed to cop the source a)ong with the object code.
.. ;ou ma not cop% modif% sub)icense% or distribute the 1rogram e+cept as e+press)
pro(ided under this *icense. @n attempt otherwise to cop% modif% sub)icense or distribute
the 1rogram is (oid% and wi)) automatica)) terminate our rights under this *icense.
Howe(er% parties who ha(e recei(ed copies% or rights% from ou under this *icense wi)) not
ha(e their )icenses terminated so )ong as such parties remain in fu)) comp)iance.
2. ;ou are not reHuired to accept this *icense% since ou ha(e not signed it. Howe(er% nothing
e)se grants ou permission to modif or distribute the 1rogram or its deri(ati(e worCs. ?hese
actions are prohibited b )aw if ou do not accept this *icense. ?herefore% b modifing or
distributing the 1rogram =or an worC based on the 1rogram>% ou indicate our acceptance
of this *icense to do so% and a)) its terms and conditions for coping% distributing or modifing
the 1rogram or worCs based on it.
3. Each time ou redistribute the 1rogram =or an worC based on the 1rogram>% the recipient
automatica)) recei(es a )icense from the origina) )icensor to cop% distribute or modif the
1rogram subject to these terms and conditions. ;ou ma not impose an further restrictions
on the recipientsI e+ercise of the rights granted herein. ;ou are not responsib)e for enforcing
comp)iance b third parties to this *icense.
,#. -f% as a conseHuence of a court judgment or a))egation of patent infringement or for an other
reason =not )imited to patent issues>% conditions are imposed on ou =whether b court order%
agreement or otherwise> that contradict the conditions of this *icense% the do not e+cuse
ou from the conditions of this *icense. -f ou cannot distribute so as to satisf
simu)taneous) our ob)igations under this *icense and an other pertinent ob)igations% then
as a conseHuence ou ma not distribute the 1rogram at a)). For e+amp)e% if a patent )icense
wou)d not permit roa)tAfree redistribution of the 1rogram b a)) those who recei(e copies
direct) or indirect) through ou% then the on) wa ou cou)d satisf both it and this *icense
wou)d be to refrain entire) from distribution of the 1rogram. -f an portion of this section is
he)d in(a)id or unenforceab)e under an particu)ar circumstance% the ba)ance of the section is
intended to app) and the section as a who)e is intended to app) in other circumstances. -t is
not the purpose of this section to induce ou to infringe an patents or other propert right
c)aims or to contest (a)idit of an such c)aimsG this section has the so)e purpose of
protecting the integrit of the free software distribution sstem% which is imp)emented b
pub)ic )icense practices. 'an peop)e ha(e made generous contributions to the wide range
of software distributed through that sstem in re)iance on consistent app)ication of that
sstemG it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is wi))ing to distribute software
A$&A
FREE!ship
through an other sstem and a )icensee cannot impose that choice. ?his section is intended
to maCe thorough) c)ear what is be)ie(ed to be a conseHuence of the rest of this *icense.
,,. -f the distribution and/or use of the 1rogram is restricted in certain countries either b
patents or b coprighted interfaces% the origina) copright ho)der who p)aces the 1rogram
under this *icense ma add an e+p)icit geographica) distribution )imitation e+c)uding those
countries% so that distribution is permitted on) in or among countries not thus e+c)uded. -n
such case% this *icense incorporates the )imitation as if written in the bod of this *icense.
,". ?he Free Software Foundation ma pub)ish re(ised and/or new (ersions of the 4enera)
1ub)ic *icense from time to time. Such new (ersions wi)) be simi)ar in spirit to the present
(ersion% but ma differ in detai) to address new prob)ems or concerns. Each (ersion is gi(en
a distinguishing (ersion number. -f the 1rogram specifies a (ersion number of this *icense
which app)ies to it and ]an )ater (ersion]% ou ha(e the option of fo))owing the terms and
conditions either of that (ersion or of an )ater (ersion pub)ished b the Free Software
Foundation. -f the 1rogram does not specif a (ersion number of this *icense% ou ma
choose an (ersion e(er pub)ished b the Free Software Foundation.
,/. -f ou wish to incorporate parts of the 1rogram into other free programs whose distribution
conditions are different% write to the author to asC for permission. For software which is
coprighted b the Free Software Foundation% write to the Free Software FoundationG we
sometimes maCe e+ceptions for this. 9ur decision wi)) be guided b the two goa)s of
preser(ing the free status of a)) deri(ati(es of our free software and of promoting the sharing
and reuse of software genera)).
02 WA;;A0?
,0. DEC@BSE ?HE 1R94R@' -S *-CE8SE7 FREE 9F CH@R4E% ?HERE -S 89
<@RR@8?; 9R ?HE 1R94R@'% ?9 ?HE E:?E8? 1ER'-??E7 D; @11*-C@D*E *@<.
E:CE1? <HE8 9?HER<-SE S?@?E7 -8 <R-?-84 ?HE C91;R-4H? H9*7ERS
@87/9R 9?HER 1@R?-ES 1R95-7E ?HE 1R94R@' ]@S -S] <-?H9B? <@RR@8?; 9F
@8; E-87% E-?HER E:1RESSE7 9R -'1*-E7% -8C*B7-84% DB? 89? *-'-?E7 ?9% ?HE
-'1*-E7 <@RR@8?-ES 9F 'ERCH@8?@D-*-?; @87 F-?8ESS F9R @ 1@R?-CB*@R
1BR19SE. ?HE E8?-RE R-SE @S ?9 ?HE TB@*-?; @87 1ERF9R'@8CE 9F ?HE
1R94R@' -S <-?H ;9B. SH9B*7 ?HE 1R94R@' 1R95E 7EFEC?-5E% ;9B @SSB'E
?HE C9S? 9F @** 8ECESS@R; SER5-C-84% RE1@-R 9R C9RREC?-98.
,$. -8 89 E5E8? B8*ESS RETB-RE7 D; @11*-C@D*E *@< 9R @4REE7 ?9 -8 <R-?-84
<-** @8; C91;R-4H? H9*7ER% 9R @8; 9?HER 1@R?; <H9 '@; '97-F; @87/9R
RE7-S?R-DB?E ?HE 1R94R@' @S 1ER'-??E7 @D95E% DE *-@D*E ?9 ;9B F9R
7@'@4ES% -8C*B7-84 @8; 4E8ER@*% S1EC-@*% -8C-7E8?@* 9R C98SETBE8?-@*
7@'@4ES @R-S-84 9B? 9F ?HE BSE 9R -8@D-*-?; ?9 BSE ?HE 1R94R@'
=-8C*B7-84 DB? 89? *-'-?E7 ?9 *9SS 9F 7@?@ 9R 7@?@ DE-84 RE87ERE7
-8@CCBR@?E 9R *9SSES SBS?@-8E7 D; ;9B 9R ?H-R7 1@R?-ES 9R @ F@-*BRE
9F ?HE 1R94R@' ?9 91ER@?E <-?H @8; 9?HER 1R94R@'S>% E5E8 -F SBCH
H9*7ER 9R 9?HER 1@R?; H@S DEE8 @75-SE7 9F ?HE 19SS-D-*-?; 9F SBCH
7@'@4ES.
A$.A